IoT-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of exhaust gas monitoring technology, and more particularly to an Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust gases. The system includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring particulate matter and meteorological data from motor vehicle exhaust emissions; a gas analysis module for determining whether the continuous environmental impact of initially retained particulate matter meets standards based on a retention timeliness index; a parameter determination module for determining the cumulative environmental impact of particulate matter based on a cumulative impact coefficient; an environmental carrying capacity analysis module for determining whether the regional environmental carrying capacity meets standards based on an environmental purification efficiency index; a parameter optimization module for determining whether the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gases in the atmosphere is qualified based on a diffusion attenuation coefficient; and a particulate matter analysis module for determining whether the stability of particulate matter in regional motor vehicle exhaust gases meets standards based on a particulate concentration stability index. This invention improves the timeliness of real-time monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust gases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of exhaust gas monitoring technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust gas based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional methods of monitoring vehicle exhaust emissions cannot achieve real-time, dynamic monitoring of exhaust emissions, making it difficult to capture changes in exhaust emissions during actual vehicle operation. The monitoring range is limited and cannot fully cover all areas of the region, resulting in the omission of a large amount of exhaust emission data.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN111983146A discloses a motor vehicle exhaust emission monitoring system, including a camera, a license plate recognition module, a remote sensing analyzer, a router, and a monitoring platform. The camera is used to capture images of the motor vehicle and its license plate and transmit them to the license plate recognition module. The license plate recognition module extracts the license plate number of the motor vehicle by analyzing the image of the motor vehicle and its license plate, and transmits the image and license plate number to the monitoring platform through the router. The remote sensing analyzer includes a light emission module and a light receiving module, which detects motor vehicle exhaust emissions by using light irradiation, performs optical remote sensing analysis, and transmits the analysis results to the monitoring platform. The router is used for network data transmission, transmitting the data from the license plate recognition module and the remote sensing analyzer to the monitoring platform. The monitoring platform is used to comprehensively analyze and process the received data to determine whether the motor vehicle exhaust emissions exceed the standards.

[0004] However, the existing technology has the following problems: the monitoring of air-floating particles mainly focuses on real-time concentration detection, lacks a systematic quantitative assessment of their retention time, cumulative effect and environmental purification efficiency, and does not adequately address the retention time of air-floating particles in the air in motor vehicle exhaust, resulting in low effectiveness of real-time monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust, and thus low timeliness of real-time monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address this, the present invention provides an Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust, which overcomes the problem that existing technologies for monitoring airborne particles mainly focus on real-time concentration detection, lacking a systematic quantitative assessment of their retention time, cumulative effect, and environmental purification efficiency, and failing to adequately address the retention time of airborne particles in motor vehicle exhaust, resulting in low effectiveness and timeliness of real-time monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions based on the Internet of Things, comprising:

[0007] The data acquisition module is used to acquire in real time the initial residual air flotation particle concentration, newly added air flotation particle concentration, environmental purification data, meteorological data, and air flotation particle concentration change data for several cycles of motor vehicle exhaust emissions within a preset collection range and for a preset collection time.

[0008] The gas analysis module is used to determine whether the continuous environmental impact of the initially retained air-floted particles meets the standard and to determine the initial retention impact evaluation value based on the retention time index obtained from the initial retained air-floted particle concentration.

[0009] The parameter determination module is used to determine the environmental impact of air flotation particle accumulation based on the cumulative impact coefficient obtained from the initial retained air flotation particle concentration and the newly added air flotation particle concentration, and to determine the air flotation particle retention evaluation value.

[0010] The environmental carrying capacity analysis module is used to determine whether the regional environmental carrying capacity status meets the standards based on the environmental purification efficiency index obtained from the environmental purification data.

[0011] The parameter optimization module is used to determine whether the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is qualified based on the diffusion attenuation coefficient obtained from the meteorological data, and to determine the optimized evaluation value of the air flotation particle retention based on the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient.

[0012] The air flotation particle analysis module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine whether the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust meets the standard based on the particle concentration stability index obtained from the air flotation particle concentration change data, and to determine the adjustment of the preset collection range or preset collection duration based on the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index.

