Roadway support structure cooperative impact resistance performance testing device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of roadway supporting structure collaborative impact resistance performance testing device and method, including rack, test shell, bag, extrusion plate, hydraulic pump station, simulated filler, roadway simulation supporting structure, ultrasonic vibration component, nozzle and spray pump.The roadway supporting structure collaborative impact resistance performance testing device and method of the present application are integrated, modular and high degree of automation, on the one hand, can effectively meet the needs of roadway supporting system simulation simulation operation under various complex geological conditions, equipment versatility and comprehensive utilization rate is high;On the other hand, in operation, the roadway supporting system efficiency, design defects and the damage change state of roadway supporting system under the action of ground stress can be accurately simulated at low cost and high efficiency, thereby providing pre-experimental data for actual supporting experiment in roadway, improving the work efficiency and precision of field experiment operation, reducing experimental cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support technology, specifically to a testing device and method for the collaborative impact resistance performance of tunnel support structures. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the design and research of roadway support systems mainly involves studying the rock strata structure characteristics of the roadway area in the laboratory, followed by small-scale system construction within the roadway based on the research results, and finally determining the performance and structure of the support system through long-term monitoring. While this method can meet the needs of actual roadway support operations, it suffers from low efficiency, high cost and difficulty in performance research, and relatively poor flexibility in conducting research. Currently, there is no effective equipment or supporting methods to address this issue for conducting roadway support system research in the laboratory.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a testing device and monitoring method for the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures to meet the needs of practical work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a testing device and method for the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures.

[0006] The tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device of this invention includes a frame, a test shell, a bag, a compression plate, a hydraulic pump station, a simulated filling material, a tunnel simulation support structure, an ultrasonic vibration component, a nozzle, and a spray pump. The test shell is mounted on the frame, and the bottom of the test shell has a drainage outlet.

[0007] Both the bladder and the extrusion plate are located inside the test housing. The bladder is located on the inner wall of the test housing, and the extrusion plate is located on the side of the bladder away from the inner wall of the test housing. There are multiple bladders and extrusion plates, and they correspond one-to-one. The multiple extrusion plates define an extrusion space. The hydraulic pump station is connected to the bladder and is used to supply pressurized liquid into the bladder so that the bladder expands and extrudes the extrusion plate.

[0008] The simulated filler is used to simulate the geology of the tunnel and fills the compression space; the tunnel simulation support structure is located inside the simulated filler; the ultrasonic vibration component is located on the surface of the compression plate away from the bag and is used to vibrate the simulated filler; the nozzle is located inside the test shell and connected to the spray pump for spraying water onto the simulated filler.

[0009] In some embodiments, the volume of the tunnel simulation support structure is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated filler, the distance between the tunnel simulation support structure and the extrusion plate is greater than 20% of the width of the extrusion space, and at least 70% of the tunnel simulation support structure is located below the center of the extrusion space.

[0010] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor is provided between the bag and the inner wall of the test shell, and a temperature and humidity sensor is provided inside the test shell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the test housing includes a cover plate and a bottom shell, the cover plate being removably mounted on the bottom shell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the test shell is generally a rectangular shell, and at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates are provided on each inner wall of the test shell. Adjacent extrusion plates are connected by an elastic band. Through holes are provided on the extrusion plates along their thickness direction, and the inner diameter of the through holes gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

[0013] In some embodiments, the tunnel simulation support structure includes an upper shell and a bottom plate. The bottom plate is connected to the upper shell and defines a support space. The distance from the bottom plate to the edge of the upper shell is greater than 5 mm. Both the upper shell and the bottom plate include a polymer surface layer, a first metal mesh, and a cementitious material matrix stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside. A second metal mesh is provided in the cementitious material matrix. Both the upper shell and the bottom plate are provided with a plurality of spaced reinforcing ribs. One end of each reinforcing rib extends into the support space and the other end is placed outside the support space.

