Multifunctional high-precision static pressure main shaft structure of grinding machine headstock

Abstract

The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure main shaft structure comprises a headstock base, and a headstock shell is installed on the upper portion of the headstock base; the bearing system comprises a front bearing system, a rear bearing system and a main shaft, and the main shaft penetrates through the front bearing system and the rear bearing system; the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic station and a hydraulic pipeline; the throttler system comprises a gap throttler and a throttler flushing device; the front bearing system and the rear bearing system are coaxially arranged and are internally provided with a static pressure oil cavity and a positioning conical surface; the driving mechanism comprises a driving part and a transmission part; and the mode switching device is mounted at the rear end of the rear bearing system. The headstock spindle can be freely switched to the fixed mode and the rotating mode, and the requirements of various application scenes are met. The rotating precision and the stability are extremely high in a main shaft rotating mode; and when the main shaft is switched to the fixed mode, the main shaft of the headstock can be stable and fixed, and the positioning is reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grinding machine equipment, in particular to a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure. Background Art

[0002] In today's precision grinding field, the headstock is a key functional component of the cylindrical grinder, and its performance directly affects the processing accuracy and stability. Traditional grinding machine headstock spindles mostly use ordinary sliding bearings or rolling bearing structures: ordinary sliding bearings are easy to wear, and the spindle rotation accuracy is difficult to guarantee after long-term use. For precision grinding, such as optical lenses, aircraft engine rotors, hydraulic parts and other high-precision parts processing, it is impossible to meet the sub-micron or even higher precision requirements; although rolling bearings have a compact structure, do not require maintenance, and can rotate at a high speed, their rotation accuracy is still insufficient when facing ultra-precision grinding. In addition, the structural design of the traditional headstock has defects in thermal stability. During long-term continuous processing, the heat generated by the spindle operation cannot be dissipated effectively and in a timely manner, which will cause thermal deformation of the spindle and headstock components, thereby affecting the processing accuracy.

[0003] European and American countries have used hydrostatic shafting to solve the above-mentioned problems. However, due to the complexity of the structure, the manufacturing cost is high, and the throttle used in conjunction with it is easily affected by pipeline contamination, causing the hydrostatic bearing to fail due to throttle blockage, leading to failure. In addition, the headstock spindle structure using a hydrostatic shafting system is difficult to meet the requirements of two different application scenarios: the headstock spindle is fixed and the headstock spindle rotates with high precision. This results in the grinding machine headstock with a hydrostatic structure not only having a complex structure, prone to failure, and difficult to promote, but also difficult to meet the requirements of both the headstock spindle being fixed and the headstock spindle being rotated with high precision.

[0004] Based on the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure, comprising:

[0007] A head frame base, wherein a head frame shell is installed on the upper part of the head frame base;

[0008] A bearing system, the bearing system comprising a front bearing system, a rear bearing system and a spindle, the front bearing system and the rear bearing system being mounted at the front and rear ends of the head frame housing, respectively, and the spindle passing through the front bearing system and the rear bearing system;

[0009] A hydraulic system, comprising a hydraulic station and hydraulic pipelines;

[0010] A throttle system, the throttle system including a slit throttle and a throttle flushing device, the throttle flushing device being arranged in the head frame housing, located between the front bearing system and the rear bearing system, and being passed through by the main shaft, and being used to flush a clogged slit throttle, the front bearing system and the rear bearing system being coaxially arranged and provided with a static oil chamber, an oil through hole being provided on the inner wall of the static oil chamber, the slit throttle being connected to the oil through hole, and the pressure oil pumped by the hydraulic station being connected to the slit throttle through the hydraulic pipeline;

[0011] A driving mechanism, comprising a driving component and a transmission component, wherein the driving component is mounted on the head frame housing, and the transmission component is mounted on the front bearing system, and the transmission component and the driving component are in transmission cooperation;

[0012] A mode switching device is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing system and is used to switch the main shaft to a fixed state or a rotating state.

[0013] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure provided by the present invention, the front bearing system includes:

[0014] A front joint body, wherein the front joint body is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame shell, and the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame shell is interference fit with the outer circular surface of the left end of the front joint body, and the head frame shell and the front joint body are fixed by screws; the main shaft passes through the front joint body, the inner hole of the front joint body is a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the inner hole and the front end of the main shaft are respectively provided with a short positioning conical surface, the conical surface of the front joint body is the same as the front end conical surface of the main shaft, and can completely fit;

[0015] Several groups of static oil chambers are arranged at equal intervals on the inner hole wall of the front joint body. The oil through holes are opened on the inner wall of the static oil chamber. Oil unloading grooves are set between adjacent static oil chambers. One end of the oil unloading groove is connected to the inner cavity oil return path of the head frame shell. Two groups of oil return holes I are opened on the front joint body.

[0016] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure provided by the present invention, the rear bearing system includes:

[0017] A rear joint body, wherein the rear joint body is coaxially arranged with the rear end mounting hole of the head frame shell, and the rear end mounting hole of the head frame shell is interference fit with the outer circular surface of the right end of the rear joint body, the head frame shell and the rear joint body are fixed by screws, and the inner hole of the rear joint body is a cylindrical structure;

[0018] The inner hole of the rear joint body has the same diameter as the inner hole of the front joint body and is coaxial.

