A real-time monitoring system for high-voltage circuit breakers

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of circuit breaker monitoring data analysis technology, specifically a real-time monitoring system for high-voltage circuit breakers. The invention utilizes distributed sensors to monitor the temperature and humidity data and partial discharge pulse signals of the insulating bushings of high-voltage circuit breakers in real time. A data processing module analyzes the surface dew point temperature distribution and partial discharge characteristics to accurately locate high-risk condensation areas. Based on the energy entropy change curve of the partial discharge pulse signal, an insulation medium performance degradation index is generated. This index is then compared with a historical monitoring database to output the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker, enabling early warning of high-voltage circuit breaker faults and providing strong support for the stable operation of the power system. When the fault probability exceeds a threshold, the system executes circuit breaking control. By acquiring arcing spectra and arc-extinguishing chamber pressure waveforms, the system deduces the contact state, achieving precise monitoring, fault diagnosis, and control simulation of the high-voltage circuit breaker, thereby improving its reliability and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circuit breaker monitoring data analysis technology, and specifically to a real-time monitoring system for high-voltage circuit breakers. Background Technology

[0002] As a core protection device in the power system, the reliability of high-voltage circuit breakers directly affects the safety of the power grid. Condensation on the surface of insulating bushings caused by changes in temperature and humidity in the operating environment is a major contributing factor to partial discharge, accelerated insulation degradation, and even flashover faults. Existing monitoring technologies mostly focus on single data points, such as partial discharge or temperature, lacking dynamic environmental coupling analysis of the condensation formation mechanism, making it difficult to achieve early fault warning.

[0003] For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN107478988A discloses a method and system for circuit breaker anomaly identification based on an inaccurate Bayesian model. This method statistically analyzes the time parameters of circuit breakers of the same type based on fault recording data obtained from a fault recorder. Anomalies are assessed for the time parameters of the circuit breakers according to confidence levels. An inaccurate Bayesian model for estimating the probability of circuit breaker anomalies is established using historical data. A Bayesian network is then constructed to perform probabilistic reasoning on whether a circuit breaker is abnormal under given time parameters. This invention can determine state anomalies based solely on electrical measurement information, making it simpler to operate and lower in cost than existing technologies.

[0004] However, the existing technology has the following problems: (1) The existing technology mainly relies on fault recording data and time parameters, which is not comprehensive enough for real-time operation status monitoring of circuit breakers, especially the monitoring of insulation performance related parameters. It does not consider the dynamic influence of ambient temperature and humidity on the performance of insulating bushings, and cannot quantify the spatiotemporal correlation between micro-water accumulation and active discharge. This results in insufficient positioning accuracy of high-risk condensation areas, and cannot provide early warning of insulation breakdown faults caused by condensation, thus leading to a high rate of missed reports of circuit breaker faults.

[0005] (2) Existing technologies rely solely on the time parameters of fault recording data for probabilistic reasoning, lacking quantitative characterization of the performance degradation of insulating media. Fault probability analysis relies solely on historical data comparison, without combining the dynamic evolution law of real-time physical quantities. It is difficult to accurately judge the fault risk of circuit breakers before a fault occurs, and it is impossible to take timely measures to prevent the occurrence of faults, thus affecting the reliability of high-voltage power systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a real-time monitoring system for high-voltage circuit breakers. By real-time monitoring and comprehensive analysis of various parameters of high-voltage circuit breakers, such as temperature, humidity, and partial discharge pulse signals, the system enables early warning of faults and assessment of operational status of high-voltage circuit breakers, thereby improving the reliability of the power system.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a real-time monitoring system for high-voltage circuit breakers, comprising a surface feature data monitoring module, a surface feature data processing module, a high-risk condensation area location module, a circuit breaker fault probability analysis module, a circuit breaker control simulation module, and a historical monitoring database. The connections between the modules are as follows: the surface feature data monitoring module is connected to the surface feature data processing module; the high-risk condensation area location module is connected to both the surface feature data processing module and the circuit breaker fault probability analysis module; the circuit breaker control simulation module is connected to the circuit breaker fault probability analysis module; and the historical monitoring database is connected to both the high-risk condensation area location module and the circuit breaker fault probability analysis module.

