A comprehensive management method for quickly reducing alkali, improving quality and reducing emission of sodium in soda saline soil

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil agricultural utilization, and particularly relates to a comprehensive management method for rapidly reducing alkali, improving quality, fixing sodium and reducing emission of soda saline-alkali soil. The management method is as follows: after the modifier is uniformly applied to the soil, the modifier is uniformly mixed with the soil, and then crops are planted; the modifier comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of citric acid residue, 10-15 parts of biomass carbon, 8-12 parts of earthworm manure, 16-20 parts of monosodium glutamate waste powder, 0.4-0.9 parts of calcium-based molecular sieve, 0.001-0.1 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.005-0.08 parts of polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate. The management method can improve the soil physical and chemical properties of the soda saline-alkali soil, and at the same time, improve the yield of crops.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil agricultural utilization, and particularly relates to a comprehensive management method for rapidly reducing alkali, improving quality, fixing sodium and reducing emission in soda saline-alkali soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] Soda saline-alkali soil is one of the areas with concentrated distribution of saline-alkali soil in China. The salt composition is mainly composed of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, with high exchangeable sodium, high pH and high salt content, low permeability, low nutrient availability, and extreme lack of organic matter. Compared with other types of saline-alkali soil, the management and utilization of soda saline-alkali soil is the most difficult. At present, the main management technologies include alkali reduction and salt control, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement technologies, including water conservancy projects, agronomic measures, irrigation leaching, chemical improvement, guest soil improvement, and rice planting in saline-alkali soil.

[0003] Compared with other improvement measures, chemical improvement, organic matter improvement, and rice planting technology in saline-alkali soil are widely used. Chemical improvement leads to an increase in soil salinity due to the addition of salt, so it is necessary to drain a large amount of water to wash the salt. The main salt ions drained are sodium ions and nutrient substances such as organic matter. In order to prevent water pollution, the problem needs to be solved at the source of the paddy field. First, the improvement material needs to be environmentally safe, and the sodium ions replaced need to be fixed in the soil, and the nutrient materials such as organic matter need to be settled, so as to ensure the quality of the drainage water and reduce the amount of drainage. Chemical improvement, mainly the improvement method of gypsum, replaces the sodium ions adsorbed in the soil colloid, reduces the dispersion of soil clay particles, and improves the soil structure to achieve the purpose of improvement by rapidly reducing soil salinity. Desulfurized gypsum and phosphogypsum are industrial waste, which contains heavy metal ions and can pollute the soil.

[0004] Rice is a crop suitable for flooding cultivation, especially for planting in saline-alkali soil. As a crop suitable for planting in saline-alkali soil, there are differences in salt-tolerant ability among rice varieties, and some varieties can grow well in soil conditions with high pH and salt content. However, in order to maximize the production potential of rice in saline-alkali soil, effective soil improvement measures and technical means still need to be combined to optimize the planting conditions.

[0005] Therefore, a comprehensive management method for rapidly reducing alkali, improving quality, fixing sodium and reducing emission is needed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a comprehensive management method for rapidly reducing alkali, improving quality, fixing sodium and reducing emission in soda saline-alkali soil.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A comprehensive management method for quickly reducing alkali, improving quality and reducing sodium emission in soda saline soil, the management method is: after the modifier is uniformly applied to the soil, the modifier is uniformly mixed with the soil, and then crops are planted; the modifier comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of citric acid residue, 50-100 parts of biogas liquid, 10-15 parts of biomass carbon, 8-12 parts of earthworm manure, 16-20 parts of monosodium glutamate waste material powder, 0.4-0.9 parts of calcium-based molecular sieve, 0.001-0.1 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.005-0.08 parts of polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) The monosodium glutamate waste material is dried to a water content of less than 5wt%, crushed to obtain monosodium glutamate waste material powder, and then the biomass carbon and the compound microbial agent are added and uniformly mixed to perform aerobic fermentation, and then dried to obtain fermentation product A;

[0011] (2) The citric acid residue is ground, and then the biogas liquid and the earthworm manure are added and uniformly mixed to perform anaerobic fermentation, and then dried to obtain fermentation product B;

[0012] (3) The fermentation product A, the fermentation product B, the calcium-based molecular sieve, the zinc sulfate and the polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate are uniformly mixed to obtain the modifier.