[0014] In some embodiments, the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device of the present invention is characterized in that it further includes a plurality of auxiliary reinforcing plates, the plurality of auxiliary reinforcing plates being disposed in the support space and connected to the reinforcing ribs, the auxiliary reinforcing plates abutting against the inner wall of the upper shell.

[0015] In some embodiments, the frame is provided with a monitoring component, which includes a track, a slider, a drive component, and an ultrasonic flaw detector. The track is arranged around the test shell, the slider is slidably disposed on the track, the drive component is used to drive the slider to slide, and the ultrasonic flaw detector is disposed on the slider to monitor the simulated filling material and the simulated roadway support structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the simulated filler includes at least one of coal gangue, sand, gravel, and concrete.

[0017] The method for testing the synergistic impact resistance performance of roadway support structures according to embodiments of the present invention, wherein the method is applied to any of the aforementioned testing devices for the synergistic impact resistance performance of roadway support structures, is characterized by comprising:

[0018] S1, Data Acquisition: First, geological structure data of the area to be studied is collected. Then, the collected geological structure is simulated and prepared using a simulated filling material. The simulated support structure of the tunnel is scaled down and prepared according to the tunnel structure to be tested and the support design scheme. The prepared simulated support structure is then embedded in the simulated filling material and positioned. Finally, the test shell is sealed.

[0019] S2, Test Operation: After completing step S1, water is sprayed onto the simulated filler through nozzles to adjust its moisture content. Then, the hydraulic pump station is driven to operate, which in turn drives the hydraulic bladder to increase pressure. During the expansion process, the bladder drives the extrusion plate to increase the pressure on the simulated filler, thereby simulating the mechanical changes caused by geological structure deformation. At the same time, an ultrasonic vibration mechanism applies alternating vibration force to the simulated filler to simulate the impact of mechanical vibration on geological structure deformation. Finally, the simulated filler indirectly applies the pressure applied by the extrusion plate and the mechanical vibration force to the simulated roadway support structure and maintains the pressure. The deformation, cracks, and crack development status of the simulated filler and the simulated roadway support structure under external force during the pressure maintenance process are observed and detected.

[0020] S3, Data Conversion: After completing the S2 detection work, the data obtained from the detection is magnified proportionally according to the reduction ratio of step S1 to obtain the impact resistance parameters of the tunnel support system under actual geological conditions, providing data support for subsequent site actual detection.

[0021] This invention provides a testing device and method for the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures. This invention is highly integrated, modular, and automated. On the one hand, it can effectively meet the needs of simulation operations for roadway support systems under various complex geological conditions, with high equipment versatility and comprehensive utilization. On the other hand, during operation, it can achieve low-cost and efficient simulation of the effectiveness, design defects, and damage changes of roadway support systems under ground stress, thus providing preliminary experimental data for actual on-site support experiments in roadways, improving the efficiency and accuracy of on-site experimental operations, and reducing experimental costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the test shell in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel simulation support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel simulation support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for testing the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] 100. Testing Device for Collaborative Impact Resistance of Tunnel Support Structure; 1. Frame; 2. Test Shell; 201. Drainage Outlet; 202. Cover Plate; 203. Bottom Shell; 3. Bag; 4. Extrusion Plate; 401. Through Hole; 5. Hydraulic Pump Station; 6. Simulated Filler; 7. Tunnel Simulation Support Structure; 701. Upper Shell; 702. Bottom Plate; 703. Polymer Surface Layer; 704. First Metal Mesh; 705. Cementitious Material Matrix; 706. Second Metal Mesh; 707. Reinforcing Rib; 8. Ultrasonic Vibration Component; 9. Nozzle; 10. Spray Pump; 11. Pressure Sensor; 12. Temperature and Humidity Sensor; 13. Elastic Band; 14. Support Space; 15. Auxiliary Reinforcing Plate; 16. Monitoring Component; 1601. Track; 1602. Slider; 1603. Drive Component; 1604. Ultrasonic Flaw Detector. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device 100 of this embodiment includes a frame 1, a test shell 2, a bag 3, a compression plate 4, a hydraulic pump station 5, a simulated filling material 6, a tunnel simulation support structure 7, an ultrasonic vibration component 8, a nozzle 9, and a spray pump 10. The test shell 2 is mounted on the frame 1, and the bottom of the test shell 2 has a drain outlet 201.

