Anchor-bolt-free support system monitoring system based on multi-structure parameter monitoring

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and underground structure monitoring, in particular to an anchor-bolt-free support system monitoring system based on multi-structure parameter monitoring, which is characterized in that before the anchor-bolt-free support system is monitored, a monitoring model of the anchor-bolt-free support system is built in combination with general finite element software, and natural redundancy advantages of regular hexagon topology are combined; the monitoring precision of various structural parameters of the anchor-bolt-free support system under different grid intervals and the repairing capacity and cost of the whole sensor network are fully analyzed, topological structure innovation, algorithm optimization and multi-source data fusion are achieved, a complete technical chain of high-precision modeling, intelligent network arrangement, dynamic monitoring and accurate early warning is constructed, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The core problems of difficult restoration due to data loss, abnormal identification lagging and cost-efficiency imbalance in monitoring of an anchor-rod-free supporting system are effectively solved, the method can be widely applied to projects such as tunnels, foundation pits and side slopes, and a brand new solution which is intelligent, low in cost and high in robustness is provided for safety management and control of geotechnical engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and underground structure monitoring, and more particularly to an anchor-free support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring. Background Art

[0002] In geotechnical engineering, anchorless support systems (such as soil nail walls, pile support, and shotcrete support) are widely used in tunnels, foundation pits, slopes, and other projects due to their ease of construction and cost-effectiveness. However, these support structures lack the mechanical anchoring properties of traditional anchors. Their stability is highly dependent on the synergistic effect between the support material and the rock and soil. Their mechanical behavior is complex and easily affected by multiple factors, including geological conditions and environmental loads.

[0003] Existing monitoring technologies commonly face the following bottlenecks: First, traditional monitoring solutions often employ uniform grid or single-point sensor layouts, lacking targeted monitoring of stress-concentrated areas of the support structure (e.g., pit corners and slope inflection points), resulting in missing data or insufficient accuracy in key locations. Second, the sensor network's simple topology (e.g., rectangular grid) forces data repair to rely on manual intervention or simple interpolation when local sensors fail. This results in low efficiency and large errors, making it difficult to meet real-time and reliability requirements. Furthermore, existing technologies often foreclose the synergistic optimization of monitoring accuracy, system robustness, and cost. Either the pursuit of high accuracy necessitates dense sensor deployment, leading to a surge in costs, or a simplified layout sacrifices monitoring reliability, making it difficult to achieve this balance in engineering practice.

[0004] Existing monitoring methods for anchorless support systems also face technical shortcomings in "data-driven decision-making." On the one hand, single-parameter monitoring (such as displacement or stress alone) cannot fully reflect the coupled response of the structure and the rock mass, and early warning models are mostly based on empirical thresholds, which do not fully consider the spatiotemporal correlation characteristics of multiple parameters. On the other hand, sensor network design lacks mechanical model support, and grid spacing setting relies on engineering experience, making it impossible to verify the impact of different layouts on monitoring accuracy through quantitative analysis. For example, traditional methods have difficulty simulating the interpolation and repair effects of parameters such as displacement and cracks under different grid spacings, resulting in strong blindness in sensor layout, delayed anomaly identification, and even safety hazards due to missing data. Therefore, how to build a monitoring system that combines high precision, high robustness, and economy, and achieve the transition from "empirical network layout" to "intelligent optimization" has become a core issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the field of anchorless support system monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a monitoring system for an anchorless support system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring, including a system monitoring model building module, an optimal grid spacing determination module, and a monitoring method execution module; The system monitoring model building module builds a monitoring model for the anchorless support system based on the actual anchorless support system. The support structure type is defined according to the geological survey report (soil layer distribution, groundwater level) and the support structure design drawings (soil nail spacing, pile diameter). The support structure type can be soil nail wall, pile support, shotcrete support, etc. The soil nail wall requires the creation of wall surface (shell element), soil nail (beam element), soil (solid element), etc. The pile support requires the creation of pile body (beam / solid element), crown beam (shell element), soil (solid element), etc. The shotcrete support requires the creation of spray layer (shell element), steel mesh (membrane element), surrounding rock (solid element), etc.). Modeling is carried out at 1:1 actual size according to the support structure type, and key areas (such as foundation pit corners) are meshed. Densify to 0.5-1m, and simultaneously define relevant material properties (e.g., soil properties are defined using the Mohr-Coulomb model, with key properties including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, internal friction angle, cohesion, and density; soil nails / anchor cables are defined using the linear elastic model, with key properties including elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, and yield strength). Boundary conditions and loads are applied (1. Boundary constraints: bottom of model: fixed constraint (UX=UY=UZ=0); side: normal displacement constraint (e.g., left UX=0, right UX=0, front and back UY=0); top: free boundary (simulating the ground surface). 2. Initial stress field: self-weight stress: applied using the software's gravity load function (e.g., GRAV in ABAQUS) to activate ground stress equilibrium), and then a monitoring model for the non-anchor support system is constructed. The optimal grid spacing determination module lays out a regular hexagonal grid honeycomb in the monitoring model of the non-anchor support system, determines the prescribed range of the grid spacing, and further determines the optimal grid spacing; The monitoring method execution module deploys sensors in the actual anchorless support system according to the optimal grid spacing and the regular hexagonal grid honeycomb, and monitors the anchorless support system based on the deployed sensors.