[0019] A rear hydrostatic bearing is coaxially mounted within the inner bore of the rear joint body and forms an interference fit with the inner bore of the rear joint body. The inner bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing is tapered, and a tapered outer diameter matching the inner bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing is machined on the end of the spindle facing away from the workpiece. This precisely mates with the inner tapered bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing, achieving a consistent shape and a wide contact surface. This fit provides reliable support and positioning accuracy when the headstock spindle is stationary. Furthermore, when the headstock spindle rotates, a uniform oil film gap is formed between the tapered bore and the tapered outer diameter, ensuring rotational accuracy and support rigidity.

[0020] The inner wall of the rear hydrostatic bearing is provided with a plurality of groups of hydrostatic oil chambers, the oil through holes are opened on the inner walls of the oil chambers of the rear joint body and the rear hydrostatic bearing, and the oil through holes on the rear joint body are coaxially arranged with the oil through holes on the rear hydrostatic bearing, and the hydrostatic oil chambers are communicated with the oil through holes;

[0021] Among them, the outer wall of the rear joint body and the outer wall of the front joint body are respectively provided with annular oil grooves, and the gap throttles are distributed in the annular oil grooves. The pressure oil is distributed to the vicinity of the gap throttle through the annular oil grooves respectively provided on the outer wall of the rear joint body and the outer wall of the front joint body, and is distributed into the oil through holes through several gap throttles, and enters the static oil cavity from the oil through holes. An oil unloading groove is provided between any adjacent static oil cavities for returning the pressure oil to the inner cavity of the head frame shell, and an oil return hole II is provided on the rear static pressure bearing.

[0022] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure provided by the present invention, the hydraulic pipeline includes:

[0023] A tee, the tee being mounted on the head frame housing, the output end of the hydraulic station being connected to the liquid inlet end of the tee;

[0024] High-pressure pipelines, two groups of which are provided, and pressure oil channels are opened on the inner wall of the head frame housing, and the pressure oil channels are respectively connected to the annular oil groove on the front joint body and the annular oil groove on the rear joint body, and the high-pressure pipelines are respectively connected to the two groups of pressure oil channels;

[0025] An oil return pipe is provided with an oil return hole below the inner cavity of the head frame shell, the oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole, and the oil return pipe is connected to the hydraulic station.

[0026] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure provided by the present invention, the driving component includes:

[0027] A drive motor, wherein the drive motor is fixed to the head frame housing;

[0028] A driving pulley is fixed on the output shaft of the driving motor.

[0029] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure provided by the present invention, the transmission component includes:

[0030] A rolling bearing, wherein the rolling bearing is fixed on the outer wall of the front joint body;

[0031] A driven pulley, the driven pulley is fixed above the outer wall of the bearing, and the driven pulley is coupled with the driving pulley via a belt transmission;

[0032] An end cover, wherein the end cover is fixed to the front end of the driven pulley, a seal is provided between the end cover and the main shaft, a seal is provided between the inner wall of the driven pulley away from the end cover and the front joint body, and a seal is provided between the driven pulley and the end cover respectively. A closed cavity is formed between the three sets of seals and the main shaft, the driven pulley, the front joint body and the end cover, and the oil unloading groove and the oil return hole I are connected to the closed cavity;

[0033] Among them, a water shield is installed on the end cover, and a driving component is detachably connected to the front end of the end cover. The driving component can realize the driving connection between the end cover and the main shaft. The position of the driving motor is adjusted by bolts to achieve belt tensioning or loosening adjustment.

[0034] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure provided by the present invention, the throttle flushing device includes:

[0035] A steel fork, wherein the steel fork is a U-shaped structure, and the lower end surface of the steel fork is configured as a symmetrical inclined surface;

[0036] Sealing sleeves, the sealing sleeves are provided in two groups, the two groups have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, the two groups of sealing sleeves are symmetrically sleeved on the main shaft, and a gap is provided between the inner hole of the sealing sleeve and the main shaft. The sealing sleeves are provided in the inner cavity of the head frame shell, between the front joint body and the rear joint body;

[0037] A screw seat, the screw seat being fixed on the cover plate of the head frame shell;

[0038] A screw, the screw being rotatably connected to the screw seat, the threaded portion of the screw being threadedly connected to the middle position of the steel fork;

[0039] Among them, the sealing sleeve is inlaid with a number of pressing steel balls, and the pressing steel balls are in contact with the inclined surface of the steel fork; the other end of the sealing sleeve is provided with mounting holes and guide holes at equal intervals in the circumference, and a sealing cone plug is installed in the mounting hole, and there are guide pins for guiding the direction between the guide hole and the front joint body and the rear joint body, and there are also support seats and supporting semicircular rails for supporting the sealing sleeve below; oil drain holes are respectively provided on the front joint body and the rear joint body, and the sealing cone plug can abut against the oil drain hole for sealing.

[0040] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure provided by the present invention, the mode switching device includes:

[0041] A threaded adjustment sleeve is coaxially arranged at the rear end of the rear joint body, and is equipped with a plurality of sets of set screws, which achieve locking and fastening between the threaded adjustment sleeve and the rear joint body; and the front end of the threaded adjustment sleeve forms a contact support with the rear end surface of the rear hydrostatic bearing to achieve fine adjustment of the position of the rear hydrostatic bearing;

[0042] A thrust bearing is coaxially mounted on the rear end of the threaded adjustment sleeve;

[0043] A bearing rear gland, which is mounted on the rear end of the thrust bearing and has a plurality of countersunk holes equidistantly spaced around the circumference of the bearing rear gland;

[0044] Compression springs, wherein the compression springs are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of compression springs are respectively arranged in the countersunk holes;

[0045] a pressure pad, the pressure pad being sleeved on the main shaft, and one end of the compression spring being in contact with the pressure pad;

[0046] An adjusting nut, wherein the adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the rear end thread of the main shaft, and the pressure pad is in contact with one end surface of the adjusting nut under the elastic force of the compression spring;

[0047] A dust cover is installed at the rear end of the rear joint body, and the threaded adjustment sleeve, the thrust bearing, the bearing rear pressure cover, the pressure pad, and the adjusting nut are all located in the dust cover.

