Transparent display

Abstract

The invention discloses a transparent display comprising a plurality of pixels. Each pixel comprises a first substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements, an optical layer and an optical modulation layer. The light-emitting elements are arranged on the first substrate and located in the active light-emitting areas of the pixels. The optical layer directly covers the light-emitting elements, and the refractive index of the optical layer is greater than 1. The optical modulation layer is disposed on the optical layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a display, and in particular to a transparent display. Background Art

[0002] 3D displays on the market all aim to attract consumers by offering multiple depths of field. Transparent 3D LCDs are a good option for providing a more immersive experience. However, existing transparent 3D LCDs have low transmittance, making them ineffective in integrating with the surrounding environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a transparent display which can be switched between a 3D transparent display and a 2D transparent display and has high transparency.

[0004] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a transparent display is provided, comprising a plurality of pixels. Each pixel comprises a first substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements, an optical layer, and an optical modulation layer. The light-emitting elements are disposed on the first substrate and located within the active light-emitting region of the pixel. The optical layer directly covers the light-emitting elements and has a refractive index greater than 1. The optical modulation layer is disposed on the optical layer.

[0005] Based on the above, the transparent display provided by the embodiment of the present invention directly covers the light-emitting element with an optical layer to improve light extraction efficiency. In addition, by using the optical modulation layer, the transparent display can be implemented as a 3D transparent display or a 2D transparent display.

[0006] In order to make the above features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 A schematic plan view showing a transparent display according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0008] Figure 2 According to the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of line AA';

[0009] Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view showing a transparent display according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view of a transparent display according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0011] Wherein, the reference numerals:

[0012] 1, 2, 3: Transparent Display

[0013] 10:Substrate

[0014] 20:Substrate

[0015] 101: Optical layer

[0016] 101W: First retaining wall structure

[0017] 102: Optical modulation layer

[0018] 102W: Second retaining wall structure

[0019] L1, L2, L3: light emitting elements

[0020] LC: Liquid crystal molecules

[0021] PA: Active light emitting area

[0022] PX: Pixel

[0023] TA: Transparent area

[0024] TE: Transparent electrode layer

[0025] TS1, TS2: top surface DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 ,in Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a transparent display according to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2 According to the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view along line AA'.

[0028] The transparent display 1 according to the first embodiment includes a plurality of pixels PX. Each pixel PX comprises a substrate 10, a substrate 20, light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3, an optical layer 101, and an optical modulation layer 102. The light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3 are disposed within the active light-emitting area PA of the pixel PX. Each pixel PX also has a transparent area TA where no light-emitting elements are disposed. In some embodiments, the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3 may include, but are not limited to, a red micro-LED, a green micro-LED, and a blue micro-LED.

[0029] The optical layer 101 has a refractive index greater than 1 and directly covers the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3. Light emitted by the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3 can directly enter the optical layer 101. The optical modulation layer 102 is disposed on the optical layer 101 and is used to modulate the light emitted by the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3. The modulation mentioned above refers to phase modulation, thereby changing the image of the transparent display 1. In some embodiments, the optical layer 101 may include, for example, polyester film, polyimide, fluorinated polymer, epoxy resin, and the like, but is not limited thereto.

[0030] Specifically, in some embodiments, the optical modulation layer 102 may include a liquid crystal layer and a transparent electrode layer TE, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules LC. By applying a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules LC through the transparent electrode layer TE, the long axis direction of each liquid crystal molecule LC can be controlled, thereby achieving a modulation function. Therefore, depending on the applied voltage, the transparent display 1 can be implemented as either a 3D transparent display or a 2D transparent display, switching between the two modes to produce 3D images or 2D images.

[0031] exist Figure 2 In the illustrated structure, to improve the brightness of the transparent display 1 at normal viewing angles, the top surface TS1 of the optical layer 101 in the active light-emitting area PA can be configured as a convex surface (i.e., curved surface) to provide a refractive effect. With this configuration, light from the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3 traveling in different directions may have different optical paths within the optical layer 101. This optical path difference can be compensated by applying a specific electric field in the liquid crystal layer.

[0032] It should be noted that, compared to conventional methods in which the optical layer 101 is positioned above the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3 within a module, the optical layer 101 of this first embodiment is configured to directly encapsulate the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3. Consequently, light emitted by the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3 can directly enter the optical layer 101, preventing light reflection at one or more boundary surfaces of the module and improving light extraction efficiency. Similarly, the optical modulation layer 102 directly contacts the optical layer 101, allowing light that penetrates the optical layer 101 to directly enter the optical modulation layer 102.

[0033] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the optical layer 101 is configured to be greater than that of the optical modulation layer 102, and the refractive index of the optical modulation layer 102 is greater than 1 (but not limited to this). Accordingly, light from the light-emitting elements L1, L2, and L3 can sequentially pass through the optical layer 101, which has a gradually decreasing refractive index, the optical modulation layer 102, and the air layer above the substrate 20, where the refractive index of the air layer is approximately 1. This prevents total internal reflection at the interfaces between these different media.

