High-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convective heat transfer

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convective heat exchange. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope comprises a high-definition equivalent prism module, a self-focusing lead-in part connector, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system and an air convective heat exchange system, the center line of the lens group in the 3D high-definition equivalent prism module is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism and does not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism, so that the problem of 3D image linearization between an object space and an image space is solved; the self-focusing illumination light transmission system improves the transmission efficiency of illumination light and the free space rate in the inner cavity channel of the insertion part; the air convection heat exchange system conveys air to the head end of the insertion part of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope and an operation handle, heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the signal processing circuit board and the illumination light in the dodging lens set is taken away in a convection mode, and the heat leaves the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through the primary and secondary control valves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of digestive tract medical endoscope, self-focusing lens and optical fiber transmission technology, convection heat transfer technology, high-definition image acquisition, and 3D image acquisition and reconstruction technology. Background Art

[0002] To date, the mainstream image acquisition technology in the gastrointestinal endoscopy market is still mainly 720P@30FPS. High-end gastrointestinal endoscopes have begun to use 1080P@30FPS and a "pseudo" 4K imaging technology based on 2K-Quard. The main technical obstacles to achieving true 4K image acquisition technology for high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes include (but are not limited to):

[0003] First, the space at the insertion end of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is limited, making it difficult to embed a 4K high-definition imaging chip (CMOS) module, and even more difficult to embed two high-definition imaging chip modules.

[0004] Second, the heat generated by the higher power and frame rate of the 4K high-definition imaging chip causes the temperature of the endoscope's insertion tip to exceed the safety standards required by gastrointestinal endoscopy regulations;

[0005] Third, the insertion cavity of traditional digestive tract endoscopes is filled with various cavity tubes, light guides, data cables, and stretch wires, which do not provide a good heat dissipation and air convection heat exchange environment;

[0006] Fourth, the lumen of the insertion part of the digestive tract endoscope is a closed space, and there is no channel for heat to be discharged at the tip of the insertion part;

[0007] Fifth, the insertion cavity of traditional digestive endoscopes is filled with molybdenum disulfide powder. When hot air leaves the endoscope, the molybdenum disulfide powder carried by the endoscope will pollute the surrounding environment. The main purposes of using molybdenum disulfide powder in traditional digestive endoscopes are (but not limited to):

[0008] (1) When the insertion end of the digestive tract endoscope turns and bends, all the outer walls of the lumen tube, the outer wall of the light guide tube, the data line, the snake bone stretch wire, the inner wall of the lumen tube and the inner wall of the turning snake bone in the insertion part of the digestive tract endoscope are squeezed and rubbed against each other in the radial direction. The lubrication provided by the molybdenum disulfide powder not only makes the insertion end of the digestive tract endoscope turn and bend more smoothly and with less resistance, but also prolongs the service life of the light guide tube;

[0009] (2) When the insertion end of the digestive tract endoscope is turned and bent, it reduces the force and finger fatigue of the doctor's fingers turning the operating handle wheel;

[0010] (3) During the bundle insertion process in the digestive tract endoscope assembly process, the bundle insertion resistance is reduced, making the bundle insertion process smoother.

[0011] (4) To date, molybdenum disulfide powder is still widely used in the assembly process of all traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes. Whether in the gastrointestinal endoscope assembly process or the gastrointestinal endoscope maintenance process, the molybdenum disulfide powder in the insertion part and the introduction part of the gastrointestinal endoscope causes pollution to the surrounding environment. The most commonly used molybdenum disulfide powder specifications are between 6000-8000 mesh. The workplace involving molybdenum disulfide powder is an irreversible and unrecoverable environment. For disposable gastrointestinal endoscopes, the processing process of molybdenum disulfide powder after endoscope recycling also puts forward additional environmental protection requirements and regulations, which greatly increases the processing cost of disposable gastrointestinal endoscopes after use.

[0012] The image resolution and quality of fourth-generation electronic gastrointestinal endoscopes have significantly improved with the development of imaging chips. Actual test results for the image resolution of one of the most representative and advanced gastrointestinal endoscopes currently on the market show that when the object of interest is 3mm, 10mm, 50mm, and 100mm from the lens, the object-space resolution is 10.1pl / mm, 10.1pl / mm, 2pl / mm, and 0.793pl / mm, respectively. These image resolution and detail rendering still lag significantly behind the resolution and rendering of 4K high-definition images.

[0013] Until now, all gastrointestinal endoscopes have only provided 2D imaging and expressiveness, without providing depth information. Although 3D-4K high-definition imaging technology has become a technical standard for rigid laparoscopy, 3D flexible high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope technology and products have not yet emerged. 3D flexible high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes have become a new development direction for gastrointestinal endoscopes.

[0014] With the rapid development of gastrointestinal endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery, colonoscopy combined with laparoscopes has continuously innovated into a variety of new minimally invasive surgical procedures, including but not limited to NOTES and NOSES. In minimally invasive procedures using dual-scope techniques, the differences in depth of field, resolution, image quality, detail, and visual effects between 3D-4K laparoscopes and traditional colonoscopes can cause visual fatigue and physical discomfort to the surgeon, significantly impacting surgical quality, precision, and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0015] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope based on convective heat transfer; first, under the conditions of the same size and function as traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes, the technical problem of setting one or two high-definition imaging chip modules in the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is solved; second, the technical problem of the high-definition imaging chip, signal processing circuit board and illumination light in the uniform light lens group causing the high temperature of the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is solved; third, the technical problem of low free space rate and low convective heat transfer efficiency in the inner cavity of the insertion part of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is solved; fourth, the technical problem of low light transmission efficiency and large space occupation of traditional lighting light guides is solved; fifth, the technical problem of molybdenum disulfide powder contamination of the gastrointestinal endoscope is solved.

[0016] The present invention provides a high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer, comprising:

[0017] A high-definition equivalent prism module, an air convection heat exchange system, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system, and a self-focusing introduction part connector; wherein the air convection heat exchange system has a parent-child control valve;

[0018] The high-definition equivalent prism module is composed of a lens group, an equivalent prism, a high-definition imaging chip and a basic signal processing circuit board; for a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the center lines of the two lens groups in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are respectively perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism in the high-definition equivalent prism module in which they are located, and do not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism;

[0019] The air convection heat exchange system sequentially delivers the air output by the air compression pump in the high-definition digestive tract endoscope system to the operating handle and the insertion head of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope. The air carries away the heat generated by the main signal processing circuit board in the operating handle, the high-definition imaging chip in the insertion head, the basic signal processing circuit board and the illumination light in the uniform light lens group of the self-focusing illumination light transmission system through convection. The heated air leaves the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through the normally open exhaust hole on the parent-child control valve in the operating handle or the nozzle on the insertion head.

[0020] The self-focusing illumination light transmission system includes a self-focusing fiber coupler, a self-focusing fiber, a fiber connector, a self-focusing eyepiece and the light uniforming lens group;

[0021] The self-focusing introduction part connector includes a splitting system and N self-focusing fiber couplers. After a beam of illumination light enters the self-focusing introduction part connector, the splitting system splits the incident illumination light into N beams of illumination light and projects them onto the input surfaces of the N self-focusing fiber couplers respectively. The N self-focusing fiber couplers respectively couple the N beams of illumination light into N self-focusing optical fibers bonded to the output surfaces of the self-focusing fiber couplers; wherein N is an integer.

[0022] The present invention provides a high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer, which has the following features:

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) Without changing the operation method and external dimensions of a traditional digestive tract endoscope, one or two ultra-high-definition imaging lens modules are embedded in the insertion head of a high-definition digestive tract endoscope. The temperature of the insertion head of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope is well controlled. The self-focusing illumination light transmission technology provides higher illumination light transmission efficiency and a larger cavity space in the insertion part of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, greatly improving the image resolution and image quality of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, making it the first completely pollution-free digestive tract endoscope. The present invention can be used for digestive tract endoscopes, flexible endoscopes, laparoscopes, rigid endoscopes and various other medical endoscopes, and has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, and easy promotion and popularization.

[0025] (2) The diameter of the self-focusing optical fiber is only a few hundred microns. For example, the core diameter of the self-focusing optical fiber GRINFiber100 / 140 / 250 produced by OFS in the United States is 100 microns, the fiber cladding diameter is 140 microns, and the outer protective layer diameter is 250 microns, compared to the diameter of the traditional light guide outer tube of 1.8-2.4 mm. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer protective layer of the self-focusing optical fiber to the cross-sectional area of ​​the traditional light guide outer tube is related to the square of the radius. Therefore, using self-focusing optical fiber instead of traditional light guide can obtain a larger free space rate in the lumen of the insertion part of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, greatly improving the efficiency of air convection heat exchange.

[0026] (3) There is enough space for relative sliding between the outer wall of all the lumen tubes in the insertion part and the introduction part of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the outer wall of the outer sleeve of the light guide tube, and the data cable, so that there will be no problems of mutual squeezing and friction when the insertion part and the head end of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope are bent, which greatly reduces the bundle resistance during the assembly process. In fact, the self-focusing optical fibers of all the self-focusing transmission systems in the high-definition digestive tract endoscope are cross-woven together, which not only solves the problem of internal pressure and external pulling on the optical fibers when the end and insertion part of the endoscope are bent, but also implements more reasonable spatial management and protection of the optical fibers.

[0027] (4) The HD GI endoscope does not use molybdenum disulfide powder or other lubricating materials, making it a pollution-free, environmentally friendly and "clean" GI endoscope. For disposable GI endoscopes, there is no problem of molybdenum disulfide powder contamination, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost of GI endoscopes and the recycling and disposal cost of medical waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convective heat transfer during normal examination and treatment of a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the working principle of convective heat transfer during the inflation operation of a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convection heat transfer during the operation of cleaning the lens assembly glass of a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the working principle of convection heat exchange during normal inspection and treatment of a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope with dual nozzles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the working principle of convective heat transfer during the dual-nozzle inflation operation of a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the working principle of convection heat transfer during the operation of cleaning the lens assembly glass of a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope with dual nozzles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-definition equivalent prism module shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a horizontal combination of an equivalent prism and a high-definition imaging chip according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a longitudinal combination of an equivalent prism and a high-definition imaging chip shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the light transmission working principle of a self-focusing fiber coupler according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the working principle of self-focusing optical fiber light transmission shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the working principle of an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the working principle of a split-type self-focusing illumination light transmission system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the first type of light splitting system design in the 1 / 2 self-focusing introduction part connector shown in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the first type of light splitting system design in the 1 / 3 self-focusing introduction part connector shown in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the second light splitting system design in the 1 / 3 self-focusing introduction part connector shown in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of translational imaging of the lens group in two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the translational arrangement of two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules and a lens group as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of translational imaging of the lens groups in two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the translation setting of the lens group in two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the imaging principle of two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules arranged in parallel to obtain a converging three-dimensional image effect as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the imaging principle of two parallel face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules to obtain a converging stereoscopic image effect as shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of a parent-child control valve according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of air flow during normal inspection and treatment of a mother-and-child control valve according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 25 Schematic diagram of air flow during the inflation operation of the parent-child control valve shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 26 Schematic diagram of water flow during flushing operation of a parent-child control valve shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Description of reference numerals:

[0055] 1-Insertion head; 2-Insertion; 3-Operating handle; 4-Introduction part; 5-Self-focusing introduction part connector; 6-Air pump; 7-High-definition gastrointestinal endoscope air input connector; 8-Cold air pipe; 9-Main signal processing circuit board metal shielding box; 10-Main signal processing circuit board; 11-Air delivery pipe; 12-Basic signal processing circuit board; 12'-Left basic signal processing circuit board; 12"-Right basic signal processing circuit board; 13-High-definition equivalent prism module; 13'-Left high-definition equivalent prism module; 13"-Right high-definition equivalent prism module; 14-Hot air pipe; 15-Sub-valve of the parent-child control valve; 16-Parent-child control valve body; 17-Parent-child control valve core; 18-Parent-child control valve button; 19-Normally open exhaust hole ; 20-mother-and-child control valve water chamber; 21-mother-and-child control valve lower air chamber; 22-mother-and-child control valve upper air chamber; 23-partition plate; F-doctor's finger; 24-three-way air input pipe; 25-three-way; 26-three-way output pipe; 27-nozzle; 28-water storage tank; 29-high-definition digestive tract endoscope water input connector; 30-water input pipe; 31-three-way water input pipe; 32-additional three-way; 33-additional three-way first output pipe; 34-additional three-way second output pipe; 35-additional nozzle; 36-lens group; 36'-left lens group; 36"-right lens group; 37-lens group center line; 37'-left lens group center line; 37"-right lens group center line; 38-equivalent prism; 38'-left equivalent prism; 3 8"-right equivalent prism; 39-high-definition imaging chip; 39'-left high-definition imaging chip; 39"-right high-definition imaging chip; 40-equivalent prism right-angle input surface; 41-first non-imaging surface; 42-second non-imaging surface; 43-third non-imaging surface; 44-fourth non-imaging surface; 45-self-focusing fiber coupler; 45'-first self-focusing fiber coupler; 45"-second self-focusing fiber coupler; 45"'-third self-focusing fiber coupler; 46-first self-focusing lens; 47-second self-focusing lens; 48-third self-focusing lens; 49-self-focusing fiber; 49'-first self-focusing fiber; 49"-second self-focusing fiber; 49"'-third self-focusing fiber; 50-illumination light source; 51 - Illumination light source focusing lens; 52 - Self-focusing eyepiece; 53 - Light homogenizing lens assembly; 54 - Front self-focusing optical fiber; 55 - Optical fiber male connector; 56 - Optical fiber female connector; 57 - Rear self-focusing optical fiber; 58 - 1 / 2 self-focusing lead-in connector designed for the first optical splitting system; 59 - Illumination light incident window; 60 - Prism; 61 - First reflector; 61' - Second reflector; 62 - First converging lens in the 1 / 2 self-focusing lead-in connector; 62' - Second converging lens in the 1 / 2 self-focusing lead-in connector; 62" - Third converging lens in the 1 / 3 self-focusing lead-in connector; 63 - 1 / 3 self-focusing lead-in connector designed for the first optical splitting system; 64 - First semi-permeable membrane flat glass; 64' - Second semi-permeable membrane flat glass;65 - first converging lens in the 1 / 3 self-focusing lead-in joint; 65' - second converging lens in the 1 / 3 self-focusing lead-in joint; 65" - third converging lens in the 1 / 3 self-focusing lead-in joint; 66 - 1 / 3 self-focusing lead-in joint of the second light splitting system design; 67 - light guide; 68 - first light guide beam splitter; 68' - second light guide beam splitter; 68" - third light guide beam splitter; 69 - first light guide beam splitting converging lens; 69' - second light guide beam splitting converging lens; 69" - the third light guide beam splitting and converging lens; 70' - the right-angle output surface of the left equivalent prism; 70" - the right-angle output surface of the right equivalent prism; 71 - the center line of the 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope in back-to-back setting; 72 - the object of interest; 73' - the image of the object of interest in the back-to-back setting through the optical center line of the left lens group; 73" - the image of the object of interest in the back-to-back setting through the optical center line of the right lens group; 74' - a straight line perpendicular to the center of the right equivalent prism right-angle input surface; 74" - vertical A straight line passing through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism; 75 - centerline of a face-to-face 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope; 76' - image of the object of interest passing through the optical centerline of the left lens group in a face-to-face setting; 76" - image of the object of interest passing through the optical centerline of the right lens group in a face-to-face setting; 78 - first rubber sealing ring; 79 - lower shaft positioning ring; 80 - second rubber sealing ring; 81 - third rubber sealing ring; 82 - upper shaft positioning ring; 83 - groove ring of the upper shaft positioning ring; 84 -Radial through hole at the bottom of the hollow shaft of the valve core; 85 -Fourth rubber sealing ring; 86 -Water input connector of the parent-child control valve; 87 -Water output connector of the parent-child control valve; 88 -Air input connector of the parent-child control valve; 89 -Air output connector of the parent-child control valve; 90 -Through hole of the sub-valve in the parent-child control valve; 91 -Valve body retaining ring; 92 -Rubber skirt; 93 -Button module; 94 -Button spring retaining ring; 95 -Button spring; 96 -Ejector pin; 97 -Ejector pin spring; 98 -Adjusting bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0057] This embodiment provides a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope based on convection heat transfer. The high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is part of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system, including: a high-definition equivalent prism module, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system, a self-focusing introduction part connector and an air convection heat exchange system with a parent-child control valve.

[0058] The HD GI endoscopy system includes a HD GI endoscope, an illumination light box, a HD image processor, a water tank, and a HD display. The illumination light box is equipped with an air pump. Its operating principle is as follows: air output from the air pump enters the water tank. The water tank lid is provided with an air output connector and a water output connector. These connectors connect to the self-focusing inlet connector of an integrated HD GI endoscope or the air and water connectors on the connection section of a split HD GI endoscope, respectively, ensuring that the air and water entering the HD GI endoscope have the same pressure.

[0059] In this embodiment, for a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, an imaging chip with a 4K high-definition image resolution is used; for a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, an imaging chip with a 4K, 2K or 1080P high-definition image resolution is used; wherein the frame rate of the high-definition imaging chip is 30, 60 or 120 frames per second.

[0060] In this embodiment, the high-definition digestive tract endoscope includes a 2D-4K digestive tract endoscope, a 3D-2K or 3D-1080P gastroscope, a duodenoscope, an esophagoscope, a 3D-4K colonoscope, a rectoscope, and a duodenoscope. Of course, those skilled in the art can also use other forms of endoscopes for other parts of the body that need to be examined.

[0061] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic diagram of a high-definition equivalent prism module. Figure 7 The HD equivalent prism module shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a lens assembly 36, an equivalent prism 38, a HD imaging chip 39, and a basic signal processing circuit board 12. The centerline of the lens assembly 36 is 37. The equivalent prism 38 is a right-angle prism with a 45° vertex angle. After the optical design of the HD equivalent prism module is completed, the positional relationship between the lens assembly 36, the equivalent prism 38, the HD imaging chip 39, and the basic signal processing circuit board 12 remains fixed.

[0062] In this embodiment, the high-definition equivalent prism module is composed of a lens group, an equivalent prism, a high-definition imaging chip and a basic signal processing circuit board. The equivalent prism is a right-angle prism with a vertex angle of 45°. The horizontal side length of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism and the vertical side height of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism are equal to the vertical side height of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip. The vertical center line of the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism coincides or does not coincide with the vertical center line of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip. The right-angle input surface, the right-angle output surface and the oblique surface of the equivalent prism are all coated. The lens group projects the collected image onto the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism. After the image enters the equivalent prism through the right-angle input surface, it is totally reflected by the oblique surface and then turned. After passing through the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism, it is imaged on the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip.

[0063] The combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip includes horizontal and vertical combinations: For the horizontal combination, the bottom horizontal edge of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism coincides with the horizontal edge of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip, and the areas of the left and right imaging surface areas on the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip that are not covered by the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism are equal or unequal. For the vertical combination, the horizontal edge of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism is perpendicular to the horizontal edge of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip, and the areas of the front and rear imaging surface areas on the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip that are not covered by the equivalent prism are equal or unequal.

[0064] Figure 8 Shown is a schematic diagram of the horizontal combination of an equivalent prism and a high-definition imaging chip. Figure 8 The center line 37 of the lens group 36 in the high-definition equivalent prism module shown in FIG is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 and passes through the center point a of the right-angle input surface 40. It is perpendicular to a vertical center line perpendicular to the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism 38 and passes through the center point b of the right-angle output surface and intersects at the center point c of the inclined surface of the equivalent prism 38. The center point b of the right-angle output surface coincides with the center point d of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39. The vertical side height W of the right-angle input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 is equal to the vertical side height V of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, that is, W=V. The bottom horizontal side length L of the right-angle input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 is equal to the vertical side height V of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, that is, L=V. Figure 8 As shown in FIG, the left and right areas of the first non-imaging surface 41 and the second non-imaging surface 42 on the imaging chip 39 that are not covered by the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism 38 are equal.

[0065] Figure 9 Shown is a schematic diagram of the vertical combination of an equivalent prism and a high-definition imaging chip. Figure 9 The center line 37 of the lens group 36 in the high-definition equivalent prism module shown in FIG is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 and passes through the center point a of the right-angle input surface 40. It intersects with a vertical center line perpendicular to the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism 38 and through the center point b of the right-angle output surface at the center point c of the inclined surface of the equivalent prism 38. The center point b of the right-angle output surface coincides with the center point d of the imaging plane of the high-definition imaging chip 39. The length L of the bottom horizontal side of the right-angle input surface 40 of the equivalent prism 38 is equal to the height V of the vertical side of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, that is, L=V; the vertical side height W is equal to the vertical side height V of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip 39, that is, W=V. Figure 9 The front and rear areas of the third non-imaging surface 43 and the fourth non-imaging surface 44 not covered by the right-angle output surface of the equivalent prism 38 are equal.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment, the high-definition digestive tract endoscope includes a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope and a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0067] (1) For 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscopes, a high-definition equivalent prism module is installed in the insertion head. Regardless of whether the high-definition equivalent prism module is assembled horizontally or vertically, the centerline of the lens group is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism and passes through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism.

[0068] (2) For 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscopes, two completely identical and independent high-definition equivalent prism modules are provided in the insertion head. In the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the two equivalent prisms and the high-definition imaging chip are combined in the same manner, the center lines of the two lens groups are located on the same plane and are parallel to each other, the plane formed by the center lines of the two lens groups is perpendicular to the imaging surfaces of the two high-definition imaging chips and the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prisms, the center lines of the two lens groups do not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism in their respective high-definition equivalent prism modules, the center lines of the two lens groups and two vertical lines passing through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms are located on the same plane, and in each high-definition equivalent prism module, the center lines of the lens groups are located on the same plane. The distance between the line and the vertical line passing through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism is h = t / 2-[T ÷ 2A (FW)] × Zconv; wherein, h is the distance that the two lens groups are translated in directions relative to each other during the initial setting, T is the distance between a person's eyes (pupillary distance), t is the distance between the two vertical lines passing through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism, A is the image magnification, F is the focal length of the lens group, W is the height of the right-angle side of the equivalent prism, and Zconv is the vertical coordinate of the equivalent convergence point of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules.

[0069] In a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are arranged in two different ways; the first is a back-to-back arrangement, in which no electronic components are set on the back of the basic signal processing circuit boards in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules. The backs of the two basic signal processing circuit boards are close to each other with an insulating layer between them. The second is a face-to-face arrangement, in which the top corners of the two equivalent prisms in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are opposite to each other but not touching. The front surfaces of the two basic signal processing circuit boards are arranged face to face and parallel to each other, which is opposite to the arrangement direction of the back-to-back arrangement. Regardless of the back-to-back or face-to-face arrangement, the imaging surface planes of the high-definition imaging chips in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane formed by the center lines of the two lens groups.

[0070] The necessary and sufficient condition for two high-definition equivalent prism modules placed back-to-back and face-to-face to satisfy the linear 3D image space relationship is h = t / 2 - [T ÷ 2A(FW)] × Zconv. When shooting in linear 3D image space, A = T ÷ [(FW) × (2h - t)] × Z. This means that the image magnification A changes synchronously with the vertical coordinate Z of the object of interest, and the left and right images of the object of interest will always converge on the flat screen.

[0071] In the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the imaging circle diameters of the images projected by the two lens groups on the right-angle input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms are equal, both D+2h, where D is the diagonal length of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism.

[0072] In the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the optical design, structural design, image quality, resolution, color reproduction, parameters, corresponding lens materials and coatings of the two lens groups and equivalent prisms are the same.

