Rape pod seed shunting and collecting device and rape low-loss harvesting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rape pod seed shunting and collecting device and a rape low-loss harvesting method. The device comprises a threshing roller and a granary, a plurality of threshing tooth mounting rods are mounted in a threshing interval of the threshing roller around a main shaft, flexible threshing teeth are mounted on the front sections of the threshing tooth mounting rods, rigid threshing teeth are mounted on the rear sections of the threshing tooth mounting rods, cylinders are arranged at the front ends of the flexible threshing teeth, and the material facing surfaces of the front ends of the cylinders are arranged to be circular arcs; below the threshing section, a grain collecting groove is formed corresponding to the flexible threshing tooth mounting area, and a pod collecting groove is formed corresponding to the rigid threshing tooth mounting area; the grain bin comprises a grain bin and a capsule bin, the grain collecting tank is communicated with the grain bin through a first auger, and the capsule collecting tank is communicated with the capsule bin through a second auger. Impact force on immature oilseed rape siliques can be reduced through the flexible threshing teeth, the immature oilseed rape siliques are prevented from being excessively threshed and broken, the immature oilseed rape siliques can be reserved, threshing is conducted after afterripening, and therefore the threshing loss rate in the oilseed rape combined harvesting process can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a rapeseed mechanized combine harvester, and in particular to a rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device and a rapeseed low-loss harvesting method. Background Art

[0002] Rapeseed combine harvesters are currently a key research area. Because rapeseed is an asexual crop, seed maturity varies. For example, at harvest, most siliques reach full maturity, while some remain in the yellow or green stages. These siliques have a high moisture content and are less susceptible to cracking. Furthermore, rigid threshing teeth are commonly used during rapeseed harvesting, leading to high threshing losses during the rapeseed combine harvesting process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in view of the high threshing loss rate in the rapeseed combine harvesting process, the present invention provides a rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device and a rapeseed low-loss harvesting method that can reduce the threshing loss rate in the rapeseed combine harvesting process and improve the quality of rapeseed combine harvesting.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A device for collecting rapeseed pods and seeds, comprising a threshing drum and a grain bin, wherein the front end of the main shaft of the threshing drum is equipped with spiral blades for inputting rapeseed stems, and the rear end of the main shaft of the threshing drum serves as a threshing zone. The structural features of the device are as follows:

[0006] A plurality of threshing tooth mounting rods are installed around the main shaft in the threshing interval, the front section of the threshing tooth mounting rod is installed with flexible threshing teeth, and the rear section is installed with rigid threshing teeth, and the front end of the flexible threshing teeth is a cylinder, the front end material-facing surface of the cylinder is set as an arc, and the arc is an elliptical trajectory. A rectangular coordinate system is established with the center of the ellipse, and the mathematical expression of the curve is:

[0007]

[0008] Below the threshing section, a grain collecting trough is provided corresponding to the installation area of ​​the flexible threshing teeth, and a pod collecting trough is provided corresponding to the installation area of ​​the rigid threshing teeth;

[0009] The granary includes a grain bin and a pod bin, the grain collecting trough is connected to the grain bin via a first auger, and the pod collecting trough is connected to the pod bin via a second auger.

[0010] The device of the present invention installs flexible threshing teeth with relatively small impact force at the front section of the threshing interval of the threshing drum to thresh mature pods, and at the same time uses the flexible threshing teeth to reduce the impact force on immature rapeseed pods (rapeseed pods in the yellow-ripe stage and green-ripe stage) passing through, thereby avoiding excessive threshing and breakage of the immature rapeseed pods; the device of the present invention installs rigid threshing teeth with relatively large impact force at the rear section of the threshing interval of the threshing drum to separate the immature rapeseed pods conveyed by the flexible threshing teeth from the rapeseed stems, and threshes them after they are ripe, thereby improving the rapeseed threshing quality and reducing the threshing loss rate.

[0011] A further improvement of the above scheme is that the first augers include a first augers reversing body and a first vertical augers, one end of the first augers reversing body is connected to the discharge port of the grain collecting trough, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the first vertical augers, and the upper end of the first vertical augers is connected to the first grain inlet of the grain bin; the second augers include a second augers reversing body and a second vertical augers, one end of the second augers reversing body is connected to the discharge port of the pod collecting trough, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the second vertical augers, and the upper end of the second vertical augers is connected to the second grain inlet of the pod bin.