[0007] Furthermore, the steps for determining the optimal grid spacing are as follows: generating multiple trial spacings according to the specified range of grid spacing, obtaining the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index of each trial spacing, and marking the trial spacing with the largest comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index value as the optimal grid spacing.

[0008] Furthermore, the steps for obtaining the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index of the trial spacing are as follows: select a trial spacing, select each regular hexagonal vertex in the anchorless support system monitoring model based on the selected trial spacing, obtain the interpolation repair deviation index of each regular hexagonal vertex, further obtain the interpolation repair deviation average index, the number of adjacent point monitoring deviations, and the number of adjacent deviations, and calculate the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index of the trial spacing based on the interpolation repair deviation average index, the number of adjacent point monitoring deviations, the number of adjacent deviations, and the total number of regular hexagonal vertices.

[0009] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the interpolation repair deviation mean index is as follows: the interpolation repair deviation index of all the regular hexagon vertices is summed and averaged to calculate the interpolation repair deviation mean index.

[0010] Furthermore, the steps for obtaining the number of neighbor point monitoring deviations are as follows: every two adjacent regular hexagon vertices are compared, and the absolute difference between the interpolation repair deviation index of the two compared regular hexagon vertices is calculated to calculate the neighbor point deviation gap index. When the neighbor point deviation gap index is higher than the deviation gap threshold index, the number of neighbor point monitoring deviations is increased by one.

[0011] Furthermore, the steps for obtaining the number of adjacent deviations are as follows: when the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagon vertex is higher than the repair deviation threshold index, the corresponding regular hexagon vertex is marked as a deviated vertex, and every two deviated vertices are compared. When the two compared deviated vertices are directly adjacent vertex nodes, the number of adjacent deviations is increased by one.

[0012] Furthermore, the steps for obtaining the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagonal vertex are as follows: a regular hexagonal vertex in the anchorless support system monitoring model is selected, and the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of various structural defect parameters for the regular hexagonal vertex are further determined. The first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of all types of structural defect parameters are summed and averaged to calculate the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagonal vertex.

[0013] Furthermore, the steps for determining the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of a type of structural defect parameters for the vertices of the regular hexagon are as follows: selecting a type of structural defect parameters, adding the type of structural defect parameters at the position of the vertices of the regular hexagon, determining the first-order neighborhood interpolation and second-order neighborhood interpolation of the vertices of the regular hexagon for the type of structural defect parameters, further obtaining the interpolation cumulative value and the interpolation difference value, and calculating the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​based on the interpolation cumulative value and the interpolation difference value.

[0014] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the interpolation cumulative value is as follows: the first-order neighborhood interpolation and the second-order neighborhood interpolation are summed to calculate the interpolation cumulative value.