[0073] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of translational imaging of the lens group in two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 As shown, a 3D high-definition equivalent prism module is arranged back to back, and the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated a distance h in relative directions from the optical center point C to point C'. The image of an object of interest M (X, Z) at any position in the object space is projected onto points A' and A" on the right-angle input surfaces of the left and right equivalent prisms 38' and 38" after passing through the optical center C' of the translated left and right lens groups 36' and 36". The origin 0 (0, 0) of the coordinate system (X, Z) is located at the intersection of the straight line through the optical centers C and C' of the left and right lens groups and the center line 71 of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0074] According to the 3D object space formula;

[0075] Zc=(ZD×T)÷(TP)(1).

[0076] Among them, Zc is the vertical coordinate (Z coordinate) of the point where the left and right images converge, Z D is the vertical distance between the screen and the binocular eyes (Z coordinate), and P is the parallax between the left and right images on the flat screen.

[0077] As shown in the figure: ΔA”B”C”~ΔC”HM

[0078] We obtain: D1 / (Xt / 2+h)=(FW) / Z

[0079] Formula: D1 = (Xt / 2 + h) × (FW) ÷ Z (2).

[0080] As shown in the figure: ΔA'B'C'~ΔC'HM

[0081] We obtain: D2 / (X+t / 2-h)=(FW) / Z

[0082] Formula: D2=(X+t / 2-h)×(FW)÷Z(3).

[0083] As shown in the figure: d1 = D1 + N1 and d2 = D2 - N2

[0084] We obtain: Δd = d2 - d1 = (FW) × (t - 2h) ÷ Z - (N1 + N2) (4).

[0085] Because the 3D high-definition equivalent prism module is bilaterally symmetrical about the center line 71 , N1 = N2 = N.

[0086] Substituting formula (4) and P = A × Δd into formula (1), we obtain: Zc = (ZD × T) ÷ (TA × Δd) = (Z D ×T)×Z÷[(T-2AN)×ZA(FW)×(t-2h)] (5).

[0087] The necessary and sufficient condition for formula (5) to become a linear formula is: T-2AN=0.

[0088] The result is: N = T / 2A. Where: A is the image magnification (A = S / s), S is the horizontal length of the 3D display screen playback area (variable), s is the horizontal length of the imaging surface of the imaging chip (constant), and N is the distance between the position of the lens group optical center C' projected onto the equivalent prism right-angle input surface after translation of the image of the object of interest at the equivalent convergence point during initial settings and the centerline of the lens group.

[0089] Get the linear 3D object space formula:

[0090] Zc=(ZD×T)÷[A(FW)×(2h-t)]×Z(6).

[0091] Formula (6) shows that an object of interest in the object space corresponds to a unique image in the image space.

[0092] Let: Z C =Z D , we get: A=T÷[(FW)×(2h-t)]×Z (7).

[0093] Formula (7) shows that when shooting in a linear object space, the image magnification A changes synchronously with the change in the vertical coordinate Z of the object of interest, and the left and right images of the object of interest always converge on the screen. Here, A = S / s, where s is a constant and S is a variable, namely the change in the horizontal length of the 3D display playback area.

[0094] As shown in the figure: ΔC'B'Y' ~ ΔW0C'. We can obtain: N / (t / 2-h) = (FW) / Z.

[0095] N=(FW)×(t-2h)÷2Z=T / 2A.

[0096] h=t / 2-[T÷2A(FW)]×Zconv(8).

[0097] Formula (8) indicates that, at the initial setting, the necessary and sufficient condition for two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules to form a linear system is h = t / 2-[T÷2A(FW)] × Zconv. A 3D linear system refers to a linear relationship between the stereoscopic depth coordinates of the object of interest and the corresponding stereoscopic image in the image space formed by the two high-definition equivalent prisms after the two lens groups are translated along the X-axis and in directions relative to each other by a distance of h = t / 2-[T÷2A(FW)] × Zconv. The relationship between the convergence point of the two images and the vertical coordinate (Z) satisfies the linear 3D image space formula (6). After the initial setting, the positions of the two lens groups after translation remain unchanged, and a linear image space formed by the two high-definition equivalent prism modules is determined. The coordinates of the equivalent convergence point of this linear image space are (0, Zconv).

[0098] The equivalent convergence point (0, Zconv) is located on the centerline of a 3D gastrointestinal endoscope. Setting this point is a crucial parameter for determining the position (ordinate) of the 3D flat screen. For a 3D linear system, the stereo images of objects at this point converge on the flat screen. During filming, the stereo images of all objects in front of the point (Z∠Zconv) converge in front of the screen, while the stereo images of objects behind the point (Z>Zconv) converge behind the screen. Furthermore, the equivalent convergence point Zconv determines the size of the lens group's translation h.

[0099] Figure 18 Shown is a schematic diagram of two back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules and lens group translation settings; Figure 18There are no electronic components on the back of the two basic signal processing circuit boards 12' and 12" in the left and right high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13" shown in the figure, and they are arranged back to back as shown in the figure. In the left and right high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13", the center lines 37' and 37" of the two lens groups 36' and 36" and the left and right straight lines 74' and 74" that are perpendicular to the equivalent prisms 38' and 38" and pass through the center of the right-angle input surfaces are located on the same plane, and the distance between the center lines 37' and 37" of the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" and the left and right straight lines 74' and 74" is h.

[0100] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of translational imaging of the lens group in two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 As shown, a face-to-face 3D high-definition equivalent prism module is arranged, and the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated a distance h in relative directions from the optical center point C to point C'. The image of an object of interest M (X, Z) at any position in space is projected onto points A' and A" on the right-angle input surfaces of the left and right equivalent prisms 38' and 38" after passing through the optical center C' of the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" respectively. The origin 0 (0, 0) of the coordinate system (X, Z) is located at the intersection of the straight line through the optical center C of the left and right lens groups and the center line 75 of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0101] Shown in the figure: ΔA”B”C”~ΔC”HM and ΔA'B'C'~ΔC'HM.

[0102] The geometric and mathematical relationships of all relevant parameters, the formulas, results and conclusions obtained are Figure 17 The parameters, formulas, results and conclusions are the same.

[0103] Figure 20 Shown is a schematic diagram of two face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules and lens group translation settings; Figure 20 The top angles of the two equivalent prisms 38' and 38" in the left and right high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13" shown in the figure are opposite to each other and do not intersect. The front surfaces of the left and right basic signal processing circuit boards 12' and 12" face each other. In the left and right high-definition equivalent prism modules 13' and 13", the center lines 37' and 37" of the two lens groups 36' and 36" and the two right-angle input surfaces perpendicular to the equivalent prisms 38' and 38" and the straight lines 77' and 77" passing through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces are located on the same plane, and the distance between the center lines 37' and 37" of the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" and the two left and right straight lines 77' and 77" is h, respectively.

[0104] Convergence and parallel methods are two commonly used 3D capture methods. Convergence uses the same process as the human eye, tracking and focusing on an object through eye movement, resulting in a realistic, natural, and comfortable 3D image. The parallel method uses the eye's gaze to focus on an object at infinity. While it eliminates keystone distortion, it does suffer from nonlinear distortion and the presence of the convergence point off-screen. In reality, convergence is a more ideal 3D capture method than the parallel method.

[0105] Figure 21 The figure shows the principle diagram of the imaging of a convergent stereoscopic image effect by back-to-back high-definition equivalent prism modules arranged in parallel; Figure 21 The figure shows a right high-definition equivalent prism module in a 3D high-definition equivalent prism module arranged back to back. The center line 37" of the right lens group is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface 40" of the right equivalent prism 38" and passes through the center of the right-angle input surface 40". After being reflected by the center point E on the inclined surface of the right equivalent prism 38", it is output at the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70" of the right equivalent prism 38". The longitudinal axis (Z axis) of the coordinate system coincides with the center line 71 of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, and the horizontal axis (X axis) passes through the optical center C of the right lens group 36" and intersects perpendicularly with the Z axis at the origin of the coordinate system 0 (0, 0). The object of interest 72 is located on the Z axis, and its coordinates are (0, Zconv). In order to form the image of the object of interest 72 at the center point K of the right-angled output surface 70" of the right equivalent prism 38", the right lens group 36" is translated along the X-axis by a distance of h'=h1+h2 in the direction of the center line 71. The image of the object of interest 72 follows the light 73", passes through the optical center C' of the translated right lens group 36", is reflected by point G on the inclined surface of the right equivalent prism 38", and is output at the center point K of the right-angled output surface 70" of the right equivalent prism 38".

[0106] As shown in the figure, ΔWJG~ΔGSC'

[0107] We obtain: h1 / (t / 2-h2)=(FW / 2+h2) / (Zconv+FW / 2+h2)

[0108] Formula: h1=(t / 2-h2)×(FW / 2+h2)÷(Zconv+FW / 2+h2) (1).

[0109] As shown in the figure, ΔKPG~ΔGSC'

[0110] We obtain: h1 / h2=(FW / 2+h2) / (t / 2-h2)

[0111] Formula: h1=h2×(FW / 2+h2)÷(t / 2-h2) (2).

[0112] Let (1) = (2), and we get (t / 2 - h2) × (FW / 2 + h2) ÷ (Zconv + FW / 2 + h2) = h2 × (FW / 2 + h2) ÷ (t / 2 - h2).

[0113] Formula: h² = t 2 ÷4(Zconv+FW / 2+t) (3).

[0114] h1=t[FW / 2+t 2 ÷(Zconv+FW / 2+t)]÷[2(Zconv+FW / 2)-t}(4).

[0115] The translation distance of the right lens group 36" is:

[0116] h'=h1+h2=t[FW / 2+t 2 ÷(Zconv+FW / 2+t)]÷[2(Zconv+FW / 2)-t}+t 2 / [4(Zconv+FW / 2+t)] (5).

[0117] During the initial setting, first, the position of the equivalent convergence point (0, Zconv) is determined to coincide with the position of the object of interest 72 on the center line 71 of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules; second, the distance h' that the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" need to be translated is calculated using formula (5); finally, the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated by a distance h' in directions relative to each other.

[0118] The translation analysis and calculation of the left lens group in the left high-definition equivalent prism module are the same as the analysis and calculation of the right lens group in the right high-definition equivalent prism module mentioned above.

[0119] In a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, after the lens groups in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are respectively translated by h', the stereoscopic effect of the two images obtained is the same as that of the two images obtained by the convergence method.

[0120] Figure 22 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the imaging principle of obtaining a converging stereoscopic image effect by two parallel face-to-face high-definition equivalent prism modules. Figure 22The left high-definition equivalent prism module in a 3D high-definition equivalent prism module set up in a face-to-face manner is shown in the figure. The center line 37' of the left lens group is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface 40' of the left equivalent prism 38' and passes through the center of the right-angle input surface 40'. After being reflected by the center point E on the inclined surface of the left equivalent prism 38', it is output at the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70' of the left equivalent prism 38'. The longitudinal axis (Z axis) of the coordinate system coincides with the center line 75 of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, and the horizontal axis (X axis) passes through the optical center C of the left lens group 36' and intersects perpendicularly with the Z axis at the origin of the coordinate system 0 (0, 0). The object of interest 72 is located on the Z axis, and its coordinates are (0, Zconv). In order to output the image of the object of interest 72 at the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70' of the left equivalent prism 38', the left lens group 36' is translated along the X-axis by a distance of h'=h1+h2 in the direction of the center line 75. The image of the object of interest 72 follows the light 76', passes through the optical center C' of the translated left lens group 36', is reflected by point G on the inclined surface of the left equivalent prism 38', and is output at the center point K of the right-angle output surface 70' of the left equivalent prism 38'.

[0121] As shown in the figure, ΔWQG~ΔGSC'

[0122] We obtain: h1 / (t / 2-h2)=(FW / 2-h2) / (Zconv+FW / 2-h2)

[0123] Formula: h1=(t / 2-h2)×(FW / 2-h2)÷(Zconv+FW / 2-h2) (1).

