A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process

Abstract

The application relates to a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process, which comprises an outer spiral channel and an inner spiral channel nested in the outer spiral channel, the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel is opposite to that of the inner spiral channel; the inner spiral channel is coiled by two parallel inner spiral plates, the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel is larger than that of the inner spiral channel, and the outer spiral channel is coiled by two parallel outer spiral plates; a partition plate is arranged between the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel, the partition plate is provided with a pitch adjusting assembly for adjusting the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel; the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel adopt a nested structure, the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel is larger than that of the inner spiral, the outer spiral channel is suitable for high-viscosity or particle-containing surfactant raw liquid, the larger spacing reduces flow resistance and avoids blockage, and the inner spiral channel is suitable for low-viscosity or heat exchange strengthening medium (such as cooling water), and the smaller spacing cooperates with the reverse spiral to enhance the turbulence intensity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, in particular to a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process. BACKGROUND

[0002] The spiral plate heat exchanger is widely used in the chemical production field due to its high heat transfer efficiency and compact structure, and especially in the surfactant production process, it undertakes the key heat exchange tasks such as heating, cooling and solvent recovery of reactants. The traditional spiral plate heat exchanger is made of two spiral channels by rolling two parallel metal plates, and the cold and hot fluids flow in the channels in counter-flow or cross-flow mode, and the heat transfer is realized through the metal plates. However, with the development of surfactant production process towards refinement and high efficiency, the traditional structure has exposed many technical bottlenecks in dealing with complex working conditions, which are specifically embodied in that in the surfactant production process, the viscosity of the melt generated by polymerization reaction, the viscous solution after concentration and other materials can reach 300-1200 mPa·s, which is significantly higher than that of conventional fluids. The fixed narrow flow channel (the distance is usually 3-8 mm) of the traditional spiral plate heat exchanger will cause great flow resistance when the high-viscosity material passes through. According to the Darcy-Weisberg equation, the fluid pressure drop is positively correlated with the viscosity and flow rate, and inversely correlated with the fifth power of the flow channel diameter. Therefore, when the high-viscosity material is transported in the narrow flow channel, the pumping energy consumption increases sharply, and even the material may be blocked in the channel due to high pressure, affecting the production continuity.

[0003] A spiral plate heat exchanger for viscous fluid, a heat exchange device and a heat exchange method are disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 202411558488.X, filed on November 4, 2024. The first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet and the second outlet are arranged on the heat exchanger body. Two kinds of media enter the inside of the heat exchanger body through the first inlet and the second inlet to complete heat exchange, and are discharged from the first outlet and the second outlet respectively. The heat exchange and filtration functions are integrated in the application, which simplifies the production process. A disc with two filter zones is used. During work, the two filter zones are used to process the medium in turn. When there is a blockage in the filter zone, the elastic trigger mechanism can trigger movement, so that the synchronous follow-up mechanism drives the disc to rotate half a circle, and the two filter zones exchange positions. The backflush mechanism cleans the blocked filter zone. Although the patent sets up switchable filter zones and elastic trigger mechanisms, it realizes automatic switching of the filter function when blocked to a certain extent, and reduces the frequency of manual maintenance, but the scheme still has limitations: the structure of the filter zone is fixed, and it is difficult to adapt to the efficient filtration needs of different particle sizes of impurities and complex working conditions.

[0004] According to the related technologies in the above, the inventor believes that the existing spiral plate heat exchanger has the defect of being difficult to adapt to the efficient filtration needs of different particle sizes of impurities and complex working conditions. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process.

[0006] The application provides a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] The spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process comprises an outer spiral channel and an inner spiral channel nested in the outer spiral channel, the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel is opposite to the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel; the inner spiral channel is formed by winding two parallel inner spiral plates, the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel is greater than the channel spacing of the inner spiral channel, and the outer spiral channel is formed by winding two parallel outer spiral plates; a partition plate is arranged between the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel, the partition plate is provided with a distance adjusting assembly, and the distance adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel adopt a nested structure, the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel is greater than that of the inner spiral channel, the outer spiral channel is suitable for high-viscosity or particle-containing surfactant raw material liquid, the larger spacing reduces flow resistance and avoids blockage, the inner spiral channel is suitable for low-viscosity or heat-exchange-strengthened medium (such as cooling water), the smaller spacing cooperates with the reverse spiral to enhance the turbulence intensity and improve the heat exchange coefficient, and the distance adjusting assembly can be used to adjust the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel to adapt to fluids with different viscosities.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of inner distance columns for supporting the inner spiral plates are arranged between the channel spacings of the inner spiral channel, the inner distance columns are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the inner spiral channel, a plurality of outer distance columns for supporting the outer spiral plates are arranged between the channel spacings of the outer spiral channel, the outer distance columns are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel, the cross-sectional diameter of the outer distance column is greater than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner distance column, and the outer walls of the outer distance column and the inner distance column are uniformly formed with spiral grooves along the axial direction, the spiral direction of the grooves on the outer distance column is consistent with the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel, the spiral direction of the grooves on the inner distance column is consistent with the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel, and piezoelectric vibrators are embedded in the inner distance column and the outer distance column.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the inner distance column and the outer distance column support the inner spiral plate and the outer spiral plate respectively, so as to ensure that the spacing of the spiral channel is constant and prevent the spiral plate from deforming under the pressure of the fluid; the spiral grooves can form spiral turbulent flow tracks, prolong the residence time of the fluid in the channel, and improve the heat exchange coefficient.