[0048] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0049] 1) The mode switch allows for easy adjustment of the spindle's operating state to suit different grinding scenarios. When switched to spindle rotation mode, the headstock spindle achieves high-precision rotary motion, enabling high-precision grinding of disc-shaped or shorter workpieces. Switching to spindle fixed mode, the spindle remains stationary, allowing for double-top grinding using the center holes at both ends of the workpiece. This balances the needs of two different scenarios, enabling the integration of multiple functions and flexible conversion.

[0050] 2) When the headstock spindle is rotating, a pressure oil film is formed in the static oil chambers of the front and rear bearing systems, achieving a pure liquid lubrication state between the headstock spindle and the front and rear bearing systems, greatly reducing friction and wear, ensuring that the spindle has extremely high rotation accuracy and stability during rotation, effectively reducing vibration and noise, and improving processing accuracy and surface quality.

[0051] 3) The adopted slit throttle can realize the throttling effect and automatically match the pressure oil flow required by the multiple groups of static oil chambers in the front and rear bearing systems, ensuring the rotation accuracy and rigidity of the spindle and meeting the requirements of high-precision rotation of the headstock spindle.

[0052] 4) The throttle flushing device arranged between the front and rear bearing systems can flush the throttle when necessary to prevent impurities and dirt from clogging the throttle, ensure the smooth flow of the pressure oil circuit, and further improve the reliability and stability of the system.

[0053] 5) The joint bodies of the front and rear bearing systems are coaxially arranged, and the inner bores utilize a cylindrical structure with a consistent diameter, facilitating precision machining and assembly. The rear bearing system also utilizes a hydrostatic oil chamber with an inner conical surface, precisely mating with the rear conical surface of the spindle to provide radial and axial slewing support. Furthermore, when the headstock spindle is fixed, the front conical surface of the front bearing system mates with the front conical surface of the spindle, while the tapered inner bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing mates with the rear conical surface of the spindle, providing reliable support for the headstock spindle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the static pressure spindle structure (in the spindle rotation mode) of the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock of the present invention. Figure I ;

[0056] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the static pressure spindle structure of the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock (in the spindle fixed mode) of the present invention. Figure II ;

[0057] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the flushing device of the throttle of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the front joint body of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 It is a left side view of the front joint body of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 It is a sectional view of the main shaft main view of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 It is a left side view of the main shaft of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steel fork of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the oil circuit for flushing the throttle of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the oil entering the inner cavity of the driven pulley for circulation and lubrication according to the present invention.

[0066] Among them, 1. head frame base; 2. head frame shell;

[0067] 3. Bearing system;

[0068] 310, front bearing system; 320, rear bearing system; 330, main shaft; 340, static pressure oil chamber;

[0069] 311, front joint body; 312, oil unloading tank; 313, oil return hole I;

[0070] 321, rear joint body; 322, rear hydrostatic bearing; 323, annular oil groove; 324, oil return hole II;

[0071] 4. Hydraulic system;

[0072] 410. Hydraulic station (static pressure tank); 420. Hydraulic pipeline;

[0073] 421, tee; 422, high-pressure pipeline; 423, pressure oil channel;

[0074] 5. Throttle system;

[0075] 510, gap restrictor; 520, restrictor flushing device;

[0076] 521, steel fork; 522, sealing sleeve; 523, screw seat; 524, cover plate; 525, screw; 526, top pressure steel ball; 527, sealing cone plug; 528, oil drain hole; 529, supporting semicircular rail; 530, supporting seat;

[0077] 6. Driving mechanism;

[0078] 610, driving component; 620, transmission component;

[0079] 611, driving motor; 612, driving pulley;

[0080] 621. Rolling bearing; 622. Driven pulley; 623. Transmission belt; 624. End cover; 625. Seal; 626. Water shield; 627. Lever;

[0081] 7. Mode switching device;

[0082] 701. Threaded adjustment sleeve; 702. Thrust bearing; 703. Bearing rear pressure cover; 704. Spring; 705. Pressure pad; 706. Adjusting nut; 707. Dust cover; 708. Driving component. Specific implementation plan

[0083] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0085] Reference Figure 1-11 The present invention provides a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure, comprising:

[0086] A head frame base 1, with a head frame shell 2 installed on the upper part of the head frame base 1;

[0087] Bearing system 3, bearing system 3 includes a front bearing system 310, a rear bearing system 320 and a spindle 330. The front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320 are respectively mounted on the front and rear ends of the head frame housing 2, and the spindle 330 passes through the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320;

[0088] Hydraulic system 4, which includes a hydraulic station 410 and hydraulic pipelines 420;

[0089] The throttle system 5 includes a slit throttle 510 and a throttle flushing device 520. The throttle flushing device 520 is disposed within the head frame housing 2, between the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320, and is passed through by the main shaft 330. It is used to flush a clogged slit throttle 510. The front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320 are respectively provided with a static oil chamber 340. The static oil chamber 340 is provided with an oil through hole. The slit throttle 510 is connected to the oil through hole. The pressure oil pumped by the hydraulic station 410 is connected to the slit throttle 510 through the hydraulic pipeline 420.