[0008] The surface feature data monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature and humidity data of different monitoring points in real time through distributed temperature and humidity sensors uniformly covering the surface of the high-voltage circuit breaker insulating bushing, and simultaneously collect the partial discharge pulse signal on the surface of the insulating bushing.

[0009] The surface feature data processing module is used to generate the surface dew point temperature distribution characteristics of the insulating sleeve based on the temperature and humidity data of different monitoring points, screen areas with a tendency for micro-water accumulation based on the surface dew point temperature distribution characteristics, and perform phase analysis on the partial discharge pulse signal to obtain the phase distribution characteristics of the partial discharge pulse and identify active areas of partial discharge.

[0010] The high-risk condensation area location module is used to perform spatiotemporal coupling analysis between areas with a tendency for micro-water accumulation and areas with active partial discharge to locate high-risk condensation areas.

[0011] The circuit breaker failure probability analysis module is used to generate an insulation medium performance attenuation index based on the energy entropy change curve of the partial discharge pulse signal corresponding to the high-risk condensation area, and output the failure probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker by comparing the high-risk condensation area with the historical monitoring database.

[0012] The circuit breaker control simulation module is used to perform operation control based on the failure probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker, and to collect the arc spectrum and transient waveform of the arc extinguishing chamber pressure during the control process to simulate the circuit breaker contact state.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention monitors the surface temperature and humidity and partial discharge pulse signal of the high voltage circuit breaker insulation bushing in real time, constructs a continuous temperature and humidity distribution field by using the inverse distance weight interpolation method, and performs cluster analysis to screen the micro water accumulation tendency area. At the same time, it performs phase analysis on the partial discharge pulse signal to identify the active area of ​​partial discharge, which solves the problem that the monitoring parameters of the prior art are not comprehensive enough, and can more comprehensively reflect the operating status of the high voltage circuit breaker and improve the accuracy of fault warning.

[0014] (2) This invention uses spatiotemporal coupling analysis to locate high-risk areas of condensation by analyzing the micro-water accumulation tendency area and the active area of ​​partial discharge. Based on the energy entropy change curve of the partial discharge pulse signal, it generates the insulation medium performance decay index and compares the output of the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker with the historical monitoring database, thereby realizing early warning of high-voltage circuit breaker faults and providing strong protection for the stable operation of the power system.

[0015] (3) The present invention performs operation control based on the failure probability and collects the arc spectrum and transient waveform of the arc extinguishing chamber pressure to deduce the circuit breaker contact status. When the contact is in an ablation state, a replacement warning is triggered, thereby improving the accuracy of the circuit breaker operation status assessment, enabling timely detection of abnormal circuit breaker contact status, avoiding further expansion of the fault, and improving the operation reliability and maintenance efficiency of the high voltage circuit breaker. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system module connections of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the surface dew point temperature calculation steps in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for generating the insulation dielectric performance attenuation index in this invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific analysis process of the circuit breaker control deduction module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale.

[0022] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification.

[0023] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0024] This invention utilizes distributed sensors to monitor the temperature and humidity data and partial discharge pulse signals of the insulating bushings of high-voltage circuit breakers in real time. A data processing module analyzes the surface dew point temperature distribution and partial discharge characteristics to accurately locate high-risk condensation areas. Based on the energy entropy change curve of the partial discharge pulse signal, an insulation medium performance degradation index is generated. This index, combined with a historical monitoring database, outputs the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker, enabling early warning of high-voltage circuit breaker faults and providing strong support for the stable operation of the power system. When the fault probability exceeds a threshold, the system executes circuit breaking control. By acquiring arcing spectra and arc-extinguishing chamber pressure waveforms, the contact state is deduced, achieving precise monitoring, fault diagnosis, and control simulation of the high-voltage circuit breaker, thus improving its reliability and safety.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a real-time monitoring system for high-voltage circuit breakers, including a surface feature data monitoring module, a surface feature data processing module, a high-risk condensation area location module, a circuit breaker fault probability analysis module, a circuit breaker control simulation module, and a historical monitoring database. The connections between the modules are as follows: the surface feature data monitoring module is connected to the surface feature data processing module; the high-risk condensation area location module is connected to both the surface feature data processing module and the circuit breaker fault probability analysis module; the circuit breaker control simulation module is connected to the circuit breaker fault probability analysis module; and the historical monitoring database is connected to both the high-risk condensation area location module and the circuit breaker fault probability analysis module.

