Aluminum-based composite eutectic material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum-based composite eutectic material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to an aluminum-based eutectic material, molten aluminum and a metal simple substance plate or a metal alloy plate with the melting point higher than that of aluminum and the contact angle theta smaller than 90 degrees are subjected to solid-liquid cast-rolling compounding under the environment of the cooling rate of 300 DEG C / s-1000 DEG C / s to form the aluminum-based composite eutectic material with an eutectic layer. According to the aluminum-based composite eutectic material technology, through the synergistic effect of solid-liquid cast rolling and rapid cooling, the bottleneck that a traditional composite material is weak in interface and low in efficiency is broken through, and high-strength, multifunctional and low-cost industrial production is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an aluminum-based eutectic material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Molten aluminum liquid exhibits high fluidity and chemical activity at high temperatures. The diffusion coefficient of molten aluminum liquid is about 10 -9 ~10 -8 m² / s, demonstrating its strong diffusivity. Aluminum diffusion can be categorized into bulk diffusion, grain boundary diffusion, and surface diffusion. The compositional differences between the aluminum liquid and the base material induce a chemical potential difference, driving aluminum atoms to migrate from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. In materials science, wettability refers to the ability of a liquid to spread and adhere to a solid surface. It directly influences the contact area and interfacial bonding strength between the liquid and the solid, and is a key parameter in processes such as diffusion reactions, welding, casting, and composite material fabrication.

[0003] When molten aluminum comes into contact with highly wettable materials, it will diffuse rapidly and then undergo an interfacial reaction, which allows the molten aluminum to undergo solid-liquid composite with these materials. If a certain pressure is applied and rapid cooling is performed during the solid-liquid composite process, the molten aluminum can undergo a eutectic reaction with the material to form an aluminum-based composite eutectic material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite eutectic material. The aluminum-based composite eutectic material technology of the present application breaks through the bottleneck of weak interface and low efficiency of traditional composite materials through the synergistic effect of solid-liquid casting and rolling + rapid cooling, and realizes high-strength, multifunctional and low-cost industrial production.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention solves them through the following technical solutions: an aluminum-based composite eutectic material, in which molten aluminum liquid and a metal single-element plate or a metal alloy plate with a melting point higher than aluminum and a contact angle θ less than 90° are solid-liquid cast-rolled in an environment with a cooling rate of 300℃ / s to 1000℃ / s to form an aluminum-based composite eutectic material with a eutectic layer.

[0006] In the above technical solution, preferably, the metal single-element plate includes a copper plate, a titanium plate, a nickel plate, an iron plate, a molybdenum plate, and a zinc plate.

[0007] In the above technical solution, preferably, the metal alloy plate includes a copper alloy plate, a stainless steel plate, a titanium alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate, a molybdenum alloy plate, a zinc alloy plate, and a nickel alloy plate.

[0008] A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite eutectic material comprises the following steps: Step A: adding an aluminum ingot to a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heating it to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum liquid, pouring the molten aluminum liquid into a holding furnace, controlling the temperature at 660°C to 750°C, and holding the furnace for 20 minutes. min~60min; Step B: After the aluminum liquid is kept warm and allowed to stand, it is degassed and filtered through an online processing device; Step C: The metal single-element plate or metal alloy plate is uncoiled on a uncoiler and then transported to a twin-roll casting and rolling device, and enters the casting and rolling zone close to the lower roller under the action of tension; Step D: The aluminum liquid in the temperature range of 660℃~750℃ is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, and the injection width is the plate width; Step E: The upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting on the molten aluminum liquid and the metal single-element plate or metal alloy plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil; Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing, the heating temperature is 200℃~600℃, and the annealing time is 2h~30h.

[0009] In the above technical solution, preferably, the metal single-element sheet or metal alloy sheet is physically cleaned or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer before uncoiling.

[0010] In the above technical solution, preferably, the metal single-element plate or metal alloy plate is heated before entering the casting and rolling zone, and the heating temperature is between 50°C and 250°C.

[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, the casting and rolling zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the cooling rate in the cooling environment of the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s.

[0013] Traditional aluminum-based composites are manufactured through physical stacking or simple bonding methods, such as hot rolling. This interface bonding is essentially a mechanical patchwork of dissimilar materials, which can easily form oxide layers, pores, or brittle phases at the interface, creating weak links that can lead to material failure. This technology, however, achieves atomic-level fusion of molten aluminum and high-melting-point metal sheets through solid-liquid casting and rolling combined with eutectic reaction control.