[0013] Preferably, the compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides and Trichoderma reesei.

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides and Trichoderma reesei is 1:(1.2-1.4):(0.5-0.7).

[0015] The fermentation of the compound microbial agent after the mixing of the monosodium glutamate waste material and the biomass carbon can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soda saline soil and increase the yield of rice.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the biogas liquid to the citric acid residue is 1:(0.4-0.7).

[0017] Preferably, the compound microbial agent accounts for 0.1%-0.5% of the mass of the monosodium glutamate waste material powder.

[0018] Preferably, the biomass carbon is selected from one or more of crop straws and rice husks.

[0019] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation conditions are as follows: the pile height is 1-2 meters, a breathable film is covered, aerobic fermentation is performed for 15-20 days, and the pile is turned over every 2-3 days.

[0020] The application can improve the physical and chemical properties of soda saline-alkali soil and increase the yield of rice by fermenting the citric acid residue and the earthworm manure with biogas slurry. The bacteria in the biogas slurry can generate small molecule acids during the fermentation of the citric acid residue in the biogas slurry. After the citric acid residue is mixed with the earthworm manure and fermented by the biogas slurry, the C / N is adjusted to a more ideal range, which can promote the mineralization of organic matter and increase the yield of rice.

[0021] Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation condition is that the anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 25-30 DEG C for 35-50 days.

[0022] Preferably, the crop is rice.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The citric acid residue used in the application is an industrial waste residue generated during the acidolysis of citric acid by sulfuric acid. The citric acid residue contains a high content of free water, a certain amount of residual acid and organic matter. The gypsum in the citric acid residue is subjected to calcium-sodium replacement, the residual acid activates the endogenous calcium in the soil, and acid-base neutralization is carried out. The calcium-based molecular sieve can provide calcium ions to replace sodium ions in the soil, and can also fix the replaced sodium ions in the molecular sieve framework, thereby reducing the emission of sodium ions. The polyaluminum ferric sulfate has good flocculation and precipitation performance. In the application, the polyaluminum ferric sulfate is used to precipitate the organic matter nutrients in the field surface water in the soil, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients such as organic matter and reducing the environmental risk.

[0025] 2. The application can improve the physical and chemical properties of soda saline-alkali soil and increase the yield of rice by fermenting the citric acid residue and the earthworm manure with biogas slurry. The bacteria in the biogas slurry can generate small molecule acids during the fermentation of the citric acid residue in the biogas slurry. After the citric acid residue is mixed with the earthworm manure and fermented by the biogas slurry, the C / N is adjusted to a more ideal range, which can promote the mineralization of organic matter and increase the yield of rice. Improving the physical and chemical properties of soda saline-alkali soil and increasing the yield of rice has an important role in ensuring food security and promoting regional economic development, and also has important significance for achieving the goals of environmental protection and sustainable development. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0027] The raw materials used in the following embodiments of the application are all commercially available goods.

[0028] The citric acid residue is a waste residue after the acidolysis of citric acid by sulfuric acid. It is from COFCO Bioenergy (Yushu) Co., Ltd.

[0029] Calcium-based molecular sieve, Luoyang Jianlong Micro-nano New Material Co., Ltd.

[0030] Polyaluminum ferric sulfate, Henan Maoxing Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0031] Bacillus subtilis, item number HZB119293, Wuhan Gray Algae Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Branch.

[0032] Bacillus mucilaginosus, item number HZB224102, Wuhan Gray Algae Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Branch.

[0033] Trichoderma reesei, item number HZB120452, Wuhan Gray Algae Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Branch.

[0034] Bacillus licheniformis, item number HZB112656, Wuhan Gray Algae Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Branch.

[0035] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, item number HZB119296, Wuhan Gray Algae Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Branch.

[0036] Actinomyces, item number HZB125428, Wuhan Gray Algae Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Branch.