[0026] The surface feature data monitoring module is used to monitor temperature and humidity data at different monitoring points in real time using distributed temperature and humidity sensors uniformly covering the surface of the high-voltage circuit breaker's insulating bushing, and simultaneously acquire partial discharge pulse signals from the surface of the insulating bushing. For example, partial discharge pulse signals can be acquired synchronously using ultrasonic sensors.

[0027] The surface feature data processing module is used to generate the surface dew point temperature distribution characteristics of the insulating sleeve based on the temperature and humidity data of different monitoring points, screen areas with a tendency for micro-water accumulation based on the surface dew point temperature distribution characteristics, and perform phase analysis on the partial discharge pulse signal to obtain the phase distribution characteristics of the partial discharge pulse and identify active areas of partial discharge.

[0028] It should be noted that the specific content of the surface feature data processing module includes: constructing a continuous temperature and humidity distribution field on the surface of the high-voltage circuit breaker insulating bushing by using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method on the temperature and humidity data of each monitoring point in real time.

[0029] The continuous temperature and humidity distribution field is divided into grid regions. The surface dew point temperature is calculated by combining the average temperature and humidity of each grid region, and the temperature difference between the average surface temperature and the corresponding surface dew point temperature of each grid region is obtained.

[0030] The grid division method divides the surface area into equal areas according to the set area, which can provide more comprehensive and detailed coverage of the surface temperature and humidity distribution. This ensures that each grid area can be analyzed independently, capturing local minor changes and avoiding important information that may be missed due to insufficient monitoring point distribution, thereby improving the perception accuracy of surface temperature and humidity distribution characteristics.

[0031] The temperature difference is compared with the set temperature threshold for micro-water accumulation tendency, and the grid areas with temperature differences less than the set temperature threshold for micro-water accumulation tendency are selected as micro-water accumulation tendency areas.

[0032] The surface dew point temperature is compared with the surface temperature of the insulation layer. If the surface temperature of the insulation layer is lower than the dew point temperature, condensation may occur because water vapor in the air will condense on the surface of the insulation layer at a lower temperature, which may cause partial discharge, accelerate insulation deterioration, or even flashover failure.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, the inverse distance weighted interpolation method converts discrete temperature and humidity data from monitoring points into a continuous surface temperature and humidity field distribution. Inverse distance weighted interpolation is a distance-based interpolation method; the closer a known point is to the point to be interpolated, the greater its influence and the higher its weight. Since inverse distance weighted interpolation is existing technology, it will not be described in detail here.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the surface dew point temperature calculation steps are as follows: S1, Substitute the average temperature of each grid region into the Magnus-Tetens formula to calculate the saturated vapor pressure at the temperature of each grid region.

[0035] The Magnus-Tetens formula is an existing technology used to approximate the saturated vapor pressure, which refers to the partial pressure of water vapor when water vapor and liquid water are in equilibrium at a specific temperature. Its formula is: In the formula The saturated vapor pressure, These are empirical constants, for example, in liquid water. , , , is the surface temperature.

[0036] S2. Calculate the actual water vapor pressure of each grid area using the saturated water vapor pressure and average humidity at each grid area temperature.

[0037] The formula for calculating the actual water vapor pressure in each grid region is as follows: In the formula This is the actual water vapor pressure. This represents the surface humidity. The formula is derived by modifying the definition of relative humidity.

[0038] S3. Using the inverse Magnus-Tetens formula The surface dew point temperature of each grid region is obtained.

[0039] It should be noted that the specific content of the surface feature data processing module also includes: performing waveform phase analysis on the partial discharge pulse signal on the surface of the high-voltage circuit breaker insulating bushing, and statistically analyzing the peak discharge amount, the number of discharges per unit period, and the amplitude difference between the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses in each phase window.

[0040] The active discharge region is identified by determining the peak discharge value, the number of discharges per unit period, and the amplitude difference between the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses within each phase window of the partial discharge pulse signal.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, after performing waveform phase analysis on the partial discharge pulse signal, the distribution of the signal in different phase windows is obtained. For example, one cycle is usually divided into multiple phase windows, such as each phase window being 10°. This allows for a more detailed study of the relationship between partial discharge and phase.