[0124] As shown in the figure, ΔGJK~ΔGSC'

[0125] We obtain: h1 / h2=(FW / 2-h2) / (W / 2+h2)

[0126] Formula: h1=h2×(FW / 2-h2)÷(W / 2+h2) (2).

[0127] Let (1) = (2), and we obtain: (t / 2-h2)×(FW / 2-h2)÷(Zconv+FW / 2-h2)=h2×(FW / 2-h2)÷(W / 2+h2).

[0128] Formula: h2=(t×W)÷4(Zconv+Ft / 2) (3).

[0129] h1=t[FW / 2-(t×W)÷(Zconv+Ft / 2)]÷{2(Zconv+Ft / 2)+t] (4).

[0130] The translation distance of the right lens group 60" is:

[0131] h'=h1+h2=t[FW / 2-(t×W)÷(Zconv+Ft / 2)]÷{2(Zconv+Ft / 2)+t]+t 2 / [4(Zconv+FW / 2+t)] (5).

[0132] During the initial setting, first, the position of the equivalent convergence point (0, Zconv) is determined to coincide with the position of the object of interest 72 on the center line 71 of the 3D high-definition equivalent prism module in the figure; second, the distance h' that the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" need to be translated is calculated using formula (5); finally, the left and right lens groups 36' and 36" are translated by the distance h' in the directions relative to each other.

[0133] The translation analysis and calculation of the right lens group in the right high-definition equivalent prism module are the same as the analysis and calculation of the left lens group in the left high-definition equivalent prism module mentioned above.

[0134] In a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, after the lens groups in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are respectively translated by h', the stereoscopic effect of the two images obtained is the same as that of the two images obtained by the convergence method.

[0135] As a preferred embodiment, the high-definition digestive tract endoscope is divided into an integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope and a split high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0136] (1) The integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope consists of a self-focusing introduction part connector, an introduction part, an operating handle, an insertion part and an insertion part head end. All parts are connected and sealed together during the assembly process to form a whole and cannot be separated from each other. After the clinical examination and treatment are completed, during the disinfection and sterilization process of the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope, except for the need to pull out the valve core and button module of the suction valve on the parent-child control valve from the valve body for separate cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and drying, all parts of the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope are not separated and remain as a whole. The usage method, operation method and steps, and the disinfection and sterilization method and process after use of the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope are exactly the same as those of traditional digestive tract endoscopes.

[0137] (2) The split high-definition digestive tract endoscope consists of an endoscope portion and a self-focusing introduction portion connector, which are separately connected and sealed as a whole. The endoscope portion consists of an insertion portion head, an insertion portion, an operating handle, an introduction portion, and a connection portion. All components are connected and sealed together to form a whole during the assembly process. A quick-connect structure provided on the connection portion cooperates with a quick-connect device on the rear end of the self-focusing introduction portion connector to achieve rapid connection, locking, and unlocking between the connection portion and the self-focusing introduction portion connector.

[0138] The connection part is provided with an air connector, a water connector, a suction pump connector, a secondary flush water pump connector and an auxiliary electrical equipment connector. The front end face of the connection part is provided with a fiber optic female connector, a data cable connector and a wire connector. The rear end face of the self-focusing introduction part connector is provided with a fiber optic male connector and a data cable connector and a wire connector that correspond one-to-one to the data cable connector and the wire connector on the front end face of the connection part. Before the start of clinical examination and treatment, first, the fiber optic female connector, data cable connector and wire connector on the front end face of the connector are connected one-to-one with the fiber optic male connector, data cable connector and wire connector on the rear end face of the self-focusing introduction part connector, and then the quick-connect device on the self-focusing introduction part connector is quickly connected together with the quick-connect mechanism of the connection part and locked. During clinical examination and treatment, the connected split high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and the integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope not only have the same external structure, but also have exactly the same usage, usage habits, operation methods and operating steps. After the clinical examination and treatment are completed, the quick-connect mechanism and device on the connection part and the self-focusing introduction part connector, all optical fiber connectors, data cable connectors and wire connectors are released, and the connected split high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope becomes two independent parts: the endoscope part and the self-focusing introduction part connector.

[0139] After the clinical examination and treatment are completed, the endoscope portion of the split-piece high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope can be reused after disinfection and sterilization, or it can be discarded as a disposable consumable. When the endoscope portion of the split-piece high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is used as a reusable component, a specially designed sealing cap is used to seal the front end face of the connecting portion, and then the endoscope portion of the split-piece high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is cleaned, disinfected, sterilized, and dried. The cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and drying procedures, specifications, and requirements for the endoscope portion of the split-piece high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope are the same as those for the integrated high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. When the endoscope portion of the split-piece high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is used as a disposable consumable, the endoscope portion does not need to be cleaned, disinfected, or sterilized after clinical use and is directly discarded as medical waste in accordance with medical waste disposal specifications. The self-focusing introduction connector of the split high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope does not need to be cleaned, disinfected, sterilized and dried after each clinical examination and treatment. According to the standards and requirements of the local medical management unit, the standards and requirements for cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and drying can be set after several clinical examinations and treatments.

[0140] As a preferred embodiment, the self-focusing illumination light transmission system includes an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system and a split self-focusing illumination light transmission system.

[0141] (1) The integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system consists of a self-focusing fiber coupler, a self-focusing fiber, a self-focusing eyepiece, and a uniform light lens assembly. The illumination light is focused by the focusing lens onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler. The self-focusing fiber coupler couples the illumination light into the self-focusing fiber. After passing through the self-focusing fiber, the self-focusing eyepiece, and the uniform light lens assembly, the illumination light enters the front field of view of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

[0142] (2) The split self-focusing illumination light transmission system is a system in which a pair of fiber optic male and female connectors are embedded in the self-focusing optical fiber of the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system. When the pair of fiber optic male and female connectors are separated, the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system is divided into two independent parts, the front half of which includes the self-focusing fiber optic coupler, the front self-focusing optical fiber, and the fiber optic male connector; the rear half includes the fiber optic female connector, the rear self-focusing optical fiber, the self-focusing eyepiece, and the light uniforming lens group.

[0143] When the male and female fiber connectors are connected, the illumination light is focused by the focusing lens onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler. The self-focusing fiber coupler then couples the illumination light into the front self-focusing fiber. The illumination light then passes through the front self-focusing fiber, the male and female fiber connectors, the rear self-focusing fiber, the self-focusing eyepiece, and the uniform light lens assembly before entering the front field of view of the split high-definition digestive tract endoscope. The female and male fiber connectors of the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system are located in the connection section and the self-focusing inlet connector, respectively.

[0144] (3) An integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope is used in conjunction with an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system. A split high-definition digestive tract endoscope is used in conjunction with a split self-focusing illumination light transmission system.

[0145] In this embodiment, the high-definition digestive tract endoscope is provided with two or more self-focusing illumination light transmission systems.

[0146] A self-focusing fiber coupler is composed of two or more independent self-focusing lenses bonded together, where the output surface of the first self-focusing lens is bonded to the input surface of the second self-focusing lens, and so on, the input surface of the last self-focusing lens is bonded to the output surface of the previous adjacent self-focusing lens. The input surface of the first self-focusing lens in the self-focusing fiber coupler is called the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler, and the output surface of the last self-focusing lens is called the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler. A self-focusing eyepiece is composed of one or more independent self-focusing lenses bonded together, and the arrangement and combination of the self-focusing lenses are the same as those of the self-focusing fiber coupler.

[0147] In an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system, the input end face of the self-focusing fiber is bonded to the output surface of a self-focusing fiber coupler, which in turn is bonded to the input surface of a self-focusing eyepiece. The numerical aperture of the output end of the self-focusing fiber coupler is less than or equal to that of the self-focusing fiber, which in turn is less than or equal to the numerical aperture of the input end of the self-focusing eyepiece. A beam of converging illumination light converges onto the input surface of a self-focusing fiber coupler. The self-focusing fiber coupler couples the illumination light into the self-focusing fiber bonded to the output surface. The self-focusing fiber transmits the illumination light from the output surface of the self-focusing coupler to the input surface of the self-focusing eyepiece. After passing through the self-focusing eyepiece and the light-homogenizing lens assembly, the illumination light is projected into the field of view in front of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. An ideal self-focusing fiber coupler is one that can couple all the illumination light converging on the input surface into the core of the self-focusing fiber bonded to the output surface. The length of an ideal self-focusing fiber is L'=λ×N'=(2π÷g)×N', where L' is the length of the self-focusing fiber, λ=(2π÷g) is the pitch of the self-focusing fiber, g is the radial refractive index gradient of the self-focusing fiber, and N' is a positive integer.

[0148] In this embodiment, Figure 10 Shown is a schematic diagram of the light transmission principle of the self-focusing fiber coupler. Figure 10 The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of three self-focusing lenses: a first self-focusing lens 46, a second self-focusing lens 47, and a third self-focusing lens 48. The output surface of the first self-focusing lens 46 is bonded to the input surface of the second self-focusing lens 47, and the output surface of the second self-focusing lens 47 is bonded to the input surface of the third self-focusing lens 48. The input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 is the input surface of the first self-focusing lens 46, and the output surface is the output surface of the third self-focusing lens 48. A beam of light is incident from an off-axis point P with an object distance of L1 and a height of H1 at point P. The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 transmits the light to point Q on the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45, at a height of r3. r3 is less than or equal to the core radius a of a self-focusing fiber connected to the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45, i.e., r3 ≤ a. Furthermore, the numerical aperture NA3 at the output end of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 is less than or equal to the numerical aperture NA of the self-focusing fiber. Figure 10 The input end numerical aperture NA1 and the output end numerical aperture NA3 of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45 shown in FIG are not equal, and NA1>NA3.

[0149] The self-focusing lens is a cylindrical lens. Both end faces of the self-focusing lens are planes. The refractive index of the self-focusing lens is the largest at the center axis n(0), and along the direction of the lens radius r, according to the quadratic equation n(r) = n(0) × [1-(k 2 ×r 2 ) / 2] gradually becomes smaller. Because the lens is axisymmetric, the radial refractive index gradient k of the lens is also axisymmetric. When the incident angle Q(r) of the light at the radius r on the input end face of the self-focusing lens is less than or equal to the maximum incident angle Q(r) of the self-focusing lens at the corresponding radius r max When , the light is transmitted forward in the self-focusing lens in a sinusoidal transmission mode, and the optical path of all light rays of different transmission modes in the self-focusing lens is equal. In the above formula, n(r) is the refractive index of the self-focusing lens at a radius of r, n(0) is the refractive index at the central axis of the self-focusing lens, k is the radial refractive index gradient of the self-focusing lens, L1 is the object distance, L0 is the axial distance between the front and rear end faces of the self-focusing lens, L2 is the image distance, z is the distance between the input end face of the self-focusing lens and any cross section of the lens, 0<z<L0, a is the radius of the self-focusing lens, r1 is the object height, and r2 is the image height.

[0150] Self-focusing fiber is a fiber whose refractive index is the largest at the center axis of the core n(0), and along the radius of the core according to a quadratic equation n(r) = n(0) × [1-(g 2 ×r 2 ) / 2] gradually decreases in multimode fiber. Because the fiber core is axisymmetric, the radial refractive index gradient g of the fiber core is also axisymmetric. In the above formula, n(r) is the refractive index at the radius b of the self-focusing fiber core, n(0) is the refractive index at the center axis of the self-focusing fiber core, g is the radial refractive index gradient, and b is the radius of the self-focusing fiber core. When a beam of light is on the input end face of the self-focusing fiber, the incident angle Q(0) satisfies Q(0)≤Q(0) max Under the condition that fiber length L0 = λ × N', light propagates through the self-focusing fiber in a sinusoidal pattern. The optical path lengths of all light rays in different propagation patterns are equal, and the direction of light exiting the output end face of the self-focusing fiber is the same as the direction of light entering the input end face. Because light entering the fiber propagates in a sinusoidal pattern, it does not contact the outer surface of the self-focusing fiber core at radius b. The self-focusing fiber core confines the image within the fiber core and is not subject to total internal reflection. This characteristic prevents light leakage when the self-focusing fiber is bent due to its small bend radius. This is one of the key differences between self-focusing fiber and traditional step-index fiber.