[0031] Both the bladder bag 3 and the compression plate 4 are located inside the test housing 2. The bladder bag 3 is located on the inner wall of the test housing 2, and the compression plate 4 is located on the side of the bladder bag 3 facing away from the inner wall of the test housing 2. There are multiple bladder bags 3 and compression plates 4, and they correspond one-to-one. The multiple compression plates 4 define a compression space. The hydraulic pump station 5 is connected to the bladder bag 3 and is used to supply pressurized liquid into the bladder bag 3 so that the bladder bag 3 expands and squeezes the compression plate 4.

[0032] The simulated filler 6 is used to simulate the geology of the tunnel and fills the compression space. The tunnel simulation support structure 7 is located inside the simulated filler 6. The ultrasonic vibration component 8 is located on the surface of the compression plate 4 away from the bag 3 and is used to vibrate the simulated filler 6. The nozzle 9 is located inside the test shell 2 and is connected to the spray pump 10 for spraying water onto the simulated filler 6.

[0033] In use, the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device 100 of this invention simulates the geological conditions surrounding the tunnel by filling the test shell 2 with simulated filler 6. The physical and mechanical properties of the simulated filler 6 should be as close as possible to the properties of the actual tunnel rock strata. A simulated tunnel support structure 7 is installed inside the simulated filler 6. This structure can be anchor bolts, supports, steel arches, etc., to simulate the support system in an actual tunnel. An impact load is applied using a system of bladders 3 and compression plates 4. A hydraulic pump station 5 provides pressurized fluid to the bladders 3, causing them to expand and compress the compression plates 4, thereby generating an impact force on the simulated support structure. An ultrasonic vibration component 8 is used to vibrate the simulated filler 6, simulating dynamic loading caused by underground rock movement or blasting operations.

[0034] The tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device 100 of this invention can quickly evaluate the performance of different support structures without the need for time-consuming and dangerous actual testing in real tunnel environments. Laboratory testing is more economical than field testing because it avoids complex field operations and potentially high costs. The testing device allows researchers to change test parameters, such as impact force and dynamic loading frequency, thereby enabling experiments to be conducted under different geological and tunnel conditions. Testing in a controlled laboratory environment avoids the safety risks that may arise from field testing. Due to the controllability of the test conditions, more accurate and repeatable test results can be obtained, which helps in a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the tunnel support system.

[0035] In some embodiments, the volume of the tunnel simulation support structure 7 is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated filler 6, the distance between the tunnel simulation support structure 7 and the extrusion plate 4 is greater than 20% of the width of the extrusion space, and at least 70% of the tunnel simulation support structure 7 is located below the center of the extrusion space.

[0036] The volume of the simulated support structure 7 is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated fill 6. This proportion means that the simulated support structure will not occupy most of the test space, thus allowing more space to be used for the simulated fill 6, more realistically simulating the actual situation of the surrounding rock strata. This allows for a more accurate evaluation of the support structure's effect under impact, ensuring that the test results reflect the performance of the support structure in actual roadways.

[0037] The distance between the simulated support structure 7 and the extrusion plate 4 is greater than 20% of the width of the extrusion space. This condition ensures that the simulated support structure is not directly affected by the extrusion plate 4 when impact loads are applied, thus allowing its performance to be evaluated more independently. This design avoids local overloading caused by the extrusion plate 4 being too close to the support structure, ensuring a more uniform stress distribution and more reliable results in the test.

[0038] At least 70% of the simulated roadway support structure 7 is located below the center of the compression space. This condition is likely to simulate the vertical stress on the support structure in the roadway. In actual roadways, the support structure often needs to withstand the pressure of the overlying rock strata, so simulating this pressure distribution is necessary during testing. Ensuring that the stress state of the simulated support structure during testing is closer to reality allows the test results to better guide the design of actual roadway support systems.