[0042] The peak discharge value is the maximum discharge value within the phase window. A phase window with a high peak discharge value indicates that the local discharge is relatively strong near that phase. The number of discharges per unit period can reflect the frequency of discharge. The amplitude difference between the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses is the difference between the amplitudes of the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses. This difference reflects the difference in discharge intensity under different polarity conditions. The phase window with a large amplitude difference between the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses may correspond to an active area of ​​local discharge.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, the rule for judging the characteristics of the active discharge region is as follows: the phase window with the largest peak discharge amount, the number of discharges per unit period, and the amplitude difference between the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses is selected. If the phase windows are all the same, the region corresponding to the phase window is taken as the active discharge region. If the phase windows are different, the regions corresponding to the different phase windows are integrated to obtain the active discharge region.

[0044] This invention addresses the problem of insufficient monitoring parameters in existing technologies by real-time monitoring of the surface temperature and humidity of high-voltage circuit breaker insulating bushings and partial discharge pulse signals. It constructs a continuous temperature and humidity distribution field using an inverse distance weighted interpolation method and performs cluster analysis to screen regions with a tendency for micro-water accumulation. Simultaneously, it uses phase analysis of partial discharge pulse signals to identify active regions of partial discharge. This invention can more comprehensively reflect the operating status of high-voltage circuit breakers and improve the accuracy of fault early warning.

[0045] The high-risk condensation area location module is used to perform spatiotemporal coupling analysis between areas with a tendency for micro-water accumulation and areas with active partial discharge to locate high-risk condensation areas.

[0046] It should be noted that the high-risk area for condensation is located by spatially overlapping the area with the area with a tendency for micro-water accumulation with the area with active partial discharge to obtain the spatially overlapping area.

[0047] Surface and ambient temperatures of spatially overlapping areas are retrieved from historical monitoring databases at various historical time points within a given historical period. Temperature change rate analysis is then performed based on these historical data to obtain the surface temperature change rate and the ambient temperature change rate. The historical time period can be the time period corresponding to the previous day.

[0048] If the surface temperature change rate of a spatially overlapping area exceeds the ambient temperature change rate over a historical period, the spatially overlapping area will be designated as a high-risk area for condensation.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, the surface temperature change rate and the environmental temperature change rate are analyzed as follows: based on the surface temperature of the overlapping area at each historical time point within a historical period, a linear regression equation is constructed with time as the independent variable and surface temperature as the dependent variable. The data is fitted using the least squares method to obtain the slope of the regression equation, which is then used as the surface temperature change rate. Similarly, the environmental temperature change rate is obtained through the surface temperature change rate analysis method.

[0050] The circuit breaker failure probability analysis module is used to generate an insulation medium performance attenuation index based on the energy entropy change curve of the partial discharge pulse signal corresponding to the high-risk condensation area, and output the failure probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker by comparing the high-risk condensation area with the historical monitoring database.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the method for generating the insulation medium performance attenuation index is as follows: W1, extract the partial discharge pulse signal corresponding to the high-risk area of ​​condensation from the partial discharge pulse signal on the surface of the insulating bushing, and screen out the continuous pulse signal sequence of the high-risk area of ​​condensation within a set time domain.

[0052] W2. Calculate the energy value based on the pulse voltage and pulse current of each partial discharge pulse in the continuous pulse signal sequence to form a continuous pulse signal energy value sequence.

[0053] The formula for calculating the energy value is as follows: In the formula Energy value and These are the start and stop times of the partial discharge pulse, respectively. It is a pulse voltage. It is a pulse current.

[0054] W3. Construct the probability distribution of each partial discharge pulse using the continuous pulse signal energy value sequence as a sample, substitute the probability distribution into the information entropy formula, and calculate the entropy value of the partial discharge energy in the high-risk condensation area within the set time domain.

[0055] The probability distribution of each partial discharge pulse is the ratio of its energy value to the total energy value of all partial discharge pulses.