[0090] The drive mechanism 6 includes a drive component 610 and a transmission component 620. The drive component 610 is mounted on the head frame housing 2, and the transmission component 620 is mounted on the front bearing system 310. The transmission component 620 and the drive component 610 are in transmission cooperation with each other;

[0091] The mode switching device 7 is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing system 320 and is used to switch the main shaft 330 to a fixed mode or a rotating mode according to process requirements.

[0092] When the mode switching device 7 is in spindle rotation mode, the hydraulic station 410 is activated to pump pressurized oil. This oil is then delivered to the annular oil groove 323 via the hydraulic line 420 and distributed near the slotted restrictors 510. After passing through the throttling action of the slotted restrictors 510, the oil enters the static oil chambers 340 of the front and rear bearing systems 310, 320 through the oil passages. Pressure builds up within the static oil chambers 340. In the rotation mode, the spindle 330, driven by the axial pressure of the rear static bearing 322, moves forward a slight distance, separating from the supporting cones of the front and rear bearing systems 310, 320. This allows the spindle 330 to be hydraulically suspended, supported by the oil film, significantly reducing friction and wear. After the drive member 708 is installed on the end cap 624, the end face retaining groove of the spindle 330 fits snugly within the opposite side structure of the drive member 708. In this way, the torque and motion output by the driving component 610 are transmitted to the end cover 624 and the driving member 708 through the transmission component 620, and finally to the main shaft 330, thereby achieving high-precision rotation of the main shaft 330 and stable operation under the support of the pressure oil film.

[0093] When it is necessary to switch the mold switching device 7 to the spindle fixed mode, the pressure oil in the hydraulic line 420 should first be shut off, reducing the pressure in the front and rear bearing systems to zero. Then, the drive component 708 should be removed, and the shift lever 627, which drives the workpiece rotation, should be installed. The adjusting nut 706 should be rotated appropriately to pull the spindle 330 backward. The front and rear tapered outer surfaces of the spindle 330 will gradually approach the front tapered surface of the front joint body 311 and the tapered inner bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322. Ultimately, the front and rear tapered surfaces of the spindle 330 will fully align with the corresponding tapered surfaces of the front and rear bearing systems, forming reliable surface contact and support. The resulting friction restricts the movement of the spindle 330. At this point, the torque and motion of the drive component 610 are transmitted via the transmission component 620 to the end cap 624, to which the shift lever 627, which drives the workpiece rotation, is fixed. By installing a suitable fixed center in the Morse taper bore of the spindle 330, the device of the present invention can be put into the headstock spindle fixed working mode.

[0094] During equipment operation, if the slot restrictor 510 becomes clogged, it can be flushed using the restrictor flushing device 520. Disposed between the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320 and passed through by the main shaft 330, the restrictor flushing device 520 flushes the clogged slot restrictor 510 using pressurized oil or other flushing medium (such as specialized cleaning oil) provided by the hydraulic system 4. This ensures the normal throttling function of the slot restrictor 510, thereby maintaining the stability of the oil film within the static oil chamber 340 and the normal operation of the main shaft 330.

[0095] Further optimizing the solution, the front bearing system 310 includes:

[0096] The front joint body 311 is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame shell 2, and the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame shell 2 is interference fit with the outer cylindrical surface of the left end of the front joint body 311. The head frame shell 2 and the front joint body 311 are fixed by screws; ensuring that the two are tightly connected and accurately positioned, and providing a basis for the coaxial arrangement of the front and rear bearing systems.

[0097] The spindle 330 passes through the front joint body 311. The inner hole of the front joint body 311 is a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the inner hole and the front end of the spindle 330 are respectively provided with positioning conical surfaces. The front end conical surface of the front joint body 311 and the front end conical surface of the spindle 330 have the same taper, which can fit tightly to form reliable automatic positioning and support.

[0098] Several groups of static oil chambers 340 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner hole wall of the front joint body 311, and oil holes are opened on the inner wall of the static oil chamber 340. Oil unloading grooves 312 are arranged between adjacent static oil chambers 340. One end of the oil unloading groove 312 is connected to the inner cavity return oil circuit of the head frame shell 2, and the other end of the oil unloading groove 312 is connected to the inner cavity of the driven pulley 622 through the front end conical surface of the front joint body 311. Two groups of oil return holes I 313 are also opened on the front joint body 311.

[0099] When the pressure oil overflows from the static oil chamber 340 to the adjacent oil unloading groove 312, part of the oil flows directly back to the inner cavity of the head frame shell 2 through the oil unloading groove 312, and the other part of the oil enters the inner cavity of the driven pulley 622, passes through the gap between the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing 621, and finally flows back to the inner cavity of the head frame shell 2 through the return oil hole I313, and returns to the hydraulic station 410 through the return oil pipeline, completing the circulation of the pressure oil.

[0100] Further optimizing the solution, the rear bearing system 320 includes:

[0101] The rear joint body 321 is coaxially arranged with the rear end mounting hole of the head frame shell 2, and the rear end mounting hole of the head frame shell 2 is interference fit with the outer cylindrical surface of the right end of the rear joint body 321. The head frame shell 2 and the rear joint body 321 are fixed by screws to ensure that the two are tightly connected and accurately positioned, and provide a basis for the coaxial arrangement of the front and rear bearing systems.