[0012] A further improvement of the above solution is that a first observation window is provided on the grain bin and a second observation window is provided on the pod bin to facilitate observation of the storage conditions in the grain bin and the pod bin so as to carry out corresponding processing in a timely manner.

[0013] A further improvement of the above scheme is that a first grain discharge port is provided on the grain bin, and the first grain discharge port is connected to the grain unloading port of the harvester through a third auger; a second grain discharge port for discharging fruit pods is provided on the pod bin.

[0014] A further improvement of the above solution is that the installation length of the flexible threshing teeth accounts for 40% to 60% of the total length of the threshing section, so that the mature rapeseed pods can be fully threshed.

[0015] A further improvement of the above solution is that the flexible threshing teeth are made of a polyurethane-rubber composite with a Shore hardness HA of 60-75.

[0016] A further improvement of the above scheme is that the rear end of the flexible threshing tooth is provided with an installation inner hole, the flexible threshing tooth is sleeved on the front end of the installation bottom rod through the installation inner hole, and the flexible threshing tooth and the installation bottom rod are fastened together by fasteners, and the rear end of the installation bottom rod is fixedly connected to the threshing tooth mounting rod to facilitate the replacement and maintenance of the flexible threshing tooth.

[0017] A further improvement of the above solution is that the mounting bottom rod is made of 65Mn spring steel.

[0018] A further improvement of the above solution is that the rigid threshing teeth are made of 65Mn spring steel with a yield strength of 800 to 1200 MPa.

[0019] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for low-loss rapeseed harvesting based on the rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device, which comprises the following steps:

[0020] When the main shaft of the threshing drum rotates, the rapeseed stems enter the threshing zone through the spiral blades for threshing. The seeds in the fully mature rapeseed siliques are impacted and rubbed by the flexible threshing teeth and then fall out. The rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green mature stages first collide with the flexible threshing teeth and then fall off from the rapeseed stems after being impacted and rubbed by the rigid threshing teeth.

[0021] Taking advantage of the after-ripening characteristics of rapeseed, the rapeseed pods at the yellow and green stages are subjected to after-ripening treatment: the rapeseed pods at the yellow and green stages are spread out and naturally air-dried for 3 to 5 days to promote the dehydration and after-ripening of the seeds and pods;

[0022] When the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages are dried until the moisture content of the grains and pods drops to 15% to 20%, the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages are collected and threshed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a threshing drum according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a rigid threshing tooth.

[0026] Figure 3 The present invention is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a flexible threshing tooth, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the size of the flexible threshing tooth, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the size of the arc of the flexible threshing tooth.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of installing the bottom bar.

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the installation range of flexible threshing teeth and rigid threshing teeth.

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the granary component.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the granary component.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the usage status of an embodiment of the present invention in combination with a harvester.

[0032] In the figure: A, grain unloading port; B, threshing drum; C, grain silo; D, chassis; E, grain separating device; F, reel; 1, spiral blade; 2, mounting bottom rod; 3, fastener; 4, flexible threshing tooth; 5, rigid threshing tooth; 6, main shaft; 7, threshing tooth mounting rod; 8, grain bin; 9, pod bin; 10, first auger; 11, second auger; 12, second grain discharge port; 13, third auger; 21, working part; 23, second through hole; 41, cylinder; 42, mounting inner hole; 43, first through hole; 44, circular arc; 51, working part; 52, fixed part; 81, first grain inlet connection; 82, first observation window; 91, second grain inlet; 92, second observation window; 101, first auger reversing body; 102, first vertical auger; 111, second auger reversing body; 112, second vertical auger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereby.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections; they may refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] like Figure 8 As shown, an embodiment of the rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device of the present invention includes a threshing drum B and a grain bin C.