[0056] The information entropy formula is: In the formula The entropy value of partial discharge energy in a high-risk condensation area within a specified time domain reflects the degree of disorder in energy distribution. For the first The probability distribution of a partial discharge pulse. , This represents the number of partial discharge pulses.

[0057] W4. Using time as the horizontal axis and energy entropy values ​​in different time domains as the vertical axis, an energy entropy change curve is formed that varies with time. The mean entropy value, entropy change slope, and entropy value fluctuation variance in the energy entropy change curve are extracted and fused for feature analysis to obtain the insulation medium performance degradation index.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the insulation medium performance degradation index is obtained by fusing feature analysis by normalizing the mean entropy value, entropy slope, and entropy fluctuation variance in the energy entropy change curve to obtain the normalized mean entropy value, entropy slope, and entropy fluctuation variance.

[0059] A historical dataset is constructed by obtaining multiple sets of historical monitoring data corresponding to high-voltage circuit breakers from the historical monitoring database. The weight coefficients of the mean entropy value, the slope of entropy change, and the variance of entropy fluctuation are obtained by training based on the historical dataset.

[0060] The insulation medium performance degradation index is obtained by multiplying and summing the normalized mean entropy value, entropy slope, and entropy fluctuation variance with the corresponding weighting coefficients.

[0061] The training method for the weight coefficients of the entropy mean, entropy slope, and entropy fluctuation variance is as follows: multiple sets of historical monitoring data corresponding to high-voltage circuit breakers are obtained from the historical monitoring database. The entropy mean, entropy slope, and entropy fluctuation variance of the energy entropy change curves and the insulation medium performance decay index are extracted from the multiple sets of historical monitoring data to construct a historical dataset. The historical dataset is input into the random forest regression model for training. The random forest regression model outputs the prediction results through voting by multiple decision trees. During the training process, the model automatically calculates the contribution of the entropy mean, entropy slope, and entropy fluctuation variance to the prediction accuracy of each decision tree. The sum of the contributions of each decision tree to the prediction accuracy is used as the feature importance score, and the ratio of the feature importance score to the total feature importance score is used as the weight coefficient.

[0062] This invention uses random forest regression to train and obtain the weighting coefficients of the mean entropy value, the slope of entropy change, and the variance of entropy fluctuation, and calculates the insulation medium performance degradation index. This improves the intelligence level and monitoring accuracy of the monitoring system, and can more accurately assess the insulation performance and fault risk of high-voltage circuit breakers, providing a more reliable basis for power system operation and maintenance decisions.

[0063] It should be noted that the fault probability output method of the high-voltage circuit breaker is as follows: obtain the area and location coordinates of the high-risk condensation area, and combine them with the insulation medium performance attenuation index to form a real-time feature vector.

[0064] By constructing historical feature vectors for each high-voltage circuit breaker corresponding to multiple sets of historical monitoring data in the historical monitoring database, analyzing the Euclidean distance between the real-time feature vector and each historical feature vector, retrieving the fault characterization value corresponding to each historical feature vector whose Euclidean distance is less than the set Euclidean distance, and determining the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker based on the fault characterization value.

[0065] In one specific embodiment, the method for determining the fault probability of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on fault characterization values ​​is as follows: from each historical feature vector whose Euclidean distance is less than a set Euclidean distance, the number of historical feature vectors whose fault characterization values ​​represent faults is selected, and the ratio of this number to the total number of historical feature vectors whose Euclidean distance is less than a set Euclidean distance is taken as the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker.

[0066] When the fault characterization value is 1, it indicates that the high-voltage circuit breaker has a fault; when the fault characterization value is 0, it indicates that the high-voltage circuit breaker has no fault.

[0067] This invention uses spatiotemporal coupling analysis to identify regions with a tendency for micro-water accumulation and active regions of partial discharge, pinpointing high-risk areas for condensation. Based on the energy entropy change curve of partial discharge pulse signals, it generates an insulation medium performance degradation index and compares it with historical monitoring databases to output the failure probability of high-voltage circuit breakers, thus achieving early warning of high-voltage circuit breaker failures and providing strong protection for the stable operation of the power system.

[0068] The circuit breaker control simulation module is used to perform operation control based on the failure probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker, and to collect the arc spectrum and transient waveform of the arc extinguishing chamber pressure during the control process to simulate the circuit breaker contact state.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, the specific analysis process of the circuit breaker control simulation module is as follows: when the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker is greater than the set fault probability threshold, the high-voltage circuit breaker is controlled to perform circuit breaking control.