[0037] Biogas slurry, Daqing Bolun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0038] Monosodium glutamate waste refers to by-products generated in the processing of monosodium glutamate, and the main component is glutamic acid residue (monosodium glutamate production residue), from Jilin Meihuahydroxy Acid Co., Ltd.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The embodiment provides a soda saline-alkali soil rapid alkali reduction, quality improvement, sodium fixation and emission reduction comprehensive treatment method, the treatment method is: evenly applying the modifier into the soil, then evenly mixing the modifier with the soil, the depth of the soil mixed with the modifier is 15 cm, and then planting crops; the modifier comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 34 parts of citric acid residue, 12 parts of biomass carbon, 10 parts of earthworm manure, 17 parts of monosodium glutamate waste powder, 0.6 parts of calcium-based molecular sieve, 0.02 parts of zinc sulfate, and 0.015 parts of polyaluminum ferric sulfate.

[0041] The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) Dry the monosodium glutamate waste to a moisture content of 4wt%, crush to obtain monosodium glutamate waste powder, add biomass carbon and compound microbial agent, add water, mix uniformly, so that the moisture content reaches 60wt%, the stacking height is 1.5 meters, cover with breathable film, carry out aerobic fermentation for 17 days, turn over every 3 days, dry to constant weight at 60℃ constant temperature and 60r / min stirring speed, obtain fermentation product A; the compound microbial agent includes bacillus subtilis, bacillus mycoides, trichoderma reesei. The compound microbial agent accounts for 0.2% of the mass of the monosodium glutamate waste powder. The weight ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mycoides and trichoderma reesei is 1:1.3:0.6.

[0043] (2) Grind the citric acid residue to a particle size of less than 50 mesh, add biogas slurry separated from the biogas tank, the mass ratio of biogas slurry to citric acid residue is 1:0.5; add earthworm manure, mix uniformly, anaerobic fermentation at 27℃ for 40 days, dry to constant weight at 80℃ constant temperature and 100r / min stirring speed, obtain fermentation product B;

[0044] (3) Mix fermentation product A, fermentation product B, calcium-based molecular sieve, zinc sulfate and polyaluminum ferric sulfate uniformly to obtain the modifier.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The embodiment provides a comprehensive management method for quickly reducing alkali, improving quality, fixing sodium and reducing emission of soda saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: uniformly applying the modifier to the soil, uniformly mixing the modifier with the soil, the depth of the soil mixed with the modifier is 15cm, and then planting crops; the modifier comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of citric acid residue, 15 parts of biomass carbon, 8 parts of earthworm manure, 20 parts of monosodium glutamate waste, 0.4 parts of calcium-based molecular sieve, 0.03 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.01 parts of polyaluminum ferric sulfate.

[0047] The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) Dry the monosodium glutamate waste to a moisture content of 4wt%, crush to obtain monosodium glutamate waste powder, add biomass carbon and compound microbial agent, add water, mix uniformly, so that the moisture content reaches 60wt%, the stacking height is 2 meters, cover with breathable film, carry out aerobic fermentation for 15 days, turn over every 3 days, dry to constant weight at 60℃ constant temperature and 60r / min stirring speed, obtain fermentation product A; the compound microbial agent includes bacillus subtilis, bacillus mycoides, trichoderma reesei. The compound microbial agent accounts for 0.2% of the mass of the monosodium glutamate waste powder. The weight ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mycoides and trichoderma reesei is 1:1.2:0.7.

[0049] (2) The lemon acid residue is ground to a particle size of less than 50 mesh, and the biogas slurry separated from the biogas tank is added, and the mass ratio of the biogas slurry to the lemon acid residue is 1:0.4; the earthworm manure is added and uniformly mixed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 30°C for 3 days, and then drying is carried out at a constant temperature of 80°C and a stirring speed of 100 r / min until the constant weight is reached, to obtain fermentation product B;

[0050] (3) The fermentation product A, the fermentation product B, the calcium-based molecular sieve, the zinc sulfate and the polyaluminum ferric sulfate are uniformly mixed to obtain the modifier.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] The embodiment provides a comprehensive management method for quickly reducing alkali, improving quality, fixing sodium and reducing emission of soda saline-alkali soil, the management method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying the modifier to the soil, uniformly mixing the modifier with the soil, the depth of the soil mixed with the modifier is 15 cm, and then planting crops; the modifier comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of lemon acid residue, 10 parts of biomass carbon, 12 parts of earthworm manure, 16 parts of monosodium glutamate waste powder, 0.9 parts of calcium-based molecular sieve, 0.01 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.02 parts of polyaluminum ferric sulfate.