[0015] Furthermore, the interpolation difference value is obtained by performing an absolute difference calculation on the first-order neighborhood interpolation and the second-order neighborhood interpolation to calculate the interpolation difference value.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Before monitoring the anchorless support system, the system of the present invention combines general finite element software to build a monitoring model of the anchorless support system. Combined with the natural redundancy advantage of regular hexagonal topology, it fully analyzes the monitoring accuracy of various structural parameters of the anchorless support system under different grid spacings, the repair capability and cost of the entire sensor network, realizes topological structure innovation, algorithm optimization and multi-source data fusion, and constructs a complete technology chain of "high-precision modeling-intelligent networking-dynamic monitoring-accurate early warning", effectively solving the core problems of "data missing and difficult to repair, abnormality identification lag, and cost-efficiency imbalance" in the monitoring of anchorless support systems. It can be widely used in tunnels, foundation pits, slopes and other projects, and provides a new intelligent, low-cost and highly robust solution for the safety management of geotechnical engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is the structural mind map of the monitoring system of the anchorless support system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring; Figure 2 A flow chart for obtaining the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index of the trial spacing; Figure 3 This is a flow chart for determining the first-order and second-order deviation values. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Reference Figures 1 to 3 The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring includes a system monitoring model building module, an optimal grid spacing determination module, and a monitoring method execution module.

[0019] The system monitoring model building module builds the anchorless support system monitoring model based on the actual anchorless support system.

[0020] Define the support structure type according to the geological survey report (soil layer distribution, groundwater level) and the support structure design drawings (soil nail spacing, pile diameter) (the support structure type can be soil nail wall, pile support, shotcrete support, etc. Soil nail wall requires the creation of wall surface (shell element), soil nail (beam element), soil (solid element), etc.; pile support requires the creation of pile body (beam / solid element), crown beam (shell element), soil (solid element), etc.; shotcrete support requires the creation of spray layer (shell element), steel mesh (membrane element), surrounding rock (solid element), etc.). Model the support structure at 1:1 actual size according to the support structure type, mesh the key areas (such as foundation pit corners) to 0.5-1m, and simultaneously define the attributes of relevant materials. Properties (e.g. soil properties are defined by the Mohr-Coulomb model, with key properties including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, internal friction angle, cohesion, and density; soil nails / anchor cables are defined by the linear elastic model, with key properties including elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, and yield strength), boundary conditions and loads are applied (1. Boundary constraints: bottom of the model: fixed constraint (UX=UY=UZ=0); side: normal displacement constraint (e.g. left side UX=0, right side UX=0, front and back sides UY=0); top: free boundary (simulating the ground surface). 2. Initial stress field: self-weight stress: applied through the gravity load function of the software (e.g. GRAV of ABAQUS) to activate the ground stress balance), and then a monitoring model for the anchorless support system is constructed.

[0021] The optimal grid spacing determination module lays out a regular hexagonal grid honeycomb within the monitoring model of the non-anchor support system (using a Python script to generate a hexagonal grid honeycomb within the monitoring model of the non-anchor support system), determines the specified range of the grid spacing (for example, the "Technical Standard for Distributed Fiber Optic Intelligent Monitoring of Construction Foundation Pit Engineering" recommends a sensor spacing of 1-3m, so the specified range of the grid spacing is 1-3m. The grid spacing refers to the straight-line distance between two adjacent nodes (such as sensors or monitoring points) in the regular hexagonal grid honeycomb, usually represented by the symbol d), and further determines the optimal grid spacing.

[0022] Steps for determining the optimal grid spacing: Generate multiple trial spacings based on the specified range of grid spacing (you can select four trial spacings of 1.24m, 1.76m, 2.24m, and 2.76m from 1-3m based on the golden section method, or you can select three trial spacings of 1m, 2m, and 3m from 1-3m based on the averaging method. Select the method based on monitoring needs), obtain the comprehensive monitoring evaluation index for each trial spacing, and mark the trial spacing with the largest comprehensive monitoring evaluation index value as the optimal grid spacing.