[0011] Preferably, the distance adjusting assembly comprises a plurality of sliding grooves arranged at the end face of the partition plate and spaced along the circumference thereof, adjusting blocks arranged in the sliding grooves, magnetic force rods connected to one end face of the adjusting blocks, two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces arranged at the other end face of the adjusting blocks, an adjustable wall plate arranged at one side of the outer spiral channel, a plurality of needle roller guides arranged on the adjustable wall plate, a plurality of micro hydraulic cylinders arranged on the outer wall of the outer spiral channel, and magnetic force couplings connected to the piston rods of the micro hydraulic cylinders, each of the magnetic force couplings and each of the magnetic force rods are arranged one-to-one corresponding, the polarities of the magnetic force couplings and the corresponding magnetic force rods are the same, the axial direction of the piston rods of the micro hydraulic cylinders is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel, and the axial direction of the magnetic force rods is parallel to the tangent of the outer spiral channel; the adjustable wall plate is arranged opposite to the opening side of the sliding groove, the magnetic force rods are arranged at the side of the adjusting blocks away from the adjustable wall plate and penetrate the partition plate along the axial direction, and the two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces are respectively located at the two edge positions of the end face of the adjusting block in the tangential direction; the wedge-shaped inclined surfaces are arc-shaped and engaged with the needle roller guides, the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surfaces is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel, and the end of the adjustable wall plate is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, according to the principle of same polarity repelling, when the micro hydraulic cylinders drive the magnetic force couplings, the magnetic force rods can be pushed to drive the adjusting blocks to slide, because the wedge-shaped inclined surfaces are engaged with the needle roller guides, the radial hydraulic thrust can be converted into radial displacement, so that the distance between the outer spiral channels can be accurately adjusted to adapt to media with different viscosities.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustable wall plate comprises a fixed ring plate and a plurality of movable plates elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring plate, the side of each movable plate close to the fixed ring plate is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel, each movable plate is arranged one-to-one corresponding to each sliding groove, and an installation groove is arranged in the radial direction of each movable plate, the opening of the installation groove extends to the side end face of the movable plate close to the outer spiral channel, the needle roller guide is arranged in the installation groove, and the movable plates are connected end to end to form a spiral curved surface ring, a plurality of connecting grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the fixed ring plate, and an elastic sealing band is arranged in each connecting groove, and the side of the elastic sealing band away from the fixed ring plate is connected to the movable plate.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, the movable plates are connected to the fixed ring plate through the elastic sealing bands (Hastelloy corrugated bands), the needle roller guides moving in the radial direction push the movable plates to expand outward or inward, so that the channel distance of the outer spiral channel is changed.

[0015] Preferably, one side wall of each movable plate is provided with a dovetail tenon, and the other side wall is provided with a dovetail groove, and the dovetail tenon of the movable plate is matched with the dovetail groove of the adjacent movable plate; the mounting groove of each movable plate is provided with a magnetic baffle, and the magnetic baffle is correspondingly attracted and fixed with the needle roller guide.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, the dovetail tenon and the groove are matched to form a mechanical interlocking structure, so that the adjacent movable plates are tightly connected, the radial or axial displacement caused by the fluid pressure can be effectively resisted, and the deformation or leakage of the channel can be avoided.

[0017] Preferably, the dovetail groove is matched with the corresponding wedge-shaped slope with a gap, and the bottom of the sliding groove is embedded with an electrode pin, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is arranged on the side opposite to the bottom of the sliding groove, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is matched and locked with the electrode pin when electrified.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, the double dovetail grooves are arranged in the sliding groove, and the wedge-shaped slope of the adjusting block is matched, so that the position drift of the adjusting block caused by the fluid impact is avoided, and in addition, the piezoelectric ceramic and the electrified pin can form a rigid locking structure to prevent the spacing fluctuation caused by the fluid pressure.

[0019] Preferably, the inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel are provided with viscosity sensors and differential pressure sensors, and the viscosity sensors, the differential pressure sensors, the magnetic coupler and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet are connected with an external controller.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, the viscosity sensors and the differential pressure sensors are used to monitor the fluid state and detect the fluid viscosity and the pressure difference in real time, when the fluid viscosity is detected to be increased (such as when the non-ionic surfactant is cooled) or the pressure difference is detected to be increased (indicating fouling), the adjusting assembly works to automatically increase the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel, so as to realize the energy efficiency optimization under all working conditions.

[0021] Preferably, a plurality of vortex units are arranged on the side of the inner spiral channel in contact with the cooling medium along the spiral flow line, each group of vortex units includes two rows of staggered concave pits and protrusions arranged behind each row of concave pits, the concave pits are arranged in a hemispherical shape, the cross section of the protrusions is triangular, the protruding directions of the two protrusions of each group of vortex units are opposite, and at least two spaced apart concave pits in each group of vortex units are provided with a micro ultrasonic transducer.

[0022] By adopting the above technical scheme, the hemispherical concave pits and the triangular protrusions are arranged in a staggered manner on the wall surface of the inner spiral channel, and when the fluid flows through, strong vortexes are formed to destroy the boundary layer, so as to improve the heat transfer coefficient.

[0023] Preferably, a plurality of inclined guide plates are arranged in the outer spiral channel near the inlet end, the inclined guide plates are fan-shaped and the curvature thereof matches the curvature of the outer spiral channel, the inclined guide plates are divided into three groups, and the inclined guide plates in each group are arranged at an interval of 120° along the circumferential direction of the outer spiral channel.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the three groups of inclined guide plates are symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction at an interval of 120°, so that the inlet fluid can be uniformly distributed to different radial regions of the channel, the local flow rate is prevented from being too high or too low, and the flow rate distribution of the entire cross section is ensured to be more uniform.

[0025] Preferably, a plurality of inclined guide plates are arranged in the outer spiral channel near the inlet end, the inclined guide plates are fan-shaped and the curvature thereof matches the curvature of the outer spiral channel, the inclined guide plates are divided into three groups, and the inclined guide plates in each group are arranged at an interval of 120° along the circumferential direction of the outer spiral channel.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the three groups of inclined guide plates are symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction at an interval of 120°, so that the inlet fluid can be uniformly distributed to different radial regions of the channel, the local flow rate is prevented from being too high or too low, and the flow rate distribution of the entire cross section is ensured to be more uniform.