[0070] An ultraviolet fiber optic sensor is used to collect the arc spectrum of a high-voltage circuit breaker during the circuit breaking control process. The peak wavelength shift is analyzed based on the arc spectrum, and the transient waveform of the arc-extinguishing chamber pressure is monitored by a pressure transmitter. The pressure recovery rate is obtained from the transient waveform of the arc-extinguishing chamber pressure.

[0071] When the peak wavelength offset exceeds the set threshold of the circuit breaker material and the pressure recovery rate is lower than the standard pressure recovery rate, the circuit breaker contacts are in an ablation state, triggering a contact replacement warning.

[0072] This invention performs operation control based on the probability of failure and collects arc spectrum and transient waveform of arc extinguishing chamber pressure to deduce the circuit breaker contact status. When the contacts are in an ablation state, a replacement warning is triggered, thereby improving the accuracy of circuit breaker operation status assessment, enabling timely detection of abnormal circuit breaker contact status, preventing further expansion of the fault, and improving the operational reliability and maintenance efficiency of high-voltage circuit breakers.

[0073] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0074] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0076] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0077] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0078] Finally, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high voltage circuit breaker real-time monitoring system, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: A surface feature data monitoring module monitors the temperature and humidity data of different monitoring points through the distributed temperature and humidity sensors uniformly covering the surface of the high-voltage circuit breaker insulating sleeve, and synchronously collects the partial discharge pulse signals on the surface of the insulating sleeve; A surface feature data processing module generates the surface dew point temperature distribution characteristics of the insulating sleeve according to the temperature and humidity data, screens the micro water accumulation tendency area based on the temperature distribution characteristics, and performs phase analysis on the partial discharge pulse signals to obtain the partial discharge pulse phase distribution characteristics, and identifies the partial discharge active area; A condensation high-risk area positioning module performs time-space coupling analysis on the micro water accumulation tendency area and the partial discharge active area to position the condensation high-risk area; The positioning method of the condensation high-risk area is as follows: the micro water accumulation tendency area is overlapped with the partial discharge active area to obtain a spatially overlapped area; the surface temperature and the ambient temperature of the spatially overlapped area at each historical time point in the historical time period are called from the historical monitoring database, and the surface temperature variation rate and the ambient temperature variation rate are obtained based on the surface temperature and the ambient temperature at each historical time point; if the surface temperature variation rate of the spatially overlapped area exceeds the ambient temperature variation rate in the historical time period, the spatially overlapped area is taken as the condensation high-risk area; A circuit breaker fault probability analysis module generates an insulating medium performance attenuation index according to the energy entropy change curve of the partial discharge pulse signals corresponding to the condensation high-risk area, and outputs the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker by comparing the condensation high-risk area with the historical monitoring database; The generation method of the insulating medium performance attenuation index is as follows: the partial discharge pulse signals corresponding to the condensation high-risk area are extracted from the partial discharge pulse signals on the surface of the insulating sleeve, and the continuous pulse signal sequence of the condensation high-risk area in the set time domain is screened out; The energy value of each partial discharge pulse in the continuous pulse signal sequence is calculated according to the pulse voltage and the pulse current, and a continuous pulse signal energy value sequence is formed; The probability distribution of each partial discharge pulse is constructed by taking the continuous pulse signal energy value sequence as a sample, and the probability distribution is substituted into the information entropy formula to calculate the entropy value of the local discharge energy of the condensation high-risk area in the set time domain; The energy entropy change curve varying with time is formed by taking time as the horizontal axis and the energy entropy values of different time domains as the vertical axis, and the mean entropy value, the entropy change slope and the entropy value fluctuation variance in the energy entropy change curve are extracted, which are fused and analyzed to obtain the insulating medium performance attenuation index; A circuit breaker control deduction module performs operation control according to the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker, collects the arc spectrum and the arc chamber pressure transient waveform of the high-voltage circuit breaker in the control process, and deduces the state of the circuit breaker contact.