[0023] The steps for obtaining the comprehensive monitoring evaluation index of the trial spacing are as follows: select a trial spacing, select each regular hexagonal vertex in the monitoring model of the anchorless support system based on the selected trial spacing (in the sensor layout of the regular hexagonal grid honeycomb, sensors are only deployed at each regular hexagonal vertex, and sensors are usually not deployed in other positions. This is determined by the geometric characteristics of the regular hexagon, monitoring efficiency and cost optimization strategy. After selecting a trial spacing, regenerate a regular hexagonal grid honeycomb in the monitoring model of the anchorless support system according to the selected trial spacing, and select each regular hexagonal vertex in the regular hexagonal grid honeycomb), mark the total number of regular hexagonal vertices as Vg (totalN), obtain the interpolation repair deviation index of each regular hexagonal vertex, calculate the sum and average of the interpolation repair deviation indices of all regular hexagonal vertices, calculate the interpolation repair deviation average index, and mark it as Ap (regularX), compare every two adjacent regular hexagonal vertices (two adjacent regular hexagonal vertices). The point refers to the directly adjacent vertex node in the regular hexagonal grid, that is, the first-order neighboring node), the interpolation repair deviation index of the two compared regular hexagonal vertices is calculated by absolute difference, and the neighbor deviation gap index is calculated. When the neighbor deviation gap index is higher than the deviation gap threshold index, the neighbor monitoring deviation times are increased by one (if it is not higher than, there is no need to increase it. The deviation gap threshold index is comprehensively set based on the monitoring accuracy, structural mechanics characteristics and other dimensions). Finally, the neighbor monitoring deviation times are marked as Nb (MonitoringD). When the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagonal vertex is higher than the repair deviation threshold index, the corresponding regular hexagonal vertex is marked as a deviated vertex (if it is not higher than, there is no need to mark it. The repair deviation threshold index is comprehensively set based on historical data). Every two deviated vertices are compared. When the two compared deviated vertices are directly adjacent vertex nodes, the adjacent deviation times are increased by one. Finally, the adjacent deviation times are marked as Lh (AdjacentD). The comprehensive monitoring evaluation index of the attempt interval is calculated, where vs1 is the first deviation coefficient, vs2 is the second deviation coefficient, vs3 is the third deviation coefficient, and vs4 is the quantity coefficient. The value of the first deviation coefficient is 0.61, the value of the second deviation coefficient is 0.72, the value of the third deviation coefficient is 0.69, and the value of the quantity coefficient is 1.08.

[0024] Before monitoring the anchorless support system, the above content was combined with general finite element software to build a monitoring model of the anchorless support system. Combined with the natural redundancy advantage of the regular hexagonal topology, the monitoring accuracy of various structural parameters of the anchorless support system at different grid spacings, the repair capability of the entire sensor network, and the cost were fully analyzed.

[0025] The steps for obtaining the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagonal vertex are as follows: a regular hexagonal vertex in the monitoring model of the anchorless support system is selected, and the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of various structural defect parameters for the regular hexagonal vertex are further determined (structural defect parameters include displacement parameters, crack parameters, etc.). The first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of all types of structural defect parameters are summed and averaged to calculate the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagonal vertex.

[0026] The steps for determining the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of a type of structural defect parameter for the vertex of the regular hexagon are as follows: a type of structural defect parameter is selected, and the structural defect parameter of the type is added at the position of the vertex of the regular hexagon (taking the displacement parameter type as an example, a parameter of a sudden increase of 10mm in horizontal displacement per day is added at the position of the vertex of the regular hexagon), and the first-order neighborhood interpolation and second-order neighborhood interpolation of the regular hexagon vertex for the structural defect parameter of the type are determined (the first-order neighborhood interpolation is based on the data of the 6 vertices (first-order neighborhood) directly adjacent to the vertex of the regular hexagon, and the defect parameter estimation value of the selected regular hexagon vertex is calculated by the interpolation algorithm. The second-order neighborhood interpolation is based on the first-order neighborhood and further includes the adjacent nodes of the first-order neighborhood node, a total of 12 vertices). The point is called the "second-order neighborhood". The 12 vertices are interpolated by the algorithm to calculate the estimated value of the defect parameter of the selected regular hexagon vertex. Taking the first-order neighborhood interpolation as an example, the selected regular hexagon vertex is marked as A, and the adjacent 6 vertices are marked as B, C, D, E, F, and G. The actual horizontal displacement of A is 10mm, the actual horizontal displacement of B is 5mm, the actual horizontal displacement of C is 6mm, the actual horizontal displacement of D is 7mm, the actual horizontal displacement of E is 7mm, the actual horizontal displacement of F is 6mm, and the actual horizontal displacement of G is 5mm. The actual horizontal displacements of B, C, D, E, F, and G are summed and averaged to obtain 6mm. The first-order neighborhood interpolation is |6-10| / 10 = 40%), the sum of the first-order neighborhood interpolation and the second-order neighborhood interpolation is calculated, the interpolation cumulative value is calculated and marked as RL (summation), the absolute difference of the first-order neighborhood interpolation and the second-order neighborhood interpolation is calculated, the interpolation difference value is calculated and marked as PE (difference), through The first-order and second-order deviation values ​​are calculated, where pa1 is the first interpolation coefficient and pa2 is the second interpolation coefficient. The value of the first interpolation coefficient is 0.92 and the value of the second interpolation coefficient is 1.97.