[0027] In summary, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] The outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel in the nested structure are adopted in the present application, the interval of the outer spiral channel is larger than that of the inner spiral channel, the outer spiral channel is suitable for high-viscosity or particle-containing surfactant raw material liquid, the larger interval reduces the flow resistance and avoids blockage, and the inner spiral channel is suitable for low-viscosity or medium (such as cooling water) requiring heat transfer enhancement, and the smaller interval cooperates with the reverse spiral to enhance the turbulence intensity and improve the heat transfer coefficient.

[0029] The interval adjusting assembly is used to adjust the channel interval of the outer spiral channel, so as to adapt to different working conditions: when processing high-viscosity or particle-containing surfactant raw materials, the interval is increased to reduce the flow resistance and avoid blockage; or when heat transfer needs to be enhanced, the interval is reduced to increase the flow rate and the turbulence degree. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process.

[0031] Figure 2 is the right view of the spiral channel in the present application.

[0032] Figure 3 is the structural diagram of the distance column in the present application.

[0033] Figure 4 is the partial sectional view of the partition plate in the present application.

[0034] Figure 5 is the plan view of the partition plate in the present application.

[0035] Figure 6 is the sectional view of the adjustable wall plate in the present application.

[0036] Figure 7 is the side view of the movable plate in the present application.

[0037] Figure 8 is the plan view of the needle roller guide in the present application.

[0038] Figure 9 is the plan view of the inner spiral channel in the present application.

[0039] Figure 10 is the plan view of the inclined deflector plate in the present application.

[0040] Figure 11 is the side view of the inclined deflector plate in the present application.

[0041] Figure 12 is the structural diagram of the inclined deflector plate in the present application.

[0042] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 1, outer spiral channel; 2, inner spiral channel; 3, inner spiral plate; 4, outer spiral plate; 5, partition plate; 6, distance adjusting assembly; 61, sliding groove; 62, adjusting block; 63, magnetic force rod; 64, wedge-shaped inclined surface; 65, adjustable wall plate; 651, fixed ring plate; 652, movable plate; 653, mounting groove; 654, connecting groove; 655, elastic sealing band; 656, dovetail tenon; 657, dovetail groove; 658, magnetic baffle; 66, needle roller guide; 67, micro hydraulic cylinder; 68, magnetic coupler; 69, dovetail groove; 70, electrode pin; 71, piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 7, inner distance column; 8, outer distance column; 9, groove; 10, viscosity sensor; 11, differential pressure sensor; 12, eddy current unit; 121, pit; 122, protrusion; 123, micro ultrasonic transducer; 13, inclined deflector plate; 14, memory alloy hinge; 15, permanent magnet strip; 16, cooling main channel; 17, branch channel; 18, outlet collecting cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-12 The present application will be further described in detail.

[0044] The embodiment of the present application discloses a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process. Referring to Figures 1-12 , including outer spiral channel 1 and inner spiral channel 2 which is nested in outer spiral channel 1, the spiral direction of outer spiral channel 1 is opposite to the spiral direction of inner spiral channel 2; inner spiral channel 2 is rolled by two parallel inner spiral plates 3, the channel spacing of outer spiral channel 1 is larger than the channel spacing of inner spiral channel 2, which is rolled by two parallel outer spiral plates 4; a partition plate 5 is arranged between outer spiral channel 1 and inner spiral channel 2, and a pitch adjusting assembly 6 is arranged on the partition plate 5, which is used for adjusting the channel spacing of outer spiral channel 1.

[0045] In the embodiment, outer spiral channel 1 is additionally arranged outside inner spiral channel 2 to form a nested structure of large spiral channel + small spiral channel, wherein high-viscosity or easy-fouling (such as surfactant melt) fluid enters outer spiral channel 1, and wide flow channel is used to reduce pressure drop; cooling or heating (such as water / steam) fluid enters inner spiral channel 2, and narrow flow channel is used to maintain high flow rate to enhance turbulence; in addition, high-speed flow of inner spiral channel 2 continuously flushes the partition plate 5 to form "passive self-cleaning", and the wide spacing of outer spiral channel 1 reduces the retention of large particles; furthermore, the channel spacing of outer spiral channel 1 can be adjusted by the pitch adjusting assembly 6 to adapt to fluids of different viscosities.

[0046] Specifically, because the spiral directions of outer spiral channel 1 and inner spiral channel 2 are opposite, the two fluids form counterflow or crossflow in the channel, and the heat transfer temperature difference is larger than that of co-current heat transfer, and the heat transfer efficiency is increased by about 30%-50%. For example, hot fluid and cold fluid spiral flow in opposite directions in the spiral channel, which can fully utilize the temperature difference to realize heat exchange, and is suitable for efficient heat exchange of high-temperature reaction liquid and cooling medium in surfactant production; in addition, the spacing of inner spiral channel 2 is small, and the flow rate of fluid is high, which is easy to form a turbulent state to reduce the thermal resistance of the boundary layer; the spacing of outer spiral channel 1 is large but adjustable, and the flow rate is optimized by the pitch adjusting assembly 6, so that the heat transfer coefficient of fluid in the channel is increased by more than 20%, which is especially suitable for heat transfer of high-viscosity surfactant solution; in addition, the inner and outer spiral channels are used as independent flow channels, and two fluids of different properties (such as reaction liquid and heating medium, finished product and cooling water) can be processed at the same time, and the channel spacing is designed differently (the outer channel spacing is larger than the inner channel spacing) to adapt to different flow requirements, for example, the outer channel can accommodate large flow fluid, and the inner channel processes small flow but high-efficiency heat exchange fluid.