[0014] The core technical feature of this application is that a solid-liquid reaction occurs between the aluminum liquid and the high-melting-point metal or alloy plate in the cooling environment during the casting and rolling process to form a continuous eutectic layer structure. In this application, the aluminum liquid and the metal or metal alloy plate are fully wetted under the condition of a contact angle θ<90°, and atomic diffusion forms a eutectic phase, achieving metallurgical-grade interface bonding, rather than the mechanical bonding of traditional composite materials. In addition, the eutectic layer has a gradient distribution of composition from the aluminum matrix to the metal plate, which alleviates the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between dissimilar materials and significantly improves thermal fatigue resistance. The gradient structure of the eutectic interface effectively alleviates the thermal expansion mismatch problem of dissimilar materials, allowing the composite material to exhibit excellent stability in high-temperature, low-temperature alternating or corrosive media environments, solving the problem of sudden reduction in life of traditional composite materials due to interface failure. In a rapid cooling environment, the reaction time is reduced, the formation of coarse intermetallic compounds is suppressed, and it is easier to form a refined eutectic structure. The average size of the refined eutectic structure is about 1μm, which improves the interface strength and toughness. The aluminum-based composite eutectic material in this application has a strong interface bonding, which is much higher than the ordinary mechanical bonding method and can be fully used in the later stamping process.

[0015] The preparation method of the present application is highly integrated, integrating smelting, casting, and compounding, avoiding the separate operations of multiple processes in traditional processes and significantly shortening the production cycle. The present application directly utilizes the latent heat of aluminum liquid for compounding, which not only reduces energy consumption compared to traditional hot rolling compounding, but also directly destroys the dense oxide layer on the surface of the metal plate or metal alloy plate through aluminum liquid. Combined with the pressure of the roller, it allows the aluminum liquid to flow quickly on the surface of the paving plate and allows aluminum atoms to penetrate into the surface of the plate. Under the combined action of roller pressure and rapid cooling, the aluminum liquid directionally solidifies to form a dense composite interface. The application of rolling force promotes the penetration of aluminum liquid into the surface microstructure of the metal plate, enhancing the mechanical bite effect.

[0016] This application adopts a die-casting process. Compared with various existing aluminum-based eutectic material production methods, the die-casting process has high output, low cost, high metal plate utilization rate, and the entire process method does not require other consumables, which greatly reduces the overall cost. In mass production, it has been calculated that the overall cost is reduced by 30%-40% compared with powder metallurgy, explosion method, diffusion method, etc.

[0017] If the dense oxide layer on the surface of some metals or alloys cannot be removed, the plate can be cleaned chemically or physically before composite to remove the oxide layer, and a protective atmosphere can be introduced during casting and rolling to prevent the formation of a new oxide layer.

[0018] In this application, liquid aluminum is used, and the plate can be preheated before die-casting to reduce the temperature difference between the aluminum liquid and the plate. This not only reduces the risk of interface cracking caused by thermal stress, but also increases the diffusion ability and permeability of aluminum atoms on the plate surface.

[0019] Furthermore, the process of this application allows for a wide range of materials. Single-element metal plates include high-melting-point metals such as copper, titanium, nickel, and iron, while alloy plates include metal alloys such as stainless steel, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys, meeting diverse requirements for conductivity, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and lightweighting. Different composite materials can be selected to achieve different material effects based on specific needs.

[0020] By flexibly selecting the type of metal sheet, the present application can directionally give the composite material properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, thereby realizing the multifunctional integration of a single material. For example, when compounded with copper or alloys, it has good electrical or thermal conductivity. When compounded with titanium or titanium alloys, it has high specific strength and corrosion resistance. When compounded with molybdenum or molybdenum alloys, it has high temperature capability, and the thermal expansion coefficient matches the ceramic substrate, which is suitable for electronic packaging. When compounded with magnesium or magnesium alloys, it has strong toughness and lightweight effects. When compounded with stainless steel, it is even lighter while having the characteristics of stainless steel, and can completely replace the daily use scenarios of stainless steel. In fact, the lightweight characteristics of the aluminum matrix in the present application and the load-bearing capacity of the high melting point metal or alloy are seamlessly coupled through the eutectic interface, so that the material has mechanical properties comparable to or even surpassing those of a single high-strength metal while significantly reducing its own weight.