[0151] Different fiber manufacturers use different materials and manufacturing processes, and the radial refractive gradient g of the self-focusing fiber is different. The parameters of the self-focusing fiber produced by OFS in the United States are n(0) = 1.4912, g = 0.00389 / μm@532nm. The quadratic equation of the self-focusing fiber is n(r) = 1.4912×[1-(3.89)2×r2 / 2], and the pitch is λ = 2π÷g = 1.615mm. The length of a self-focusing fiber L0 = λ×Y = (2π÷g)×Y = 1.615×Y (mm), where λ is the pitch of the self-focusing fiber, Y is a positive integer, and L0 is the length of the self-focusing fiber.

[0152] Figure 11 Shown is a schematic diagram of the principle of self-focusing optical fiber light transmission. Figure 11 On the input end face of a self-focusing optical fiber 49 shown in the figure, the incident angles Qa and Qb of the incident light rays A and B are both smaller than the maximum incident angle Q(0)(max)=2arcsin(NA) of the self-focusing optical fiber 49.

[0153] After the incident light rays A and B enter the core of the self-focusing fiber 49, they propagate forward in the core of the self-focusing fiber 49 in a sinusoidal transmission mode. When the length of the self-focusing fiber is L'0 = λ × N' = × (2π ÷ g) × N', when the light rays A and B reach the output end face of the self-focusing fiber 49 and leave, the exit angle Q' a and Q′ b The incident angle Q on the input end face a and Q b are equal in size and in the same direction.

[0154] Figure 11 The virtual image in the figure represents an off-axis incident light ray C entering the input surface of self-focusing fiber 47 at a radius r (≤ a) on the input end face of self-focusing fiber 47, where a is the core radius of the self-focusing fiber. Light ray C propagates forward through the core of self-focusing fiber 49 in a sinusoidal transmission mode. When light ray C reaches the output end face of self-focusing fiber 49 and exits, its exit angle Q′c is equal in magnitude and direction to the incident angle Qc on the input end face.

[0155] Figure 12 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system. Figure 12The integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system shown in FIG is composed of a self-focusing fiber coupler 45, a self-focusing fiber 49, a self-focusing eyepiece 52, and a uniform light lens assembly 53. Illumination light from an illumination light source 50 is focused by a focusing lens 51 onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45. The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 couples the illumination light into the self-focusing fiber 49. The illumination light then passes through the self-focusing fiber 49, the self-focusing eyepiece 52, and the uniform light lens assembly 53 before entering the front field of view of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0156] Figure 13 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system. Figure 13 The front half of the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system shown in the figure is composed of a self-focusing fiber coupler 45, a front self-focusing fiber 54, and a fiber male connector 55, and the rear half is composed of a fiber female connector 56, a rear self-focusing fiber 57, a self-focusing eyepiece 52, and a uniform light lens group 53. When the fiber male connector 55 and the fiber female connector 56 are connected, the illumination light emitted by the illumination light source 50 is focused by the focusing lens 51 onto the input surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler 45. The self-focusing fiber coupler 45 couples the illumination light into the front self-focusing fiber 54. The illumination light then passes through the front self-focusing fiber 54, the fiber male connector 55, the fiber female connector 56, the rear self-focusing fiber 57, the self-focusing eyepiece 52, and the uniform light lens group 53, and then enters the front field of view of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0157] As a preferred embodiment, a spectroscopic system and N self-focusing fiber optic couplers are provided in the 1 / N self-focusing introduction part connector, and is used in conjunction with a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope provided with N self-focusing illumination light transmission systems.

[0158] A self-focusing lead-in connector is a device that splits an incident, convergent illumination beam into N beams and projects each of these N beams onto the input surfaces of N self-focusing fiber couplers. This device is called a 1 / N self-focusing lead-in connector. The 1 / N self-focusing lead-in connector incorporates N self-focusing fiber couplers from a self-focusing illumination light transmission system and is used in conjunction with a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope equipped with N self-focusing illumination light transmission systems. The self-focusing lead-in connector incorporates a beam splitting system. The beam splitting system has two different optical and structural designs. The first design consists of a prism, flat glass, a plane reflector, and a lens. Different 1 / N self-focusing lead-in connectors vary in the optical design, beam splitting structure, number of optical components, and number of components. The prism, flat glass, and optical components in the beam splitting system are coated with either a reflective or reflective-transmissive coating. The reflective-transmissive coating coefficient determines the ratio of the illumination light reflected from the flat glass surface to the illumination light that passes through it. The second design includes a traditional light guide and lens. A light guide consists of thousands or tens of thousands of optical fibers. The rear section of the light guide is divided into N light guide splitters. A converging lens is positioned behind each light guide splitter to converge the illumination light from the splitters onto the surface of a self-focusing fiber coupler. The illumination light passes through a self-focusing fiber bonded to the output surface of the self-focusing fiber coupler, a self-focusing eyepiece, and a uniform light lens assembly into the field of view in front of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. After the incident convergent illumination light passes through the beam splitting system, the luminous flux of each split illumination beam can be the same or different. The technical specifications for high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes not only require that the illumination light fill the field of view in front of the gastrointestinal endoscope within a defined field of view angle range, but also set requirements for the distribution of the illumination light intensity within the field of view. In the design of high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopes, the field of view angle of the illumination light is between 120-170°. The field of view angle of a standard self-focusing eyepiece is between 50-80°. Therefore, a light uniforming lens group in a self-focusing illumination light transmission system obtains an illumination light field with a certain distribution law and a larger field of view by amplifying and redistributing the light.

[0159] Two or more independent self-focusing illumination light transmission systems can be set in a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, and the self-focusing fiber couplers of all the self-focusing illumination light transmission systems are set in the self-focusing introduction part connector. The advantages of the self-focusing illumination light transmission system include (but are not limited to): first, the coupling efficiency of the self-focusing fiber coupler-self-focusing optical fiber is higher than the coupling efficiency of the traditional cylindrical lens-light guide; second, the illumination light transmission efficiency of the self-focusing optical fiber is higher than that of the traditional light guide; third, the self-focusing optical fiber is not easy to break, and there is no breakage and light leakage problem of the traditional light guide; fourth, the insertion part of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope has a larger free space rate, larger convection heat exchange space and heat exchange efficiency in the lumen; fifth, more illumination light uniforming lens groups can be set in the insertion part head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, so that the front illumination light field distribution of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is more uniform; sixth, it has a simple structure, is not easy to be damaged and leak light, has a longer service life and a lower cost of use; seventh, it has lower material, assembly and use costs.

[0160] A beam of illumination light emitted by the illumination light source in the illumination light box is converged by a focusing mirror into the 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector. A beam splitter system in the 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector splits the incident converged illumination light into two or three beams of illumination light, respectively. The multiple beams of illumination light are then projected onto the input surfaces of two or three independent self-focusing fiber couplers. Each self-focusing fiber coupler couples the illumination light entering the self-focusing coupler into a self-focusing fiber bonded to its output surface. For the first beam splitter system design, three beams of illumination light with the same luminous flux can be obtained by adjusting the area of ​​the reflective and transmissive films or the coating material ratio on the two flat glass surfaces of the beam splitter system in the 1 / 3 self-focusing inlet connector.

[0161] Figure 14 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the first type of spectroscopic system design in the 1 / 2 self-focusing introduction part connector. Figure 14 In the figure, a beam of convergent illumination light enters the 1 / 2 self-focusing introduction part joint 58 through an incident window 59 in front of the 1 / 2 self-focusing introduction part joint 58, and then a prism 60 divides the incident beam of convergent illumination light into two beams of illumination light. The two beams of illumination light are respectively reflected by the first reflector 61 and the second reflector 61', and then pass through the first converging lens 62 and the second converging lens 62' and are respectively projected onto the input surfaces of the first self-focusing fiber coupler 45' and the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45". The first self-focusing fiber coupler 45' and the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45" respectively couple the two beams of illumination light into the first self-focusing fiber 49' and the second self-focusing fiber 49".

[0162] Figure 15Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the first type of spectroscopic system design in the 1 / 3 self-focusing introduction part connector. Figure 15 In the embodiment, after a beam of convergent illumination light enters the 1 / 3 self-focusing introduction part joint 63 through the incident window 59 of the 1 / 3 self-focusing introduction part joint 63, the first flat glass 64 and the second flat glass 64' coated with a reflective and transmissive film on the surface split the incident convergent illumination light into three beams of illumination light. Two of the illumination lights reflected by the first flat glass 64 and the second flat glass 64' are respectively reflected by the first reflector 61 and the second reflector 61', and then pass through the first converging lens 65 and the second converging lens 65' and are projected onto the input surfaces of the first self-focusing fiber coupler 45' and the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45", respectively. The illumination light passing through the first flat glass 64 and the second flat glass 64' coated with a reflective and transmissive film on the surface passes through the third converging lens 65'' and is projected onto the input surface of the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45''. The first self-focusing fiber coupler 45', the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45" and the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45'" couple three beams of converging illumination light into the first self-focusing fiber 49', the second self-focusing fiber 49" and the third self-focusing fiber 49'" respectively.

[0163] Figure 16 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the second spectroscopic system design in the 1 / 3 self-focusing introduction part connector. Figure 16 In the embodiment, a beam of convergent illumination light enters a light guide beam 67 composed of thousands or tens of thousands of optical fibers through the entrance window 59 of the 1 / 3 self-focusing introduction part connector 66 designed by the second light splitting system. The light guide beam 67 is divided into a first light guide beam 68, a second light guide beam 68' and a third light guide beam 68", and the illumination light passes through the first converging lens 69, the second converging lens 69' and the third converging lens 69" along the three light guide beams 68, 68' and 68", and is projected onto the input surfaces of the first self-focusing fiber coupler 45', the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45", and the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45'". The first self-focusing fiber coupler 45', the second self-focusing fiber coupler 45' and the third self-focusing fiber coupler 45'' couple the three convergent illumination lights into the first self-focusing fiber 49', the second self-focusing fiber 49' and the third self-focusing fiber 49'' respectively.

[0164] As a preferred embodiment, the signal processing circuit board is divided into a basic signal processing circuit board and a main signal processing circuit board, which are respectively arranged in the insertion head end and the operating handle of the integrated or split high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The basic signal processing circuit board only provides simple functions such as clock signal, synchronization signal, regulated power supply and grounding. In order to prevent the electronic components on the high-definition equivalent prism module and the basic signal processing circuit board from being affected by the high-frequency electromagnetic field generated by the medical equipment outside the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the high-definition equivalent prism module and the basic signal processing circuit board are placed in a box with electromagnetic shielding function, and the shielding box is provided with an air input connector and an exhaust hole.

[0165] The main signal processing circuit board is housed in a metal shielding box within the operating handle of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The metal shielding box is equipped with an air input connector and an air output connector, which are connected to a cooling air pipe and an air delivery pipe, respectively. This protects the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board from being affected by high-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by external medical devices, and prevents heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board from causing localized temperature increases in the operating handle. A cooling air pipe delivers air from the air compressor pump in the illumination light box of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system into the metal shielding box via the air input connector on the metal shielding box. This air removes heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board by convection. An air delivery pipe delivers heated air to the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope via the air output connector on the metal shielding box. This air removes heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the electronic components on the basic signal processing circuit board, and the uniform light lens assembly in the self-focusing illumination light transmission system.