[0047] Specifically, the pitch adjusting assembly 6 on the partition plate 5 can dynamically adjust the pitch of the outer spiral channel 1 to adapt to different working conditions: when processing high-viscosity or particle-containing surfactant raw materials, the pitch is increased to reduce flow resistance and avoid blockage; or when heat transfer needs to be strengthened, the pitch is reduced to increase flow rate and turbulence level; this design allows the device to adapt to multi-stage processes in surfactant production (such as polymerization, distillation, cooling, etc.), reducing equipment replacement costs; in addition, the pitch adjusting assembly 6 can fine-tune the channel pitch during operation, and by changing the flow rate to scour the channel wall, further inhibit fouling; if there is slight fouling, online cleaning can be performed by increasing the pitch and flow rate, without the need to stop and disassemble, improving production continuity.

[0048] In some embodiments, a plurality of inner distance pillars 7 are arranged between the channel pitches of the inner spiral channel 2 to support the inner spiral plates 3, and a plurality of outer distance pillars 8 are arranged between the channel pitches of the outer spiral channel 1 to support the outer spiral plates 4, each outer distance pillar 8 is uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel 1, the cross-sectional diameter of the outer distance pillar 8 is larger than that of the inner distance pillar 7, and the outer walls of the outer distance pillar 8 and the inner distance pillar 7 are uniformly formed with spiral grooves 9 along their axial directions, the spiral direction of the grooves 9 on the outer distance pillar 8 is consistent with the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel 1, the spiral direction of the grooves 9 on the inner distance pillar 7 is consistent with the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel 2, and piezoelectric vibrators are embedded in the inner distance pillar 7 and the outer distance pillar 8.

[0049] In this embodiment, the inner and outer distance pillars 7 and 8 respectively support the inner and outer spiral plates, ensuring that the pitch of the spiral channel is constant, preventing the spiral plates from deforming under fluid pressure, and maintaining the structural strength of the heat exchanger; the spiral directions of the grooves 9 on the inner and outer distance pillars are respectively consistent with the spiral directions of the corresponding inner and outer spiral channels, and periodic disturbances occur when the fluid flows along the grooves 9, forming spiral turbulent trajectories, prolonging the residence time of the fluid in the channel, and increasing the heat transfer area (equivalent expanded heat transfer surface of the grooves 9), thereby improving the heat transfer coefficient.

[0050] Specifically, the outer distance column 8 has a larger cross-sectional diameter than the inner distance column 7, which is suitable for the larger spacing requirement of the outer spiral channel 1, enhances the support stiffness of the larger channel, and avoids the decline in structural stability caused by a larger spacing; the staggered arrangement of the inner and outer distance columns causes the flow channel geometry to change periodically when the fluid passes through the inner and outer channels, forcing the fluid to generate more complex vortexes and disturbances, further enhancing the turbulence intensity; compared with parallel arrangement, the staggered layout can make the fluid obtain a higher Reynolds number at the same flow rate; at the same time, the staggered arrangement of the inner and outer distance columns forms a spatial network support structure, like a "truss effect", which can disperse the radial and axial pressure borne by the spiral plate, reduce local stress concentration, and is especially suitable for stable operation of the heat exchanger under high-pressure working conditions; in addition, the piezoelectric vibrator embedded in the distance column can generate high-frequency vibration, which on the one hand strengthens the fluid disturbance through vibration, and on the other hand prevents impurities in the fluid from depositing on the surface of the spiral plate, reduces fouling, and maintains long-term heat transfer efficiency

[0051] In some embodiments, the distance adjusting assembly 6 includes a plurality of sliding grooves 61 arranged at the end face of the partition plate 5 and spaced along the circumference thereof, an adjusting block 62 arranged in the sliding groove 61, a magnetic rod 63 connected to one end face of the adjusting block 62, two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces 64 arranged at the other end face of the adjusting block 62, an adjustable wall plate 65 arranged at one side of the outer spiral channel 1, a plurality of needle roller guides 66 arranged on the adjustable wall plate 65, a plurality of micro hydraulic cylinders 67 arranged on the outer wall of the outer spiral channel 1, and a magnetic coupler 68 connected to the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder 67. Each magnetic coupler 68 and each magnetic rod 63 are arranged one-to-one corresponding, and the polarity between the magnetic coupler 68 and the corresponding magnetic rod 63 is the same. The axial direction of the piston rod in the micro hydraulic cylinder 67 is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel 1, and the axial direction of the magnetic rod 63 is parallel to the tangent line of the outer spiral channel 1. The adjustable wall plate 65 is arranged opposite to the opening side of the sliding groove 61, and the magnetic rod 63 is arranged at the side of the adjusting block 62 away from the adjustable wall plate 65 and penetrates the partition plate 5 along the axial direction. The two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces 64 are respectively located at the two edge positions of the end face of the adjusting block 62 in the tangential direction. The wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is arc-shaped and engaged with the needle roller guide 66, and the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel 1. The end of the adjustable wall plate 65 is connected with the outer plate of the outer spiral channel 1.

[0052] In this embodiment, the magnetic coupler 68 is adjusted by the micro hydraulic cylinder 67, which pushes the magnetic rod 63 to drive the adjusting block 62 to slide through the same polarity repulsion principle. The engagement of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 and the needle roller guide 66 can convert the radial hydraulic thrust into radial displacement, and accurately adjust the spacing of the outer spiral channel 1. When the medium viscosity increases or fouling causes the pressure difference to rise, the system automatically expands the channel spacing to reduce the flow resistance. Conversely, the spacing is reduced to enhance heat transfer, achieving energy efficiency optimization under all working conditions.