[0021] Compared with the existing technology, this application takes advantage of the wettability of aluminum liquid and metal sheets to trigger a eutectic reaction under rapid cooling conditions to form a continuous and dense metallurgical bonding interface. This interface is neither a simple mechanical bite nor a stacking of brittle intermetallic compounds, but a "flexible buffer layer" with a gradient transition of composition, which fundamentally solves the chronic problems of easy peeling and corrosion of traditional composite material interfaces. At the same time, traditional processes often require cumbersome coordination of multiple processes such as surface treatment, hot pressing, annealing, etc., while this technology integrates smelting, compounding, and forming into the casting and rolling line, replacing intermittent operations with continuous production methods, greatly shortening the process flow, and significantly reducing energy consumption and time costs. The composite of aluminum with different metals and alloys not only retains the lightweight advantage of aluminum, but also avoids the application limitations of aluminum in harsh environments, providing a new choice for marine engineering, chemical equipment and other fields. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments described in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: An aluminum-based composite copper eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at a temperature of 660°C to 750°C, and held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and stagnating, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered via an online treatment device. Step C: A copper plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower rolls and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the copper plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. Before entering the casting zone, the copper plate is heated to a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Aluminum molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, with the injection width corresponding to the plate width. The casting zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and copper sheet in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0024] Example 2: An aluminum-based composite titanium eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and holding, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered via an online treatment device. Step C: The titanium plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower roll and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the titanium plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. Before entering the casting zone, the titanium plate is heated to a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Aluminum molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and titanium plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0025] Example 3: An aluminum-based composite iron eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at a temperature of 660°C to 750°C, and held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and holding, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered via an online treatment device. Step C: The iron plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower roll and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the iron plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. Before entering the casting zone, the iron plate is heated to a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Aluminum molten at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and iron plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0026] Example 4: An aluminum-based composite nickel eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at a temperature of 660°C to 750°C, and held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and holding, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered via an online treatment device. Step C: The nickel plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower roll and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the nickel plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. Before entering the casting zone, the nickel plate is heated to a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Aluminum molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and nickel plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0027] Example 5: An aluminum-based composite molybdenum eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and holding, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered via an online treatment device. Step C: The molybdenum plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower roll and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the molybdenum plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. Before entering the casting zone, the molybdenum plate is heated to a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Aluminum molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and molybdenum plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0028] Example 6: An aluminum-based composite zinc eutectic sheet is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and stagnating, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered via an online treatment device. Step C: The zinc sheet is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower rolls and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the zinc sheet is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. Before entering the casting zone, the zinc sheet is heated to a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Aluminum molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the sheet. The casting zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and zinc sheet in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0029] Example 7: An aluminum-based composite copper alloy eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, the temperature of which is controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and the molten aluminum is held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and holding, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered using an online treatment device. Step C: The copper alloy plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, the plate is pressed against the lower rolls and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the copper alloy plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. The copper alloy plate is heated before entering the casting zone at a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is statically injected into the die-casting gap through a nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting and rolling zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and copper alloy plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 200°C to 600°C for a period of 2 to 30 hours.

