High-toughness wetland ecological grid structure and restoration system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure and a restoration system thereof. The grid structure comprises a plurality of rows of slope fixing grids which extend longitudinally and are arranged at intervals, and the slope fixing grids in the adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered mode; interval zones between the adjacent slope fixing grids form planting base bands which are communicated with each other. The slope fixing grids and the planting base band are made of artificial substrates of a multi-level pore structure, and a plurality of longitudinally-extending artificial waterways are arranged in the planting base band. The staggered ecological grid structure is matched with the wave-shaped artificial waterway to enhance the overall stability and anti-interference capability of the wetland, and the artificial matrix with the multi-level pore structure improves the water retention, filtration and adsorption effects and enhances the hydraulic connectivity of the matrix. According to the remediation system, a grid structure is divided into four planting belts, the remediation system of an arbor-shrub-grass-hygrophilous four-layer three-dimensional community is formed, a functional microorganism-plant combined remediation mechanism is achieved in cooperation with microbial flora, and the remediation adjusting capacity and stability of the wetland are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, and in particular to a high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure and a restoration system thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wetlands are among the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, with core functions such as carbon sequestration, flood control, water purification, and habitat maintenance. However, with the acceleration of urbanization and intensified climate change, existing wetlands are generally facing the following problems: (1) Insufficient ecological resilience: Traditional restoration technologies rely on single species or static engineering measures, which are difficult to withstand extreme climate (such as drought and flooding) and human interference, resulting in a high rate of wetland degradation after restoration; (2) High restoration costs: Existing technologies have a long construction period (5-8 years on average), high maintenance costs (3-5 million yuan per square kilometer per year), and rely on imported materials (such as Dutch matrix improvers), making them difficult to promote on a large scale. (3) Decline of biodiversity: Artificially restored wetlands have poor stability of plant and animal communities due to the homogenization of habitats. Many restoration projects have resulted in a gradual decrease in wetland animal habitats due to unreasonable plant configuration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a highly resilient wetland ecological grid structure and its restoration system. By integrating wetland matrix, community configuration and hydrological regulation technology, the self-repair ability of the wetland system to climate disturbances and human interference is enhanced, forming a biodiversity enhancement technology system.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure, characterized by comprising: Multiple rows of longitudinally extending and spaced apart slope-fixing grids, with the slope-fixing grids between adjacent rows being staggered; The intervals between adjacent slope-fixing grids form interconnected planting bases; Both the slope stabilization grid and the planting base strip adopt an artificial matrix with a multi-layer pore structure, and the pores of each layer increase from top to bottom. A plurality of longitudinally extending artificial waterways are arranged in the planting base belt, and the artificial waterways are bent and passed between two adjacent rows of slope-fixing grids.

[0005] Preferably, the artificial matrix comprises the following components and their weight proportions: Biochar 30%-40%; Bentonite 20%; Microbial flora 0.5%-2%; Aggregate remainder; The pore size of the artificial matrix is ​​distributed in a gradient of 0.1-2 mm, and the porosity is 30%-60%.

[0006] Preferably, the microbial flora includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; and the aggregate includes gravel and volcanic rock.

[0007] Preferably, the slope fixing grid adopts an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer distribution structure, and has four butted grid plates around the slope fixing grid; the upper layer structure of the slope fixing grid is mixed with aggregate with a particle size of 1-3mm and a layer pore size of 0.1-0.5mm; the middle layer structure of the slope fixing grid is mixed with aggregate with a particle size of 3-5mm and a layer pore size of 0.5-1mm; the lower layer structure of the slope fixing grid is mixed with aggregate with a particle size of 5-10mm and a layer pore size of 1-2mm; The planting base belt adopts an upper and lower layer distribution structure, and the thickness of the planting base belt is the same as the slope fixing grid; the upper layer structure of the planting base belt is mixed with aggregates with a particle size of 1-3mm and a layer pore size of 0.1-0.5mm; the lower layer structure of the planting base belt is mixed with aggregates with a particle size of 3-5mm and a layer pore size of 0.5-1mm.

