Bio-based fertilizer and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a bio-based fertilizer and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, crushing the mango pomace and the bagasse, sieving the crushed mango pomace and bagasse with a 40-60-mesh sieve, adding diluted hydrochloric acid and ferrous sulfate, mixing the crushed mango pomace and bagasse, carrying out a hydrolysis reaction, and filtering a hydrolysis product to obtain solid residues; s2, seed liquid of bacillus coagulans, bacillus pseudomycoides, trichoderma viride and saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated into the mixture of the solid residues and the cattle and sheep manure for fermentation, and a fermentation product is obtained; s3, mixing the fermentation product, charcoal and polyglutamic acid to prepare the fertilizer. The mango pomace, solid bagasse and cattle and sheep manure mixture are cooperatively fermented through compound bacteria, the porosity of the fertilizer is increased, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is improved, the fermentation product, biochar and polyglutamic acid are mixed and granulated to prepare the fertilizer, the disintegration rate can be regulated and controlled, nutrients are prevented from being instantly released, and root growth and microorganism colonization are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and in particular relates to a bio-based fertilizer and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] According to FAO statistics, the world generates over 2 billion tons of organic waste from agricultural processing each year, with my country accounting for over 30% of this waste. This includes, but is not limited to, crop straw, fruit and vegetable residues, oilseed cake, wine and vinegar lees, and edible mushroom waste. These organic resources, rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and protein, are traditionally disposed of primarily through landfill incineration, direct return to the field, or primary composting, leading to serious environmental pollution and resource waste. For example, open-air burning of rice straw can produce PM2.5 emissions 3-7 times higher than burning standard coal. Direct return of uncomposted rice straw to the field can also lead to secondary damage, such as the growth of soil pathogens and root burn in seedlings.

[0003] In the field of organic fertilizer conversion, traditional composting technology has significant technical bottlenecks. Conventional open-air windrow composting cycles last up to 60-90 days, and the uneven temperature distribution of the pile body results in a pathogen inactivation rate of less than 50%, with the residual levels of harmful bacteria such as E. coli generally exceeding 10%. 4 CFU / g. During static composting, the lignocellulose degradation rate is less than 35%, the humus conversion efficiency is less than 20%, and the germination index (GI) of the final product is often below 70%, severely restricting its commercial application. More concerning is the nitrogen loss rate of 40-60% in traditional composting processes. The nitrogen emitted in the form of ammonia is equivalent to 10% of the global annual synthetic ammonia production, directly exacerbating the greenhouse effect.

[0004] Microbial enhanced fermentation technology offers a new approach to addressing these challenges. Research has shown that targeted organic matter conversion can be achieved through the inoculation of functional bacterial strains. However, existing technologies suffer from common issues such as a single functional strain combination, significant inhibitory effects on metabolites, and poor fermentation system stability. Regarding strain selection, current research focuses on improving the performance of a single strain. However, these technological improvements have not overcome the core challenge of multi-strain synergistic metabolism, making it difficult to achieve simultaneous, deep degradation of complex substrates.

[0005] In terms of product quality evaluation systems, current organic fertilizer standards primarily focus on total nutrient content and heavy metal limits, lacking specific requirements for key indicators such as functional microbial activity and the molecular weight distribution of organic components. Studies have shown that water-soluble organic carbon in traditional fermentation products accounts for less than 15%, while the content of active substances with a molecular weight of less than 1000 Da directly affects the fertilizer's growth-promoting effect. Furthermore, the issue of decreased survival of functional bacteria, such as Bacillus, during storage has not been effectively addressed, severely limiting the market competitiveness of these products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical problem to be solved: In response to the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for preparing bio-based fertilizers and its application. First, mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse are crushed and passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and then diluted hydrochloric acid and ferrous sulfate are added and mixed evenly for hydrolysis reaction. The obtained hydrolysis product is filtered to obtain a solid residue; secondly, the seed liquid of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated into the solid residue and cattle and sheep manure mixture for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; finally, the fermentation product, biochar, and polyglutamic acid are mixed to prepare fertilizer. The present invention uses four bacteria to synergistically ferment the mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse solid residue and cattle and sheep manure mixture to increase the porosity of the fertilizer and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity. The fertilizer prepared by granulation has increased particle density and compressive strength, and significantly reduces the transportation breakage rate. Biochar acts as a skeleton material and cooperates with fermentation products and polyglutamic acid adhesive to construct a multi-level pore network, regulate the disintegration rate, avoid instantaneous nutrient release, and improve the porosity after application to the soil, promoting root growth and microbial colonization.