[0166] During clinical examinations and treatments, physicians need to advance, withdraw, bend, and rotate the endoscope to identify polyps or lesions in the patient's natural cavities and organs, and to find the ideal viewing angle and visual quality for detailed observation, diagnosis, and treatment of these polyps and lesions. This conventional operation causes the image captured by the endoscope to rotate in real time along the center of the display area on the monitor screen. Therefore, the image captured by the endoscope on the monitor screen is typically displayed in a circular or octagonal pattern symmetrical about the center of the image display area. The effective pixel count of the imaging chip actually used in a gastrointestinal endoscope is only a fraction of the total pixel count of the imaging chip. In most cases, the vertical pixel count of the imaging chip determines the maximum image display area on the monitor screen. Most high-definition imaging chips have a 16:9 ratio of the horizontal length to the vertical height of the imaging surface. Therefore, 9 / 16 of the total horizontal pixels on the imaging surface of an HD imaging chip constitute the endoscope's effective horizontal pixels, while all the vertical pixels constitute the endoscope's effective vertical pixels.

[0167] As a preferred embodiment, a convection heat exchange system in a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope and a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0168] (1) The air convection heat exchange system in a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope includes a cold air pipe, an air delivery pipe, a partition, a hot air pipe, a tee, a tee air inlet pipe, a tee water inlet pipe, a tee outlet pipe, a nozzle, and a parent-child control valve. A cold air pipe delivers air from the air compressor pump in the illumination light box of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system through the inlet connector, connection part, operating handle, and air connector on the metal shielding box of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope into the metal shielding box. This air removes heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board in the metal shielding box by convection. An air delivery pipe delivers the heated air in the metal shielding box through the air output connector, operating handle, and insertion part of the metal shielding box into the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. This heated air removes heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the electronic components on the basic signal processor circuit board, and the uniform light lens assembly in the self-focusing illumination light transmission system in the insertion head by convection. The reheated air enters the lumen of the insertion portion of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope. The head end of a hot air tube is located in the lumen of the insertion portion of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope. The hot air tube transports the reheated air to the parent-child control valve in the operating handle. The air enters the upper air cavity of the parent-child control valve through the air input connector on the sub-valve of the parent-child control valve. The hot air leaves the integrated or split high-definition digestive tract endoscope through a normally open exhaust hole on the parent-child control valve button or a nozzle on the head end of the insertion portion of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0169] In clinical practice, during normal examinations and treatments, hot air in the lumen of the insertion section of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope leaves the scope through a normally-open exhaust hole on the button of the parent-child control valve. When the doctor needs to inject air into a natural cavity or organ in the patient's body, the doctor places his finger on the normally-open exhaust hole of the parent-child control valve button and blocks the normally-open exhaust hole. This prevents the hot air from leaving the scope through the normally-open exhaust hole. The hot air enters the lower air cavity from the upper air cavity of the parent-child control valve, and leaves the scope through the air output connector on the parent-child control valve, the three-way air input tube, the three-way, the three-way output tube, and the nozzle on the tip of the insertion section. When the doctor needs to clean the lens assembly glass on the insertion end of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the doctor places his finger on the normally open vent of the parent-child control valve button and presses the button all the way down. A water pipe transports water from the water supply tank in the high-definition digestive tract endoscope system through the inlet connector and inlet of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope to the water cavity of the parent-child control valve in the operating handle, and then leaves the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through the three-way water inlet pipe, the three-way, the three-way output pipe and the nozzle on the insertion end. When the doctor completes the above-mentioned inflation or flushing operation, he releases his finger on the parent-child control valve button. The valve core returns to the normal inspection and treatment working position under the action of the button spring in the button module. The hot air in the lumen of the insertion part of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope begins to leave the high-definition digestive tract endoscope again through a normally open vent on the parent-child control valve button. The air convection heat exchange system promptly removes the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, basic signal processing circuit board, main signal processing circuit board and the uniform light lens group in the self-focusing illumination light transmission system in the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through convection, and keeps the temperature of the insertion head below the safety temperature standard required by the gastrointestinal endoscope specifications.

[0170] (2) The air convection heat exchange system in the 3D high-definition digestive endoscope is an air convection heat exchange system in which an additional tee, an additional tee first output tube, an additional tee second output tube, and an additional nozzle are added to a tee output tube in the 2D high-definition digestive endoscope. The two additional tee first output tubes and the second output tube are respectively connected to the two nozzles on the insertion head of the 3D high-definition digestive endoscope. In clinical practice, when doctors inject air into the natural cavities or organs in the patient's body and clean the lens group glass on the insertion head of the 3D high-definition digestive endoscope during normal examinations and treatments, the operation method and process of the 3D high-definition digestive endoscope are exactly the same as those of the 2D high-definition digestive endoscope.

[0171] In clinical practice, whether doctors are performing normal examinations and treatments or injecting air into natural cavities or organs within a patient's body, the convective heat transfer process within a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope is a continuous process; the only difference is the path the hot air takes to exit the endoscope. However, when doctors need to clean contaminants and impurities from the lens assembly glass on the insertion tip of the HD endoscope, the hot air remains trapped within the lumen and cannot escape the endoscope. Therefore, during flushing, the convective heat transfer process is ineffective. In this case, the water cools the insertion tip through convection as it exits the endoscope through the insertion tip. Furthermore, the lens assembly glass cleaning process is relatively brief. Contaminants and impurities adhering to the lens assembly protective glass include (but are not limited to) a mixture of blood, mucus, tissue debris, mist, fecal matter left over from inadequate cleaning of the digestive tract or organs, and other impurities.

[0172] As a preferred embodiment, the parent-child control valve is composed of a valve body, a valve core, a sub-valve and a button module; wherein:

[0173] The valve body is a cylindrical hollow cylinder with a closed bottom and an open top. The hollow inner cavity of the valve body is divided into a lower cavity and an upper cavity. The diameter of the lower cavity is smaller than that of the upper cavity. The central axis of the valve body coincides with the central axes of the lower and upper cavities. A water output connector, a water input connector, an air output connector, and a through hole for connecting the sub-valve are sequentially arranged on the cylinder wall of the valve body in the direction from the lower cavity to the upper cavity. A valve body positioning ring is provided at the upper edge of the upper cavity of the valve body. Multiple bolts are used to fix the valve body to the operating handle of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the screw holes on the surface of the valve body positioning ring. The outer edge of the valve body positioning ring is an "L"-shaped groove, which is used in conjunction with the "L"-shaped lower convex edge of the rubber skirt of the button module and is used to fix the button module.

[0174] The valve core is a shaft divided into a lower shaft and an upper shaft. The lower shaft is a solid shaft with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the valve body's lower cavity. The upper shaft is a hollow shaft with an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the valve body's upper cavity. A through hole runs radially through the bottom of the hollow shaft and connects to the lower portion of the hollow shaft. The upper portion of the hollow shaft is open. The valve core is provided with a first rubber sealing ring, a lower shaft positioning ring, a second rubber sealing ring, a third rubber sealing ring, an upper shaft positioning ring, and a fourth rubber sealing ring, in the order from the lower shaft toward the upper shaft. The first rubber sealing ring is located above the water output connector, and the second rubber sealing ring is located above the water input connector. A water chamber is formed between the first and second rubber sealing rings and is located in the lower cavity of the valve body. The third rubber sealing ring is located in the upper cavity of the valve body. A lower air chamber is formed between the second and third rubber sealing rings, and the air output connector is located in the lower air chamber. An upper air cavity is formed between the third rubber sealing ring and the fourth rubber sealing ring. The upper shaft positioning ring and a through hole connected to the sub-valve on the wall of the valve body are located in the upper air cavity.

[0175] During clinical examinations, treatments, and inflations, the water outlet connector is sealed by the first rubber sealing ring, preventing water from escaping the water chamber. When flushing the lens assembly protective glass at the head of the operating unit, the first rubber sealing ring simultaneously moves downward as the valve core moves downward, moving below the water outlet connector. The second rubber sealing ring, after moving downward, remains above the water inlet connector. Water enters the water chamber through the water inlet connector and then exits the water chamber and the control valve through the water outlet connector. The third rubber sealing ring moves downward into the lower chamber, sealing the air outlet connector. Hot air in the upper air chamber cannot escape the control valve through the air outlet connector in the lower air chamber.

[0176] The sub-valve consists of an ejector pin, a cylinder, an ejector spring, a bolt, and an air inlet connector. The cylinder's tip is fixed to the valve body. The ejector pin's tip is a rotating curved surface. The ejector spring, located within the cylinder, secures the pin's tip to the edge of a through-hole in the valve body, forming a valve. A bolt is located at the bottom of the cylinder to adjust the ejector spring's forward thrust, ensuring close contact and sealing between the ejector pin's tip and the through-hole. When the valve core is inserted into the valve body, the downward movement of the upper shaft retaining ring's side surface continuously compresses the ejector pin, causing it to move backward along the central axis of the sub-valve cylinder. This separates the ejector pin's tip from the through-hole, opening the valve and allowing hot air to enter the upper air chamber of the sub-valve control valve through the gap between the ejector pin's tip and the through-hole. When the valve core is withdrawn from the valve body, the ejector spring within the cylinder continuously pushes the ejector pin forward until the pin's tip securely contacts the through-hole, closing the valve. An air input connector is provided on the cylinder.

[0177] After the clinical examination and treatment are completed, before the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope undergoes routine cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and drying, the valve core of the sub-control valve needs to be pulled out of the valve body, and then the valve core and the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope need to be cleaned, disinfected, sterilized, and dried separately. After the valve core is pulled out of the valve body, the ejector pin end of the sub-valve automatically closes and seals the through-hole on the valve body wall under the action of the ejector pin spring. During the cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and drying process of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the disinfectant and cleaning liquid will not enter the inner cavity of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the gap between the through-hole on the valve body wall and the surface of the ejector pin end.

[0178] The upper shaft locating ring is a circular cone with a trapezoidal meridian cross-section, fixed to the valve core. The larger diameter of the cone forms a dynamic fit with the diameter of the upper cavity of the valve body, allowing for sliding movement. A grooved ring is formed along the circumference of the upper shaft locating ring's side surface. When the valve core is inserted into the valve body, the downward movement of the upper shaft locating ring's side surface continuously compresses the ejector pin, causing it to move backward along the central axis of the sub-valve cylinder. When the tip of the ejector pin falls into the grooved ring, the HD GI endoscope is in a normal inspection and treatment state. At this point, hot air from the insertion lumen of the HD GI endoscope can enter the upper air cavity of the sub-valve through the air inlet connector on the sub-valve of the parent-child control valve and exit the HD GI endoscope through the normally open exhaust port on the button. The upper shaft locating ring is used to position the valve core and open and close the sub-valve. The upper shaft locating ring's side surface has a flat, smooth, and high-hardness surface. In this embodiment, the upper shaft positioning ring is made of a polymer material and has a certain self-lubricating effect when it is in direct contact with and moves relative to the metal ejector pin end of the sub-valve.

[0179] In clinical practice, during normal inspection and treatment, the ejector pin of the sub-valve is located in the groove ring on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring, and the valve core and the sub-control valve are in a normal inspection and treatment state. When the doctor needs to inflate a natural cavity or organ in the patient's body, the doctor places his finger on the button of the sub-control valve and blocks the normally open exhaust hole. The ejector pin of the sub-valve remains in the groove ring on the upper shaft positioning ring, and hot air enters the sub-valve through the air input connector on the sub-valve, passes through the upper air cavity, lower air cavity and nozzle on the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, and leaves the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. When the doctor needs to clean the lens group glass on the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the doctor presses the valve core down to the bottom, and the tip of the sub-valve ejector pin will be ejected from the groove on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring and slide to a new position along the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring. When the doctor completes the flushing operation, he releases his finger on the button of the parent-child control valve. The valve core returns to its normal working position for inspection and treatment under the action of the button spring, and the pin head of the sub-valve returns to the groove ring on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring.

[0180] The button module consists of a skirt, an inner locating ring, a button spring, and a button. The skirt is a rubber seat with an outward-protruding "L"-shaped edge at the bottom. When installing the button module, completely insert the "L"-shaped edge of the rubber seat bottom into the "L"-shaped inner groove on the outer edge of the valve body locating ring. The inner locating ring is fixed in a protruding groove on the inner wall of the skirt. A button is set on the upper part of the upper shaft of the valve core. The diameter of the button's central through-hole is the same as the diameter of the hollow opening in the upper shaft. A button spring is installed between the bottom of the button and the inner locating ring to automatically return the button to its normal working position after being moved.