[0027] The monitoring method execution module deploys sensors in the actual anchorless support system according to the optimal grid spacing and the regular hexagonal grid honeycomb, and monitors the anchorless support system based on the deployed sensors.

[0028] The above content realizes topological structure innovation, algorithm optimization and multi-source data fusion, constructs a complete technical chain of "high-precision modeling-intelligent networking-dynamic monitoring-accurate early warning", and effectively solves the core problems of "data loss is difficult to repair, abnormality identification is delayed, and cost-efficiency imbalance" in the monitoring of anchorless support systems. It can be widely used in tunnels, foundation pits, slopes and other projects, and provides a new intelligent, low-cost and highly robust solution for the safety management of geotechnical engineering.

[0029] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerically calculated, and the preset parameters in the formulas are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0030] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via wired or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more available media sets. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0031] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0034] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0035] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0036] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. Anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring, characterized by: Including system monitoring model building module, building the anchorless support system monitoring model according to the actual anchorless support system; The optimal grid spacing determination module lays out a regular hexagonal grid honeycomb in the monitoring model of the non-anchor support system, determines the prescribed range of the grid spacing, and further determines the optimal grid spacing; The monitoring method execution module arranges sensors in the actual anchorless support system according to the regular hexagonal grid honeycomb based on the optimal grid spacing, and monitors the anchorless support system based on the arranged sensors.

2. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Steps for determining the optimal grid spacing: generate multiple trial spacings based on the specified range of grid spacing, obtain the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index of each trial spacing, and mark the trial spacing with the largest comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index value as the optimal grid spacing.

3. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index of the trial spacing are as follows: select a trial spacing, select each regular hexagonal vertex in the anchorless support system monitoring model based on the selected trial spacing, obtain the interpolation repair deviation index of each regular hexagonal vertex, further obtain the interpolation repair deviation average index, the number of adjacent point monitoring deviations, and the number of adjacent deviations, and calculate the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation index of the trial spacing based on the interpolation repair deviation average index, the number of adjacent point monitoring deviations, the number of adjacent deviations, and the total number of regular hexagonal vertices.

4. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the interpolation repair deviation mean index are as follows: the interpolation repair deviation indexes of all the vertices of the regular hexagon are summed and averaged to calculate the interpolation repair deviation mean index.

5. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the number of neighbor point monitoring deviations are as follows: compare every two adjacent regular hexagon vertices, calculate the absolute difference between the interpolation repair deviation index of the two compared regular hexagon vertices, and calculate the neighbor point deviation gap index. When the neighbor point deviation gap index is higher than the deviation gap threshold index, increase the number of neighbor point monitoring deviations by one.

6. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Steps for obtaining the number of adjacent deviations: When the interpolation repair deviation index of a regular hexagonal vertex is higher than the repair deviation threshold index, the corresponding regular hexagonal vertex is marked as a deviation vertex, and every two deviation vertices are compared. When the two compared deviation vertices are directly adjacent vertex nodes, the number of adjacent deviations is increased by one.

7. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagonal vertex are as follows: a regular hexagonal vertex in the monitoring model of the anchorless support system is selected, and the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of various structural defect parameters for the regular hexagonal vertex are further determined. The first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of all types of structural defect parameters are summed and averaged to calculate the interpolation repair deviation index of the regular hexagonal vertex.

8. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps for determining the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​of a type of structural defect parameter for the vertex of the regular hexagon include: selecting a type of structural defect parameter, adding the type of structural defect parameter at the position of the vertex of the regular hexagon, determining the first-order neighborhood interpolation and second-order neighborhood interpolation of the vertex of the regular hexagon for the type of structural defect parameter, further obtaining the interpolation cumulative value and the interpolation difference value, and calculating the first-order and second-order deviation values ​​based on the interpolation cumulative value and the interpolation difference value.

9. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the interpolation cumulative value are as follows: the first-order neighborhood interpolation and the second-order neighborhood interpolation are summed to calculate the interpolation cumulative value.

10. The anchorless support system monitoring system based on multi-structural parameter monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the interpolation difference value are as follows: performing absolute difference calculation on the first-order neighborhood interpolation and the second-order neighborhood interpolation to calculate the interpolation difference value.

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