[0013] Furthermore, the gas analysis module determines whether the continuous environmental impact of the initially retained air-floating particles meets the standard based on the comparison results of the retention timeliness index being less than or equal to the preset retention timeliness index, and determines the first initial retention impact evaluation value.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas analysis module determines that the initial retained air flotation particles do not meet the environmental protection standards based on the comparison result that the retention time index is greater than the preset retention time index, and determines the second initial retention impact evaluation value.

[0015] Furthermore, under the condition of determining the initial retention impact evaluation value, the parameter determination module determines that the environmental impact of the accumulated air flotation particles is qualified based on the comparison result that the cumulative impact coefficient is less than or equal to the preset cumulative impact coefficient, and determines the first air flotation particle retention evaluation value.

[0016] Furthermore, under the condition of determining the initial retention impact evaluation value, the parameter determination module determines that the environmental impact of the accumulated air flotation particles is unqualified based on the comparison result that the cumulative impact coefficient is greater than the preset cumulative impact coefficient, and determines the second air flotation particle retention evaluation value.

[0017] Furthermore, under the condition of determining the evaluation value of air-flotation particle retention, the environmental carrying capacity analysis module determines that the regional environmental carrying capacity meets the standard based on the comparison result that the environmental purification efficiency index is greater than the preset environmental purification efficiency index.

[0018] Furthermore, under the condition that the atmospheric diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust is qualified in the regional environment, the parameter optimization module determines that the atmospheric diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust is unqualified based on the comparison result that the diffusion attenuation coefficient obtained from meteorological data is greater than the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient.

[0019] Furthermore, under the condition that the diffusion of vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is unqualified, the parameter optimization module determines the optimized evaluation value of the air-floating particle retention based on the comparison result of the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset difference, wherein,

[0020] If the comparison result is less than or equal to the preset difference, the air flotation particle retention evaluation value is increased by the first preset evaluation value optimization coefficient.

[0021] If the difference is greater than the preset difference, then the air flotation particle retention evaluation value is increased by the second preset evaluation value optimization coefficient.

[0022] Furthermore, the air flotation particle analysis module determines that the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust is substandard based on the comparison results of the particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset particle concentration stability index, and determines to increase the preset collection range by a preset collection range adjustment coefficient based on the comparison results of the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset ratio.

[0023] Furthermore, the air flotation particle analysis module determines that the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust is substandard based on the comparison results of the particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset particle concentration stability index, and determines to increase the preset collection time by a preset collection time adjustment coefficient based on the comparison results of the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset ratio.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention achieves particulate matter analysis of motor vehicle exhaust through multi-module collaboration. The gas analysis module assesses the continuous impact on compliance based on initial concentration; the parameter determination module quantifies the cumulative environmental risk by combining initial and new concentrations; the environmental carrying capacity analysis module judges the atmospheric diffusion compliance of motor vehicle exhaust based on environmental purification data; the parameter optimization module optimizes the processing strategy by combining meteorological data; and the particulate matter module assesses stability and dynamically adjusts the monitoring range based on periodic concentration changes, thereby improving the accuracy of particulate matter control. The assessment of the atmospheric diffusion compliance of motor vehicle exhaust and the diffusion attenuation analysis provide data support for the dynamic regulation of regional environmental capacity, avoid resource misallocation, optimize the monitoring spatiotemporal range, and construct a multi-dimensional index system to quantify evaluation standards, thereby improving the efficiency of regional air quality management and enhancing the timeliness and effectiveness of real-time monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust.

[0025] Furthermore, this invention uses a gas analysis module to determine the compliance of persistent impact based on the retention time index and generate an initial evaluation value. A parameter determination module determines the cumulative impact, and an environmental carrying capacity analysis module determines the purification efficiency index based on environmental purification data to judge the compliance of vehicle exhaust emissions in atmospheric diffusion. This improves the targeting of treatment measures, avoids excessive intervention, reduces treatment costs, adapts to the spatiotemporal changes in regional vehicle traffic, improves data collection efficiency, and the real-time data-driven rapid response mechanism shortens pollution exposure time, thereby improving the scientific nature and efficiency of regional air quality management and enhancing the timeliness and effectiveness of real-time monitoring of vehicle exhaust emissions.