[0007] Technical solution: A bio-based fertilizer, which is prepared by fermenting agricultural processing waste with composite bacteria; the composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0008] Furthermore, the agricultural processing waste is mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse.

[0009] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1. The mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve into a microwave reactor, and 2-3% concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid and 2-3% concentration of ferrous sulfate were added and mixed evenly. The volume ratio of dilute hydrochloric acid and ferrous sulfate was (12-15): 1. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis reaction, and the obtained hydrolyzate was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. The Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were activated in accordance with conventional culture medium to prepare seed solution, the solid residue, cattle and sheep manure were mixed and water was added, and then the seed solution was inoculated into the solid residue, cattle and sheep manure mixture for fermentation. Anaerobic fermentation was carried out at room temperature for 6-7 days in summer and anaerobic fermentation was carried out at room temperature for 18-22 days in winter to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mixing the fermentation product, biochar and polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1, the mass ratio of mango pomace to sugarcane bagasse is 1:(1-3).

[0011] Furthermore, the conditions of the microwave reaction system in step S1 are: power 180-200 W, microwave irradiation time 30-40 min, and microwave irradiation pressure 0.3-0.4 MPa.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the bacterial solution concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are 1×10 8 -2×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 -8×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 -9×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 -2×10 7 CFU / mL; the seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (2-4): (1-3): (1-2): 1.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the ratio of solid residue, cattle and sheep manure and water is (6-9): (1-2): (4-6).

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, the mass ratio of the fermentation product, biochar, and polyglutamic acid is (75-85): (5-10): (1-2).

[0015] The application of the above-mentioned bio-based fertilizers in promoting plant growth and improving soil.

[0016] Furthermore, the plants include corn, eggplant, tomato and potato. Beneficial effects

[0017] The present invention inoculates the seed liquid of four bacteria, namely Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, into a mixture of mango pomace, sugarcane bagasse solid residue and cattle and sheep manure for fermentation, and then mixes the fermentation product, biochar and polyglutamic acid to prepare fertilizer. The oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar combine with the amino groups of polyglutamic acid to form a core-shell slow-release structure, so that the nutrient release rate matches the crop demand. Polyglutamic acid chelates Ca through carboxyl groups. 2+ Mg 2+ Plasma inhibits the formation of insoluble precipitates between phosphate and calcium and magnesium, and at the same time adsorbs NO3⁻ through electrostatic action to reduce the loss of nitrate nitrogen; biochar acts as a skeleton material and works in conjunction with fermentation products and polyglutamic acid to increase porosity after being applied to the soil, promoting root growth and microbial colonization.

[0018] The present invention crushes mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse through a 40-60 mesh sieve, then adds dilute hydrochloric acid and ferrous sulfate for hydrolysis to prepare a solid residue. Crushing the mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse through a 40-60 mesh sieve increases the specific surface area of ​​the raw materials. Microwaves induce high-frequency vibrations in polar molecules, synergistically attacking the lignin-carbohydrate complex, reducing cellulose crystallinity and increasing hemicellulose dissolution. The proportion of water-soluble carbon in the hydrolyzate increases, generating easily fermentable carbon sources such as xylooligosaccharides and cellobiose, providing quick-acting energy for subsequent fermentation.

