Electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot casting device and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot casting device and a method thereof, and belongs to the field of aluminum alloy ingot casting production. Three groups of induction coils are respectively arranged on the left side, the upper part and the lower part of the tundish in front of an aluminum alloy horizontal continuous casting blank, and a formed alternating electromagnetic field enables a melt to generate complex chaotic flow in different directions, so that melt components and a temperature field in the whole tundish are more uniform, and favorable conditions are created for explosive uniform nucleation; the cast ingot is fine and uniform in structure, and segregation is remarkably improved. The method is beneficial for improving the uniformity and consistency of the structure of the aluminum alloy casting blank and improving the quality of the horizontal continuous casting billet, and is suitable for horizontal casting of aluminum alloys of different specifications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aluminum alloy ingot production, and more specifically, to an electromagnetically assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot device and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloys, one of the most widely used lightweight metal structural materials in industry, are widely used in aerospace, automotive, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, and chemical industries. To reduce production costs and improve efficiency, researchers are currently focusing on short-process aluminum alloy production, such as horizontal continuous casting, which offers advantages such as simple equipment, high yield rates, and the ability to achieve continuous casting.

[0003] Compared to vertical semi-continuous casting, aluminum alloy horizontal continuous casting operates horizontally. During the casting process, gravity creates temperature differences between the upper and lower portions of the melt, and cooling intensity differs between the upper and lower surfaces of the ingot, resulting in an uneven microstructure within the ingot. Therefore, achieving a homogeneous microstructure has become a challenge in aluminum alloy horizontal continuous casting.

[0004] In recent years, the use of physical external fields to produce fine-grained, homogeneous aluminum alloy ingots has become a research hotspot. This involves applying electromagnetic fields, ultrasound, mechanical stirring, and other techniques to the melt during the casting process to effectively improve ingot quality. Electromagnetic fields can efficiently and contactlessly heat, refine, restrain, and drive the melt. This approach offers advantages such as simple process equipment and ease of operation, making it widely used. They can improve flow, heat, and mass transfer during melt solidification, ultimately refining grain size, reducing segregation and cracking, and eliminating porosity and shrinkage cavities.

[0005] Patent 200510032537.7 proposes a horizontal continuous casting electromagnetic stirring technology. This technology incorporates unidirectional and bidirectional electromagnetic stirring in the secondary cooling zone and the end of solidification, respectively. The former is designed to break up columnar crystals and reduce the temperature gradient during solidification at the solid-liquid interface, thereby expanding the central equiaxed crystal zone. The latter is designed to improve element distribution in the mushy zone and reduce segregation. However, this method has limited effectiveness in dispersing and breaking up agglomerated secondary phases, and the required equipment is complex, making it difficult to implement.

[0006] Patent 201710230463.0 proposes a method and device for preparing multi-mode electromagnetic field homogenized metal continuous casting billets, which mainly applies a rotating magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field in the horizontal continuous casting billet to act on the composition and temperature of the solid-liquid interface front in the solidification area. The ingot is gradually solidified by the melt in the tundish. This technology ignores the "genetic" effect of the melt treatment on the solidification structure.

[0007] In existing technologies, electromagnetic fields are typically applied to a cold zone in the mold, where the melt is semi-solid and has a low temperature. This results in a narrow processing window and limited refinement, particularly for the dispersion and fragmentation of primary phases. Melt pretreatment is also crucial, as uniform composition and temperature can directly impact subsequent ingot grain size and segregation. Therefore, pre-solidification melt treatment must be considered.

[0008] In summary, how to optimize the timing and method of electromagnetic field action in the horizontal continuous casting process of aluminum alloy to improve the fine grain homogenization effect while taking into account the influence of melt pretreatment on the solidification structure has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to overcome a series of defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide an electromagnetically assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot device and method thereof in response to the above problems. The device mainly consists of a tundish, a crystallization system, and a traction system, wherein a feed port 1 is provided on the upper left side of the tundish for transferring the melt 5 to the tundish, and the tundish mainly consists of a furnace shell 3 and a lining 4; an induction coil I2, an induction coil III7, and an induction coil II6 are respectively provided on the left side and above and below the tundish; the crystallization system is used for solidifying the metal melt 5, and consists of a crystallizer 10 and a cooling water system 11, wherein the crystallizer contains a primary cooling device 8, and an insulation board 9 is installed between the tundish and the crystallization system. The traction system is used for traction of the solidified ingot 13, and consists of an ingot guide head 15 and a traction mechanism 14, wherein the traction mechanism includes a hydraulically adjustable downward pressure device 12. During the casting operation, the alternating electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil I2, the induction coil III7 and the induction coil II8 continuously acts on the melt 5, causing it to form a complex chaotic flow; as time goes by, the effect of the electromagnetic field on the melt continues to change, causing the melt composition and temperature field to be more evenly distributed; as the solidification process proceeds, the melt 5 begins to solidify at a cold position 8, and the cooling water device 11 provides cooling for the ingot, while the traction mechanism 14 pulls the ingot. In order to ensure the flatness of the ingot 13, the ingot clamping device 12 is used to clamp the ingot, and finally a high-quality horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy billet is obtained.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention is conceived as follows:

[0011] During horizontal continuous casting, aluminum alloys are subjected to gravity, which creates a gap between the solidified shell and the wall of the crystallizer that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The small gap results in strong cooling at the contact area of ​​the crystallizer, meaning that the cooling intensity of the lower surface of the ingot is greater than that of the upper surface. This causes the lower ingot to solidify earlier, the initial solidified shell to be thicker, and the resulting segregation layer to be thicker than that of the upper part. Simultaneously, under the action of gravity, elements with high density in the aluminum alloy tend to be enriched in the lower half of the ingot, while elements with low density are enriched in the upper part of the ingot. In particular, when the treatment is incomplete, the melt composition and temperature will become more uneven, ultimately leading to poor structural uniformity. Furthermore, different cooling intensities can lead to inconsistent grain sizes. The present invention contemplates applying an alternating magnetic field at different locations in the tundish in front of the horizontal continuous casting billet of the aluminum alloy, and adjusting the electromagnetic process parameters to change the effect of the melt. For example, by relying on a sine wave, the direction of the induction coil changes continuously within a unit time. This cycle causes the melt to continuously produce complex chaotic flows, thereby uniformizing the composition and temperature field, ultimately making the ingot structure fine and uniform, and significantly improving segregation.

[0012] Furthermore, the induction coil 2, the induction coil 7 and the induction coil 6 are composed of an iron core and a coil. The iron core is square or round, with a size of 20-200mm×20-200mm or φ20-φ200mm; the coil is made of copper wire with a diameter of φ0.5-φ20mm and the number of winding turns is 1-80.

[0013] Furthermore, the crystallizer primary cooling position 8 is made of graphite or copper alloy, and the graphite or copper alloy is used for cooling. The cooling water system 11 has double drainage holes, and the spray hole angles are 45° and 60° respectively; one or more identical crystallizers can be installed simultaneously on the right side of the ladle.

[0014] Furthermore, during the pulling process, a hydraulically adjustable pressing device 12 is used for pressing, which is adjusted according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the ingot to ensure the flatness of the ingot.

[0015] Furthermore, the frequency of the alternating electromagnetic field is 0.1-100 Hz, and the current is 0.01-500A.

[0016] Furthermore, the cooling water flow rate is 0.1-5000L / min, the water inlet temperature is 0-40℃, the water outlet temperature is 10-50℃, and the water inlet pressure is 0.1-6.0Kg / cm 2 Melt temperature 5 is 670-800℃; continuous casting speed is 0.1-300mm / min; ingot cross-sectional area is 10-5000cm 2 .

[0017] Furthermore, the insulation board 8 is a double-layer structure, including an inner insulation board and an outer insulation board. The inner insulation board is made of high-purity graphite material, and the outer insulation board is made of stainless steel material. A cavity is formed between the two insulation boards, and the cavity is filled with thermal insulation material to further improve the insulation effect.

[0018] Furthermore, the surface of the dummy rod 15 is provided with a spiral groove with a pitch of 5-20 mm and a depth of 1-5 mm, so as to increase the friction between the dummy rod 15 and the ingot 13 and prevent the ingot from slipping during the pulling process.

[0019] Furthermore, the inner lining of the tundish is composed of multiple layers of refractory materials, including a thermal insulation layer, a heat preservation layer and an anti-oxidation layer. The thermal insulation layer is made of ceramic fiber material, the heat preservation layer is made of aluminum silicate fiber material, and the anti-oxidation layer is made of stainless steel material to improve the service life and heat preservation performance of the tundish.

[0020] Furthermore, the ingot traction 14 is driven by a variable frequency speed regulating motor, and the traction speed accuracy is controlled within ±0.1 mm / min to ensure uniform shaping and straightness of the ingot.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1) During the horizontal continuous casting process, the present invention utilizes the electromagnetic stirring effect of the alternating electromagnetic field to effectively reduce the temperature gradient of the solid-liquid interface at the solidification front, break up the primary dendrites, and thus uniformize the composition and temperature of the melt.