[0053] The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:

[0054] (1) The monosodium glutamate waste is dried to a water content of 4wt%, and then crushed to obtain monosodium glutamate waste powder, biomass carbon and a compound microbial agent are added, water is added, and uniform mixing is performed to make the water content reach 60wt%, the pile height is 1 meter, a breathable film is covered, aerobic fermentation is performed for 20 days, the pile is turned over every 2 days, drying is performed at a constant temperature of 60°C and a stirring speed of 60 r / min until the constant weight is reached, to obtain fermentation product A; the compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides and Trichoderma reesei, and the compound microbial agent accounts for 0.3% of the mass of the monosodium glutamate waste powder; the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides and Trichoderma reesei is 1:1.4:0.5.

[0055] (2) The lemon acid residue is ground to a particle size of less than 50 mesh, and the biogas slurry separated from the biogas tank is added, and the mass ratio of the biogas slurry to the lemon acid residue is 1:0.7; the earthworm manure is added and uniformly mixed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 30°C for 45 days, and then drying is carried out at a constant temperature of 80°C and a stirring speed of 100 r / min until the constant weight is reached, to obtain fermentation product B;

[0056] (3) The fermentation product A, the fermentation product B, the calcium-based molecular sieve, the zinc sulfate and the polyaluminum ferric sulfate are uniformly mixed to obtain the modifier.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] The difference between the comparative example and Example 1 is that the earthworm manure is replaced by chicken manure.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that anaerobic fermentation is not performed.

[0061] A comprehensive management method for quickly reducing alkali, improving quality and reducing sodium emission in soda saline soil, the management method is: uniformly applying the modifier into the soil, then uniformly mixing the modifier with the soil, the depth of the soil mixed with the modifier is 15 cm, and then planting crops; the modifier comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 34 parts of citric acid residue, 12 parts of biomass carbon, 10 parts of earthworm manure, 17 parts of monosodium glutamate waste powder, 0.6 parts of calcium-based molecular sieve, 0.02 parts of zinc sulfate, and 0.015 parts of polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate.

[0062] The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:

[0063] (1) drying the monosodium glutamate waste to a water content of 4 wt%, crushing to obtain monosodium glutamate waste powder, adding biomass carbon and a composite microbial agent, adding water, uniformly mixing to a water content of 60 wt%, stacking to a height of 1.5 meters, covering a breathable film, and performing aerobic fermentation for 17 days, turning over every 3 days, and drying to a constant weight at a constant temperature of 60°C and a stirring speed of 60 r / min to obtain fermentation product A; the composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, and Trichoderma reesei. The composite microbial agent accounts for 0.2% of the mass of the monosodium glutamate waste powder. The weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, and Trichoderma reesei is 1:1.3:0.6.

[0064] (2) uniformly mixing the fermentation product A, citric acid residue, earthworm manure, calcium-based molecular sieve, zinc sulfate, and polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate to obtain the modifier.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite microbial agent is replaced by Bacillus subtilis.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma reesei. The weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma reesei is 1:0.6.

[0069] Comparative Example 5

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and actinomycetes. The weight ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and actinomycetes is 1:1.3:0.6.

[0071] Comparative Example 6

[0072] The difference between the present comparative example and Example 1 is that the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Trichoderma reesei is 0.6:1:1.2.

[0073] Performance test

[0074] Rice was planted in the soda saline-alkali soil in Daqing City, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil sample (0-20 cm) were determined before planting. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1 Basic physicochemical properties of soil samples

[0076] ;

[0077] Rice was planted in the soda saline-alkali soil, and the group without using the modifier was used as the control group, and the remaining groups used Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, each group had 3 repetitions, and each repetition had 24 m 2 .