2. The real-time monitoring system for high voltage circuit breakers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific content of the surface feature data processing module comprises: A continuous temperature and humidity distribution field on the surface of the high-voltage circuit breaker insulating sleeve is constructed by using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method on the real-time monitored temperature and humidity data of each monitoring point; Each grid area is divided by grid division on the continuous temperature and humidity distribution field, and the surface dew point temperature is calculated combining the average temperature and humidity of each grid area to obtain the temperature difference between the surface average temperature and the corresponding surface dew point temperature of each grid area; The temperature difference is compared with a set micro-water accumulation tendency temperature threshold value, and grid areas with a temperature difference less than the set micro-water accumulation tendency temperature threshold value are screened as micro-water accumulation tendency areas.

3. The real-time monitoring system of a high voltage circuit breaker according to claim 2, wherein: The specific content of the surface feature data processing module further includes: The partial discharge pulse signals on the surface of the high-voltage circuit breaker insulating sleeve are subjected to waveform phase analysis, and the discharge peak values of the partial discharge pulse signals in each phase window, the discharge times per unit cycle, and the amplitude difference of the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses are counted; The discharge peak values of the partial discharge pulse signals in each phase window, the discharge times per unit cycle, and the amplitude difference of the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses are subjected to discharge active area feature judgment to identify the partial discharge active area.

4. The real-time monitoring system of a high voltage circuit breaker according to claim 3, wherein: The discharge active area feature judgment rule is: The phase window with the largest discharge peak value, discharge times per unit cycle, and amplitude difference of the positive and negative half-wave discharge pulses is screened, if the phase windows are all the same, the phase window corresponding area is taken as the discharge active area, if the phase windows are different, the discharge active area is obtained by integrating the areas corresponding to different phase windows.

5. The real-time monitoring system for high voltage circuit breakers of claim 1, wherein: The insulation medium performance decay index is obtained by fusion feature analysis: The entropy value mean, entropy change slope, and entropy value fluctuation variance in the energy entropy change curve are normalized to obtain the normalized entropy value mean, entropy change slope, and entropy value fluctuation variance; A historical data set is constructed based on a plurality of groups of historical monitoring data of the high-voltage circuit breaker obtained from the historical monitoring database, and the weight coefficients of the entropy value mean, entropy change slope, and entropy value fluctuation variance are obtained based on the historical data set; The normalized entropy value mean, entropy change slope, and entropy value fluctuation variance are multiplied by the corresponding weight coefficients to obtain the insulation medium performance decay index.

6. The real-time monitoring system of high voltage circuit breakers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault probability output mode of the high-voltage circuit breaker is: The area and position coordinates of the condensation high-risk area are obtained, and they are combined with the insulation medium performance decay index to form a real-time feature vector; A plurality of groups of historical monitoring data of the high-voltage circuit breaker in the historical monitoring database are constructed into historical feature vectors, the Euclidean distances between the real-time feature vector and each historical feature vector are analyzed, the fault representation values corresponding to each historical feature vector with a Euclidean distance less than a set Euclidean distance are retrieved, and the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker is determined based on the fault representation values.

7. The real-time monitoring system of a high voltage circuit breaker according to claim 6, wherein: The specific way of determining the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker based on the fault representation values is: The number of historical feature vectors with fault representation values representing faults is screened from the historical feature vectors with a Euclidean distance less than a set Euclidean distance, and the ratio of the number to the total number of historical feature vectors with a Euclidean distance less than a set Euclidean distance is taken as the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker.

8. The real-time monitoring system of high voltage circuit breakers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific analysis process of the circuit breaker control deduction module is as follows: When the fault probability of the high-voltage circuit breaker is greater than a set fault probability threshold value, the high-voltage circuit breaker is controlled to perform circuit breaking control; The ultraviolet fiber sensor is used to collect the arc spectrum of the high-voltage circuit breaker during the circuit breaking control, the peak wavelength shift is analyzed based on the arc spectrum, the pressure transient waveform of the arc chamber is monitored by the gas pressure transmitter, and the pressure recovery rate is obtained based on the arc chamber pressure transient waveform; When the peak wavelength shift exceeds the breaker material set threshold and the pressure recovery rate is below the standard pressure recovery rate, then the breaker contacts are in an ablation condition and a contact replacement warning is triggered.

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