[0053] Specifically, 6-8 groups of micro hydraulic cylinders 67 (corrosion-resistant Hastelloy cylinder body) are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the outer spiral plate 4, the piston rod penetrates the shell through the magnetic coupler 68, and the non-contact driving adjustment block 62 is driven; during operation, the external controller controls the radial extension and retraction of the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder 67 according to the feedback signals of the viscosity sensor 10 and the pressure difference sensor 11; the magnetic coupler 68 at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod has the same polarity as the magnetic rod 63, and uses the same-pole repulsion principle; when the hydraulic cylinder pushes the magnetic coupler 68 close to the magnetic rod 63, the repulsive force pushes the magnetic rod 63 to move tangentially along the sliding groove 61, the magnetic rod 63 drives the adjustment block 62 to slide in the sliding groove 61, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 on both sides of the adjustment block 62 is arc-shaped and engages with the needle roller guide 66, the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is radially parallel to the outer spiral channel 1, and the cross section is inverted trapezoidal, forming a double-inclined-surface converging structure, the two inverted trapezoidal surfaces can correspondingly engage with the two needle roller surfaces of the needle roller guide 66, when the adjustment block 62 moves tangentially along the sliding groove 61, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 pushes the needle roller guide 66 to move radially, so that the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 increases; conversely, when the hydraulic cylinder retracts, the distance between the magnetic coupler 68 and the magnetic rod 63 increases, the repulsive force decreases, the adjustment block 62 moves in the opposite direction under the action of fluid pressure or a reset mechanism, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 pushes the needle roller guide 66 to move in the opposite direction, so that the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 decreases.

[0054] Specifically, the partition plate 5 is designed as a three-layer composite plate, and is sequentially provided with a base layer, a sandwich layer and a functional layer from the outside to the inside of the spiral channel (the inside refers to the center direction). The base layer is made of stainless steel, the sandwich layer is made of a laser-engraved titanium alloy honeycomb core, and the functional layer is made of a silicon carbide ceramic coating. The honeycomb is filled with phase change material, which melts to absorb heat when locally overheated, thereby avoiding thermal deformation.

[0055] In some embodiments, the adjustable wall plate 65 includes a fixed ring plate 651 and a plurality of movable plates 652 elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring plate 651. The side of the movable plate 652 close to the fixed ring plate 651 is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel 1. Each movable plate 652 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with each sliding groove 61, and an installation groove 653 is provided in the movable plate 652 along the radial direction thereof. The opening of the installation groove 653 extends to the side end face of the movable plate 652 close to the outer spiral channel 1, and the needle roller guide 66 is arranged in the installation groove 653. The movable plates 652 are connected end to end to form a spiral curved surface ring. A plurality of connecting grooves 654 are provided on the inner wall of the fixed ring plate 651, and an elastic sealing band 655 is arranged in each connecting groove 654. The side of the elastic sealing band 655 away from the fixed ring plate 651 is connected to the movable plate 652.

[0056] In this embodiment, the needle roller guide 66 is embedded in the mounting groove 653 of the movable plate 652, the movable plate 652 is connected with the fixed ring plate 651 through the elastic sealing band 655 (a Hasselband), and the movable plate 652 is connected with the fixed ring plate 651 in a dovetail joint structure, can deform flexibly with the adjustment of the distance, and can keep the channel sealed, which can avoid the risk of leakage caused by mechanical deformation.

[0057] Specifically, the movable plate 652 is connected with the fixed ring plate 651 in a dovetail joint structure, can deform flexibly with the adjustment of the distance, and can keep the channel sealed, which can avoid the risk of leakage caused by mechanical deformation.

[0058] Specifically, the fixed ring plate 651 is welded to the outer shell of the heat exchanger, and the movable plate 652 and the fixed ring plate 651 jointly constitute the flow channel with adjustable gap; and each movable wall plate corresponds to a hydraulic actuating unit, covering a 60° sector area (a total of 6 pieces are combined to form a complete circumference); wherein the movable wall plate edge and the fixed ring plate 651 are connected through the pre-tensioned Hasselband; the two ends (Z-axis direction) of the movable plate 652 are connected with the outermost side of the outer spiral channel 1 through intermittent laser welding spots, limiting the axial displacement (Z-axis direction), but the elastic deformation area is reserved between the welding spots.

[0059] In some embodiments, one side wall of each movable plate 652 is provided with a dovetail tenon 656, and the other side wall is provided with a dovetail groove 657, the dovetail tenon 656 of the movable plate 652 is matched with the dovetail groove 657 of the adjacent movable plate 652; the mounting groove 653 of each movable plate 652 is provided with a magnetic baffle 658, and the needle roller guide 66 is correspondingly attracted and fixed with the magnetic baffle 658.

[0060] In this embodiment, the movable plate 652 is connected with the fixed ring plate 651 through the elastic sealing band 655 (a Hasselband), and the movable plate 652 is connected with the fixed ring plate 651 in a dovetail joint structure, can deform flexibly with the adjustment of the distance, and can keep the channel sealed, which can avoid the risk of leakage caused by mechanical deformation.

[0061] Specifically, the matching of the dovetail tenon 656 and the dovetail groove 657 forms a mechanical interlocking structure, so that the adjacent movable plates 652 are tightly connected, which can effectively resist the radial or axial displacement caused by fluid pressure, avoid deformation of the channel or leakage; the small gap and the dovetail-shaped (trapezoidal cross-section) contact surface can form a multi-layer sealing system in combination with the elastic sealing band 655, which is especially suitable for high-pressure or corrosive medium environment, reducing the risk of fluid leakage in the outer spiral channel 1; in addition, after the needle roller guide 66 is fixed by the magnetic baffle 658, it can smoothly roll in the mounting groove 653, and in cooperation with the driving of the wedge-shaped slope 64 and the magnetic coupler 68, it can ensure that the adjustable wall plate 65 has small resistance and high movement precision when adjusting the channel spacing; and the magnetic fixation allows the guide to adaptively fine-tune in a small range, compensates for the positional deviation caused by the deformation or thermal expansion of the movable plate 652, and avoids the jamming problem caused by rigid fixation.

[0062] In some embodiments, dovetail grooves 69 are provided on both opposite inner walls in the chute 61, the dovetail grooves 69 are gap-fitted between the corresponding wedge-shaped slopes 64, and the bottom of the chute 61 is embedded with electrode pins 70, the adjusting block 62 is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 71 on the side opposite to the bottom of the chute 61, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 71 is locked with the electrode pins 70 when energized.