[0026] Furthermore, this invention achieves precise governance through meteorological data-driven environmental treatment optimization. The parameter optimization module judges the effectiveness of the treatment based on the diffusion attenuation coefficient. When the standard is not met, the retention evaluation value of air-floating particles is adjusted according to the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient. This quantifies the impact of meteorological conditions on pollution diffusion, improves the matching degree between treatment measures and meteorological conditions, and adjusts the retention evaluation value according to the degree of deviation. This avoids governance lag or over-treatment caused by a single threshold, balances governance accuracy and cost, adapts to different regional climate characteristics, and improves system applicability. The rapid response driven by real-time meteorological data shortens the pollution exposure time. Combined with the optimization of the retention evaluation value, it reduces the cumulative impact of particulate matter on public health and improves the governance efficiency under complex meteorological conditions.

[0027] Furthermore, this invention uses an air flotation particle analysis module to calculate a stability index based on multi-period concentration data to determine stability compliance. If the stability index is not met, the monitoring area is expanded or the monitoring time is extended based on the ratio of the stability index to the preset stability index. The stability index quantifies the particle concentration fluctuation characteristics, improves the targeting of pollution source tracking and control measures, enhances the adaptability to different regional vehicle traffic flow and emission characteristics, improves the system's universality, and enhances the particulate matter management efficiency in complex regional environments, thereby improving the timeliness and effectiveness of real-time monitoring of vehicle exhaust. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module connection of the Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating how to determine whether the carrying capacity of a region meets the standards, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining whether the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gases in the atmosphere is qualified, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating how to determine whether the stability of regional motor vehicle exhaust air flotation particles meets the standards, as described in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the data in this embodiment are all derived from a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of historical test data and corresponding historical test results from the three months prior to this test. Those skilled in the art will understand that the determination of the above-mentioned parameters for any single item in this invention can be achieved by selecting the value with the highest percentage based on the data distribution as the preset standard parameter, using weighted summation to obtain the value as the preset standard parameter, substituting each historical data point into a specific formula and using the value obtained from that formula as the preset standard parameter, or other selection methods, as long as the invention can clearly define different specific situations in the single-item judgment process through the obtained values.

[0035] Please see Figure 1As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the module connection of the Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] This invention relates to an Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for vehicle exhaust emissions, comprising:

[0037] The data acquisition module is used to acquire in real time the initial residual air flotation particle concentration, newly added air flotation particle concentration, environmental purification data, meteorological data, and air flotation particle concentration change data for several cycles of vehicle exhaust emissions.

[0038] The gas analysis module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine whether the continuous environmental impact of the initial retained air-flot particles meets the standard and to determine the initial retention impact evaluation value based on the retention time index obtained from the initial retained air-flot particle concentration.

[0039] The parameter determination module, which is connected to the data acquisition module and the gas analysis module respectively, is used to determine the severity of the environmental impact of air flotation particle accumulation based on the cumulative impact coefficient obtained from the initial retained air flotation particle concentration and the newly added air flotation particle concentration, and to determine the air flotation particle retention evaluation value.

[0040] An environmental carrying capacity analysis module, which is connected to the parameter determination module, is used to determine whether the regional environmental carrying capacity status meets the standard based on the environmental purification efficiency index obtained from the environmental purification data.

[0041] The parameter optimization module, which is connected to the environmental carrying capacity analysis module, is used to determine whether the regional environment has been effectively treated based on the diffusion attenuation coefficient obtained from the meteorological data, and to determine the optimized air flotation particle retention evaluation value based on the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient.

[0042] The air flotation particle analysis module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine whether the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust meets the standard based on the particle concentration stability index obtained from the air flotation particle concentration change data, and to determine the adjustment of the preset collection range or preset collection duration based on the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index.