[0039] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor 11 is provided between the bag 3 and the inner wall of the test shell 2, and a temperature and humidity sensor 12 is provided inside the test shell 2.

[0040] Pressure sensor 11 measures the pressure of the bag 3 on the compression plate 4, ensuring that the applied impact load can be accurately controlled and measured, which helps to evaluate the response of the support structure under different pressure levels. Temperature and humidity sensor 12 monitors the temperature and humidity changes inside the test shell 2, simulating the environmental conditions inside the roadway. This provides performance data of the support structure under specific temperature and humidity environments, which helps to evaluate the impact of environmental factors on the performance of the support structure.

[0041] In some embodiments, the test housing 2 includes a cover plate 202 and a bottom housing 203, with the cover plate 202 detachably mounted on the bottom housing 203.

[0042] The removability of the cover plate 202 and the bottom shell 203 allows test personnel to easily open and close the test shell 2 for maintenance, replacement, or adjustment of internal components. This improves the maintainability and flexibility of the test apparatus, facilitates routine inspections and maintenance, and reduces downtime. The removable design of the cover plate 202 simplifies the installation and replacement process of the simulation support structure, as well as the filling and cleaning of the simulation filler 6. This accelerates test preparation, allowing researchers to begin new tests more quickly and improving research efficiency.

[0043] In some embodiments, the test shell 2 is generally rectangular, and each inner wall of the test shell 2 is provided with at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates 4, which are connected by an elastic band 13. The extrusion plates 4 are provided with through holes 401 extending along their thickness direction, and the inner diameter of the through holes 401 gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

[0044] Test housing 2 features a rectangular design, which is easy to manufacture and provides stable support and uniform pressure distribution during testing. The rectangular housing better simulates the geometry of actual tunnels, improving test accuracy.

[0045] Each inner wall is provided with at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates 4, with adjacent extrusion plates 4 connected by an elastic band 13, allowing the extrusion plates 4 to have a certain relative movement when pressure is applied, while maintaining a certain distance. The elastic band 13 provides additional flexibility, allowing the extrusion plates 4 to produce local deformation as needed, more realistically simulating the nonlinear response of the tunnel strata.

[0046] The extrusion plate 4 has through holes 401 extending along its thickness direction. The inner diameter of the through holes 401 gradually decreases and then gradually increases. The shape of the through holes 401 may affect the flow characteristics of fluids (such as particles or liquid media simulating filler 6), which helps to study fluid-structure interaction.

[0047] In some embodiments, the tunnel simulation support structure 7 includes an upper shell 701 and a bottom plate 702. The bottom plate 702 is connected to the upper shell 701 and defines a support space 14. The distance from the bottom plate 702 to the edge of the upper shell 701 is greater than 5 mm. Both the upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 include a polymer surface layer 703, a first metal mesh 704, and a cementitious material matrix 705, which are stacked sequentially from the inside out. A second metal mesh 706 is provided within the cementitious material matrix 705. Both the upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 are provided with a plurality of spaced reinforcing ribs 707. One end of each reinforcing rib 707 extends into the support space 14 and the other end is placed outside the support space 14.

[0048] Both the upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 are constructed by stacking a polymer surface layer 703, a first metal mesh 704, and a cementitious material matrix 705 sequentially from the inside out, with a second metal mesh 706 also embedded within the cementitious material matrix 705. This multi-layered structure provides better mechanical properties, such as higher flexural strength, compressive strength, and impact resistance. The polymer surface layer 703 provides a certain degree of flexibility, the metal mesh increases the overall structural strength, and the cementitious material matrix 705 provides overall bonding and support. The upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 are provided with multiple spaced reinforcing ribs 707, one end of which extends into the support space 14, and the other end extends outside the support space 14. The reinforcing ribs 707 increase the overall stability of the simulated support structure, helping to resist externally applied impact loads. The reinforcing ribs 707 can effectively disperse and transfer loads, avoiding excessive local stress concentration, thereby protecting the simulated support structure from damage.