[0023] 2) The alternating magnetic field generated by the present invention can enhance the interaction between solute atoms, optimize the diffusion process of the melt, and thus improve the element segregation during the horizontal continuous casting process.

[0024] 3) The method and device of the present invention have a simple structure, are easy to operate, do not pollute the melt, and have a significant improvement effect.

[0025] The terms ingot, billet, and billet used in the present invention have the same meaning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for electromagnetically assisted horizontal continuous casting of ingots according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the method for preparing high-quality ingots through a continuous casting process in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is the optical microstructure of the A390 ingot in Example 1.

[0029] Figure 4This is the optical microstructure of the 6061 ingot in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Throughout the drawings, identical or similar reference numerals represent identical or similar elements or elements having identical or similar functions. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The embodiments and directional terms described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0033] In a broad embodiment of the present invention, an electromagnetically assisted horizontal continuous casting apparatus for aluminum alloy ingots primarily comprises a tundish, a crystallization system, and a traction system. A feed port 1 is provided above the left side of the tundish for transferring melt 5 to the tundish, which primarily comprises a furnace shell 3 and a lining 4. Induction coils I2, III7, and II6 are positioned on the left side and above and below the tundish, respectively. The crystallization system, used to solidify the molten metal 5, comprises a crystallizer 10 and a cooling water system 11, wherein the crystallizer includes a primary cooling device 8, and an insulation board 9 is installed between the tundish and the crystallization system. The traction system, used to pull the solidified ingot 13, comprises an ingot starter 15 and a traction mechanism 14, wherein the traction mechanism includes a hydraulically adjustable downward pressure device 12.

[0034] Furthermore, the induction coil 2, the induction coil 7 and the induction coil 6 are composed of an iron core and a coil. The iron core is square or round, with a size of 20-200mm×20-200mm or φ20-φ200mm; the coil is made of copper wire with a diameter of φ0.5-φ20mm and the number of winding turns is 1-80.

[0035] Furthermore, the crystallizer primary cooling position 8 is made of graphite or copper alloy, and the graphite or copper alloy is used for cooling. The cooling water system 11 has double drainage holes, and the spray hole angles are 45° and 60° respectively; one or more identical crystallizers can be installed simultaneously on the right side of the ladle.

[0036] Furthermore, the cooling water flow rate is 0.1-5000L / min, the water inlet temperature is 0-40℃, the water outlet temperature is 10-50℃, and the water inlet pressure is 0.1-6.0Kg / cm 2Melt temperature 5 is 670-800℃; continuous casting speed is 0.1-300mm / min; ingot cross-sectional area is 10-5000cm 2 .

[0037] Furthermore, the insulation board 8 is a double-layer structure, including an inner insulation board and an outer insulation board. The inner insulation board is made of high-purity graphite material, and the outer insulation board is made of stainless steel material. A cavity is formed between the two insulation boards, and the cavity is filled with thermal insulation material to further improve the insulation effect.

[0038] Furthermore, a spiral groove is provided on the surface of the dummy head 15, the pitch of the spiral groove is 5-20 mm, and the depth is 1-5 mm, so as to increase the friction between the dummy rod 15 and the ingot 13 and prevent the ingot from slipping during the traction process; the ingot traction 14 is driven by a variable frequency speed regulation motor, and the traction speed accuracy is controlled at ±0.1 mm / min to ensure the uniform forming and straightness of the ingot.

[0039] Further The inner lining of the tundish is composed of multiple layers of refractory materials, including a thermal insulation layer, a heat preservation layer and an anti-oxidation layer. The thermal insulation layer is made of ceramic fiber material, the heat preservation layer is made of aluminum silicate fiber material, and the anti-oxidation layer is made of stainless steel material to improve the service life and thermal insulation performance of the tundish.

[0040] A method for electromagnetically assisted horizontal continuous casting of aluminum alloy ingots comprises the following steps: during the casting operation, an alternating electromagnetic field generated by induction coils I2, III7, and II8 continuously acts on a melt 5, causing it to form a complex chaotic flow; as time passes, the effect of the electromagnetic field on the melt continuously changes, causing the melt composition and temperature field to be more uniformly distributed; as the solidification process proceeds, the melt 5 begins to solidify at a cold position 8, a cooling water device 11 provides cooling for the ingot, and a traction mechanism 14 pulls the ingot; in order to ensure the flatness of the ingot 13, an ingot clamping device 12 is used to clamp the ingot, thereby ultimately obtaining a high-quality horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy billet.