[0063] In this embodiment, double dovetail grooves 69 are provided in the chute 61 to match the wedge-shaped slopes 64 of the adjusting block 62, so as to avoid the position drift of the adjusting block 62 caused by fluid impact, thereby affecting the channel accuracy, in addition, the bottom of the adjusting block 62 is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 71, when the target spacing is adjusted, the electrode pins 70 are energized to make the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 71 deform and tightly fit with the bottom of the chute 61, forming a rigid locking to prevent spacing fluctuation caused by fluid pressure.

[0064] In some embodiments, the inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel 1 are each provided with a viscosity sensor 10 and a differential pressure sensor 11, the viscosity sensor 10, the differential pressure sensor 11, the magnetic coupler 68, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 71 are all connected to an external controller.

[0065] In this embodiment, the viscosity sensor 10 and the differential pressure sensor 11 are used to monitor the fluid state in real time to detect the fluid viscosity and differential pressure. When the fluid viscosity is detected to be increased (such as when the non-ionic surfactant is cooled) or the differential pressure is detected to be increased (indicating fouling), the controller adjusts the repulsive force between the magnetic coupling 68 and the magnetic rod 63 (due to the same polarity) by changing the current direction or intensity of the magnetic coupling 68, which pushes the adjusting block 62 to move in the sliding groove. Through the engagement of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 and the needle guide rail 66, the movable plate of the adjustable wall plate is driven to displace radially, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of the spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 (for example, when the spacing is increased, the fluid flow area is increased, and the differential pressure is reduced). When the adjusting block 62 moves to the target position, the controller applies power to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 71 to cause it to deform and lock with the electrode pin 70 at the bottom of the sliding groove 61, preventing the adjusting block 62 from moving due to fluid pressure fluctuations. At the same time, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 71 can achieve micron-level fine adjustment to compensate for temperature changes or structural relaxation during long-term operation.

[0066] In some embodiments, the inner spiral channel 2 is provided with a plurality of vortex units 12 along the spiral flow line direction on the side in contact with the cooling medium. Each group of vortex units 12 includes two rows of staggered recesses 121 and protrusions 122 arranged behind each row of recesses 121. The recesses 121 are semi-spherical in shape, the protrusions 122 are triangular in cross-section, and the protrusion directions of the two protrusions 122 of each group of vortex units 12 are opposite. At least two spaced recesses 121 in each group of vortex units 12 are provided with a micro ultrasonic transducer 123.

[0067] In this embodiment, the inner spiral channel 2 wall is formed with staggered semi-spherical recesses 121 and triangular protrusions 122. When the fluid flows through, it forms strong vortexes, destroys the boundary layer, and increases the heat transfer coefficient by more than 20%. The recesses 121 also have a "micro-trap" function, temporarily capturing small particles, which are then washed away by subsequent fluid when the flow rate changes (such as when the gap adjustment system is triggered). In addition, the micro ultrasonic transducer 123 embedded in the recess 121 can produce high-frequency vibrations, further breaking up fluid clumps and enhancing microscopic mixing, especially for high-viscosity media heat transfer. In addition, the vortex units 12 of the inner spiral channel 2 are staggered with the fixed distance columns, which can form multi-scale vortices in the fluid, strengthening the heat exchange between hot and cold fluids.

[0068] In some embodiments, a plurality of inclined guide plates 13 are arranged near the inlet end of the outer spiral channel 1. The inclined guide plates 13 are fan-shaped, with a curvature matching that of the outer spiral channel 1. The inclined guide plates 13 are divided into three groups, each group being arranged 120° along the circumference of the outer spiral channel 1, and each group of inclined guide plates 13 being arranged along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel 1.

[0069] Three groups of inclined flow guide plates are symmetrically arranged in the circumferential direction at 120° in the embodiment, which can uniformly distribute the inlet fluid to different radial areas of the channel, prevent local flow rate from being too high or too low, ensure more uniform flow rate distribution of the entire cross section, and avoid the "partial flow" phenomenon. The curvature of the fan-shaped inclined flow guide plate is consistent with the outer spiral channel 1, which can guide the fluid to smoothly cut into the channel along the spiral trajectory, and avoid fluid segregation or impact loss caused by sudden change of flow direction at the inlet.

[0070] Specifically, the inclined flow guide plates in the same group are arranged at intervals in the axial direction. When the fluid passes each inclined flow guide plate, the flow direction and flow rate will be periodically disturbed, promoting boundary layer separation and forming vortex and turbulent flow. In the turbulent flow state, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the wall surface of the heat exchanger is significantly improved, which can reduce the thermal resistance, especially for high viscosity media (such as surfactant solution), to avoid low heat exchange efficiency caused by laminar flow. In addition, the inclined design of the inclined flow guide plate can guide the fluid to fill the inside of the curvature of the spiral channel (an area prone to dead zones), avoid fluid stagnation in the corners, and reduce the adverse effects of "dead volume" on heat exchange.

[0071] In some embodiments, a memory alloy hinge 14 is embedded at the connection between each inclined flow guide plate 13 and the outer spiral channel 1, and a permanent magnet strip 15 is provided at the trailing edge position of each inclined flow guide plate 13. The magnetic poles of the two adjacent permanent magnet strips 15 are the same. A cooling main channel 16 is also provided at the trailing edge position of each inclined flow guide plate 13. The cooling main channel 16 is connected to a plurality of branch channels 17. Each branch channel 17 covers 120° of the circumferential direction of the outer spiral channel 1, and the outlet end of each branch channel 17 is connected to an outlet manifold 18, which is connected to a recovery vortex tube.