[0049] This structure is designed with multiple functions in mind, such as impact resistance, compression resistance, bending resistance, and shear resistance. This allows the simulated support structure to more comprehensively simulate the performance of real tunnel support systems under various complex conditions. The design of the simulated support structure allows for customization to meet different testing needs, such as changing the number, size, or distribution of the reinforcing ribs 707.

[0050] In some embodiments, the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance test device 100 of the present invention further includes a plurality of auxiliary reinforcing plates 15, which are disposed in the support space 14 and connected to the reinforcing ribs 707. The auxiliary reinforcing plates 15 abut against the inner wall of the upper housing 701.

[0051] Multiple auxiliary reinforcing plates 15 are disposed within the support space 14 and connected to the reinforcing ribs 707. These auxiliary reinforcing plates 15 abut against the inner wall of the upper shell 701, thereby providing additional support for the simulated support structure. The connection between the auxiliary reinforcing plates 15 and the reinforcing ribs 707, as well as their abutment against the upper shell 701, together constitute a more robust support system, contributing to improved overall rigidity of the simulated support structure. In impact resistance tests, the auxiliary reinforcing plates 15 can help disperse and absorb impact energy, reducing direct damage to the simulated support structure from impact loads. The connection between the auxiliary reinforcing plates 15 and the reinforcing ribs 707 forms a reinforcing network, which helps improve the overall mechanical properties of the simulated support structure. The reinforcing network can help optimize the stress distribution within the simulated support structure, prevent stress concentration, and extend the structure's service life. By connecting the reinforcing ribs 707 and the auxiliary reinforcing plates 15, the stability of the entire simulated support structure can be improved, especially under dynamic loads.

[0052] In some embodiments, a monitoring component 16 is provided on the frame 1. The monitoring component 16 includes a track 1601, a slider 1602, a drive component 1603, and an ultrasonic flaw detector 1604. The track 1601 is arranged around the test shell 2. The slider 1602 is slidably arranged on the track 1601. The drive component 1603 is used to drive the slider 1602 to slide. The ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 is arranged on the slider 1602 to monitor the simulated filling material 6 and the simulated roadway support structure 7.

[0053] A track 1601 is arranged around the test housing 2, and a slider 1602 is slidably mounted on the track 1601. This design allows the ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 to move around the test housing 2 for comprehensive monitoring of the simulated filling material 6 and the simulated tunnel support structure 7. The design of the track 1601 and slider 1602 ensures that the ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 can cover the entire surface of the test housing 2, guaranteeing comprehensive and blind-spot-free monitoring. A drive assembly 1603 is used to drive the slider 1602 to slide, and can be electrically, hydraulically, or mechanically driven.

[0054] An ultrasonic flaw detector 1604, mounted on a slider 1602, is used to monitor internal defects and damage to the simulated filler 6 and the simulated tunnel support structure 7. The ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 provides a non-destructive testing method that can inspect the internal structure and performance of the simulated support structure without damaging it. The ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 can monitor the condition of the simulated support structure in real time during testing, helping to promptly identify and record any potential problems.

[0055] In some embodiments, the simulated filler 6 includes at least one of coal gangue, sand, gravel, and concrete.

[0056] Coal gangue is a common industrial waste with physical and mechanical properties similar to certain types of tunnel strata. Using coal gangue as a simulated filler can simulate specific types of tunnel geological conditions, while also promoting resource recycling and environmental protection.

[0057] Sand has good fluidity and plasticity, which can simulate loose or weak geological conditions in tunnels. Using sand can simulate the support structure performance of tunnels in soft soil layers, providing a reference for tunnel support in soft soil layers.

[0058] Gravel possesses strong supporting capacity and compressive strength, and can simulate hard or medium-hard tunnel geological conditions. Using gravel can simulate the support structure performance of tunnels in hard rock strata, providing a reference for tunnel support in hard rock formations.