[0030] Example 8: An aluminum-based composite titanium alloy eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum liquid. The molten aluminum liquid is poured into a holding furnace, the temperature is controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and the aluminum liquid is kept warm and allowed to stand for 20 minutes to 60 minutes. Step B: After the aluminum liquid has been kept warm and allowed to stand, it is degassed and filtered through an online treatment device. Step C: The titanium alloy plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then transported to a twin-roll casting and rolling device. Under the action of tension, it is pressed against the lower roller and enters the casting and rolling zone. Before uncoiling, the titanium alloy plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. The titanium alloy plate is heated before entering the casting and rolling zone, and the heating temperature is between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is statically injected into the die-casting gap through a nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting and rolling zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and titanium alloy plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0031] Example 9: An aluminum-based composite stainless steel eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a melting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at a temperature of 660°C to 750°C, and held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and stagnating, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered via an online treatment device. Step C: The stainless steel plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower rolls and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the stainless steel plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. Before entering the casting zone, the stainless steel plate is heated to a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Aluminum molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is injected into the die-casting gap under static pressure through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and stainless steel sheet in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0032] Example 10: An aluminum-based composite magnesium alloy eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum liquid. The molten aluminum liquid is poured into a holding furnace, the temperature is controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and the aluminum liquid is kept at this temperature for 20 minutes to 60 minutes. Step B: After the aluminum liquid has been kept at this temperature, it is degassed and filtered through an online treatment device. Step C: The magnesium alloy plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting and rolling device. Under the action of tension, it is pressed against the lower roller and enters the casting and rolling zone. Before uncoiling, the magnesium alloy plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. The magnesium alloy plate is heated before entering the casting and rolling zone, with the heating temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Liquid aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is statically injected into the die-casting gap through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting and rolling zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and magnesium alloy plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0033] Example 11: An aluminum-based composite molybdenum alloy eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum liquid. The molten aluminum liquid is poured into a holding furnace, the temperature is controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and the aluminum liquid is held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and standing, the aluminum liquid is degassed and filtered through an online treatment device. Step C: The molybdenum alloy plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting and rolling unit. Under tension, it is pressed against the lower roll and enters the casting and rolling zone. Before uncoiling, the molybdenum alloy plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. The molybdenum alloy plate is heated before entering the casting and rolling zone, with the heating temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is statically injected into the die-casting gap through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting and rolling zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and molybdenum alloy plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0034] Example 12: An aluminum-based composite zinc alloy eutectic sheet is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, the temperature of which is controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and the molten aluminum is held at this temperature for 20 to 60 minutes. Step B: After holding and holding, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered using an online treatment device. Step C: The zinc alloy sheet is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Under tension, the sheet is pressed against the lower rolls and enters the casting zone. Before uncoiling, the zinc alloy sheet is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. The zinc alloy sheet is heated before entering the casting zone at a temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is statically injected into the die-casting gap through a nozzle, with the injection width equal to the width of the plate. The casting and rolling zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and zinc alloy plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0035] Example 13: An aluminum-based composite nickel alloy eutectic plate is prepared as follows. Step A: An aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heated to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum liquid. The molten aluminum liquid is poured into a holding furnace, the temperature is controlled at 660°C to 750°C, and the aluminum liquid is kept at this temperature for 20 minutes to 60 minutes. Step B: After the aluminum liquid has been kept at this temperature, it is degassed and filtered through an online treatment device. Step C: The nickel alloy plate is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then transported to a twin-roll casting and rolling device. Under the action of tension, it is pressed against the lower roller and enters the casting and rolling zone. Before uncoiling, the nickel alloy plate is physically or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer. The nickel alloy plate is heated before entering the casting and rolling zone, with the heating temperature between 50°C and 250°C. Step D: Molten aluminum at a temperature between 660°C and 750°C is statically injected into the die-casting gap through a casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate. The casting and rolling zone is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere. Step E: Upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting of the molten aluminum and nickel alloy plate in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil. The cooling rate in the casting and rolling zone is 300°C / s to 1000°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-based composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 200°C to 600°C for 2 to 30 hours.

[0036] Example 14: An aluminum-based composite stainless steel eutectic plate with a total thickness of 3mm. The production method comprises the following: Step A: The raw aluminum ingot is added to a smelting furnace for smelting and heated to 730°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at 715°C, and held at this temperature for 50 minutes. Step B: After holding and holding, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered through an online treatment device. Step C: Before uncoiling, the stainless steel coil is chemically or physically polished to remove surface oxides. The stainless steel coil is heated to 200°C before entering the casting and rolling area. Step D: The 409 stainless steel coil is uncoiled on the uncoiler and then conveyed to the twin-roll casting and rolling unit, where it enters the casting and rolling area under tension against the lower rolls. Step E: Through the casting nozzle, molten aluminum at a temperature of 715°C is injected under static pressure into the gap between the upper roller and the titanium strip. The injection width is the width of the stainless steel coil. An inert gas atmosphere is simultaneously introduced into the casting and rolling area. The cooling rate is 600°C / s. Step F: The upper and lower rollers cool the molten aluminum and titanium strip and perform solid-liquid casting to form an aluminum-iron composite slab coil. Step G: The aluminum-iron composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 520°C for 24 hours.

[0037] Example 15: An aluminum-based composite titanium eutectic plate with a total thickness of 4 mm, a titanium content of 20 wt%, and a titanium layer thickness of 0.8 mm. The production method comprises the following: Step A: The raw aluminum ingot is placed in a smelting furnace for smelting and heating to 740°C to obtain molten aluminum. The molten aluminum is then poured into a holding furnace, controlled at 700°C, and held at this temperature for 40 minutes. Step B: After the holding period, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered through an online treatment device. Step C: A 0.8 mm titanium strip is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then conveyed to a twin-roll casting unit. Before uncoiling, the strip is polished to remove surface oxides. Under tension, the strip enters the casting zone, pressed against the lower roll. The strip is heated to 180°C before entering the casting zone. Step D: 700°C molten aluminum is statically pressured and injected through a casting nozzle into the gap between the upper roll and the titanium strip, with the injection width being the width of the strip. Step E: Upper and lower rollers cool the molten aluminum and titanium strip and perform solid-liquid casting to form an aluminum-titanium composite slab coil; the cooling rate is 600°C / s. Step F: The aluminum-titanium composite slab coil is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at 400°C for 18 hours.