[0043] Specifically, this invention achieves particulate matter analysis of motor vehicle exhaust through multi-module collaboration. The gas analysis module assesses the continuous impact on compliance based on initial concentration; the parameter determination module quantifies the cumulative environmental risk by combining initial and new concentrations; the environmental carrying capacity analysis module judges the atmospheric diffusion compliance of motor vehicle exhaust based on environmental purification data; the parameter optimization module optimizes the processing strategy by combining meteorological data; and the particulate matter module assesses stability and dynamically adjusts the monitoring range based on periodic concentration changes, thereby improving the accuracy of particulate matter control. The assessment of the atmospheric diffusion compliance of motor vehicle exhaust and the diffusion attenuation analysis provide data support for the dynamic regulation of regional environmental capacity, avoid resource misallocation, optimize the monitoring spatiotemporal range, and construct a multi-dimensional index system to quantify evaluation standards, thereby improving the efficiency of regional air quality management and enhancing the timeliness and effectiveness of real-time monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, the concentration data of the air-flotated particles is collected in real time by a distributed monitoring device.

[0045] Specifically, the data transmission module transmits the initial retained concentration of air-flotation particles and the real-time monitored concentration of newly added air-flotation particles to the cloud platform via a LoRa network.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset collection range is [2km×2km, 4km×4km], preferably 3km×3km, and the preset collection duration is [24h, 72h], preferably 48h.

[0047] Specifically, the gas analysis module determines whether the sustained environmental impact of the initially retained air-floted particles meets the standard and determines the initial retention impact evaluation value by comparing the retention time index obtained from the initial retention air-floted particle concentration with the preset retention time index.

[0048] If the retention timeliness index is less than or equal to the preset retention timeliness index, then it is determined that the initial retention of air flotation particles meets the environmental protection standards, and the first initial retention impact evaluation value is determined.

[0049] If the retention timeliness index is greater than the preset retention timeliness index, it is determined that the initial retention of air flotation particles does not meet the environmental protection standards, and a second initial retention impact evaluation value is determined.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset retention time index range is [0.5, 0.6], preferably 0.55, but the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can adjust the value according to actual needs.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the retention time index is obtained by multiplying the initial retention concentration of air-floating particles and the initial retention time by the environmental capacity. The initial retention time is the time it takes for the initial retention air-floating particles to disappear, and the environmental capacity is the ratio of the air-floating particle concentration threshold that the environment can bear without causing pollution to the retention time threshold. The environmental capacity is set to 10000 (μg.h) / m³.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the upper limit of the acceptable initial impact on the environment is defined as follows: the first initial retention impact evaluation value is the ratio of the retention timeliness index to the preset retention timeliness index; the second initial retention impact evaluation value is the result of the ratio of the retention timeliness index to the preset retention timeliness index plus the difference between the retention timeliness index and the preset retention timeliness index divided by the preset retention timeliness index.

[0053] Specifically, the parameter determination module, under the condition of determining the initial retention impact evaluation value, determines whether the environmental impact of the accumulated air-floating particles is qualified based on the comparison result of the cumulative impact coefficient obtained by the concentration of newly added air-floating particles within the preset collection time of real-time monitoring and the initial retention impact evaluation value and the preset cumulative impact coefficient, and determines the retention evaluation value of air-floating particles.

[0054] If the cumulative impact coefficient is less than or equal to the preset cumulative impact coefficient, then the environmental impact of the accumulated air flotation particles is determined to be qualified, and the first air flotation particle retention evaluation value is determined.

[0055] If the cumulative impact coefficient is greater than the preset cumulative impact coefficient, then the environmental impact of the accumulated air flotation particles is determined to be unqualified, and a second air flotation particle retention evaluation value is determined.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset cumulative influence coefficient is set to a value range of [0.9, 1.1], preferably 1.0. However, the value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can adjust the value according to actual needs.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the cumulative influence coefficient reflects the superposition effect of the initial retained air-flotation particles and the newly added air-flotation particles. The cumulative influence coefficient is obtained by multiplying the concentration of newly added air-flotation particles by the preset collection time of real-time monitoring, plus the product of the concentration of the initial retained air-flotation particles that have not disappeared and the preset collection time, and the ratio of the result to the environmental capacity.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, the first air-flotation particle retention evaluation value is the ratio of the cumulative impact coefficient to the initial retention impact evaluation value, and the second air-flotation particle retention evaluation value is the ratio of the cumulative impact coefficient to the initial retention impact evaluation value plus the result of dividing the difference between the cumulative impact coefficient and the initial retention impact evaluation value by the initial retention impact evaluation value.

