Single-condyle osteotomy guide plate

Abstract

The invention provides a unicondylar osteotomy guide plate, which specifically comprises a bottom plate, a guide plate and a guide plate, the first wing plates are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the bottom plate and rotatably connected with the bottom plate through hinges; the second wing plate is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the first wing plate, and an osteotomy groove perpendicular to the bottom plate is formed in the second wing plate; the grinding device penetrates through the first limiting groove and is connected to the bottom plate and the first wing plate in a sliding mode; the balancing device is movably connected with the bottom plate; one end of the positioning device is inserted into the autologous marrow cavity, and the other end of the positioning device is fixedly connected with the balancing device; and the angle adjusting device is arranged in the hinge. According to the technical scheme, under the guide of the guide plate, the plane and the angle which are completely matched with the preoperative plan can be stably, reliably and precisely cut out, and the key technical problems of optimal matching and functional recovery of the prosthesis are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a surgical instrument, in particular to an osteotomy guide plate. Background Art

[0002] Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for unilateral knee compartment osteoarthritis, typically medial osteoarthritis. Due to its minimally invasive, high-bone preservation, rapid postoperative recovery, and improved proprioception, it is increasingly widely used clinically. The key to successful surgery lies in precisely restoring lower limb force alignment, accurately placing the prosthesis, and achieving good soft tissue balance. Precise tibial and femoral osteotomies are the core steps of the procedure, directly determining prosthetic position, angulation, and fit, ultimately determining joint function and long-term prosthesis survival.

[0003] Traditional UKA surgery mainly relies on mechanical positioning devices such as intramedullary or extramedullary positioning rods combined with the surgeon's experience to perform osteotomy. Although this type of method provides guidance to a certain extent, it has many limitations: the operation steps are cumbersome: the positioning device needs to be repeatedly installed and adjusted, which prolongs the operation time. Dependence on the surgeon's experience and feel: the position and angle of the osteotomy plane (such as the posterior tilt angle of the tibial plateau, the flexion and extension angle and valgus angle of the femoral prosthesis) largely rely on the surgeon's visual inspection, feel, and immediate judgment of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and there are large individual differences and subjectivity. Potential error accumulation: mechanical errors of the instrument itself, deviations in the installation positioning points, and intraoperative operations such as saw blade swing may introduce errors, causing the osteotomy results to deviate from the preoperative plan. Difficulty in achieving complex individualized design: for patients with abnormal anatomical structures or who require highly personalized osteotomy plans, the standardized design of traditional instruments is often difficult to meet precise needs.

[0004] In recent years, 3D-printed, personalized osteotomy guides based on the patient's preoperative CT or MRI images have emerged, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods. This technology uses computer-aided design (CAD) software to design a guide that perfectly conforms to the bone surface based on the patient's unique bone morphology and anatomical landmarks. During surgery, the guide simply needs to be firmly fixed to the predetermined bone surface, and the pre-set osteotomy grooves on the guide guide the saw blade to complete the osteotomy. In theory, this method can more directly translate preoperative planning into intraoperative operation, reducing reliance on complex instruments and surgeon experience, and improving surgical precision and efficiency.

[0005] However, despite the significant progress brought about by personalized guide technology, its core goal—that is, to ensure that the plane position, direction, and angles of the final osteotomy, such as the posterior tilt angle, flexion and extension angle, are highly consistent with the preoperative plan—still faces severe technical challenges. Accurate and stable placement of the guide during surgery is a prerequisite, but even if the guide is positioned correctly, factors such as the movement control of the saw blade in the guide slot during osteotomy, the thickness and rigidity of the saw blade itself, interference from soft tissue, differences in bone hardness, and the operator's stability of the technique may all lead to slight but potentially clinically effective deviations between the actual cut bone surface and the ideal plane and angle preset by the guide. Therefore, how to ensure that, under the guidance of a personalized guide, a plane and angle that fully matches the preoperative plan can be cut out stably, reliably, and with high precision has become a key technical issue that needs to be urgently addressed to improve the effectiveness of unicompartmental knee replacement surgery and achieve optimal prosthesis matching and functional recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a unicompartmental osteotomy guide to ensure that under the guidance of the guide, the plane and angle that are completely consistent with the preoperative plan can be stably, reliably and accurately cut out, thereby solving the key technical problems of optimal prosthesis matching and functional recovery.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a unicompartmental osteotomy guide, which specifically includes: a base plate, a first limiting groove is provided on the base plate; a first wing plate, the first wing plate is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate, and is rotatably connected to the base plate through a hinge; a second wing plate, the second wing plate is horizontally fixedly arranged on the first wing plate, and the second wing plate is provided with an osteotomy groove perpendicular to the base plate; a grinding device, the grinding device passes through the first limiting groove and is slidably connected to the base plate and the first wing plate; a balancing device, the balancing device is movably connected to the base plate; a positioning device, one end of the positioning device is inserted into the autologous bone marrow cavity, and the other end is fixedly connected to the balancing device; an angle adjustment device, the angle adjustment device is arranged inside the hinge.