[0037] See also Figure 1 - Figure 5The threshing drum B is mainly composed of a spiral blade 1, a mounting bottom rod 2, a fastener 3, a flexible threshing tooth 4, a rigid threshing tooth 5, a main shaft 6, a threshing tooth mounting rod 7, etc., wherein the front end of the main shaft 6 is installed with a spiral blade 1 for inputting rapeseed stems, and the rear end of the main shaft 6 serves as a threshing interval. A plurality of threshing tooth mounting rods 7 are installed around the main shaft 6 in the threshing interval. The front section of the threshing tooth mounting rod 6 is installed with a flexible threshing tooth 4, and the rear section is installed with a rigid threshing tooth 5, and the front end of the flexible threshing tooth 4 is set to a circular arc 44. The circular arc 44 is an elliptical trajectory. A rectangular coordinate system is established with the center of the ellipse. The mathematical expression of the curve is:

[0038] Below the threshing interval, a grain collecting trough (not shown) is provided corresponding to the flexible threshing tooth installation area, and a pod collecting trough (not shown) is provided corresponding to the rigid threshing tooth installation area.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the material of the rigid threshing tooth 5 is 65Mn spring steel, with a total length of 130 mm, a front end thereof being a working portion 51 and a rear end being a fixed portion 52, an outer diameter of the working portion 51 being 12 mm and a length being 70 mm, and a threaded arrangement being arranged on the fixed portion 52.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the flexible threshing tooth 4 is a cylindrical elastomer made of a polyurethane-rubber composite with a Shore A hardness of 60-75. The front working portion is configured as a cylinder 41 with a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 33 mm. The rear mounting portion defines a mounting inner hole 42. The mounting inner hole 42 is a sleeve with an inner diameter of 12 mm, a depth of 30 mm, and a height of 33 mm. A first through hole 43 with a diameter of 4 mm is machined on the axis 15 mm from the root of the flexible threshing tooth for assembling the flexible threshing tooth 4 with the mounting base 2.

[0041] To increase the protection of immature rapeseed siliques, e.g. Figure 4 As shown, the mounting base rod 2 is made of 65Mn spring steel, with a front end serving as a working portion 21 and a rear end serving as a fixed portion 22. The working portion 21 has an outer diameter of 12 mm and a length of 30 mm. A second through hole 23 with a diameter of 4 mm is machined on the axis of the working portion 21, 15 mm from its top, and a thread 24 is arranged on the fixed portion. When the mounting base rod 2 is assembled with the flexible threshing tooth 4, the flexible threshing tooth 4 is sleeved onto the working portion 21 of the mounting base rod 2 through the mounting inner hole 42 and is overfitted. The first through hole 43 is connected to the second through hole 23 by a fastener 3. In this embodiment, the fastener 3 is an M4×24 mm bolt and nut.

[0042] like Figure 5As shown, in order to ensure that the mature pods are fully threshed, the installation length of the flexible threshing teeth 4 accounts for 40% to 60% of the total length of the threshing interval.

[0043] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the granary C includes a grain bin 8 and a pod bin 9. The grain collecting trough is connected to the grain bin 8 via a first auger 10, and the pod collecting trough is connected to the pod bin 9 via a second auger 11. The first auger 10 includes a first auger reversing body 101 and a first vertical auger 102. One end of the first auger reversing body 101 is connected to the discharge port of the grain collecting trough, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the first vertical auger 102. The upper end of the first vertical auger 102 is connected to the first grain inlet 81 of the grain bin 8. The second auger 11 includes a second auger reversing body 111 and a second vertical auger 112. One end of the second auger reversing body 111 is connected to the discharge port of the pod collecting trough, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the second vertical auger 112. The upper end of the second vertical auger 112 is connected to the second grain inlet 91 of the pod bin 9.

[0044] In order to facilitate observation of the situation in the granary, a first observation window 82 is provided on the grain bin 8 and a second observation window 92 is provided on the pod bin 9.

[0045] To facilitate grain unloading, a first grain discharge port (not shown) is provided on the grain bin 8, which is connected to the grain discharge port A of the harvester via a third auger 13; a second grain discharge port 12 for discharging pods is provided on the pod bin 9.