[0059] Concrete is a common building material whose physical and mechanical properties can be adjusted as needed. Concrete can be used to simulate special or specific tunnel geological conditions, or to create simulated fillers with specific mechanical properties.

[0060] By selecting different simulated fillers 6, researchers can simulate a variety of different tunnel geological conditions, thereby evaluating the performance of tunnel support structures under different geological conditions. This diverse selection of simulated fillers 6 makes the testing device more flexible and applicable, meeting the research needs of different tunnel geological conditions and providing more comprehensive and accurate reference data for tunnel support design and construction.

[0061] The method for testing the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures according to embodiments of the present invention includes:

[0062] Step S1, data acquisition: First, collect geological structure data of the area to be studied. Then, use simulated filler 6 to simulate and prepare the collected geological structure. According to the tunnel structure to be tested and the support design scheme, scale down and prepare the tunnel simulation support structure 7. Then, embed the prepared tunnel simulation support structure 7 into the simulated filler 6 and position it. Finally, seal the test shell 2.

[0063] This step ensures a high degree of similarity between the testing environment and actual geological conditions, improving the accuracy and practicality of the test results.

[0064] Step S2, Test Operation: After completing step S1, water is sprayed onto the simulated filler 6 through nozzle 9 to adjust the water content of the simulated filler 6. Then, the hydraulic pump station 5 is driven to run, and the hydraulic pump station 5 drives the hydraulic bag 3 to increase pressure and expand. During the expansion process, the bag 3 drives the extrusion plate 4 to increase the pressure on the simulated filler 6, thereby simulating the mechanical changes caused by geological structure deformation. At the same time, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism applies alternating vibration force to the simulated filler 6 to simulate the influence of mechanical vibration on geological structure deformation. Finally, the simulated filler 6 indirectly applies the pressure applied by the extrusion plate and the mechanical vibration force to the simulated roadway support structure 7 and maintains the pressure. The deformation, cracks, and crack development status of the simulated filler 6 and the simulated roadway support structure 7 under the action of external force are observed and detected during the pressure maintenance process.

[0065] This step, by simulating geological deformation and mechanical vibration, comprehensively evaluated the impact resistance of the tunnel support structure in complex environments, providing important reference data for tunnel support design and construction.

[0066] Step S3, data conversion: After completing the detection work in S2, the data obtained from the detection is magnified proportionally according to the reduction ratio in step S1. This yields the impact resistance parameters of the tunnel support system under actual geological conditions, providing data support for subsequent site testing.

[0067] This step transforms laboratory test results into data for practical engineering applications, providing direct data support for on-site testing and actual construction, and helping to improve the rationality and safety of tunnel support design.

[0068] The implementation of the entire testing method, by simulating actual geological conditions and construction environment, enables a comprehensive evaluation of the impact resistance of tunnel support structures in a laboratory environment, avoiding the high risks and costs of on-site testing, while improving the reliability and practicality of the test results.

[0069] This invention provides a testing device and method for the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures. This invention is highly integrated, modular, and automated. On the one hand, it can effectively meet the needs of simulation operations for roadway support systems under various complex geological conditions, with high equipment versatility and comprehensive utilization. On the other hand, during operation, it can achieve low-cost and efficient simulation of the effectiveness, design defects, and damage changes of roadway support systems under ground stress, thus providing preliminary experimental data for actual on-site support experiments in roadways, improving the efficiency and accuracy of on-site experimental operations, and reducing experimental costs.

[0070] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0071] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0072] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0073] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0074] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0075] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing device for the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures, characterized in that, include: frame; A test housing, which is mounted on the frame, has a drain outlet at its bottom; The test chamber includes a bladder, a compression plate, and a hydraulic pump station. Both the bladder and the compression plate are located inside the test chamber. The bladder is located on the inner wall of the test chamber, and the compression plate is located on the side of the bladder opposite to the inner wall of the test chamber. There are multiple bladders and compression plates, which correspond one-to-one. The multiple compression plates define a compression space. The hydraulic pump station is connected to the bladder and is used to supply pressurized liquid into the bladder to inflate the bladder and compress the compression plate. Simulated filler material, used to simulate tunnel geology and fill the compression space; A tunnel simulation support structure, wherein the tunnel simulation support structure is disposed within the simulated filling material; An ultrasonic vibration assembly is disposed on the surface of the extrusion plate opposite to the bag, for vibrating the simulated filling material; A nozzle and a spray pump, wherein the nozzle is disposed inside the test housing and connected to the spray pump for spraying water onto the simulated filler.