[0008] Preferably, the two ends of the slope-fixing grid overlap with the ends of the slope-fixing grids in the adjacent row in the transverse direction, and there is a gap in the transverse direction; The artificial waterway adopts pre-buried water pipes, and water outlet joints are arranged at intervals on the water pipes. The artificial waterway passes through the gaps and bends between two adjacent rows of slope-fixing grids. The entire artificial waterway is in a repeatedly bending wave shape.

[0009] A high-resilience wetland ecological restoration system, in which the wetland ecological grid structure is arranged along the water flow and divided into four planting belts according to the distance from the water flow, namely the tree planting belt, shrub planting belt, herbaceous planting belt and wetland planting belt; the dividing line of each planting belt is located on the center line of the slope-fixing grid, so that adjacent planting belts partially intersect.

[0010] Preferably, the tree planting belt is a mixture of water-resistant trees and nitrogen-fixing trees; The shrub planting belt is a mixture of water-resistant shrubs and nectar-producing shrubs; The herbaceous planting belt is mainly composed of grasses of the Poaceae family, with a combination of sedges and juncos; The wetland planting zone is planted in a mosaic pattern of water-resistant wetland plants and submerged plants.

[0011] Preferably, in the repair system, after the planting base strip has been planted for 1 to 2 years, the slope fixing grids begin to be replanted; Replant trees on the slope reinforcement grid in the same row as the shrub planting belt; Shrubs are replanted on the slope-stabilizing grid in the same row as the herbaceous planting belt; Herbaceous plants are replanted on the slope stabilization grids in the same row as the wetland planting zone.

[0012] Preferably: at least one artificial waterway is arranged in each planting belt; Water level sensors, flow rate sensors, water quality sensors and soil physical and chemical property sensors are installed in each planting belt to monitor the wetland hydrological information of each planting belt in real time; each sensor uploads information to the cloud server, and the cloud server dynamically adjusts the flow of the corresponding artificial waterway according to the wetland hydrological information.

[0013] Preferably, within a certain period of time, the cloud server uses corresponding artificial waterways to transport functional bacteria or compound fertilizers according to the wetland hydrological information of each planting zone.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The staggered ecological grid structure combined with the wavy artificial waterway enhances the overall stability and anti-interference ability of the wetland, effectively resisting extreme climate and human interference, and reducing the degradation rate of the restored wetland. The multi-level porous structure of the artificial matrix improves water retention, filtration and adsorption effects, and enhances the hydraulic connectivity of the matrix. A four-layer restoration system of "trees-shrubs-grasses-wetlands" with staggered vertical and horizontal spaces has been constructed. Root secretions from different plants are used to regulate nutrient cycles. In combination with microbial flora, a functional microbial-plant joint restoration mechanism is implemented, which improves the wetland's own restoration and regulation capabilities and stability, and reduces subsequent maintenance costs. Through the Internet of Things hydrological monitoring network, the wetland hydrological information of each planting belt can be monitored in real time, and the water replenishment of the wetland ecological restoration system can be dynamically adjusted. Differentiated scheduling strategies can be formulated for different scenarios, enhancing the system's anti-interference ability and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of wetland restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the mid-AA section.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of groundwater infiltration in a high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure of the present invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Slope stabilization grid; 2. Planting base strip; 3. Artificial waterway. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure, which has multiple columns of slope-fixing grids 1 that extend longitudinally and are arranged at intervals, and the longitudinal gaps between the slope-fixing grids 1 are smaller than the longitudinal length of the slope-fixing grids 1. There is a certain spacing between adjacent columns of slope-fixing grids 1, and the slope-fixing grids between adjacent columns are staggered so that the two ends of the slope-fixing grids 1 have overlapping parts with the ends of the slope-fixing grids 1 in the adjacent columns in the transverse direction, and there are also gaps in the transverse direction. The longitudinal gaps and transverse gaps between adjacent slope-fixing grids constitute a planting base strip 2. An artificial waterway 3 is set between every two columns of slope-fixing grids 1. The artificial waterway 3 is arranged in the planting base strip 2. The artificial waterway 3 passes through the transverse gap and is bent and passed through in the longitudinal gap between the two columns of slope-fixing grids 1. The entire artificial waterway 3 is in a repeatedly bent wave shape. The artificial waterway 3 uses pre-buried water pipes, and the water pipes are provided with evenly distributed water outlet joints for realizing water resource regulation.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, both the slope-fixing grid 1 and the planting base strip 2 utilize an artificial matrix with a multi-layered porous structure, with the pore size of each layer increasing from top to bottom. In this embodiment, the artificial matrix includes the following components and their weight proportions: biochar 30%-40%; bentonite 20%; microbial flora 0.5%-2%; and the balance is aggregate. The microbial flora includes nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the aggregate includes gravel and volcanic rock. The artificial matrix forms a gradient distribution of pore sizes from 0.1 to 2 mm, depending on the choice of aggregate, with a porosity of 30%-60%.