[0041] Furthermore, the frequency of the alternating electromagnetic field is 0.1-100 Hz, and the current is 0.01-500A.

[0042] Furthermore, as time goes by, the direction of the electromagnetic field changes continuously, making the melt composition and temperature field distribution more uniform, including the following steps:

[0043] By formula Determine the magnetic field amplitude B0, angular frequency ω and direction of the induction coil Control the alternating characteristics of the electromagnetic field;

[0044] Using the Lorentz force formula F em(t) = ρ(J(t) × B(t)), the alternating electromagnetic field acts on the free charges and ions in the melt to generate an electromagnetic force that varies with time, where F em (t) is the electromagnetic force that changes with time t, acting on the free charges or ions in the melt; B(t) is the magnetic field strength vector that changes with time t, indicating the strength of the electromagnetic field; ρ is the density of the melt; J(t) is the current density that changes with time t, indicating the flow intensity of charges per unit area;

[0045] Through the heat conduction equation Adjust the electromagnetic heating source Q em (t), so that the melt temperature gradually becomes uniform, where is the rate of temperature change; α is the thermal diffusivity, which indicates the speed at which heat is conducted in the melt; is the gradient operator, which represents the spatial derivative; T is the temperature field, which represents the temperature distribution of each point in the melt; c p is the specific heat capacity of the melt;

[0046] Using the diffusion equation The electromagnetic force is used to enhance the diffusion and mixing of melt components to achieve uniform distribution, where is the rate of change of concentration over time, describing the evolution of melt composition over time; D is the mass diffusion coefficient, indicating the diffusion capacity of alloy elements inside the melt; C is the component concentration, describing the content of alloy elements at each position in the melt; v(t) is the melt flow rate at time t, which changes under the action of electromagnetic force; J em (t) is the current density caused by electromagnetic stirring at time t.

[0047] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] In this embodiment, see Figure 1An electromagnetically assisted horizontal continuous casting system for aluminum alloy ingots comprises a tundish, a crystallization system, and an ingot traction system. Induction coils I2, III7, and II6 are located on the left side and above and below the tundish, respectively. The crystallization system consists of a mold 10 and a cooling water system 11, with the mold containing a primary cooling device 8. The traction system, used to pull the solidified ingot 13, comprises a starter head 15 and a traction mechanism 14, including a hydraulically adjustable downward pressure device 12. The system is characterized in that after refining and degassing, the melt 5 flows from the tundish furnace port 1. The tundish is composed of a furnace shell 3 and an inner lining 4. A thermal insulation board 8 is installed between the melt 5 and the crystallization system to prevent overheating of the mold. After casting begins, the induction coils 2, 6, and 7 are energized. The alternating electromagnetic field continuously acts on the melt 5, causing it to form a complex chaotic flow. Over time, the direction of the electromagnetic field continuously changes, making the melt composition and temperature field more uniform. As the solidification process continues, the metal melt solidifies in a cold position 8, and the cooling water 11 cools the ingot. At the same time, the casting machine works to pull the ingot. At the same time, in order to ensure the flatness of the ingot 13, the ingot clamping device 12 is used to clamp the ingot, and finally high-quality horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy billets are obtained.