[0008] Furthermore, the base plate is provided with a plurality of registration holes for embedding navigation markers.

[0009] Furthermore, the grinding device includes: a grinding disc, which is cylindrical in shape and has a rounded design on all sides; a limiting column, one end of which is fixedly connected to the grinding disc and is slidably arranged in a first limiting groove; and a slider, which is fixedly connected to the limiting column.

[0010] Furthermore, the balancing device includes: a balancing shell, the balancing shell is tightly connected to the base plate, and a second limit groove is provided on the top of the balancing shell; a balancing ball, the balancing ball is fixedly connected to the positioning device; and a first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is placed through the balancing shell and the base plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the second limiting groove is arranged in an arc shape, and scales are provided on the second limiting groove and the aforementioned balancing shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the hinge includes: a first sleeve, which is fixedly connected to the base plate; a second sleeve, which is clamped in the middle of the first sleeve, which is fixedly connected to the first wing plate, and a groove is provided inside the second sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle adjustment device includes: an adjusting column, a protrusion is fixedly provided at the distal end of the adjusting column, the protrusion is engaged and connected with the aforementioned groove, a cam is fixedly provided at the proximal end of the adjusting column, a limiting ball is provided between the cam and the first sleeve, an elastic component is provided between the limiting ball and the cam, and the cam is rotatably provided on the second rotating axis.