[0078] The variety of rice was Longdao 124. 300 kg / acre of soil modifier was evenly spread on the ground, rotary plowing was performed to 15 cm, irrigation water was used to dissolve the salt content, after drainage, base fertilizer was applied at a dosage of 23 kg / acre, rotary plowing was performed again to 15 cm, and the soil was kept moist; in the middle of April, each tray was sowed with 100 grams, and when transplanting, the row spacing was generally 30 cm x 14 cm, and 7 plants were transplanted in each hole. The group without using the modifier was used as the control group. The other planting processes were performed according to the conventional planting method.

[0079] The yield was measured at the mature stage of the rice, and the soil sample (0-15 cm) was collected, and the soil physicochemical indexes were determined. Using a soil sampler, 5 points (depths including 0 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm, and 15 cm) were randomly taken, the collected soil samples were naturally air-dried (to ensure the water content was the same as before planting), sieved through a 2 mm sieve, and then sealed and stored in a plastic bag for determination of the soil indexes. At the same time, the yield per mu of rice was determined. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0080] Table 2 Performance test results

[0081] ;

[0082] As can be seen from Table 2, the modifier of Examples 1-3 can better improve the physicochemical properties of the soda saline-alkali soil, and at the same time, can improve the yield of rice.

[0083] It can be found from Comparative Example 1 that the effect of the modifier of the present application using earthworm manure is better than that of chicken manure. The analysis is that the contents of humic acid, fulvic acid and stable organic acid in earthworm manure are higher. In the fermentation process, the organic acid of citric acid residue and the clay mineral in earthworm manure generate humic acid-clay complex, and after the formation of humic acid-clay complex, the available phosphorus (PO4 3-), potassium (K + ) release period is prolonged, and the matching degree with the rice fertilizer requirement curve (jointing to grain filling period) is higher.

[0084] In the comparative example 2, the citric acid residue and earthworm manure are not fermented, the improvement effect of the modifier on the soil physical and chemical properties of the soda saline-alkali soil is reduced, and the yield of rice is reduced.

[0085] In the comparative examples 3-6, the types and proportions of the compound microbial agent are changed, the improvement effect of the modifier on the soil physical and chemical properties of the soda saline-alkali soil is reduced, and the yield of rice is reduced.

[0086] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive treatment method for rapidly reducing alkali, improving soil quality, fixing sodium, and reducing emissions in soda-alkali land, characterized in that: The treatment method is as follows: after uniformly applying the soil conditioner, mix the conditioner and soil evenly, and then plant crops; the conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts citric acid residue, 50-100 parts biogas slurry, 10-15 parts biomass carbon, 8-12 parts earthworm castings, 16-20 parts monosodium glutamate by-product powder, 0.4-0.9 parts calcium-based molecular sieve, 0.001-0.1 parts zinc sulfate, and 0.005-0.08 parts polyaluminum ferric sulfate; The preparation method of the modifier includes the following steps: (1) Dry and crush the monosodium glutamate (MSG) by-products to obtain MSG by-product powder. Add biomass charcoal and compound microbial agent, mix evenly, carry out aerobic fermentation, and dry to obtain fermentation product A. The compound microbial agent accounts for 0.1%-0.5% of the mass of MSG by-product powder. The compound microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Trichoderma reesei. The weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Trichoderma reesei is 1:(1.2-1.4):(0.5-0.7). The aerobic fermentation conditions are: stack height of 1-2 meters, covered with a breathable membrane, and aerobic fermentation for 15-20 days, turning the stack every 2-3 days. (2) After grinding the citric acid residue, add biogas slurry and earthworm castings, mix evenly, carry out anaerobic fermentation, dry, and obtain fermentation product B. The mass ratio of biogas slurry to citric acid residue is 1:(0.4-0.7). The anaerobic fermentation conditions are: anaerobic fermentation at 25-30℃ for 35-50 days. (3) Mix fermentation product A, fermentation product B, calcium-based molecular sieve, zinc sulfate, and polyaluminum ferric sulfate evenly to obtain the improver.

2. The comprehensive treatment method for rapid alkali reduction, quality improvement, sodium fixation, and emission reduction in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Biomass carbon is selected from one or more of crop straw and rice husks.

3. The comprehensive treatment method for rapid alkali reduction, quality improvement, sodium fixation, and emission reduction in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crop in question is rice.