The invention relates to a rail type belt conveyor. The rail type belt conveyor comprises a support, a machine head frame, a machine tail frame, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, a towing trolley, a rubber belt, a steel wire rope, closed-loop systems, a driving roller, an elevating supporting roller set, a redirection frame and a triangular frame. The elevating supporting roller set is mounted at the position, close to the machine head frame, of the support, the redirection frame is mounted on the machine tail frame, a redirection drum is arranged on the machine head frame, and a tensioning vehicle is arranged at the position, close to one side of the redirection drum, of the support; and the triangular frame is arranged at the position, between the two closed-loop systems, of the support, and the rubber belt is wound around the elevating supporting roller set, the redirection drum, the tensioning vehicle, a supporting roller on the redirection frame and a supporting roller on the triangular frame. The rail type belt conveyor has the beneficial effects that a traditional rubber belt machine structure is removed, a supporting belt trolley is used for replacing a part of a common supporting roller, the cost and the mounting cost are reduced, and revolutionary innovation is brought to bulk conveying.