[0014] According to the technical solution of the present invention, a first limiting groove is provided on the bottom plate; a plurality of alignment holes for embedding navigation markers are also provided. The first wing plate is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate and is rotatably connected to the bottom plate through a hinge; the second wing plate is horizontally fixedly arranged on the first wing plate, and the second wing plate is provided with an osteotomy groove perpendicular to the bottom plate; the grinding device is slidably connected to the bottom plate and the first wing plate through the first limiting groove; the grinding device includes: a grinding disc, a limiting column and a slider; the grinding disc is cylindrical in shape with a rounded design on all sides; one end of the limiting column is fixedly connected to the grinding disc, and the limiting column is slidably arranged in the first limiting groove; the slider is fixedly connected to the limiting column. The balancing device is movably connected to the bottom plate; the balancing device includes: a balancing shell, a balancing ball, a first rotating shaft, and a second limiting groove; the balancing shell is tightly connected to the bottom plate, and the top of the balancing shell is provided with a second limiting groove; the balancing ball is fixedly connected to the positioning device; the first rotating shaft is placed through the balancing shell and the bottom plate. The second limiting groove is arranged in an arc shape, and scales are provided on the second limiting groove and the balancing shell. One end of the positioning device is inserted into the autologous bone marrow cavity, and the other end is fixedly connected to the balancing device; the angle adjustment device is arranged inside the hinge. The angle adjustment device includes: an adjustment column, a protrusion, a cam, a limiting ball, an elastic component, and a second rotating shaft. The distal end of the adjustment column is fixedly provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is connected with the aforementioned groove. The proximal end of the adjustment column is fixedly provided with a cam, a limiting ball is provided between the cam and the first sleeve, an elastic component is provided between the limiting ball and the cam, and the cam is rotatably provided on the second rotating shaft. The hinge includes: a first sleeve is fixedly connected to the base plate; a second sleeve is clamped in the middle of the first sleeve, the second sleeve is fixedly connected to the first wing plate, and a groove is provided inside the second sleeve. The above-mentioned arrangement can effectively solve the technical problem of the uncontrollable posterior tilt angle of the tibial plateau, the flexion and extension angles of the femoral prosthesis, and the valgus angle during the unicompartmental osteotomy. Specifically, after the positioning device is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity, the balancing device can be adjusted to change the sagittal and coronal tilt angles of the base plate to achieve the desired angles. The grinding device is then rotated to cut out the bottom surface of the femoral condyle. After the bottom surface of the femoral condyle is determined, the angle adjustment device is rotated so that the first wing plate reaches the preset position, the grinding device on the first wing plate is started, the second and third inclined surfaces are cut, and finally the osteotomy groove of the second wing plate is used in conjunction with the oscillating saw to cut the fourth and fifth vertical surfaces, thus completing the cutting of the entire unicompartmental femoral condyle. Compared with the traditional oscillating saw combined with the osteotomy groove, the present invention uses a grinding method to reduce the inaccuracy problem caused by the oscillating saw, and by providing the balancing device and the angle adjustment device, the posterior tilt angle of the tibial plateau, the flexion and extension angles of the femoral prosthesis, and the valgus angle can be accurately positioned. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1A front view of a unicompartmental osteotomy guide is shown; Figure 2 An assembly drawing showing the base plate, positioning device and trim device; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view showing the base plate, positioning device and trim device; Figure 4 Shows a front view of the first wing panel and the second wing panel; Figure 5 showing a cross-sectional view of a first wing panel and a second wing panel; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the hinge is shown; Figure 7 A perspective view of an adjustment column is shown; Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the second sleeve; Figure 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the angle adjustment device; Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following figure marks: 10, base plate; 101, first limiting groove; 20, grinding device; 201, grinding disc; 202, limiting column; 203, slider; 30, first wing plate; 40, second wing plate; 401, osteotomy groove; 50, positioning device; 60, balancing device; 601, balancing shell; 602, balancing ball; 603, first rotating axis; 604, second limiting groove; 70, hinge; 701, first sleeve; 702, second sleeve; 7021, groove; 703, cavity; 80, angle adjustment device; 801, adjusting column; 802, bump; 803, cam; 804, limiting ball; 805, elastic component; 806, second rotating axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0018] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 4 and 5: A unicompartmental osteotomy guide, comprising: a base plate 10, a first limiting groove 101 being provided on the base plate; a first wing plate 30, the first wing plate being symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate, and being rotatably connected to the base plate 10 through a hinge 70; a second wing plate 40, the second wing plate being horizontally fixedly arranged on the first wing plate 30, the second wing plate being provided with an osteotomy groove 401 perpendicular to the base plate; a grinding device 20, the grinding device being slidably connected to the base plate and the first wing plate through the first limiting groove 101; a balancing device 60, the balancing device being movably connected to the base plate; a positioning device 50, one end of the positioning device being inserted into the autologous bone marrow cavity, and the other end being fixedly connected to the balancing device; an angle adjustment device 80, the angle adjustment device being arranged inside the hinge. During use, the positioning device is inserted into the medullary cavity of the femoral condyle, and then the osteotomy guide is adjusted to the diseased side of the single condyle. The grinding device is driven by a motor to first grind out the bottom surface of the femoral condyle, and then the first wing plate is rotated. At the same time, the grinding device on the first wing plate is driven by a motor to grind out the second and third inclined surfaces. Finally, an oscillating saw is used to cut through the second wing plate to cut out the fourth and fifth vertical surfaces to complete the cutting of the single condyle.

[0020] like Figure 3As shown, to further adjust the angles of the base plate and the first wing plate to accommodate the posterior tilt angle of the tibial plateau, the flexion and extension angles of the femoral prosthesis, and the valgus angles, the grinding device 20 includes: a grinding disc 201, which is cylindrical and rounded on all sides; a limiting post 202, one end of which is fixedly connected to the grinding disc and slidably disposed within the first limiting groove 101; and a slider 203, which is fixedly connected to the limiting post. The balancing device 60 includes: a balancing housing 601, which is tightly connected to the base plate and has a second limiting groove 604 disposed on its top; a balancing ball 602, which is fixedly connected to the positioning device; and a first rotating shaft 603, which is positioned through the balancing housing and the base plate. The second limiting groove 604 is arranged in an arc shape, and scales are provided on the second limiting groove 604 and the balancing housing 601. When in use, first swing the positioning device left and right, and adjust the sagittal plane angle of the base plate through the scale display of the balancing ball. After reaching the appropriate position, swing the positioning device back and forth, and the balancing ball adjusts the coronal plane angle of the base plate through the first rotation axis. Observe the scale on the balancing shell, stop after reaching the preset position, and then start the grinding device to intercept the most suitable bottom surface.