[0046] Since most rapeseed is in the mature stage during combine harvesting, there are relatively more mature rapeseed grains. Therefore, the grain bin 8 is designed to be larger than the pod bin 9. The width of the pod bin 9 is 550 mm, and the width of the grain bin 8 is 700 mm.

[0047] like Figure 8 As shown, the threshing drum and the grain bin of the present invention are both installed on an air-blown rapeseed combine harvester and used in conjunction with other components of the harvester. The specific rapeseed harvesting method mainly includes harvesting period selection, machine parameter setting, and post-ripening treatment method.

[0048] (1) Harvest time selection: When rapeseed enters the late yellow ripening stage to the early ripening stage (about 70% to 80% of the pods of the whole plant are yellow, and the moisture content of the grains is 15% to 20%), the best time to harvest is in the morning, on a cloudy day or in the evening.

[0049] (2) Machine parameters:

[0050] ① Rapeseed combine harvester header: The header height is adjusted according to the field conditions, 25-35cm for upright plants and 15-25cm for lodging plants;

[0051] ② Reel: The speed is 15-25 r / min, and the gap between the spring teeth is 5-10 cm to prevent hitting the siliques;

[0052] ③Threshing drum: The speed is 500-800r / min to ensure threshing effect and reduce losses;

[0053] ④ Concave plate screen: adjust the threshing gap to 8-12mm to ensure clean threshing and reduce impurities;

[0054] ⑤ Cleaning fan: air volume 1200~1800m 3 / h;

[0055] ⑥ Cleaning screen: When the upper screen uses a fish scale screen, the opening is adjusted to 8-12mm. When using a punching screen, the aperture is recommended to be 8-10mm. The opening of the lower screen of the cleaning screen is controlled at 2-3mm.

[0056] (3) Post-ripening treatment method: Taking advantage of the post-ripening characteristics of rapeseed, the green pods obtained from the pod and seed collection device are spread out and naturally air-dried for 3-5 days to promote the dehydration and post-ripening of the seeds and pods. Be careful to avoid soaking in rain. If it rains, cover it in time to prevent moisture.

[0057] During the specific operation, the main shaft 6 of the threshing drum rotates, driving the installation bottom rod 2, the flexible threshing teeth 4, the rigid threshing teeth 5 and the threshing tooth installation rod 7 to rotate, and at the same time the rapeseed stems enter the threshing interval through the spiral blades 1 for threshing; the grains in the fully mature rapeseed pods are first knocked out by the impact and rubbing of the flexible threshing teeth 4, and the knocked-out grains are collected by the grain collecting trough and transported to the first auger reversing body 101 through the first horizontal auger, and then transported upward through the first vertical auger 102, and enter the grain bin 8 through the first grain inlet 81 of the grain bin 8; The seeds in the rapeseed pods in the mature and green mature stages are not easy to crack due to their high water content, but the seeds are easily broken by force. Therefore, the present invention is specially designed to first collide with the flexible threshing teeth that can reduce the direct impact force of threshing to reduce the dislodging and breakage and retain the seeds. Then, they are impacted and rubbed by the rigid threshing teeth 5 and fall off the rapeseed stems. The fallen pods are collected by the pod collection trough and transported to the second auger reversing body 111 by the second horizontal auger, and then transported upward by the second vertical auger 112 and enter the pod bin 9 through the second grain inlet 91 of the pod bin 9. During this process, the grain bin situation can be observed through the first observation window 82 and the second observation window 92. When the bin is full, the machine will stop and unload the grain. The rapeseed pods in the yellow mature and green mature stages are released through the second grain discharge port 12, and the mature grains are transported to the grain discharge port of the combine harvester through the third auger 13 to achieve classified collection of mature grains and pods.

[0058] The collected rapeseed pods in the yellow and green ripe stages are subjected to after-ripening treatment by utilizing the after-ripening characteristics of rapeseed: the rapeseed pods in the yellow and green ripe stages are spread out and naturally air-dried for 3 to 5 days to promote the dehydration and after-ripening of the grains and pods. During the process, care should be taken to avoid being soaked in rainwater. If it rains, it should be covered in time to prevent moisture.

[0059] When the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages are dried until the moisture content of the grains and pods drops to 15% to 20%, the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages are collected and threshed.