2. The roadway support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume of the simulated tunnel support structure is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated filler, the distance between the simulated tunnel support structure and the extrusion plate is greater than 20% of the width of the extrusion space, and at least 70% of the simulated tunnel support structure is located below the center of the extrusion space.

3. The roadway support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure sensor is provided between the bag and the inner wall of the test shell, and a temperature and humidity sensor is provided inside the test shell.

4. The test device for the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test housing includes a cover plate and a bottom shell, with the cover plate detachably mounted on the bottom shell.

5. The roadway support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test shell is generally rectangular. Each inner wall of the test shell is provided with at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates. Adjacent extrusion plates are connected by an elastic band. The extrusion plates are provided with through holes that run through their thickness direction. The inner diameter of the through holes gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

6. The roadway support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated roadway support structure includes an upper shell and a bottom plate. The bottom plate is connected to the upper shell and defines a support space. The distance from the bottom plate to the edge of the upper shell is greater than 5 mm. Both the upper shell and the bottom plate include a polymer surface layer, a first metal mesh, and a cementitious material matrix stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside. A second metal mesh is provided in the cementitious material matrix. Both the upper shell and the bottom plate are provided with a plurality of spaced reinforcing ribs. One end of each reinforcing rib extends into the support space and the other end is placed outside the support space.

7. The roadway support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes multiple auxiliary reinforcing plates, which are disposed within the support space and connected to the reinforcing ribs, and the auxiliary reinforcing plates abut against the inner wall of the upper shell.

8. The roadway support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame is equipped with a monitoring component, which includes a track, a slider, a drive component, and an ultrasonic flaw detector. The track surrounds the test shell, the slider is slidably mounted on the track, the drive component drives the slider to slide, and the ultrasonic flaw detector is mounted on the slider to monitor the simulated filling material and the simulated roadway support structure.

9. The test device for the collaborative impact resistance performance of roadway support structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated filler includes at least one of coal gangue, sand, gravel, and concrete.

10. A method for testing the synergistic impact resistance performance of roadway support structures, wherein the method is applied to the testing device for the synergistic impact resistance performance of roadway support structures as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: S1, Data Acquisition: First, geological structure data of the area to be studied is collected. Then, the collected geological structure is simulated and prepared using a simulated filling material. The simulated support structure of the tunnel is scaled down and prepared according to the tunnel structure to be tested and the support design scheme. The prepared simulated support structure is then embedded in the simulated filling material and positioned. Finally, the test shell is sealed. S2, Test Operation: After completing step S1, water is sprayed onto the simulated filler through nozzles to adjust its moisture content. Then, the hydraulic pump station is driven to operate, which in turn drives the hydraulic bladder to increase pressure and expand. During the expansion process, the bladder drives the extrusion plate to increase the pressure on the simulated filler, thereby simulating the mechanical changes caused by geological structure deformation. At the same time, alternating vibration force is applied to the simulated filler through the ultrasonic vibration component to simulate the effect of mechanical vibration on geological structure deformation. Finally, the simulated filler indirectly applies the pressure applied by the extrusion plate and the mechanical vibration force to the simulated roadway support structure and maintains pressure. The deformation, cracks, and crack development status of the simulated filler and the simulated roadway support structure under external force are observed and detected during the pressure maintenance process. S3, Data Conversion: After completing the S2 detection work, the data obtained from the detection is magnified proportionally according to the reduction ratio of step S1 to obtain the impact resistance parameters of the tunnel support system under actual geological conditions, providing data support for subsequent site actual detection.

Images