Wheat planting method for forage grass production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting wheat for forage grass production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying, and relates to the field of planting of wheat for forage grass production, the method comprises the following steps: step 1, wheat variety selection: selecting wheat for forage grass; step 2, spraying lactic acid bacteria: respectively spraying a lactic acid bacteria solution with the concentration of 109cfu / mL on wheat leaf surfaces in a seedling stage and a jointing stage until the leaf surfaces are completely wetted; and step 3, wheat harvesting: harvesting whole-plant wheat in a dough stage for silage or direct feeding. According to the technical scheme, the specific lactic acid bacteria liquid is sprayed in the key growth period of the wheat, scientific fertilization management is combined, the photosynthetic efficiency and forage grass production potential of the wheat are remarkably improved, and the method is particularly suitable for high-altitude warm and cool areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the technical field of wheat planting for forage production, and specifically to a wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying. Background Art

[0002] Whole wheat plants are widely used in animal production due to their high nutritional quality. However, during the ensilage process, the number of lactic acid bacteria attached to their surface is often insufficient, resulting in insufficient silage fermentation, which affects the quality and preservation of the feed. Lactic acid bacteria, as key microorganisms in silage fermentation, can lower the pH value by producing organic acids, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, thereby improving the stability and nutritional value of silage. Therefore, how to effectively increase the number of lactic acid bacteria on the surface of wheat plants has become an important research direction for improving silage quality.

[0003] At present, the methods for improving the fermentation quality of silage mainly include adding exogenous lactic acid bacteria during the silage process or optimizing the nutritional quality of crops through field management measures. However, the addition of lactic acid bacteria during the silage process has the problems of high cost and complex operation, and the direct regulation effect of field management measures on the number of lactic acid bacteria on the plant surface is limited. In addition, the colonization of lactic acid bacteria on the plant surface is affected by many factors, such as the structure, position, nutritional status and habitat conditions of the plant surface, resulting in uneven distribution and difficulty in maintaining stability. In the prior art, although some studies have attempted to promote crop growth by soaking seeds or spraying lactic acid bacteria on the leaves, their systemic effects on lactic acid bacteria colonization and photosynthetic characteristics in the early stage of silage have not yet been clarified, and there is a lack of optimization methods for wheat for forage production.

[0004] In response to the above problems, there is an urgent need to develop a wheat planting method based on lactic acid bacteria spraying, which can effectively increase the number of lactic acid bacteria on the plant surface in the early stage of ensiling, and at the same time optimize the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat, thereby improving its growth performance and ensiling potential. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for growing wheat for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying, comprising the following steps: step 1, selecting a wheat variety, namely, selecting forage wheat; step 2, spraying lactic acid bacteria, namely, spraying a lactic acid bacteria solution with a concentration of 109 cfu / mL on the wheat leaves at the seedling stage and the jointing stage, respectively, until the leaves are completely wetted; step 3, harvesting the wheat, namely, harvesting the whole wheat plant at the waxy stage for silage or direct feeding.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the forage wheat in step 1 is Shimai 001.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the lactic acid bacteria in step 2 is Lactobacillus plantarum YM3 or Lactobacillus plantarum SXC48.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying time at the seedling stage in step 2 is 30-40 days after sowing, and the spraying time at the jointing stage is 60-70 days after the seedling stage.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying amount of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 200-300 liters per mu.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises applying compound fertilizer during the seedling stage and the jointing stage, wherein the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of the compound fertilizer is 15:6:8 and the amount of fertilizer applied is 40-60 kg per mu.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the compound fertilizer is applied twice, 40% of the total amount is applied at the seedling stage, and 60% of the total amount is applied at the jointing stage.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the planting conditions are an altitude of less than 2,000 meters, an annual average temperature of 11-12° C., and an annual precipitation of 600-700 mm.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the lactic acid bacteria liquid in step 2 is 5.5-6.5.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, whole wheat can be directly ensiled after being harvested at the waxy stage, the ensilage pH is reduced to ≤4.2 within 48 hours, the lactic acid content is ≥6% DM, and the ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen is ≤10%.