[0102] Furthermore, the inner hole of the rear joint body 321 is a cylindrical structure; and is coaxially arranged with the cylindrical inner hole of the front joint body 311, and has the same diameter;

[0103] The rear static pressure bearing 322 is coaxially installed in the cylindrical inner hole of the rear joint body 321, and has an interference fit with the inner hole of the rear joint body 321. The inner hole of the rear static pressure bearing 322 is a tapered hole structure, and the rear end of the main shaft 330 is machined with a tapered outer circle that matches the shape of the inner hole of the rear static pressure bearing 322 to ensure the positioning accuracy and reliable support of the rear end of the main shaft 330.

[0104] The inner wall of the rear static pressure bearing 322 is provided with a plurality of static pressure oil chambers 340. Oil holes are provided on the inner walls of the oil chambers of the rear joint body 321 and the rear static pressure bearing 322. The oil holes on the rear joint body 321 are coaxially arranged with the oil holes on the rear static pressure bearing 322. The static pressure oil chambers 340 are connected to the oil holes.

[0105] Several groups of static oil chambers 340 are provided in the tapered inner hole of the rear static pressure bearing 322 . When the headstock spindle is in the rotation mode, the pressure oil enters the static oil chambers 340 through the oil holes to form static pressure support for the spindle 330 .

[0106] Annular oil grooves 323 are formed on the outer walls of the rear joint body 321 and the outer walls of the front joint body 311. Several sets of slot restrictors 510 are distributed within these annular oil grooves 323. Pressurized oil enters these annular oil grooves 323 through the oil passage 423 and is distributed near each slot restrictor 510. The oil is then distributed through the slot restrictors 510 into the oil holes and ultimately into the static oil chamber 340. The throttling effect of the slot restrictors 510 ensures precise matching of pressure and flow, ensuring the rigidity of the oil film within the static oil chamber 340. Oil discharge grooves 312 are provided between adjacent static oil chambers 340 to return excess pressurized oil to the interior of the head frame housing 2. An oil return hole II 324 is provided in the rear static bearing 322 to discharge oil from the rear end of the rear static bearing 322 back into the interior of the head frame housing 2, achieving a return cycle for the pressurized oil.

[0107] Further optimizing the solution, the hydraulic line 420 includes:

[0108] The tee 421 is installed on the head frame housing 2, and the output end of the hydraulic station 410 is connected to the liquid inlet end of the tee 421;

[0109] High-pressure pipeline 422, two groups of high-pressure pipeline 422 are provided. The inner wall of the head frame housing 2 is provided with a pressure oil channel 423. The pressure oil channel 423 is respectively connected to the annular oil groove 323 on the front joint body 311 and the annular oil groove 323 on the rear joint body 321. The high-pressure pipeline 422 is respectively connected to the two groups of pressure oil channels 423;

[0110] An oil return pipe is provided with an oil return hole below the inner cavity of the head frame shell 2 , and the oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole, and the oil return pipe is connected to the hydraulic station 410 .

[0111] The output end of the hydraulic station 410 is connected to the liquid inlet end of a tee 421 mounted on the head frame housing 2, delivering pressurized oil to the tee 421. The tee 421 distributes the pressurized oil to two sets of high-pressure pipelines 422. The high-pressure pipelines 422, through pressure oil channels 423 on the inner wall of the head frame housing 2, are connected to annular oil grooves 323 on the front joint body 311 and the rear joint body 321, respectively. The pressurized oil is then distributed through the annular oil grooves 323 to the periphery of several slit restrictors 510. After being throttled by the restrictors, the pressurized oil enters the static pressure oil chambers 340 of the front and rear bearing systems 320 through their respective oil holes.

[0112] An oil return hole is provided on the headstock housing 2, and an oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole and transports the return oil back to the hydraulic station 410. This forms a circulation system for the pressure oil, ensuring a continuous supply and normal circulation of the pressure oil.

[0113] Further optimizing the solution, the driving component 610 includes:

[0114] The driving motor 611 is fixed on the head frame housing 2;

[0115] The driving pulley 612 is fixed on the output shaft of the driving motor 611 .

[0116] Further optimizing the solution, the transmission component 620 includes:

[0117] Bearing 621, bearing 621 is fixed on the outer wall of the front joint body 311;

[0118] The driven pulley 622 is fixed on the outer wall of the bearing 621, and the driven pulley 622 is coupled with the driving pulley 612 via a belt 623;

[0119] An end cap 624 is fixed to the front end of the driven pulley 622. A seal 625 is provided between the end cap 624 and the main shaft 330. A seal 625 is provided between the inner wall of the driven pulley 622 at the end away from the end cap 624 and the front joint body 311. Seals are also provided between the driven pulley 622 and the end cap 624. These three sets of seals form a closed cavity with the main shaft 330, the driven pulley 622, the front joint body 311, and the end cap 624. The oil unloading groove 312 and the oil return hole I are both connected to the closed cavity.

[0120] Among them, a water shield 626 is installed on the end cover 624, and the front end of the end cover 624 is detachably connected to a driving component 708 (used in the spindle rotation mode), and is detachably connected to a driving lever 627 (used in the spindle fixed mode). The position of the driving motor 611 is adjusted by bolts to achieve tensioning or loosening of the belt 623.