[0019] The invention inoculates seed liquid of four fungi, namely, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, into a mixture of mango pomace, sugarcane bagasse and cattle and sheep dung for fermentation. Bacillus coagulans secretes α-amylase and protease, which accelerate the degradation of residual starch in mango pomace and keratin in cattle and sheep manure, release soluble nitrogen, and alleviate the imbalance of C / N ratio. As a facultative anaerobic bacterium, Bacillus coagulans consumes free oxygen, creates a staged metabolic environment for Trichoderma viride and Bacillus mycoides, and optimizes the fermentation process; Bacillus mycoides secretes neutral protease, which efficiently decomposes keratin and plant insoluble proteins in cattle and sheep manure, releases small molecular peptides and amino acids, and increases the nitrogen content of fermentation products. At the same time, through urease regulation, it reduces ammonia volatilization loss. Its metabolites can degrade phenolic substances in mango pomace and furfural in sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate, and convert toxic substances into low-toxic or non-toxic metabolites through the redox enzyme system; Trichoderma viride secretes exocellulase, endocellulase and lignin peroxidase, which target the lignin-carbohydrate complex in sugarcane bagasse, making cellulose structure. The crystallinity decreases and the lignin degradation rate increases; brewer's yeast uses the soluble sugars in mango pomace and the xylose and arabinose after hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse to produce ethanol and CO2. Ethanol, as a natural antibacterial agent, selectively inhibits putrefactive bacteria, while CO2 promotes the formation of pile pores and improves oxygen diffusion efficiency; the cellulose degradation products released by Trichoderma viride and the ethanol metabolized by brewer's yeast provide carbon sources for Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus mycoides; the nitrogen source decomposed by Bacillus mycoides supports protein synthesis of other bacteria; the lactic acid of Bacillus coagulans lowers the pH and enhances the activity of acid-resistant cellulase of Trichoderma viride; the ethanol of brewer's yeast inhibits pathogens and reduces competitive inhibition on Bacillus mycoides; the phenolic and quinone intermediates produced by the metabolism of the four bacteria are condensed into humic acid under the catalysis of oxidase, and the laccase of Trichoderma viride catalyzes the directional conversion of lignin-derived aromatic compounds, thereby improving the growth-promoting effect of fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention provides a method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer and its application. To make the purpose, technical solution, and effects of the present invention more clear and explicit, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0021] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:1:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Example 2

[0022] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 3:1:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Example 3

[0023] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 4:1:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Example 4

[0024] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Example 5

[0025] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:3:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Example 6

[0026] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:1:2:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 1

[0027] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that bagasse was not added.

[0028] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. After passing one part of mango pomace through a 40-mesh sieve, the mixture was placed in a microwave reactor, 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid, 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed uniformly. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis, power 200W, microwave irradiation time 30min, microwave irradiation pressure of 0.3Mpa, and the obtained hydrolyzate was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 2

[0029] This comparative example differs from Example 4 in that no mango pomace is added.

[0030] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of bagasse was crushed through a 40-mesh sieve and placed in a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 3

[0031] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that no cattle and sheep manure was added.

[0032] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue were added to 4 parts of water, and then seed liquid was inoculated into 6 parts of solid residue for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 4

[0033] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that Bacillus coagulans was not added.

[0034] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 5

[0035] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that Bacillus mycoides was not added.

[0036] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 6

[0037] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that Trichoderma viride was not added.

[0038] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:2:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 7

[0039] This comparative example differs from Example 4 in that there is no Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0040] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, and Trichoderma viride were activated in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, and Trichoderma viride were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, and Trichoderma viride was 2:2:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 8

[0041] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that no biochar was added.

[0042] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of the fermentation product and 1 part of polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Comparative Example 9

[0043] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that no polyglutamic acid is added.

[0044] A method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: S1. One part of mango pomace and one part of sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve into a microwave reactor. 12 parts of 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 part of 3% ferrous sulfate were added and mixed. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis. The power was 200W, the microwave irradiation time was 30min, and the microwave irradiation pressure was 0.3Mpa. The hydrolyzate obtained was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. Activate Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7CFU / mL, 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure were mixed and 4 parts of water were added, and then the seed liquid was inoculated into the mixture of 6 parts of solid residue and 1 part of cattle and sheep manure for fermentation. The seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2:2:1:1, and fermented at 35°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mix 75 parts of fermentation product and 5 parts of biochar to obtain a bio-based fertilizer. Performance Testing

[0045] Particle hardness determination The particle strength tester measures the hardness of fertilizer particles.

[0046] Granulation rate determination The percentage of the mass of particles with a diameter greater than 1 mm in the total mass of particles.

[0047]

[0048] As can be seen from Table 1, Example 4 has the greatest hardness and the highest granulation rate. This may be because biochar has a high specific surface area and porous structure, which can effectively adsorb polyglutamic acid, nutrients in the fermentation broth and microbial metabolites to form a stable loading system; the carboxyl and amino groups on the polyglutamic acid molecular chain can combine with the organic components on the surface of biochar and the fermentation product through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic effects to form a three-dimensional network structure, which effectively wraps the biochar and fermentation product particles, enhances the cohesion of the particles, and thus improves the hardness and granulation rate of the fertilizer.