[0059] Please see Figure 2As shown, it is a flowchart for determining whether the regional environmental carrying capacity meets the standards in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Specifically, the environmental carrying capacity analysis module determines whether the regional environmental carrying capacity meets the standard by comparing the environmental purification efficiency index obtained from the environmental purification data of the air-floted particles with the preset environmental purification efficiency index, under the condition of determining the retention evaluation value of the air-floted particles.

[0061] If the environmental purification efficiency index is less than or equal to the preset environmental purification efficiency index, then the regional environmental carrying capacity is determined to be substandard.

[0062] If the environmental purification efficiency index is greater than the preset environmental purification efficiency index, then the regional environmental carrying capacity is determined to meet the standard.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset environmental purification efficiency index range is [0.95, 1.15], preferably 1.05, but the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can adjust the value according to actual needs.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the environmental purification efficiency index is the ratio of the actual purification efficiency to the standard purification efficiency. The actual purification efficiency is the ratio of the difference between the initial air flotation particle concentration and the residual air flotation particle concentration after environmental action to the initial air flotation particle concentration.

[0065] Specifically, this invention uses a gas analysis module to determine the compliance of persistent impact based on the retention time index and generate an initial evaluation value. A parameter determination module determines the cumulative impact, and an environmental carrying capacity analysis module determines the purification efficiency index based on environmental purification data to judge the compliance of vehicle exhaust emissions in atmospheric diffusion. This improves the targeting of treatment measures, avoids excessive intervention, reduces treatment costs, adapts to the spatiotemporal changes in regional vehicle traffic, improves data collection efficiency, and the real-time data-driven rapid response mechanism shortens pollution exposure time, thereby improving the scientific nature and efficiency of regional air quality management and enhancing the timeliness and effectiveness of real-time monitoring of vehicle exhaust emissions.

[0066] Please see Figure 3 As shown, it is a flowchart for determining whether the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is qualified according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Specifically, the parameter optimization module determines whether the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is qualified under the condition that the regional environmental carrying capacity meets the standard, based on the comparison between the diffusion attenuation coefficient obtained from meteorological data and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient.

[0068] If the diffusion attenuation coefficient is less than or equal to the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient, then the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is deemed qualified.

[0069] If the diffusion attenuation coefficient is greater than the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient, then the diffusion of vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is determined to be unqualified.

[0070] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient is set to a value range of [0.3, 0.4], preferably 0.35. However, the value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can adjust the value according to actual needs.

[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, the diffusion attenuation coefficient is obtained by multiplying the ratio of wind speed to wind speed threshold during real-time monitoring by the ratio of humidity to humidity threshold by the ratio of temperature to temperature threshold.

[0072] Specifically, when the parameter optimization module determines that the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is unqualified, it determines the optimized evaluation value of the air flotation particle retention based on the comparison result of the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset difference.

[0073] If the difference is less than or equal to the preset difference, then the air flotation particle retention evaluation value is increased to the corresponding value by the first preset evaluation value optimization coefficient of 1.05.

[0074] If the difference is greater than the preset difference, then the air flotation particle retention evaluation value is increased to the corresponding value by the second preset evaluation value optimization coefficient of 1.07.

[0075] The difference is the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient.

[0076] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset difference value range is [0.15, 0.25], preferably 0.2, but the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can also adjust the value according to actual needs.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the increased air flotation particle retention evaluation value is the product of the air flotation particle retention evaluation value and the preset evaluation value optimization coefficient. The preset evaluation value optimization coefficient includes a first preset evaluation value optimization coefficient with a value of 1.05 and a second preset evaluation value optimization coefficient with a value of 1.07. In order to ensure that the adjusted air flotation particle retention evaluation value meets the actual needs, the adjustment range should not be too large. Therefore, an adjustment coefficient is set to control the adjustment range.

[0078] Specifically, this invention achieves precise governance through meteorological data-driven environmental treatment optimization. The parameter optimization module judges the effectiveness of the treatment based on the diffusion attenuation coefficient. When the standard is not met, the retention evaluation value of air-floating particles is adjusted according to the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient. This quantifies the impact of meteorological conditions on pollution diffusion, improves the matching degree between treatment measures and meteorological conditions, and adjusts the retention evaluation value according to the degree of deviation. This avoids governance lag or over-treatment caused by a single threshold, balances governance accuracy and cost, adapts to different regional climate characteristics, and improves system applicability. The rapid response driven by real-time meteorological data shortens the pollution exposure time. Combined with the optimization of the retention evaluation value, it reduces the cumulative impact of particulate matter on public health and improves the governance efficiency under complex meteorological conditions.