[0060] Since the device of the present invention can avoid damage to the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages through the flexible threshing teeth 4, and then use the rigid threshing teeth 5 to separate them from the rapeseed stems, and then use the after-ripening characteristics of rapeseed to collect and thresh the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages when the moisture content is reduced to 15% to 20%, the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages are greatly reduced. Therefore, the present invention can greatly reduce the loss rate of rapeseed combine harvesting and improve the quality of rapeseed combine harvesting.

[0061] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiment in accordance with the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for collecting rapeseed pods and seeds, comprising a threshing drum and a grain bin, wherein the front end of the main shaft of the threshing drum is equipped with spiral blades for feeding rapeseed stems, and the rear end of the main shaft of the threshing drum serves as a threshing zone, characterized in that: A plurality of threshing tooth mounting rods are installed around the main shaft in the threshing interval, the front section of the threshing tooth mounting rod is installed with flexible threshing teeth, and the rear section is installed with rigid threshing teeth, and the front end of the flexible threshing teeth is a cylinder, the front end material-facing surface of the cylinder is set as an arc, and the arc is an elliptical trajectory. A rectangular coordinate system is established with the center of the ellipse, and the mathematical expression of the curve is: Below the threshing section, a grain collecting trough is provided corresponding to the installation area of ​​the flexible threshing teeth, and a pod collecting trough is provided corresponding to the installation area of ​​the rigid threshing teeth; The granary includes a grain bin and a pod bin, the grain collecting trough is connected to the grain bin via a first auger, and the pod collecting trough is connected to the pod bin via a second auger.

2. The rapeseed pod seed diversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first auger includes a first auger reversing body and a first vertical auger, one end of the first auger reversing body is connected to the discharge port of the grain collecting trough, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the first vertical auger, and the upper end of the first vertical auger is connected to the first grain inlet of the grain bin; the second auger includes a second auger reversing body and a second vertical auger, one end of the second auger reversing body is connected to the discharge port of the pod collecting trough, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the second vertical auger, and the upper end of the second vertical auger is connected to the second grain inlet of the pod bin.

3. The rapeseed pod seed diversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first observation window is provided on the grain bin, and a second observation window is provided on the pod bin.

4. The rapeseed pod seed diversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grain bin is provided with a first grain discharge port, which is connected to the grain discharge port of the harvester via a third auger; the pod bin is provided with a second grain discharge port for discharging pods.

5. The rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation length of the flexible threshing teeth accounts for 40% to 60% of the total length of the threshing interval.

6. The rapeseed pod seed diversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible threshing teeth are made of polyurethane-rubber compound with a Shore hardness HA of 60-75.

7. The rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the flexible threshing tooth is provided with an installation inner hole, and the flexible threshing tooth is sleeved on the front end of the installation bottom rod through the installation inner hole, and the flexible threshing tooth and the installation bottom rod are fastened and connected by fasteners, and the rear end of the installation bottom rod is fixedly connected to the threshing tooth installation rod.

8. The rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mounting bottom rod is made of 65Mn spring steel.

9. The rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid threshing teeth are made of 65Mn spring steel with a yield strength of 800-1200MPa.

10. A method for low-loss harvesting of rapeseed based on the rapeseed pod and seed diversion and collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The following steps are involved: When the main shaft of the threshing drum rotates, the rapeseed stems enter the threshing zone through the spiral blades for threshing. The seeds in the fully mature rapeseed siliques are impacted and rubbed by the flexible threshing teeth and then fall out. The rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green mature stages first collide with the flexible threshing teeth and then fall off from the rapeseed stems after being impacted and rubbed by the rigid threshing teeth. Taking advantage of the after-ripening characteristics of rapeseed, the rapeseed pods at the yellow and green stages are subjected to after-ripening treatment: the rapeseed pods at the yellow and green stages are spread out and naturally air-dried for 3 to 5 days to promote the dehydration and after-ripening of the seeds and pods; When the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages are dried until the moisture content of the grains and pods drops to 15% to 20%, the rapeseed siliques in the yellow and green ripe stages are collected and threshed.

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