[0049] The experiment set up 15 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times, 3 kg of soil was weighed for each flower pot, and 1 part of the fertilizer of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-9 was added to the soil of the flower pot. Performance Testing

[0050] Soil property determination The organic matter content was determined by potassium dichromate oxidation exothermic method, the total nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method, the available phosphorus content was determined by sodium bicarbonate extraction silver antimony colorimetry, and the available potassium content was determined by ammonium acetate extraction flame photometry.

[0051]

[0052] As can be seen from Table 2, when the fertilizer prepared in Example 4 was applied to the soil, the soil had the highest organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and available potassium content. This may be because the biochar contains a highly aromatic carbon structure, which is resistant to microbial decomposition and can be retained in the soil for a long time, thereby increasing the organic carbon pool. The π-π conjugated system on the surface of the biochar combines with aromatic organic matter to form a physical protective layer, which reduces the mineralization rate of organic carbon. The oxalic acid and citric acid produced by the metabolism of polyglutamic acid and microorganisms react with Fe 3+、Al 3+ The oxygen-containing functional groups (-COOH, -OH) on the surface of biochar adsorb K through ion exchange. + , its layered structure can achieve K + The slow release of Bacillus coagulans has the potential to fix nitrogen, fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen. The organic acids produced by the metabolism of brewer's yeast lower the soil pH, inhibit nitrification, reduce nitrogen loss, and thus improve soil fertility. Example 7

[0053] Application of a bio-based fertilizer in corn planting comprises the following steps: S1. Set the row spacing to 0.24m x 0.6m; S2. Apply the fertilizer prepared in Example 4 to the soil. The amount of fertilizer applied is 700 kg / mu, and the corn planting density is 4535 plants / mu. Comparative Example 10

[0054] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no bio-based fertilizer is added during the corn planting process.

[0055] Table 3 Corn yield and 100-grain weight of corn ears in Example 7 and Comparative Example 10

[0056]

[0057] As can be seen from Table 3, adding the bio-based fertilizer prepared in Example 4 can increase corn yield and 100-grain weight per corn ear, indicating that the prepared bio-based fertilizer is beneficial to the growth of corn.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the spirit and technical solution of the present invention, use the methods and technical contents disclosed above to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-based fertilizer, characterized in that: The bio-based fertilizer is prepared by fermenting agricultural processing waste with composite bacteria; the composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2. The bio-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agricultural processing waste is mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse.

3. The method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The mango pomace and sugarcane bagasse were crushed and passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve into a microwave reactor, and 2-3% concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid and 2-3% concentration of ferrous sulfate were added and mixed evenly. The volume ratio of dilute hydrochloric acid and ferrous sulfate was (12-15):

1. The microwave reactor was placed in a microwave reaction system for hydrolysis reaction, and the obtained hydrolyzate was filtered to obtain a solid residue. S2. The Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were activated in accordance with conventional culture medium to prepare seed solution, the solid residue, cattle and sheep manure were mixed and water was added, and then the seed solution was inoculated into the solid residue, cattle and sheep manure mixture for fermentation. Anaerobic fermentation was carried out at room temperature for 6-7 days in summer and anaerobic fermentation was carried out at room temperature for 18-22 days in winter to obtain a fermentation product; S3. Mixing the fermentation product, biochar and polyglutamic acid to obtain a bio-based fertilizer.

4. The method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the mass ratio of mango pomace to sugarcane bagasse is 1:(1-3).

5. The method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The conditions of the microwave reaction system in step S1 are: power 180-200 W, microwave irradiation time 30-40 min, and microwave irradiation pressure 0.3-0.4 MPa.

6. The method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bacterial solution concentrations of the seed solutions of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in step S2 were 1×10 8 -2×10 8 CFU / mL, 5×10 8 -8×10 8 CFU / mL, 8×10 7 -9×10 7 CFU / mL, 1×10 7 -2×10 7 CFU / mL; the seed liquid inoculation ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (2-4): (1-3): (1-2):

1.

7. The method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the ratio of solid residue, cattle and sheep manure and water is (6-9): (1-2): (4-6).

8. The method for preparing a bio-based fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the mass ratio of the fermentation product, biochar, and polyglutamic acid is (75-85): (5-10): (1-2).

9. Use of the bio-based fertilizer according to claim 1 in promoting plant growth and improving soil.

10. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The plants include corn, eggplant, tomato and potato.

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