The invention discloses a 5083 aluminum alloy plate for a high-speed rail and a production method thereof. The 5083 aluminum alloy plate for the high-speed rail is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.20-0.30% of Si, 0.20-0.30% of Fe, 0.03-0.07% of Cu, 0.45-0.60% of Mn, 5.0-5.3% of Mg, 0.10-0.20% of Cr, 0.015-0.03% of Ti, 0-0.10% of Zn, and the balance of Al. The production method comprises the steps of preparing the raw materials, smelting, casting, sawing off the head, milling the surface, soaking, hot rough rolling, hot finishing, cold rolling, bending and straightening, annealing and slicing up. The method disclosed by the invention can be utilized to improve the fatigue strength, the tensile strength, the ductility and other properties of the 5083 aluminum alloy plate, so that the operating requirements on the 5083 aluminum alloy plate for the high-speed rail can be completely met.