[0016] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This technical solution significantly improves wheat's photosynthetic efficiency and forage production potential by spraying a specific lactic acid bacteria solution during the critical growth period of wheat, combined with scientific fertilization management. It is particularly suitable for high-altitude, cool and temperate areas. Its core advantages are as follows:

[0018] 1. Significantly improve photosynthetic efficiency and promote biomass accumulation: Lactic acid bacteria provide more organic matter for silage by enhancing stomatal opening, promoting CO2 fixation and accumulation of photosynthetic products;

[0019] 2. Precisely adapted to forage production needs: Although grain yields may decrease, stem and leaf biomass may increase, making it more suitable for whole-plant silage. Wheat harvested at the waxy maturity stage has a pH that quickly drops to ≤4.2 after silage, lactic acid content ≥6% DM, and ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen ≤10%, meeting high-quality silage standards.

[0020] 3. Eco-friendly, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, lactic acid bacteria inhibiting mold, improving field microbial diversity, reducing unit production costs by improving photosynthetic efficiency, and optimizing silage quality to improve livestock breeding benefits;

[0021] This technical solution realizes the functional transformation of wheat from "grain production" to "forage production" through the coordination of lactic acid bacteria spraying and agronomic measures, taking into account the dual goals of improving photosynthetic efficiency and optimizing silage quality, and provides an innovative solution for forage supply in high-altitude areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the planting method of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the effects of different lactic acid bacteria treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a diagram of photosynthetic characteristics of wheat in different growth stages of the control group of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram of photosynthetic characteristics of wheat at different growth stages after spraying YM3 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a diagram of photosynthetic characteristics of wheat at different growth stages after spraying SXC48 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a diagram of photosynthetic characteristics of wheat at different growth stages according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This figure shows the effect of the lactic acid bacteria treatment of the present invention on wheat yield and 100-grain weight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] The following describes an embodiment of the present invention based on its overall structure.

[0031] In this embodiment, a wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Select wheat varieties. Choose forage wheat, which is Shimai 001.

[0033] Step 2: Spraying lactic acid bacteria: Spray the wheat leaves with a concentration of 10 9cfu / mL of lactic acid bacteria liquid, spray until the leaves are completely wetted. The spraying time at the seedling stage is 30-40 days after sowing, and the spraying time at the jointing stage is 60-70 days after the seedling stage. The lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus plantarum YM3 or Lactobacillus plantarum SXC48. The spraying amount of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 200-300 liters per mu, and the pH of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 5.5-6.5;

[0034] It also includes applying compound fertilizer at the seedling and jointing stages, with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 15:6:8 and a fertilizer rate of 40-60 kg per mu. The application of compound fertilizer is divided into two times, 40% of the total amount applied at the seedling stage and 60% of the total amount applied at the jointing stage;

[0035] Step 3: harvesting wheat, harvesting whole wheat plants at the waxy stage for silage or direct feeding;

[0036] Furthermore, the planting conditions are below 2000 meters above sea level, with an average annual temperature of 11-12°C and an annual precipitation of 600-700 mm;

[0037] Furthermore, whole wheat can be directly silaged after being harvested at the waxy maturity stage, with the silage pH dropping to ≤4.2 within 48 hours, the lactic acid content ≥6% DM, and the ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen ≤10%.

[0038] Focus on the attached Figure 1 As shown, wheat planting experiment:

[0039] Preparation before the test:

[0040] The wheat variety was Shimai 001, and the lactic acid bacteria liquid included Lactobacillus plantarum YM3 and Lactobacillus plantarum SXC48, both at a concentration of 10 9 cfu / mL, pH 5.5-6.5;

[0041] Experimental groups: the treatment group sprayed with Lactobacillus plantarum YM3 was marked as L1, the group sprayed with Lactobacillus plantarum SXC48 was marked as L2, and the control group sprayed with an equal amount of distilled water was marked as CK.

[0042] Test steps:

[0043] Treatment group: Spray the leaves with lactic acid bacteria solution at the seedling stage (30-40 days after sowing) and the jointing stage (60-70 days after seedling). The dosage of lactic acid bacteria solution is 200-300 liters per mu, and spray until all leaves are wet.

[0044] Fertilization: Compound fertilizer, that is, N:P2O5:K2O is 15:6:8, apply 40% in the seedling stage, that is, 16-24 kg per mu, and apply 60% in the jointing stage, that is, 24-36 kg per mu.

[0045] Measurement indicators:

[0046] Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), grain yield and 100-grain weight.

[0047] Focus on the attached Figure 2-7 As shown, wheat planting trial data analysis:

[0048] By the attached Figure 2 It can be seen that spraying lactic acid bacteria L1 and L2 significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of wheat, which were approximately 72-75% and 60-73% higher than the control group CK, respectively.