[0181] Figure 23 Shown is a schematic diagram of a parent-child control valve. Figure 23 The sub-valve 15 shown in the figure is composed of a valve body 16, a valve core 17, a sub-valve 15, and a button module 93. The valve body 16 is a hollow cylinder with a closed bottom and an open top, and the diameter of the lower cavity is smaller than that of the upper cavity. A water input connector 86, a water output connector 87, an air output connector 89, and a through hole 90 for connecting to the sub-valve 15 are respectively provided on the wall of the valve body 16 along the direction from the lower cavity to the upper cavity. The sub-valve 15 is fixed to the wall of the valve body 16. The head end surface of the ejector pin 96 of the sub-valve 15 is in close contact with the edge of the through hole 90 on the wall of the valve body 16, forming an air input valve. A ejector pin spring 97 in the sub-valve 15 automatically pushes the ejector pin 96 toward the through hole 90, closing the air input valve. The closing effect when the ejector pin 96 contacts the edge of the through hole 90 can be adjusted by a bolt 98 at the bottom of the sub-valve 15. An air input connector 88 is provided on the wall of the sub-valve 15. The lower shaft of the valve core 17 is a solid shaft, and the upper shaft is a hollow shaft. The bottom of the hollow shaft has a radial through hole 84 that runs through the lower part of the hollow shaft in a radial direction, and the upper part is a normally open exhaust hole 19. At the edge of the upper cavity of the valve body 16, there is a valve body positioning ring 91 with an outer edge of an "L" groove structure. The first rubber sealing ring 78, the lower shaft positioning ring 79, the second rubber sealing ring 80, the third rubber sealing ring 81, the upper shaft positioning ring 82 and the fourth rubber sealing ring 85 are respectively provided on the valve core 17 along the lower axis to the upper axis. The upper shaft positioning ring 82 is a frustum, and the large end diameter of the frustum can slide against the inner wall of the upper cavity of the valve body 16. An upper shaft positioning ring groove ring 83 is provided on the side surface. When the head end of the ejector pin 96 in the sub-valve 15 falls into the upper shaft positioning ring groove ring 83, the valve core 17 is in a normal inspection and treatment state. The button module 93 includes a rubber skirt 92, a button spring locating ring 94, a button spring 95 and a button 18. The lower edge of the rubber skirt 92 is "L" shaped and cooperates with the "L" shaped groove 91 at the upper cavity edge of the valve body 16.

[0182] Figure 24The figure shows a schematic diagram of the air flow during normal inspection and treatment of a sub-control valve. Before the procedure, the doctor inserts the valve core 17 into the inner cavity of the valve body 16. During insertion, the conical inclined surface of the upper shaft positioning ring 82 on the valve core 17 continuously presses the ejector pin 96 backward, causing it to move backward until the tip of the ejector pin 96 falls into a groove ring 83 on the side surface of the upper shaft positioning ring 82. At this point, the sub-control valve and valve core 17 are in normal operating condition. The tip surface of the ejector pin 96 has separated from the edge of the through hole 90 in the upper cavity wall of the valve body. Hot air enters the upper air cavity 22 of the sub-control valve through the air input connector 88 on the sub-valve 15, the gap between the tip surface of the ejector pin 96 and the through hole 90, and then exits the sub-control valve through the radial through hole 84 in the lower portion of the hollow shaft of the valve core 17 and the normally open exhaust hole 19 on the hollow shaft.

[0183] Figure 25 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the air flow during the inflation operation of a parent-child control valve. In clinical practice, when a doctor needs to inject air into a natural cavity or organ in a patient's body, they place their finger F on the parent-child control valve's button 18 and block the normally-open exhaust hole 19. Hot air then flows through the gap between the air input connector 88 on the sub-valve 15 and the tip of the ejector pin 96 and the through hole 90, into the upper air chamber 22 of the parent-child control valve, and then exits the parent-child control valve through the lower air chamber 21 and the air output connector 89.

[0184] Figure 26 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the water flow during the flushing operation of a parent-child control valve. In clinical practice, when a doctor needs to clean the protective glass of the lens assembly at the insertion end of a high-definition digestive endoscope, they place their finger F on the button 18 of the parent-child control valve, blocking the normally open vent 19 and pressing the button 18 and valve core 17 down to the bottom. The first rubber sealing ring 78 moves downward to below the water output connector 87. The second rubber sealing ring 80, after moving downward, remains above the water input connector 86. This opens the water cavity 20 between the first and second rubber sealing rings 78 and 80, allowing water to enter the water cavity 20 through the water input connector 86 and exit the parent-child control valve through the water output connector 87. The third rubber sealing ring 81 moves downward into the lower chamber of the valve body 16 and seals the lower air chamber 21, preventing hot air entering the upper air chamber 22 of the parent-child control valve from exiting the valve through the air output connector 89.

[0185] Working principle:

[0186] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convective heat transfer during normal examination and treatment of 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopy. Figure 1Figure 1 shows a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some components of a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. The main components of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope shown in the figure include an insertion head 1, an insertion section 2, an operating handle 3, an inlet section 4, and a self-focusing inlet connector 5. A cold air pipe 8 carries air from an air compressor 6 through the air input connector 7 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The air then flows through the self-focusing inlet connector 5, the inlet section 4, and the operating handle 3 into a metal shielding box 9 located within the operating handle 3. This air removes heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board 10 in the metal shielding box 9 by convection. An air delivery pipe 11 transports the heated air from the metal shielding box 9 to the insertion head 1 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. This air removes heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the basic signal processing circuit board 12, and the illumination light in the uniform light lens assembly in the high-definition equivalent prism module 13 by convection. The air heated again enters the inner cavity of the insertion part 2 of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, passes through a hot air pipe 14 and the sub-valve 15 of the parent-child control valve set in the operating handle 3, enters the upper air cavity 22 of the parent-child control valve, passes through the upper hollow shaft of the valve core 17 and a normally open exhaust hole 19 in the center of the button 18, and leaves the high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0187] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convective heat transfer during the inflation operation of a 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Figure 2 Figure 1 shows a 2D high-definition digestive endoscope and some components of a high-definition digestive endoscope system. In clinical practice, when a doctor needs to inject air into a natural cavity or organ in a patient's body, they place their finger F on the button 18 of the parent-child control valve and block the normally open exhaust hole 19. Hot air then flows from the upper air chamber 22 of the parent-child control valve into the lower air chamber 21, passes through the air inlet tube 24 of the tee 25, the outlet tube 26 of the tee 25, and a nozzle 27 on the insertion tip 1 of the high-definition digestive endoscope, and exits the high-definition digestive endoscope.

[0188] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convection heat transfer during the operation of cleaning the lens group glass of a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope. Figure 3A 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some devices in a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system are shown in the figure. The water tank 28 is connected to the water input connector 29 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and the air compressor 6 respectively. The water in the water tank 28 enters the water chamber 20 of the parent-child control valve through the water input connector 29 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and a water input pipe 30. In clinical practice, when the doctor needs to clean the protective glass surface of the lens group, the doctor places his finger F on the button 18 of the parent-child control valve, blocks the normally open exhaust hole 19 and presses the button 18 and the valve core 17 to the bottom. The valve core 17 and all rubber sealing rings and positioning rings fixed on the valve core 17 move downward at the same time. At this time, the water output connector in the water chamber 20 of the parent-child control valve is opened, and the lower air chamber 21 is closed. Water in the water chamber 20 of the parent-child control valve exits the parent-child control valve through the water output connector, passes through the three-way water inlet pipe 31 of the three-way connection 25, the output pipe 26 of the three-way connection 25, and exits the HD endoscope through a nozzle 27 on the insertion end 1 of the HD endoscope. A partition plate 23, shown in the figure, is located within the lumen of the insertion portion 2 of the HD endoscope. An air delivery tube 11, a hot air tube 14, the three-way air inlet pipe 24, and the three-way water inlet pipe 31 each pass through corresponding through-holes in the partition plate 23. The hot air tube 14 is fixed to the partition plate 23.

[0189] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convective heat transfer during normal examination and treatment by 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscopy. Figure 4 Shown in the figure is a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and part of the devices in the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system. A cold air pipe 8 carries the air output by the air compression pump 6 into the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the air input connector 7 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, and then enters the metal shielding box 9 set in the operating handle 3 through the introduction part 4 and the operating handle 3. The air removes the heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board 10 set in the metal shielding box 9 by convection. An air delivery pipe 11 transports the heated air in the metal shielding box 9 to the insertion head 1 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The air removes the heat generated by the two high-definition imaging chips 13', 13", the basic signal processing circuit board 12', 12", and the illumination light in the uniform light lens group by convection. The air heated again enters the inner cavity of the insertion part 2 of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope, passes through a hot air pipe 14 and the sub-valve 15 of the parent-child control valve set in the operating handle 3, enters the upper air cavity 22 of the parent-child control valve, passes through the upper hollow shaft of the valve core 17 and a normally open exhaust hole 19 in the center of the button 18, and leaves the 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope.

[0190] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convective heat transfer during the inflation operation of a 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. Figure 5Figure 1 shows a 3D high-definition digestive endoscope and some devices in a high-definition digestive endoscope system. In clinical practice, when a doctor needs to inject air into a natural cavity or organ in a patient's body, the doctor places his finger F on the button 18 of the parent-child control valve and blocks the normally open exhaust hole 19. Hot air in the upper air chamber 22 of the parent-child control valve enters the lower air chamber 21, passes through the air input tube 24 of the tee 25, the output tube 26 of the tee 25, the first output tube 33 and the second output tube 34 of the additional tee behind the additional tee 32, and then exits the 3D high-definition digestive endoscope.

[0191] Figure 6 Shown is a schematic diagram of the working principle of convection heat transfer during the operation of cleaning the lens group glass of a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope. Figure 6 A 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope and some devices in a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system are shown in the figure. The water tank 28 is connected to the water input connector 29 and the air compression pump 6 of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope respectively. The water in the water tank 28 enters the water chamber 20 of the parent-child control valve through the water input connector 29 on the self-focusing inlet connector 5 and a water input pipe 30. In clinical practice, when the doctor needs to clean the protective glass surface of the lens group, the doctor places his finger F on the button 18 of the parent-child control valve, blocks the normally open exhaust hole 19, and presses the button 18 and the valve core 17 down to the bottom. The valve core 17 and all rubber sealing rings and positioning rings fixed on the valve core 17 move downward at the same time. At this time, the water output connector in the water chamber 20 of the parent-child control valve is opened, and the lower air chamber 21 is closed. Water entering the water chamber 20 of the parent-child control valve exits the parent-child control valve through the water output connector, passes through the water inlet pipe 31 of the tee 25, the output pipe 26 of the tee 21, the first output pipe 33 and the second output pipe 34 of the additional tee behind the additional tee 32, and exits the HD endoscope through the nozzle 27 and the additional nozzle 35 on the insertion head 1 of the HD endoscope. A partition plate 23 is shown in the figure, located within the lumen of the insertion section 2 of the 3D HD endoscope. An air delivery pipe 11, a hot air pipe 14, the air inlet pipe 24 of the tee 25, and the water inlet pipe 31 of the tee 25 pass through corresponding through-holes in the partition plate 23. The hot air pipe 14 is fixed to the partition plate 19.