[0021] like Figure 6-9 As shown, to further adjust the accuracy of the first and second wing plates, a hinge 70 is provided on the osteotomy guide plate, comprising: a first sleeve 701, fixedly connected to the base plate 10; a cavity 703 provided in the center of the first sleeve for accommodating an angle adjustment device; a second sleeve 702, sandwiched between the first sleeve and fixedly connected to the first wing plate 30, with a groove 7021 provided within the second sleeve 702. The angle adjustment device 80 comprises: an adjustment column 801, a protrusion 802 fixedly provided at its distal end, the protrusion 802 matingly engaged with the groove 7021; a cam 803 fixedly provided at its proximal end; a limiting ball 804 provided between the cam and the first sleeve; an elastic component 805 provided between the limiting ball and the cam; and a cam rotatably provided on a second rotation axis 806. When in use, first remove the first wing plate and the second wing plate. After the surface of the bottom plate is cut, press the first wing plate and the second wing plate, and then insert the adjusting column. With the cooperation of the protrusion and the groove, the first wing plate and the second wing plate can be rotated to the preset position. However, at this time, the first wing plate and the second wing plate must be fixed, so with the cooperation of the cam, the limiting ball and the elastic component, the adjusting column can only rotate in one direction. At this time, the elastic component is out of the compressed state, and the cam and the limiting ball will not be stuck in the first sleeve, that is, the angle between the first wing plate and the bottom plate gradually decreases until it reaches the preset position. In the process of reverse rotation, due to the presence of the limiting ball, the movement between the column cam and the first sleeve will be blocked.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0023] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above," "on the upper surface of," "on top of," etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would then be positioned as "below" or "below" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both the orientations of "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0024] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unicompartmental osteotomy guide, characterized in that: include: A bottom plate, wherein a first limiting groove is provided on the bottom plate; First wing panels, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate and rotatably connected to the bottom plate via hinges; a second wing plate, the second wing plate being fixedly arranged horizontally on the first wing plate, and the second wing plate being provided with an osteotomy groove perpendicular to the bottom plate; a grinding device, the grinding device passing through the first limiting groove and slidably connected to the base plate and the first wing plate; a balancing device, the balancing device being movably connected to the base plate; A positioning device, one end of which is inserted into the autologous bone marrow cavity and the other end is fixedly connected to the balancing device; An angle adjustment device is provided inside the hinge.

2. The unicompartmental osteotomy guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate is provided with a plurality of registration holes for embedding navigation markers.

3. The unicompartmental osteotomy guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding device includes: a grinding disc, which is cylindrical in shape and has a chamfered design on all sides; a limiting column, one end of which is fixedly connected to the grinding disc and the limiting column is slidably arranged in a first limiting groove; and a slider, which is fixedly connected to the limiting column.

4. The unicompartmental osteotomy guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing device includes: a balancing shell, which is tightly connected to the base plate, and a second limiting groove is provided on the top of the balancing shell; a balancing ball, which is fixedly connected to the positioning device; and a first rotating shaft, which is placed through the balancing shell and the base plate.

5. The unicompartmental osteotomy guide according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second limiting groove is arranged in an arc shape, and scales are provided on the second limiting groove and the aforementioned balancing shell.

6. The unicompartmental osteotomy guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hinge includes: a first sleeve, which is fixedly connected to the base plate; a second sleeve, which is clamped in the middle of the first sleeve, which is fixedly connected to the first wing plate, and a groove is provided inside the second sleeve.

7. The unicompartmental osteotomy guide according to claim 6, characterized in that: The angle adjustment device includes: an adjusting column, a protrusion is fixedly provided at the distal end of the adjusting column, the protrusion is engaged with the aforementioned groove, a cam is fixedly provided at the proximal end of the adjusting column, a limiting ball is provided between the cam and the first sleeve, an elastic component is provided between the limiting ball and the cam, and the cam is rotatably provided on the second rotating shaft.

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