[0079] Please see Figure 4 As shown, it is a flowchart for determining whether the stability of regional motor vehicle exhaust air flotation particles meets the standards in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Specifically, the air flotation particle analysis module, under the condition of determining the optimized air flotation particle retention evaluation value, acquires air flotation particle concentration change data for several cycles, calculates the particle concentration stability index, and determines whether the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust meets the standard based on the comparison result of the particle concentration stability index and the preset particle concentration stability index.

[0081] If the particle concentration stability index is less than or equal to the preset particle concentration stability index, then the stability of the regional motor vehicle exhaust air flotation particles is determined to be substandard.

[0082] If the particle concentration stability index is greater than the preset particle concentration stability index, then the stability of the regional motor vehicle exhaust air flotation particles is determined to meet the standard.

[0083] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset particle concentration stability index range is [0.55, 0.65], preferably 0.6, but the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can adjust the value according to actual needs.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, the particle concentration stability index is obtained by the ratio of the standard deviation of the air-flotation particle concentration over several cycles to the average value of the air-flotation particle concentration.

[0085] Specifically, when the stability of air-flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust is determined to be substandard, the air-flotation particle analysis module determines to adjust the preset collection range or preset collection duration based on the comparison result of the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index and the preset ratio.

[0086] If the ratio is less than or equal to the preset ratio, then the preset acquisition range is increased to the corresponding value by a preset acquisition range adjustment coefficient of 1.2.

[0087] If the ratio is greater than the preset ratio, then the preset acquisition duration is increased to the corresponding value by a preset acquisition duration adjustment coefficient of 1.5.

[0088] The ratio is the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index.

[0089] In this embodiment of the invention, the increased preset acquisition range is the product of the preset acquisition range and the preset acquisition range adjustment coefficient, with the preset acquisition range adjustment coefficient set to 1.2; the increased preset acquisition duration is the product of the preset acquisition duration and the preset acquisition duration adjustment coefficient, with the preset acquisition duration adjustment coefficient set to 1.5. To ensure that the adjusted preset acquisition range and preset acquisition duration meet actual needs, the adjustment range should not be too large, so an adjustment coefficient is set to control the adjustment range.

[0090] Specifically, this invention uses an air flotation particle analysis module to calculate a stability index based on multi-period concentration data to determine whether stability meets the standards. If the standards are not met, the monitoring area is expanded or the monitoring time is extended according to the ratio of the stability index to the preset stability index. The stability index quantifies the characteristics of particle concentration fluctuations, improves the targeting of pollution source tracking and control measures, enhances the adaptability to different regional vehicle traffic flow and emission characteristics, improves the system's universality, and enhances the efficiency of particulate matter management in complex regional environments, thereby improving the timeliness and effectiveness of real-time monitoring of vehicle exhaust.