[0121] Further optimizing the solution, the throttle flushing device 520 includes:

[0122] The steel fork 521 is a U-shaped structure, and the lower end surface of the steel fork 521 is set as a symmetrical inclined surface;

[0123] The screw seat 523 is fixed on the cover plate 524 of the head frame housing 2;

[0124] The screw 525 is rotatably connected to the screw seat 523 , and the threaded portion of the screw 525 is threadedly connected to the middle position of the steel fork 521 ;

[0125] Two sets of sealing sleeves 522 are provided. The two sets have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged. The two sets of sealing sleeves 522 are symmetrically sleeved on the main shaft 330, and a gap is provided between the inner holes of the sealing sleeves 522 and the main shaft 330. The sealing sleeves 522 are provided in the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2, between the front joint body 311 and the rear joint body 321;

[0126] The sealing sleeve 522 has mounting holes and guide holes at evenly spaced intervals around one end near the front and rear joint bodies. Sealing cone plugs 527 are installed in the mounting holes. Guide pins are located between the guide holes and the front and rear joint bodies 311, 321. Below, there are semicircular rails 529 and support seats 530 supporting the sealing sleeve 522. Oil drain holes 528 are provided on the front and rear joint bodies 311, 321, respectively. The semicircular rails 529 and support seats 530 support the sealing sleeve 522, while the guide pins ensure the correct direction of the sealing sleeve 522 during movement.

[0127] A pressing steel ball 526 is fixed to the other end of the sealing sleeve 522, which slides in engagement with the inclined surface of the steel fork 521. When the screw 525 is rotated, it threads on the screw seat 523, driving the steel fork 521 up and down. The inclined surface of the steel fork 521 pushes the pressing steel ball 526, causing the sealing sleeve 522 to move axially, thereby driving the sealing cone 527 to abut or separate from the oil drain holes 528 in the front and rear joint bodies 321.

[0128] When the device is in normal use, the sealing cone plug 527 and the oil drain hole 528 are in abutment and sealing state. When the clogged gap restrictor 510 needs to be flushed, the two are in a separated state.

[0129] When the steel fork 521 rises upward, the two sets of sealing sleeves 522 will push open the sealing cone plug 527 under the action of the oil pressure in the oil drain hole 528 and move closer to the center. The sealing cone plug 527 is separated from the oil drain hole 528, and the pressure oil (or other special cleaning oil) is quickly ejected from the oil drain hole 528. During this process, the pressure oil flushes the periphery of the gap restrictor passing through, clearing the blockage around the gap restrictor 510 and playing a flushing role. The oil ejected from 528 returns to the inner cavity of the head frame shell 2 and flows back to the hydraulic station 410 along the return oil pipeline. After the flushing is completed, the steel fork 521 is moved downward by rotating the screw 525, forcing the sealing cone plug 527 on the sealing sleeve 522 to be reinserted into the oil drain hole 528 to achieve sealing, and the device returns to normal function and use.

[0130] Further optimizing the solution, the mode switching device 7 includes:

[0131] The threaded adjustment sleeve 701 is coaxially disposed at the rear end of the rear joint body 321. A plurality of setscrews are mounted on the threaded adjustment sleeve 701. The setscrews securely lock the threaded adjustment sleeve 701 to the rear joint body 321. The front end of the threaded adjustment sleeve 701 provides contact support for the rear end surface of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322 and allows for fine-tuning of the axial position of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322.

[0132] Thrust bearing 702, which is coaxially mounted on the rear end of the threaded adjustment sleeve 701;

[0133] The bearing rear pressure cover 703 is installed at the rear end of the thrust bearing 702. The bearing rear pressure cover 703 has a plurality of countersunk holes at equal intervals on its circumference.

[0134] Compression springs 704 are provided in several groups, and the several groups of compression springs 704 are respectively provided in the countersunk holes;

[0135] A pressure pad 705 is sleeved on the main shaft 330, and one end of the compression spring 704 contacts the pressure pad 705;

[0136] The adjusting nut 706 is threadedly connected to the rear end thread of the main shaft 330 , and the pressure pad 705 is in contact with one end surface of the adjusting nut 706 under the elastic force of the compression spring 704 ;

[0137] The dust cover 707 is installed at the rear end of the rear joint body 321 , and the threaded adjustment sleeve 701 , the thrust bearing 702 , the bearing rear pressure cover 703 , the pressure pad 705 , and the adjustment nut 706 are all located inside the dust cover 707 .

[0138] A threaded adjustment sleeve 701 is coaxially mounted on the rear end of the rear joint body 321 and is locked securely to the rear joint body 321 via a set screw. By loosening the set screw, the position of the hydrostatic bearing 322 can be fine-tuned by rotating the threaded adjustment sleeve 701 appropriately. In the spindle fixed mode, the front tapered surface of the spindle 330 is ensured to fit tightly with the front positioning tapered hole of the front joint body 311. Simultaneously, the tapered outer diameter of the rear end of the spindle 330 is in contact with the tapered inner hole of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322, forming a highly rigid support with simultaneous contact between the front and rear tapered surfaces.

[0139] The rear bearing gland 703 is mounted on the rear end of the thrust bearing 702. It features several counterbores spaced evenly around its circumference, housing sets of compression springs 704. A pressure pad 705 is sleeved onto the spindle 330, with one end of the spring 704 abutting against it. Under the elastic force of the spring 704, the pressure pad 705 engages one end of the adjustment nut 706. Rotating the adjustment nut 706 changes the compression of the spring 704, adjusting the axial rearward tension on the spindle 330.

[0140] When it is necessary to switch the spindle 330 to a fixed state, the driving member 708 is removed and the lever 627 for driving the workpiece to rotate is installed. Then, the hydraulic oil circuits leading to the front and rear bearing systems are closed. When the oil pressure is zero, the adjusting nut 706 is rotated to increase the compression of the spring 704, thereby increasing the backward pulling force acting on the spindle 330 and pulling the spindle 330 backward. When the front end conical surface of the spindle 330 and the conical surface inner hole of the rear static pressure bearing 322 fit and contact each other, the front end conical surface of the spindle 330 also fits and contacts the front end positioning conical surface of the front joint body 311, forming a positioning support for the front and rear conical surfaces, generating contact pressure and friction, and ensuring that the spindle 330 is stable and immobile.