[0192] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they are aware of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer, characterized in that: The high-definition digestive tract endoscope is part of a high-definition digestive tract endoscope system, including: a high-definition equivalent prism module, an air convection heat exchange system, a self-focusing illumination light transmission system, and a self-focusing introduction part connector; The high-definition equivalent prism module is composed of a lens group, an equivalent prism, a high-definition imaging chip and a basic signal processing circuit board; for a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the center lines of the two lens groups in the two high-definition equivalent prism modules are respectively perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism in the high-definition equivalent prism module in which they are located, and do not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism; The air convection heat exchange system sequentially delivers the air output from the air compression pump in the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope system to the operating handle and the insertion head of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The air carries away the heat generated by the main signal processing circuit board in the operating handle, the high-definition imaging chip in the insertion head, the basic signal processing circuit board, and the illumination light in the uniform light lens group of the self-focusing illumination light transmission system through convection. The heated air leaves the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the normally open exhaust hole on the parent-child control valve in the operating handle or the nozzle on the insertion head. The self-focusing illumination light transmission system includes a self-focusing fiber coupler, a self-focusing fiber, a fiber connector, a self-focusing eyepiece and the light uniforming lens group; The self-focusing introduction part connector includes a splitting system and N self-focusing fiber couplers. After a beam of illumination light enters the self-focusing introduction part connector, the splitting system splits the incident illumination light into N beams of illumination light and projects them onto the input surfaces of the N self-focusing fiber couplers respectively. The N self-focusing fiber couplers respectively couple the N beams of illumination light into N self-focusing optical fibers bonded to the output surfaces of the self-focusing fiber couplers; wherein N is an integer.

2. A high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equivalent prism is a right-angle prism with a top angle of 45°, and the horizontal side length and vertical side height of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism are equal to the vertical side height of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip; the combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip includes horizontal combination and vertical combination; for the horizontal combination, the bottom horizontal side of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism coincides with the horizontal side of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip; for the vertical combination, the bottom horizontal side of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism is perpendicular to the horizontal side of the imaging surface of the high-definition imaging chip.

3. A high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-definition digestive tract endoscope includes a 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope or a 3D high-definition digestive tract endoscope; The insertion portion of the 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope is provided with a high-definition equivalent prism module; whether the combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip is a horizontal combination or a vertical combination, the center line of the lens group is perpendicular to the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism and passes through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism; Two completely identical and independent high-definition equivalent prism modules are provided in the head end of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope. The combination of the equivalent prism and the high-definition imaging chip in each high-definition equivalent prism module is the same. The center lines of the two lens groups are located on the same plane and are parallel to each other. The plane formed by the center lines of the two lens groups is perpendicular to the imaging surfaces of the two high-definition imaging chips and the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism. The center lines of the two lens groups do not pass through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism in the high-definition equivalent prism module in which they are located. The center lines of the two lens groups and the vertical line passing through the center of the right-angle input surface of the two equivalent prisms are located on the same plane. In each high-definition equivalent prism module, the distance between the center line of the lens group and the vertical line passing through the center of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism is h.

4. A high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The necessary and sufficient condition for two parallel high-definition equivalent prism modules set back to back or face to face to form a linear 3D object space relationship is h = t / 2-[T ÷ 2A(FW)] × Zconv; during the shooting process, when the object of interest located at any position in the object space satisfies the relationship A = T ÷ [(FW) × (2h-t)] × Z, an ideal stereoscopic image effect can be achieved; wherein h is the distance that the two lens groups are translated in directions relative to each other during the initial setting, T is the human pupil distance, t is the distance between two perpendicular lines passing through the centers of the right-angle input surfaces of the equivalent prism, A is the image magnification, F is the focal length of the lens group, W is the height of the right-angle side of the equivalent prism, and Zconv is the vertical coordinate of the equivalent convergence point of the two high-definition equivalent prism modules.

5. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 4, characterized in that: For the two high-definition equivalent prism modules, the imaging circle diameters of the images projected by the two lens groups on the right-angle input surfaces of the two equivalent prisms are equal, both D+2h, where D is the diagonal length of the right-angle input surface of the equivalent prism.

6. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 5, characterized in that: For two high-definition equivalent prism modules arranged in parallel, the two lens groups are respectively translated in directions opposite to each other by a distance of h'=h1+h2, which can obtain the same stereoscopic image effect as the two high-definition equivalent prism modules arranged in a converging manner; for two high-definition equivalent prism modules arranged back to back, hl=t[FW / 2+t2÷4(Zconv+FW / 2+t)]÷[2(Zconv+FW / 2+t)-t], h2=t 2 ÷4(Zconv+FW / 2+t); For the two high-definition equivalent prism modules arranged face to face, hl=t[FW / 2-(t×W)÷(Zconv+Ft / 2)]÷[2(Zconv+Ft / 2)+t], h2=(t×W)÷4(Zconv+Ft / 2).

7. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high-definition digestive tract endoscope is divided into an integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope and a split high-definition digestive tract endoscope; wherein, all components of the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope are connected and sealed to form a whole during the assembly process; the components of the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope include the insertion head, the insertion part, the operating handle, the introduction part and the self-focusing introduction part connector; the split high-definition digestive tract endoscope consists of an endoscope part and the self-focusing introduction part connector that are respectively connected and sealed as a whole; the endoscope part includes the insertion head, the insertion part, the operating handle, the introduction part and the connecting part, wherein the quick-connect mechanism provided on the connecting part cooperates with the quick-connect device at the rear end of the self-focusing introduction part connector to complete the quick connection, locking and unlocking between the connecting part and the self-focusing introduction part connector.

8. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The self-focusing illumination light transmission system is divided into an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system and a split self-focusing illumination light transmission system; wherein, the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system is composed of the self-focusing fiber optic coupler, the self-focusing fiber optic, the self-focusing eyepiece and the light uniforming lens group; the front half of the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system is composed of the self-focusing fiber optic coupler, the front self-focusing fiber optic and the fiber optic male connector, and the rear half is composed of the fiber optic female connector, the rear self-focusing fiber optic, the self-focusing eyepiece and the light uniforming lens group.

9. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 8, characterized in that: For the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system, the input end face of the self-focusing optical fiber is bonded to the output surface of the self-focusing optical fiber coupler, and the output end face of the self-focusing optical fiber is bonded to the input surface of the self-focusing eyepiece; For the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system, the input end face of the front self-focusing optical fiber is bonded to the output surface of the self-focusing optical fiber coupler, and the output end face of the rear self-focusing optical fiber is bonded to the input surface of the self-focusing eyepiece.

10. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope is used in conjunction with an integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system; the split high-definition digestive tract endoscope is used in conjunction with the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system.

11. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 10, characterized in that: The self-focusing introduction part connector in the integrated high-definition digestive tract endoscope is provided with an air connector, a water connector, a suction pump connector, a secondary flush water pump connector and an auxiliary electronic device connector; the connection part in the split high-definition digestive tract endoscope is provided with an air connector, a water connector, a suction pump connector, a secondary flush water pump connector and an auxiliary electronic device connector; the front end face of the connection part and the rear end face of the self-focusing introduction part connector are respectively provided with an optical fiber connector, a data cable connector and an electric wire connector.

12. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 11, characterized in that: The 1 / N self-focusing introduction part connector is provided with a light splitting system and N self-focusing fiber couplers in the self-focusing introduction part connector, and the 1 / N self-focusing introduction part connector is used in conjunction with a high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope provided with N self-focusing illumination light transmission systems; for the integrated self-focusing illumination light transmission system, the N self-focusing fiber couplers couple N beams of illumination light into the N self-focusing optical fibers, respectively, and the self-focusing eyepiece and the uniform light lens group respectively enter the front field of view of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope through the N self-focusing optical fibers; For the split self-focusing illumination light transmission system, N self-focusing fiber couplers couple N beams of illumination light into the N front self-focusing optical fibers, respectively, and then pass through the N front self-focusing optical fibers, the optical fiber male and female connectors, the rear self-focusing optical fibers, the self-focusing eyepieces, and the uniform light lens assembly to enter the front field of view of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope; The optical splitting system has two different optical designs. The first design includes a prism, flat glass, a plane reflector and a lens; the second design includes a light guide and a lens.

13. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 12, characterized in that: The basic signal processing circuit board and the main signal processing circuit board constitute a signal processing circuit board, and the basic signal processing circuit board and the main signal processing circuit board are respectively arranged in the insertion head end and the operating handle of the high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope; the main signal processing circuit board is arranged in a metal shielding box in the operating handle, and an air input connector and an air output connector are provided on the metal shielding box, which are respectively connected to the cold air pipe and the air delivery pipe.

14. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 13, characterized in that: For the 2D high-definition digestive tract endoscope, the air convection heat exchange system includes the cold air pipe, the partition plate, the air delivery pipe, the hot air pipe, the tee, the tee air input pipe, the tee water input pipe, the tee output pipe and the parent-child control valve; the cold air pipe delivers the air output by the air compression pump in the illumination light box of the high-definition digestive tract endoscope system to the metal shielding box in the operating handle, and the air carries away the heat generated by the electronic components on the main signal processing circuit board by convection; the air delivery pipe delivers the heated air in the metal shielding box to the insertion head end, and the air carries away the heat generated by the high-definition imaging chip, the electronic components on the basic signal processing circuit board and the illumination light in the uniform light lens group arranged at the insertion head end by convection; the heated air enters the inner cavity of the insertion part again, and the hot air pipe delivers the hot air to the upper air cavity of the parent-child control valve, and the hot air leaves the high-definition digestive tract endoscope through a normally open exhaust hole on the parent-child control valve button or the nozzle on the insertion head end; For the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, the air convection heat exchange system is to add an additional three-way and two additional three-way output tubes to the three-way output tube in the air convection heat exchange system of the 2D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope, and add an additional nozzle to the head end of the insertion part. The two additional three-way output tubes are respectively connected to the two nozzles on the head end of the insertion part of the 3D high-definition gastrointestinal endoscope.

15. The high-definition digestive tract endoscope based on convection heat transfer according to claim 14, characterized in that: The parent-child control valve is composed of a valve body, a valve core, a sub-valve and a button module; wherein: The valve body is a cylindrical hollow cylinder with a closed bottom and an open top. The hollow inner cavity of the valve body is divided into a lower cavity and an upper cavity. The diameter of the lower cavity is smaller than that of the upper cavity. The central axis of the valve body coincides with the central axes of the lower cavity and the upper cavity. The cylinder wall of the valve body is provided with a water output connector, a water input connector, an air output connector, and a through hole for connecting the sub-valve in sequence along the direction from the lower cavity to the upper cavity. The valve core is a shaft and is divided into a lower shaft and an upper shaft, the lower shaft is a solid shaft with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the lower cavity of the valve body; the upper shaft is a hollow shaft with an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the upper cavity of the valve body, the bottom of the hollow shaft has a through hole that penetrates the hollow shaft in a radial direction and is connected to the hollow shaft, and the upper part of the hollow shaft is open; the valve core is provided with a first rubber sealing ring, a lower shaft positioning ring, a second rubber sealing ring, a third rubber sealing ring, an upper shaft positioning ring and a fourth rubber sealing ring in sequence along the direction from the lower shaft to the upper shaft; the first rubber sealing ring is located above the water output joint, the The second rubber sealing ring is located above the water input connector. A water cavity is formed between the first and second rubber sealing rings, and both are located in the lower cavity of the valve body. The third rubber sealing ring is located in the upper cavity of the valve body. A lower air cavity is formed between the second and third rubber sealing rings, and the air output connector is located in the lower air cavity. An upper air cavity is formed between the third and fourth rubber sealing rings, and the upper shaft locating ring and a through hole on the cylindrical wall of the valve body that is connected to the sub-valve are located in the upper air cavity. The upper shaft positioning ring is a truncated cone with a trapezoidal meridian cross section fixed to the valve core. The large end diameter of the truncated cone forms a movable fit with the diameter of the upper cavity of the valve body, and they can slide against each other. A groove ring arranged along the circumference is provided on the side surface of the truncated cone. The sub-valve consists of a pin, a cylinder, a pin spring, a bolt and an air input connector; the head end of the cylinder is fixed to the valve body; the pin spring tightly contacts the head end surface of the pin with the edge of a through hole connected to the sub-valve on the upper cavity wall of the valve body to form a valve.

Images