[0038] Example 16: An aluminum-based composite copper eutectic plate comprises the following steps: Step A: adding a raw aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heating it to 720°C to 750°C to obtain molten aluminum liquid; pouring the molten aluminum liquid into an insulation furnace, controlling the temperature at 720°C to 740°C, and insulating and standing for 20 to 60 minutes; the raw aluminum ingot is aluminum material of model 1G20, 1050, 1060, 1100, and the aluminum content is greater than 99.2%.

[0039] Step B: The copper strip, made of T2 copper or brass, is unwound on a decoiler. Before unwinding, it undergoes a high-pressure rinse to quickly remove solid impurities from the copper plate's surface. It then undergoes a low-pressure rinse with a 70°C alkaline degreasing solution to remove grease from the copper plate's surface. Finally, a steel brush is used to polish away the oxide layer on the copper plate's surface. Polishing also increases the roughness of the copper strip's surface, increasing the copper-aluminum composite surface area and, in turn, enhancing the composite's adhesion. Step C: After holding the strip at a constant temperature, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered through online processing equipment such as a degassing box and a filter box. The rolls in the twin-roll casting mill are equipped with cooling systems. Ideally, the rolls are cooled only in the hot rolling zone, not outside of it, to maintain the copper strip's temperature. Step D: The copper strip is wound onto the rolls from the direction of injection from the casting nozzle, and the strip is heated to 150°C. Step E: Molten aluminum at a temperature of 710°C is injected into the gap between the upper and lower rollers through a casting nozzle. The injection width is the sum of the width of the copper strips on either side of the rollers and the gap between them. Step F: The upper and lower rollers cool the molten aluminum and copper strips and perform solid-liquid casting at a cooling rate of 300°C / s. The coolant in the upper and lower rollers is water, which is maintained at a temperature of 20°C. When the molten aluminum is injected through the casting nozzle, it rapidly cools and solidifies upon contact with the rollers. Similarly, upon contact with the copper strips, the molten aluminum and the upper and lower copper strips crystallize in the casting zone. Heat is removed by cooling water circulating through the rollers. Step G: The copper-aluminum composite slab is placed in an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a temperature of 430°C for 30 hours.

Claims

1. An aluminum-based composite eutectic material, characterized by: Molten aluminum liquid and a metal single-element plate or a metal alloy plate with a melting point higher than aluminum and a contact angle θ less than 90° are solid-liquid cast-rolled under a cooling rate of 300°C / s to 1000°C / s to form an aluminum-based composite eutectic material with a eutectic layer.

2. The aluminum-based composite eutectic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Metal single-element plates include copper plates, titanium plates, nickel plates, iron plates, molybdenum plates, and zinc plates.

3. The aluminum-based composite eutectic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Metal alloy plates include copper alloy plates, stainless steel plates, titanium alloy plates, magnesium alloy plates, molybdenum alloy plates, zinc alloy plates, and nickel alloy plates.

4. A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite eutectic material, characterized by: The method for producing any one of the aluminum-based composite eutectic materials according to claim 1 to claim 3 comprises the following steps: Step A: Add the aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heat it to 720℃~750℃ to obtain molten aluminum liquid, pour the molten aluminum liquid into the holding furnace, control the temperature at 660℃~750℃, and keep it at this temperature for 20min~60min; Step B: After being kept warm and allowed to stand, the molten aluminum is degassed and filtered through online processing equipment; Step C: The metal sheet or metal alloy sheet is uncoiled on an uncoiler and then transported to a twin-roll casting device, and enters the casting zone close to the lower roll under the action of tension; Step D: injecting aluminum liquid at a temperature range of 660°C to 750°C into the die-casting gap under static pressure through the casting nozzle, with the injection width being the width of the plate; Step E: upper and lower rollers perform solid-liquid casting on the molten aluminum and the metal sheet or metal alloy sheet in a cooling environment to form an aluminum-based composite slab coil; Step F: placing the aluminum-based composite sheet coil into an annealing furnace for homogenization annealing at a heating temperature of 200° C. to 600° C. for an annealing time of 2 h to 30 h.

5. The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite eutectic material according to claim 4, wherein: The metal sheet or metal alloy sheet is physically cleaned or chemically cleaned to remove the surface metal oxide layer before uncoiling.

6. The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite eutectic material according to claim 4, wherein: The metal single substance plate or metal alloy plate is heated before entering the casting and rolling zone, and the heating temperature is between 50℃ and 250℃.

7. The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite eutectic material according to claim 4, wherein: The casting and rolling area is filled with an inert gas protective atmosphere.

8. The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite eutectic material according to claim 4, wherein: The cooling rate in the cooling environment of the casting and rolling zone is 300℃ / s~1000℃ / s.