[0141] To switch the spindle 330 to a rotating state, the adjusting nut 706 is rotated to reduce the compression of the spring 704, thereby lowering the axial tension on the spindle 330 and opening the hydraulic pressure lines of the front and rear bearing systems. This allows the spindle 330 to move forward a small distance under the oil film pressure of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322, thereby freeing the front and rear conical surfaces of the spindle 330 from the aforementioned support surfaces, creating a gap. When the hydraulic pressure is open, the front and rear bearing systems provide hydrostatic support for the headstock spindle 330.

[0142] Driven by the driving component 610, the torque and rotational motion are transmitted to the driven pulley 622 and the end cover 624 through the transmission component 620. The front end of the end cover 624 is detachably connected to the driving component 708, and the above-mentioned torque and rotational motion are transmitted to the slot structure at the front end of the main shaft 330 through the opposite side structure on the driving component 708, thereby driving the high-precision rotation of the main shaft 330.

[0143] The dust cover 707 is installed at the rear end of the rear joint body 321, and wraps the threaded adjustment sleeve 701, thrust bearing 702, bearing rear pressure cover 703, pressure pad 705, adjustment nut 706 and other components to prevent dust and other impurities from entering and ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0144] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0145] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure, characterized in that: include: A head frame base (1), wherein a head frame shell (2) is mounted on the upper portion of the head frame base (1); A bearing system (3), the bearing system (3) comprising a front bearing system (310), a rear bearing system (320) and a main shaft (330), the front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320) being mounted at the front end and the rear end of the head frame housing (2), respectively, and the main shaft (330) passing through the front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320); A hydraulic system (4), the hydraulic system (4) comprising a hydraulic station (410) and a hydraulic pipeline (420); A throttle system (5), the throttle system (5) comprising a slit throttle (510) and a throttle flushing device (520), the throttle flushing device (520) being arranged in the head frame housing (2), between the front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320), and being passed through by the main shaft (330), and being used for flushing a clogged slit throttle (510), the front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320) being respectively provided with a static oil chamber (340), the static oil chamber (340) being provided with an oil through hole, the slit throttle (510) being communicated with the oil through hole, and the pressure oil pumped by the hydraulic station (410) being respectively communicated with the slit throttle (510) through the hydraulic pipeline (420); A driving mechanism (6), the driving mechanism (6) comprising a driving component (610) and a transmission component (620), the driving component (610) being mounted on the head frame housing (2), the transmission component (620) being mounted on the front bearing system (310), and the transmission component (620) and the driving component (610) being in transmission cooperation with each other; A mode switching device (7) is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing system (320) and is used to switch the main shaft (330) to a fixed state or a rotating state.

2. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front bearing system (310) comprises: A front joint body (311), wherein the front joint body (311) is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame shell (2), and the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame shell (2) is interference-fitted with the outer cylindrical surface of the left end of the front joint body (311), and the head frame shell (2) and the front joint body (311) are fixed by screws; the main shaft (330) passes through the front joint body (311), the inner hole of the front joint body (311) is a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the inner hole and the front end of the main shaft (330) are respectively provided with conical surfaces, and the front end conical surface of the front joint body (311) has the same taper as the front end conical surface of the main shaft (330); A plurality of groups of static oil chambers (340) are arranged at equal intervals on the inner hole wall of the front joint body (311), the oil holes are opened on the inner wall of the static oil chamber (340), and oil unloading grooves (312) are arranged between adjacent static oil chambers (340). One end of the oil unloading groove (312) is connected to the inner cavity oil return path of the head frame shell (2), and two groups of oil return holes I (313) are opened on the front joint body (311).

3. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear bearing system (320) includes: A rear joint body (321) is coaxially arranged with the rear end mounting hole of the head frame shell (2), and the rear end mounting hole of the head frame shell (2) is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface of the right end of the rear joint body (321); the head frame shell (2) and the rear joint body (321) are fixed by screws; the inner hole of the rear joint body (321) is a cylindrical structure; the inner hole of the front joint body (311) is coaxial with the inner hole of the rear joint body (321) and has the same diameter. A rear static pressure bearing (322) is coaxially mounted in the inner hole of the rear joint body (321) and is interference fit with the inner hole of the rear joint body (321). The inner hole of the rear static pressure bearing (322) is a tapered hole structure. The rear end of the main shaft (330) is machined with a tapered outer circle that matches the shape of the inner hole of the rear static pressure bearing (322). It is precisely matched with the inner hole of the rear static pressure bearing (322) to ensure positioning accuracy and support rigidity. The inner wall of the rear static pressure bearing (322) is provided with a plurality of groups of static pressure oil chambers (340), the oil through holes are opened on the inner walls of the rear joint body (321) and the rear static pressure bearing (322), and the oil through holes on the rear joint body (321) and the oil through holes on the rear static pressure bearing (322) are coaxially arranged, and the static pressure oil chambers (340) are communicated with the oil through holes; The outer walls of the rear joint body (321) and the outer walls of the front joint body (311) are respectively provided with annular oil grooves (323), and the slit throttles (510) are distributed in the annular oil grooves (323). The pressure oil is distributed to the vicinity of the slit throttles (510) through the annular oil grooves respectively provided on the outer walls of the rear joint body (321) and the outer walls of the front joint body (311), and is distributed into the oil through holes through a plurality of slit throttles (510), and enters the static oil chamber (340) from the oil through holes. An oil unloading groove (312) is provided between any adjacent static oil chambers (340) for returning the pressure oil to the inner cavity of the head frame housing (2), and an oil return hole II (324) is provided on the rear static pressure bearing (322).

4. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydraulic pipeline (420) includes: A tee (421), the tee (421) being mounted on the head frame housing (2), the output end of the hydraulic station (410) being in communication with the liquid inlet end of the tee (421); High-pressure pipelines (422), two groups of the high-pressure pipelines (422) are provided, and pressure oil channels (423) are opened on the inner wall of the head frame housing (2), and the pressure oil channels (423) are respectively communicated with the annular oil groove (323) on the front joint body (311) and the annular oil groove (323) on the rear joint body (321), and the high-pressure pipelines (422) are respectively communicated with the two groups of the pressure oil channels (423); An oil return pipe is provided with an oil return hole below the inner cavity of the head frame housing (2), the oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole, and the oil return pipe is connected to the hydraulic station (410).

5. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving component (610) comprises: A drive motor (611), wherein the drive motor (611) is fixed to the head frame housing (2); A driving pulley (612) is fixed on the output shaft of the driving motor (611).

6. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission component (620) includes: A rolling bearing (621), wherein the rolling bearing (621) is fixed on the outer wall of the front joint body (311); A driven pulley (622), the driven pulley (622) being fixed above the outer wall of the rolling bearing (621), and the driven pulley (622) and the driving pulley (612) being coupled via a belt (623); An end cover (624), wherein the end cover (624) is fixed to the front end of the driven pulley (622), a sealing member (625) is provided between the end cover (624) and the main shaft (330), a sealing member (625) is provided between the inner wall of the driven pulley (622) at one end away from the end cover (624) and the front joint body (311), and a sealing member (625) is provided between the driven pulley (622) and the end cover (624), respectively. A closed cavity is formed between the three groups of sealing members (625) and the main shaft (330), the driven pulley (622), the front joint body (311) and the end cover (624), and the oil unloading groove (312) and the oil return hole I (313) are connected to the closed cavity; A water shield (626) is installed on the end cover (624), a driving component (708) is detachably connected to the front end of the end cover (624), and the position of the driving motor (611) is adjusted by bolts to achieve tensioning or loosening adjustment of the belt (623).

7. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The throttle flushing device (520) comprises: A steel fork (521), wherein the steel fork (521) is a U-shaped structure, and the lower end surface of the steel fork (521) is configured as a symmetrical inclined surface; Sealing sleeves (522), two groups of sealing sleeves (522) are provided, the two groups have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, the two groups of sealing sleeves (522) are symmetrically sleeved on the main shaft (330), and there is a gap between the inner hole of the sealing sleeve (522) and the main shaft (330), and the sealing sleeves (522) are provided in the inner cavity of the head frame shell (2), and are located between the front joint body (311) and the rear joint body (321); a screw seat (523), wherein the screw seat (523) is fixed on the cover plate (524) of the head frame housing (2); A screw (525), wherein the screw (525) is rotatably connected to the screw seat (523), and a threaded portion of the screw (525) is threadedly connected to a middle position of the steel fork (521); Among them, a plurality of pressing steel balls (526) are embedded on the sealing sleeve (522), and the pressing steel balls (526) are in contact with the inclined surface of the steel fork (521); the other end of the sealing sleeve (522) is provided with mounting holes and guide holes at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and a sealing cone plug (527) is installed in the mounting hole, and a guide pin for guiding the direction is provided between the guide hole and the front joint body (311) and the rear joint body (321), and a supporting semicircular rail (529) and a supporting seat (530) supporting the sealing sleeve (522) are provided below; an oil drain hole (528) is provided on the front joint body (311) and the rear joint body (321), respectively, and the sealing cone plug (527) can be in contact with the oil drain hole (528) for sealing.

8. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mode switching device (7) comprises: A threaded adjustment sleeve (701) is coaxially arranged at the rear end of the rear joint body (321), and a plurality of sets of set screws are installed on the threaded adjustment sleeve (701), and the set screws realize locking and fastening between the threaded adjustment sleeve (701) and the rear joint body (321); and the front end of the threaded adjustment sleeve (701) forms a contact support with the rear end surface of the rear static pressure bearing (322), thereby realizing fine adjustment of the position of the rear static pressure bearing (322); A thrust bearing (702), the thrust bearing (702) being coaxially mounted on the rear end of the threaded adjustment sleeve (701); A bearing rear pressure cover (703), the bearing rear pressure cover (703) is installed at the rear end of the thrust bearing (702), and a plurality of countersunk holes are opened on the bearing rear pressure cover (703) at equal intervals in the circumferential direction; Compression springs (704), wherein the compression springs (704) are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of compression springs (704) are respectively provided in the countersunk holes; A pressure pad (705), wherein the pressure pad (705) is sleeved on the main shaft (330), and one end of the compression spring (704) contacts the pressure pad (705); An adjusting nut (706), the adjusting nut (706) being threadedly connected to the rear end thread of the main shaft (330), and the pressure pad (705) being in contact with one end surface of the adjusting nut (706) under the elastic force of the compression spring (704); A dust cover (707) is installed at the rear end of the rear joint body (321), and the threaded adjustment sleeve (701), the thrust bearing (702), the bearing rear pressure cover (703), the pressure pad (705), and the adjustment nut (706) are all located in the dust cover (707).

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