[0023] In this embodiment, the slope-stabilizing grid 1 and the planting strip 2 are filled separately. Four interconnected mesh panels surround the slope-stabilizing grid 1, forming a single unit. The grid 1 features an upper, middle, and lower layer structure. The upper layer is composed of a mixture of 1-3mm aggregate with a 0.1-0.5mm pore size; the middle layer is composed of 3-5mm aggregate with a 0.5-1mm pore size; and the lower layer is composed of 5-10mm aggregate with a 1-2mm pore size.

[0024] Planting strip 2 is backfilled after slope stabilization grid 1, using an upper and lower layer structure. Its overall thickness is the same as that of slope stabilization grid 1. The upper layer of planting strip 2 is a mixture of aggregate with a particle size of 1-3mm and a pore size of 0.1-0.5mm; the lower layer is a mixture of aggregate with a particle size of 3-5mm and a pore size of 0.5-1mm. As water seeps downward, it also circulates between slope stabilization grid 1 and planting strip 2, enhancing nutrient recycling and complementarity.

[0025] This embodiment solves the problems of poor water and fertilizer retention and weak erosion resistance of traditional substrates through the ternary compound of biochar, bentonite and microorganisms; through the multi-level pore structure (pore size 0.1-2mm gradient distribution), the hydraulic connectivity of the substrate is enhanced to solve the problems of compaction and leakage; and Figure 3 As shown, a pore gradient distribution is also formed on the horizontal grid structure. The pore sizes of the bottom layers of the slope-fixing grid 1 and the planting base strip 2 are different, so that the horizontal water flow infiltration forms an "S"-shaped flow pattern, thereby improving water retention and filtration and adsorption effects.

[0026] Example 2: Based on the above-mentioned embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a high-toughness wetland ecological restoration system. The wetland ecological grid structure is arranged along the water flow, and the entire wetland ecological grid structure is divided into four planting belts according to the distance from the water flow, namely, the tree planting belt, the shrub planting belt, the herbaceous planting belt and the wetland planting belt from far to near; the dividing line of each planting belt is located on the center line of the slope consolidation grid 1, so that adjacent planting belts are partially intersected on the slope consolidation grid 1 and the planting base belt 2.