[0091] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire in real time the initial residual air flotation particle concentration, newly added air flotation particle concentration, environmental purification data, meteorological data, and air flotation particle concentration change data for several cycles of motor vehicle exhaust emissions within a preset collection range and for a preset collection time. The gas analysis module is used to determine whether the continuous environmental impact of the initially retained air-floted particles meets the standard and to determine the initial retention impact evaluation value based on the retention time index obtained from the initial retained air-floted particle concentration. The retention time index is obtained by multiplying the initial retention concentration of air-floted particles and the initial retention time by the environmental capacity. The initial retention time is the time it takes for the initial retention air-floted particles to disappear. The environmental capacity is the ratio of the air-floted particle concentration threshold that the environment can carry without causing pollution to the retention time threshold. The environmental capacity is set to 10000 (μg.h) / m³. The first initial retention impact assessment value is the ratio of the retention timeliness index to the preset retention timeliness index. The second initial retention impact assessment value is the ratio of the retention timeliness index to the preset retention timeliness index plus the difference between the retention timeliness index and the preset retention timeliness index divided by the preset retention timeliness index. The parameter determination module is used to determine the environmental impact of air flotation particle accumulation based on the cumulative impact coefficient obtained from the initial retained air flotation particle concentration and the newly added air flotation particle concentration, and to determine the air flotation particle retention evaluation value. The cumulative impact coefficient is calculated by multiplying the newly added concentration of air-flotation particles by the preset collection time of real-time monitoring, plus the product of the initial residual concentration of air-flotation particles that has not disappeared and the preset collection time, and then dividing the result by the environmental capacity. The first air flotation particle retention evaluation value is the ratio of the cumulative impact coefficient to the initial retention impact evaluation value. The second air flotation particle retention evaluation value is the ratio of the cumulative impact coefficient to the initial retention impact evaluation value plus the difference between the cumulative impact coefficient and the initial retention impact evaluation value divided by the initial retention impact evaluation value. The environmental carrying capacity analysis module is used to determine whether the regional environmental carrying capacity status meets the standards based on the environmental purification efficiency index obtained from the environmental purification data. The parameter optimization module is used to determine whether the diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust gas in the atmosphere is qualified based on the diffusion attenuation coefficient obtained from the meteorological data, and to determine the optimized evaluation value of the air flotation particle retention based on the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient. The diffusion attenuation coefficient is obtained by multiplying the ratio of wind speed to wind speed threshold during real-time monitoring by the ratio of humidity to humidity threshold by the ratio of temperature to temperature threshold. The air flotation particle analysis module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine whether the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust meets the standard based on the particle concentration stability index obtained from the air flotation particle concentration change data, and to determine the adjustment of the preset collection range or preset collection duration based on the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index.

2. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas analysis module determines that the initial retention of air-floating particles meets the environmental sustainability standards based on the comparison results of the retention timeliness index being less than or equal to the preset retention timeliness index, and determines the first initial retention impact evaluation value.

3. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas analysis module determines that the initial retention air flotation particles do not meet the environmental sustainability standards based on the comparison results of the retention timeliness index being greater than the preset retention timeliness index, and determines a second initial retention impact evaluation value.

4. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the condition of determining the initial retention impact evaluation value, the parameter determination module determines that the environmental impact of the cumulative air flotation particles is qualified based on the comparison result that the cumulative impact coefficient is less than or equal to the preset cumulative impact coefficient, and determines the first air flotation particle retention evaluation value.

5. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the condition of determining the initial retention impact evaluation value, the parameter determination module determines that the environmental impact of the accumulated air flotation particles is unqualified based on the comparison result that the cumulative impact coefficient is greater than the preset cumulative impact coefficient, and determines the second air flotation particle retention evaluation value.

6. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental carrying capacity analysis module determines the compliance of the regional environmental carrying capacity status based on the comparison result that the environmental purification efficiency index is greater than the preset environmental purification efficiency index, under the condition that the air flotation particle retention evaluation value is determined.

7. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The parameter optimization module determines that the atmospheric diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust is unqualified under the condition that the atmospheric diffusion of motor vehicle exhaust is qualified under the condition that the diffusion attenuation coefficient obtained based on meteorological data is greater than the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient.

8. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The parameter optimization module, under the condition that the diffusion of vehicle exhaust in the atmosphere is unqualified, determines the optimized evaluation value of the air-floating particle retention based on the comparison result of the difference between the diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset diffusion attenuation coefficient and the preset difference, wherein, If the comparison result is less than or equal to the preset difference, the air flotation particle retention evaluation value is increased by the first preset evaluation value optimization coefficient. If the difference is greater than the preset difference, then the air flotation particle retention evaluation value is increased by the second preset evaluation value optimization coefficient.

9. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air flotation particle analysis module determines that the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust is substandard based on the comparison results of the particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset particle concentration stability index, and determines to increase the preset collection range by a preset collection range adjustment coefficient based on the comparison results of the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset ratio.

10. The Internet of Things-based real-time monitoring and cloud analysis system for motor vehicle exhaust emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air flotation particle analysis module determines that the stability of air flotation particles in regional motor vehicle exhaust is substandard based on the comparison results of the particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset particle concentration stability index, and determines to increase the preset collection time by a preset collection time adjustment coefficient based on the comparison results of the ratio of the particle concentration stability index to the preset particle concentration stability index being less than or equal to the preset ratio.

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