[0050] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, A390 alloy ingots are prepared. The material used in the first cold position 8 is copper alloy with an inner diameter of 67.8 mm. Pure aluminum, electrolytic copper, pure magnesium, pure silicon, etc. are melted and refined according to the ingredient list and production process. After refining, the converter is transferred to the tundish. Before casting, the induction coil is energized and the core size is The diameter of the copper wire in the coil is The number of winding turns is 15. The frequency is industrial frequency, and the current is 20A. Turn on the cooling water, the cooling water flow is 800L / min, the cooling water temperature is 20℃, and the water inlet pressure is 3.2Kg / cm 2 , the melt temperature in the tundish is maintained at 750-770°C. The speed of the ingot guide rod 15 is set to 120mm / min, which matches the ingot 13 withdrawal speed. The applied electromagnetic field continuously acts on the melt 5, causing an electromagnetic effect at the front of the solid-liquid interface corresponding to a cold position 8 of the crystallizer, thereby improving the conditions for explosive nucleation. At the same time, it acts on the solute atoms and changes the melt diffusion process. As solidification proceeds, the metal melt solidifies at a cold position 8, and then the cooling water 11 cools the ingot. At the same time, the ingot guide machine works to pull the ingot 13. At the same time, in order to ensure the straightness of the ingot 13, the ingot clamping device 12 is used to clamp the ingot. Finally, the A390 ingot has a fine and uniform primary Si structure, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that the ingot grade is 6061 and the inner diameter of the first cold position is 256mm. The main consideration of this ingot is the grain refinement of the structure. The electromagnetic frequency is adjusted to 15Hz and the current is 80A. At the same time, the corresponding casting process parameters are adjusted to obtain a fine-grained and homogeneous aluminum alloy continuous casting ingot with an average size of 102μm. Figure 4 shown.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] This embodiment is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the ingot grade is 2219, the inner diameter of the first cooling position is 178 mm, the electromagnetic frequency is adjusted to 50 Hz, and the current is 50 A. The casting process parameters are adjusted accordingly to obtain a high-quality aluminum alloy continuous casting ingot with a Cu segregation rate of 1.8%.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or that some of the technical features may be replaced with equivalents; such modifications or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot device, characterized in that: The device mainly consists of a tundish, a crystallization system, and a traction system. A feed port (1) is provided on the upper left side of the tundish for transferring the melt (5) to the tundish. The tundish mainly consists of a furnace shell (3) and a lining (4). An induction coil I (2), an induction coil III (7), and an induction coil II (6) are respectively provided on the left side and above and below the tundish. The crystallization system is used for solidifying the metal melt (5) and consists of a crystallizer (10) and a cooling water system (11). The crystallizer includes a primary cooling device (8). A heat insulation plate (9) is installed between the tundish and the crystallization system. The traction system is used for traction of the solidified ingot (13). It consists of an ingot starter (15) and a traction mechanism (14). The traction mechanism includes a hydraulically adjustable downward pressure device (12).

2. The electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The induction coils outside the tundish are composed of an iron core and a coil. The iron core is square or round, with a size of 20-200mm×20-200mm or φ20-φ200mm; the coil is made of copper wire with a diameter of φ0.5-φ20mm and a winding number of 1-80 turns.

3. The electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crystallizer primary cooling device (8) is made of graphite or copper alloy for cooling, and the cooling water system (11) has double drainage holes, with the spray hole angles of 45° and 60° respectively; one or more identical crystallizers can be installed simultaneously on the right side of the tundish.

4. The electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the dummy rod (13) is provided with a spiral groove with a pitch of 5-20 mm and a depth of 1-5 mm to increase the friction between the dummy rod (13) and the ingot. The traction is driven by a variable frequency speed regulating motor, and the traction speed accuracy is controlled within ±0.1 mm / min. During the traction process, a hydraulically adjustable pressing device (12) is used to press the ingot, which is adjusted according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the ingot to ensure the flatness of the ingot.

5. The electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy ingot device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner lining of the tundish is composed of multiple layers of refractory materials, including a heat insulating layer, a thermal insulation layer and an anti-oxidation layer. The heat insulating layer is made of ceramic fiber material, the thermal insulation layer is made of aluminum silicate fiber material, and the anti-oxidation layer is made of stainless steel material to improve the service life and thermal insulation performance of the tundish.

6. A method for electromagnetically assisted horizontal continuous casting of aluminum alloy ingots, characterized in that: During the casting operation, the alternating electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil I (2), the induction coil III (7) and the induction coil II (8) continuously acts on the melt (5), causing it to form a complex chaotic flow; as time goes by, the effect of the electromagnetic field on the melt continues to change, causing the melt composition and temperature field to be more uniformly distributed; as the solidification process proceeds, the melt (5) begins to solidify at a cold position (8), the cooling water device (11) provides cooling for the ingot, and the traction mechanism (14) pulls the ingot. In order to ensure the flatness of the ingot (13), the ingot clamping device (12) is used to clamp the ingot, and finally a high-quality horizontal continuous casting aluminum alloy billet is obtained.

7. The electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting method for aluminum alloy ingots according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process is suitable for the preparation and production of round billets, hollow billets, square billets and heterogeneous composite aluminum alloy billets.

8. The electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting method for aluminum alloy ingots according to claim 6, characterized in that: The applied electromagnetic frequency is 0.1-100 Hz, the current is 0.01-500 A, and the form is an alternating magnetic field.

9. The electromagnetic-assisted horizontal continuous casting method for aluminum alloy ingots according to claim 6, characterized in that: When producing ingots in horizontal continuous casting, the cooling water flow rate is 0.1-5000L / min, the cooling water inlet temperature is 0-40℃, the cooling water outlet temperature is 10-50℃, the tundish metal melt temperature is 670-800℃, the continuous casting speed is 0.1-300mm / min, and the water inlet pressure is 0.1-6.0Kg / cm 2 , ingot cross-sectional area 10-5000cm 2 .

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