[0027] In this embodiment, the tree planting belt is a mixed planting of water-tolerant trees and nitrogen-fixing trees. The water-tolerant trees are pond cypress and Chinese cypress, and the nitrogen-fixing trees are alder and locust. The planting density is 3×3m to form an upper canopy layer. The organic acid content in the overall root exudates is expected to be ≥20 μmol / g root fresh weight, which promotes the decomposition of organic matter by rhizosphere microorganisms. Shrub planting belts are a mix of water-tolerant shrubs such as Tamarix and Amorpha fruticosa, and nectar-producing shrubs such as Tamarisk and Vitex truncatum. Plant spacing is 2 x 2 m. The concentration of phenolic substances secreted by the shrub roots is expected to be 5-10 μmol / g fresh root weight, inhibiting the growth of pathogens. The herbaceous planting belt is primarily composed of grasses from the Poaceae family, with a mix of sedges and junctivites. Grasses such as reeds and bermudagrass should have an overall coverage of ≥80%. The overall reed root system oxygen secretion rate is expected to be ≥20 μmol O2 / (g root·h), forming aerobic micro-zones in the rhizosphere and promoting ammonia nitrogen nitrification. The wetland planting belt adopts mosaic planting of water-tolerant wetland plants and submerged plants. The water-tolerant wetland plants include Lythrum salicaria and Acorus calamus, and the submerged plants include Foxtail algae and Vallisneria. It is expected that the content of polysaccharides secreted by the roots of the overall wetland plants is ≥5mg / g root dry weight, which enhances the stability of matrix aggregates.

[0028] After one to two years of planting in each planting zone, the slope-stabilizing grids 1 begin to be replanted with new plants. In this embodiment, trees are replanted in the slope-stabilizing grids 1 in the same row as the shrub planting zone, using the same arrangement as in the tree planting zone. Shrubs are replanted in the slope-stabilizing grids 1 in the same row as the herb planting zone, using the same arrangement as in the shrub planting zone. Herbs are replanted in the slope-stabilizing grids 1 in the same row as the wetland planting zone, using the same arrangement as in the herb planting zone.

[0029] This embodiment cooperates with the gradient wetland ecological grid structure to construct a restoration system with four-layer three-dimensional communities of "trees-shrubs-grasses-wetlands" in which vertical and horizontal spaces are staggered. Root secretions (organic acids, phenolic substances) are used to regulate nutrient circulation, improve the coordinated restoration mechanism of the restoration system, avoid wetland degradation and biodiversity decline after restoration, and maintain the ecological self-regulation function for a long time. The restoration system of this embodiment constructs a multi-level, multi-species, structurally stable, high-resilience vegetation community, and cooperates with the microbial flora to realize a functional microbial-plant joint restoration mechanism. It is expected that the simultaneous degradation of organic matter COD removal rate will be ≥85% and the fixed heavy metal Cd / Pb solidification rate will be ≥90%.

[0030] Example 3: On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment 2, an Internet of Things hydrological monitoring network is set up. In this embodiment, at least one artificial waterway 3 is arranged in each planting belt; water level sensors, flow rate sensors, water quality sensors and soil physical and chemical property sensors are evenly arranged in each planting belt. Each group of sensors is concentrated at the bend of the artificial waterway 3 and the intersection area of ​​the four planting belts to monitor the wetland hydrological information of each planting belt in real time. Each sensor uploads information to the cloud server. The server sets up a hydrological-ecological coupling model. The server compares the measured data with the model prediction value every 10 minutes to dynamically adjust the flow of the corresponding artificial waterway 3 and the water replenishment amount of the wetland ecological restoration system. In addition, within a certain period of time, the cloud server uses the corresponding artificial waterway 3 to transport functional bacteria or compound fertilizers based on the wetland hydrological information of each planting belt.

[0031] In this embodiment, by arranging sensors in layers, three-dimensional monitoring of water level, water flow, water quality, soil and vegetation is achieved, and a complete technical chain of "monitoring-model-scheduling-feedback" is constructed to achieve dynamic optimization of water supply. Differentiated scheduling strategies can be formulated for different scenarios such as drought, heavy rain, pollution, etc., thereby enhancing the system's anti-interference ability.