[0049] Although there was no significant difference in transpiration rate, the values ​​of L1 and L2 groups were higher than that of CK, indicating that lactic acid bacteria may promote water utilization by enhancing stomatal opening.

[0050] By the attached Figure 3 The results showed that the photosynthetic activity of the control group CK wheat reached its peak at the flowering stage and decreased significantly at the waxy stage. The intercellular CO2 concentration increased with the growth stage, which may be related to the reduced CO2 fixation efficiency caused by leaf aging.

[0051] By the attached Figure 4 The results showed that treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum YM3 significantly increased Pn at both the flowering and waxy stages, and Gs increased abnormally during the waxy stage, possibly due to the lactic acid bacteria delaying leaf senescence. Ci was higher during the waxy stage, possibly related to the accumulation of photosynthate.

[0052] By the attached Figure 5 The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum SXC48 performed best during the flowering stage, with a Pn of 25.0, significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Photosynthetic parameters decreased significantly during the waxy stage, possibly due to a shift in resources to the grain.

[0053] By the attached Figure 6 It can be seen that: Figure 6 The data in this table combine the means and standard deviations for the CK, L1, and L2 groups at different growth stages, reflecting that flowering is the most active stage of photosynthesis, with both Pn and Gs reaching their peaks. Ci increases but Pn decreases during the waxy stage, indicating a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency, likely related to energy consumption during grain development.

[0054] By the attached Figure 7 The results showed that the lactic acid bacteria treatments, especially L2, significantly reduced wheat grain yield, with L2 yield being 67.8% lower than CK, but the difference in 100-grain weight was relatively small. This may be due to increased allocation of photosynthate to stems and leaves, leading to a decrease in grain yield, but potentially an increase in biomass (unmeasured), making it suitable for forage production.

[0055] In summary, photosynthetic characteristics: lactic acid bacteria significantly improve the Pn and Gs of wheat. The Pn of wheat sprayed with Lactobacillus plantarum YM3 and Lactobacillus plantarum SXC4 was significantly increased by 72.4% and 75% compared with CK, and the Gs was increased by 73.2% and 60.9%, respectively. The Pn of wheat reached its peak during the flowering period, which was significantly higher than that during the jointing and waxy stages, especially during the flowering period. Influence of the growth period: photosynthetic activity was highest during the flowering period and decreased during the waxy stage, but Ci continued to increase, which may be related to aging. Yield trade-off: lactic acid bacteria reduced grain yield but may promote nutritional growth, which is suitable for forage-oriented cultivation. Strain differences: SXC48 performed better during the flowering period, while YM3 maintained a higher Gs during the waxy stage. Strain selection can be based on demand.

[0056] Spraying lactic acid bacteria significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of wheat, especially during the flowering period, indicating that lactic acid bacteria promoted photosynthesis by improving stomatal conductance and CO2 fixation capacity; the improvement of photosynthetic characteristics is conducive to the accumulation of wheat biomass throughout the plant, making it more suitable for silage production.

[0057] Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, this specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the invention. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions and variations to the embodiment without creative contribution as needed without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select wheat varieties, choose forage wheat; Step 2: Spraying lactic acid bacteria: Spray the wheat leaves with a concentration of 10 9 cfu / mL of lactic acid bacteria solution, spray until the leaves are completely wet; Step 3: Wheat harvesting: harvest the whole wheat plant at the waxy stage for silage or direct feeding.

2. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheat used as forage in step 1 is Shimai 001.

3. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus plantarum YM3 or Lactobacillus plantarum SXC48.

4. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying time in step 2 is 30-40 days after sowing during the seedling stage, and the spraying time in the jointing stage is 60-70 days after the seedling stage.

5. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying amount of lactic acid bacteria liquid is 200-300 liters per mu.

6. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes applying compound fertilizer during the seedling and jointing stages. The mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in the compound fertilizer is 15:6:8, and the fertilizer application amount is 40-60 kilograms per mu.

7. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 6, characterized in that: The application of compound fertilizer is divided into two times, 40% of the total amount is applied at the seedling stage and 60% of the total amount is applied at the jointing stage.

8. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting conditions are below 2000 meters above sea level, with an average annual temperature of 11-12℃ and an annual precipitation of 600-700 mm.

9. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the pH of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 5.5-6.

5.

10. The wheat planting method for forage production based on lactic acid bacteria spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: Whole wheat can be directly ensiled after being harvested at the waxy stage. The ensilage pH should drop to ≤4.2 within 48 hours, the lactic acid content should be ≥6% DM, and the ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen should be ≤10%.

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