[0072] In the embodiment, a memory alloy hinge 14 is provided at the bottom of the inclined flow guide plate 13, which can deform with the change of fluid temperature and automatically adjust the inclination angle of the inclined flow guide plate. For example, when high-temperature fluid flows through, the memory alloy is heated and elongated, which increases the inclination angle of the inclined flow guide plate, enhances the disturbance intensity of the fluid, and improves the heat exchange efficiency. When the temperature is low, the inclination angle decreases, which reduces the flow resistance and energy loss. This design does not require external driving, and the inclination angle of the inclined flow guide plate is adjusted in real time through temperature feedback, which is especially suitable for scenarios with large fluctuations in medium temperature in surfactant production, avoiding the attenuation of heat exchange efficiency or the sharp increase of resistance caused by fixed angle design.

[0073] Specifically, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet strips 15 are implanted at the trailing edge positions of the inclined guide vanes 13, and adjacent permanent magnet strips 15 repel each other. When the fluid flows, the trailing edge of the inclined guide vane produces a small amplitude vibration (the frequency is related to the flow rate) due to flow rate fluctuations, further tearing the boundary layer and forming high-frequency disturbances. Compared with fixed inclined guide vanes, the turbulent intensity can be increased by more than 30%, and the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow of high-viscosity media is significantly promoted. In addition, the cooling main channel 16 maintains the working temperature of the memory alloy hinge 14 near the phase transition critical point by circulating cooling liquid (such as water or heat conducting oil), preventing the shape memory effect from decaying due to long-term high temperature (such as exceeding the austenite phase transition temperature of the memory alloy), and ensuring the long-term stability of the hinge adjustment accuracy. The branch channel 17 is covered in 120° circumferentially, for example, the main channel connects 3 first-level branch pipes, and the three first-level branch pipes are evenly distributed along 120°. Each first-level branch pipe connects 3 second-level branch pipes, and every three second-level branch pipes form a 40° spiral angle. Each second-level branch pipe connects 3 third-level branch pipes, and the outlet end of each third-level branch pipe is a nanometer end, so that the cooling intensity of the outer spiral channel 1 is evenly distributed, avoiding local overheating leading to deformation of the inclined guide vane or material fatigue. At the same time, the fluid can be pre-cooled / pre-heated, forming a synergy with the main heat exchange process.

[0074] Specifically, the cooling fluid collected by the outlet manifold 18 carries heat into the vortex tube, and uses the vortex effect to separate the high-temperature fluid into cold and hot streams. The cold stream can be directly used for cooling system circulation, and the hot stream can be recycled to the production process (such as preheating raw material liquid). The energy recovery rate can reach 15%-20%, reducing the overall energy consumption of the system. The vortex tube does not require external power and can achieve cold and hot separation only by relying on fluid pressure, simplifying the system structure, especially suitable for explosion-proof or non-electric occasions, and improving the reliability of the equipment

[0075] The working principle of the spiral plate heat exchanger in the surfactant production process in the application is: an outer spiral channel 1 is additionally arranged outside an inner spiral channel 2 to form a nested structure of a large spiral channel and a small spiral channel, wherein a high-viscosity or easy-fouling (such as a surfactant melt) fluid enters the outer spiral channel 1, a wide flow channel is used to reduce the pressure drop, a cooling or heating (such as water / steam) fluid enters the inner spiral channel 2, and a narrow flow channel is used to maintain a high flow rate to enhance turbulence; a viscosity sensor 10 and a differential pressure sensor 11 are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel 1, which are used to monitor the fluid state and detect the fluid viscosity and the differential pressure; when the fluid viscosity is detected to be increased (such as when the nonionic surfactant is cooled) or the differential pressure is detected to be increased (indicating fouling), the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder 67 is radially extended and retracted; the magnetic coupler 68 at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod has the same polarity as the magnetic rod 63, and when the hydraulic cylinder pushes the magnetic coupler 68 to approach the magnetic rod 63, the repulsive force pushes the magnetic rod 63 to move tangentially along the sliding groove 61, the magnetic rod 63 drives the adjusting block 62 to slide in the sliding groove 61, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 on both sides of the adjusting block 62 is arc-shaped and meshes with the needle roller guide 66, and the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is radially parallel to the outer spiral channel 1, so that when the adjusting block 62 moves tangentially along the sliding groove 61, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 pushes the needle roller guide 66 to move radially, so that the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 is increased; three groups of inclined baffles 13 are arranged at the inlet end of the outer spiral channel 1, and the inclined baffles 13 are symmetrically arranged at 120° along the circumference, which can uniformly distribute the inlet fluid to different radial areas of the channel, prevent local flow rate from being too high or too low, ensure that the flow rate distribution of the entire cross section is more uniform, and avoid the “partial flow” phenomenon; the memory alloy hinge 14 is arranged at the bottom of the inclined baffle 13, which can deform with the change of the fluid temperature, automatically adjust the inclination angle of the inclined baffle, for example, when the high-temperature fluid flows through, the memory alloy is heated and elongated, the inclination angle of the inclined baffle 13 is increased, the disturbance intensity of the fluid is enhanced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the cooling main channel 16 maintains the working temperature of the memory alloy hinge 14 near the phase transition critical point by circulating the cooling liquid (such as water or heat conducting oil), so as to prevent the shape memory effect from decaying due to long-term high temperature (such as exceeding the austenite phase transition temperature of the memory alloy).

[0076] The above are preferred embodiments of the application, which do not limit the protection scope of the application, therefore: any equivalent changes made on the structure, shape, principle of the application should be covered within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process, characterized by: The application relates to a spiral channel device, which comprises an outer spiral channel (1) and an inner spiral channel (2) nested in the outer spiral channel (1), the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel (1) is opposite to that of the inner spiral channel (2); the inner spiral channel (2) is rolled by two parallel inner spiral plates (3), the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel (1) is larger than that of the inner spiral channel (2), and the outer spiral channel (1) is rolled by two parallel outer spiral plates (4); a partition plate (5) is arranged between the outer spiral channel (1) and the inner spiral channel (2), a pitch adjusting assembly (6) is arranged on the partition plate (5), and the pitch adjusting assembly (6) is used for adjusting the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel (1).

2. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of inner distance pillars (7) for supporting the inner spiral plates (3) are arranged between the channel spacings of the inner spiral channel (2), the inner distance pillars (7) are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the inner spiral channel (2), a plurality of outer distance pillars (8) for supporting the outer spiral plates (4) are arranged between the channel spacings of the outer spiral channel (1), the outer distance pillars (8) are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel (1), the cross-sectional diameter of the outer distance pillars (8) is larger than that of the inner distance pillars (7), and the outer walls of the outer distance pillars (8) and the inner distance pillars (7) are uniformly formed with spiral grooves (9) along the axial direction, the spiral direction of the grooves (9) on the outer distance pillars (8) is consistent with the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel (1), the spiral direction of the grooves (9) on the inner distance pillars (7) is consistent with the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel (2), and piezoelectric vibrators are embedded in the inner distance pillars (7) and the outer distance pillars (8).

3. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance adjusting assembly (6) comprises a plurality of sliding grooves (61) arranged at the end face of the partition plate (5) and spaced along the circumference thereof, adjusting blocks (62) arranged in the sliding grooves (61), magnetic force rods (63) connected to one end face of the adjusting blocks (62), two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces (64) arranged at the other end face of the adjusting blocks (62), an adjustable wall plate (65) arranged at one side of the outer spiral channel, a plurality of needle roller guides (66) arranged on the adjustable wall plate (65), a plurality of micro hydraulic cylinders (67) arranged on the outer wall of the outer spiral channel (1), and magnetic force couplings (68) connected to the piston rods of the micro hydraulic cylinders (67). Each of the magnetic force couplings (68) and each of the magnetic force rods (63) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, the polarities of the magnetic force couplings (68) and the corresponding magnetic force rods (63) are the same, the axial direction of the piston rods in the micro hydraulic cylinders (67) is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel (1), and the axial direction of the magnetic force rods (63) is parallel to the tangent of the outer spiral channel (1). The adjustable wall plate (65) is arranged opposite to the opening side of the sliding groove (61), the magnetic force rod (63) is arranged at the side of the adjusting block (62) away from the adjustable wall plate (65) and penetrates the partition plate (5) in the axial direction, and the two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces (64) are respectively located at the two edge positions of the end face of the adjusting block (62) in the tangential direction. The wedge-shaped inclined surface (64) is arc-shaped and engaged with the needle roller guide (66), the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface (64) is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel (1), and the end of the adjustable wall plate (65) is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel (1).

4. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustable wall plate (65) comprises a fixed ring plate (651) and a plurality of movable plates (652) elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring plate (651). The side of the movable plate (652) close to the fixed ring plate (651) is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel (1), each of the movable plates (652) is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each of the sliding grooves (61), and an installation groove (653) is arranged in the radial direction of the movable plate (652). The opening of the installation groove (653) extends to the end face of the movable plate (652) close to the outer spiral channel (1), the needle roller guide (66) is arranged in the installation groove (653), the movable plates (652) are connected end to end to form a spiral curved surface ring, a plurality of connecting grooves (654) are arranged on the inner wall of the fixed ring plate (651), an elastic sealing band (655) is arranged in the connecting groove (654), and the side of the elastic sealing band (655) away from the fixed ring plate (651) is connected to the movable plate (652).

5. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side wall of each movable plate (652) is provided with a dovetail tenon (656), and the other side wall is provided with a dovetail groove (657). The dovetail tenon (656) of the movable plate (652) cooperates with the dovetail groove (657) of the adjacent movable plate (652). The mounting groove (653) of each movable plate (652) is provided with a magnetic baffle (658). The needle roller guide rail (66) is correspondingly attracted and fixed with the magnetic baffle (658).

6. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two opposite inner walls of the chute (61) are provided with dovetail grooves (69). The dovetail grooves (69) are gap matched with the corresponding wedge-shaped inclined surfaces (64). The bottom of the chute (61) is embedded with an electrode pin (70). The adjusting block (62) is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic sheet (71) on the side opposite to the bottom of the chute (61). The piezoelectric ceramic sheet (71) is locked with the electrode pin (70) when energized.

7. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel (1) are provided with viscosity sensors (10) and differential pressure sensors (11). The viscosity sensors (10), differential pressure sensors (11), magnetic couplers, and piezoelectric ceramic sheets (71) are connected to an external controller.

8. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner spiral channel (2) is provided with a plurality of vortex units (12) along the spiral flow line direction at the side in contact with the cooling medium. Each group of vortex units (12) includes two rows of staggered recesses (121) and protrusions (122) arranged behind each row of recesses (121). The recesses (121) are semi-spherical. The protrusions (122) are triangular in cross-section. The protrusions (122) of each group of vortex units (12) have opposite protruding directions. At least two spaced-apart recesses (121) in each group of vortex units (12) are provided with a micro ultrasonic transducer (123).

9. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of inclined guide plates (13) are arranged near the inlet end of the outer spiral channel (1). The inclined guide plates (13) are fan-shaped, and their curvature matches that of the outer spiral channel (1). The inclined guide plates (13) are divided into three groups, and each group is arranged at an angle of 120° along the circumference of the outer spiral channel (1). Each inclined guide plate (13) in each group is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel (1).

10. A spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process according to claim 9, characterized in that: Memory alloy hinges (14) are embedded at the connection between each inclined guide plate (13) and the outer spiral channel (1). Permanent magnet strips (15) are arranged at the trailing edge positions of each inclined guide plate (13). The magnetic poles of adjacent two permanent magnet strips (15) are the same. Cooling main channels (16) are also arranged at the trailing edge positions of each inclined guide plate (13). The cooling main channels (16) are connected to a plurality of branch channels (17). Each branch channel (17) covers an angle of 120° along the circumference of the outer spiral channel (1). The outlet ends of each branch channel (17) are connected to an outlet collecting cavity (18), which is connected to a recovery vortex tube.

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