[0032] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure, characterized in that: include: Multiple rows of longitudinally extending and spaced apart slope-fixing grids, with the slope-fixing grids between adjacent rows being staggered; The intervals between adjacent slope-fixing grids form interconnected planting bases; Both the slope stabilization grid and the planting base strip adopt an artificial matrix with a multi-layer pore structure, and the pores of each layer increase from top to bottom. A plurality of longitudinally extending artificial waterways are arranged in the planting base belt, and the artificial waterways are bent and passed between two adjacent rows of slope-fixing grids.

2. A high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial matrix includes the following components and their weight proportions: Biochar 30%-40%; Bentonite 20%; Microbial flora 0.5%-2%; Aggregate remainder; The pore size of the artificial matrix is ​​distributed in a gradient of 0.1-2 mm, and the porosity is 30%-60%.

3. The high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microbial flora includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; and the aggregate includes gravel and volcanic rock.

4. The high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slope-fixing grid adopts an upper, middle and lower layer distribution structure, and has four butted grid plates around the grid. The upper layer structure of the slope-fixing grid is mixed with aggregates with a particle size of 1-3mm and a layer pore size of 0.1-0.5mm; the middle layer structure of the slope-fixing grid is mixed with aggregates with a particle size of 3-5mm and a layer pore size of 0.5-1mm; the lower layer structure of the slope-fixing grid is mixed with aggregates with a particle size of 5-10mm and a layer pore size of 1-2mm. The planting base belt adopts an upper and lower layer distribution structure, and the thickness of the planting base belt is the same as the slope fixing grid; the upper layer structure of the planting base belt is mixed with aggregates with a particle size of 1-3mm and a layer pore size of 0.1-0.5mm; the lower layer structure of the planting base belt is mixed with aggregates with a particle size of 3-5mm and a layer pore size of 0.5-1mm.

5. The high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the slope fixing grid overlap with the ends of the slope fixing grids in the adjacent row in the transverse direction, and there is a gap in the transverse direction; The artificial waterway adopts pre-buried water pipes, and water outlet joints are arranged at intervals on the water pipes. The artificial waterway passes through the gaps and bends between two adjacent rows of slope-fixing grids. The entire artificial waterway is in a repeatedly bending wave shape.

6. A high-toughness wetland ecological restoration system, using a high-toughness wetland ecological grid structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The wetland ecological grid structure is arranged along the water flow and is divided into four planting belts according to the distance from the water flow, namely the tree planting belt, shrub planting belt, herbaceous planting belt and wetland planting belt; the dividing line of each planting belt is located on the center line of the slope-fixing grid, so that adjacent planting belts partially intersect.

7. The high-toughness wetland ecological restoration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tree planting belt is a mixture of water-resistant trees and nitrogen-fixing trees; The shrub planting belt is a mixture of water-resistant shrubs and nectar-producing shrubs; The herbaceous planting belt is mainly composed of grasses of the Poaceae family, with a combination of sedges and juncos; The wetland planting zone is planted in a mosaic pattern of water-resistant wetland plants and submerged plants.

8. The high-toughness wetland ecological restoration system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the repair system, after the planting base strip is planted for 1 to 2 years, the slope stabilization grid begins to be replanted; Replant trees on the slope reinforcement grid in the same row as the shrub planting belt; Shrubs are replanted on the slope-stabilizing grid in the same row as the herbaceous planting belt; Herbaceous plants are replanted on the slope stabilization grids in the same row as the wetland planting zone.

9. A high-toughness wetland ecological restoration system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: At least one artificial waterway is arranged in each planting belt; Water level sensors, flow rate sensors, water quality sensors and soil physical and chemical property sensors are installed in each planting belt to monitor the wetland hydrological information of each planting belt in real time; each sensor uploads information to the cloud server, and the cloud server dynamically adjusts the flow of the corresponding artificial waterway according to the wetland hydrological information.

10. The high-toughness wetland ecological restoration system according to claim 9, characterized in that: Within a certain period of time, the cloud server uses the corresponding artificial waterway to transport functional bacteria or compound fertilizer according to the wetland hydrological information of each planting belt.

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