[0034] exist Figure 2 In the first embodiment shown, the area ratio of the transparent area TA to the active light-emitting area PA of each pixel PX is greater than or equal to 1.5. In other words, the active light-emitting area PA of each pixel PX has a first area, and the transparent area TA of each pixel PX has a second area, wherein the ratio of the second area to the sum of the first area and the second area is greater than or equal to 60%. This allows the transparent display 1 to have high transparency.

[0035] In the first embodiment, the optical layer 101 of each pixel PX is disposed in the active light emitting area PA and in the transparent area TA. In order to improve the transparency of the transparent display 1, the thickness of the optical layer 101 in the transparent area TA can be smaller than the thickness of the optical layer 101 in the active light emitting area PA. In addition, since the optical layer 101 in the transparent area TA does not need to provide a refractive function, the top surface TS2 of the optical layer 101 in the transparent area TA can be a plane (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), the manufacturing difficulty of the transparent display 1 can be reduced accordingly, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0036] In order to fully illustrate the various embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments of the present invention will be described below. It must be noted that the following embodiments use the component numbers and some of the content of the previous embodiments, wherein the same reference numerals are used to represent the same or similar components, and the description of the same technical content is omitted. For the description of the omitted parts, please refer to the previous embodiments, and the following embodiments will not be repeated.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 , which shows a partial cross-sectional view of a transparent display according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] The transparent display 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention differs from the transparent display 1 of the first embodiment in that the top surface TS1 of the optical layer 101 in the active light emitting area PA and the top surface TS2 in the transparent area TA are both flat, and the two top surfaces TS1 and TS2 are coplanar, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the transparent display 2. Figure 3As shown, the plurality of transparent electrodes of the transparent electrode layer TE may have different widths. In an embodiment not shown, the plurality of transparent electrodes of the transparent electrode layer TE may have the same width, but the distances between any two adjacent transparent electrodes may be different.

[0039] Reference Figure 4 , which shows a partial cross-sectional view of a transparent display according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] The transparent display 3 of the third embodiment of the present invention differs primarily from the transparent display 1 of the first embodiment in that the optical layer 101 of each pixel PX is disposed within the active light-emitting area PA but not within the transparent area TA. Specifically, the substrate 10 is exposed by the optical layer 101 within the transparent area TA, and the vertical projection area of ​​the optical layer 101 within the transparent area TA is zero. This improves the transparency of the transparent display 3.

[0041] Each pixel PX of the transparent display 3 further includes a first retaining wall structure 101W and a second retaining wall structure 102W. The first retaining wall structure 101W is disposed on the substrate 10 and completely surrounds the optical layer 101 that covers the light emitting elements L1, L2, and L3.

[0042] The second retaining wall structure 102W is disposed on the substrate 20 , completely surrounding the transparent electrode layer TE corresponding to the optical layer 101 , and corresponding to the first retaining wall structure 101W, thereby reducing stray light scattering.

[0043] In summary, the transparent display provided by the embodiment of the present invention directly covers the light-emitting element with an optical layer, thereby improving light extraction efficiency. In addition, by utilizing the optical modulation layer, the transparent display can be implemented as a 3D transparent display or a 2D transparent display.

[0044] Of course, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A transparent display, characterized in that: comprising a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels comprising: a first substrate; A plurality of light-emitting elements are disposed on the first substrate and located in an active light-emitting area of ​​the pixel; an optical layer directly covering the plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein the refractive index of the optical layer is greater than 1; and An optical modulation layer is disposed on the optical layer.

2. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: The area ratio of a transparent area of ​​each pixel to the active light-emitting area is greater than or equal to 1.

5.

3. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: The active light-emitting area of ​​each pixel has a first area, and a transparent area of ​​each pixel has a second area, wherein a ratio of the second area to the sum of the first area and the second area is greater than or equal to 60%.

4. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: The optical modulation layer directly contacts the optical layer.

5. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: The refractive index of the optical layer is greater than that of the optical tuning layer, and the refractive index of the optical tuning layer is greater than 1.

6. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: The optical modulation layer includes a liquid crystal layer and a transparent electrode layer, and the liquid crystal layer is located between the optical layer and the transparent electrode layer.

7. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: Wherein a top surface of the optical layer on the active light emitting area is a plane.

8. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: The first substrate is exposed by the optical layer in a transparent area of ​​the pixel.

9. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: The optical layer of each pixel is further configured in a transparent area, and the transparent area is adjacent to the active light-emitting area.

10. The transparent display according to claim 9, wherein: The optical layer of each pixel has a first thickness in the active light-emitting area and a second thickness in the transparent area, and the first thickness is not equal to the second thickness.

11. The transparent display according to claim 10, wherein: The second thickness is smaller than the first thickness.

12. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein The optical layer of each pixel is further configured in a transparent area, and the transparent area is adjacent to the active light-emitting area. The optical layer has a first top surface in the active light-emitting area and a second top surface in the transparent area. The first top surface is a curved surface, and the second top surface is a flat surface.

13. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the pixels further includes a first retaining wall structure, which is disposed on the first substrate and completely surrounds the optical layer covering the plurality of light-emitting elements.

14. The transparent display according to claim 13, wherein: Each pixel further includes a second substrate and a second retaining wall structure, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements, the optical layer, and the optical modulation layer are located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the second retaining wall structure is configured on the second substrate and corresponds to the first retaining wall structure.

15. The transparent display according to claim 1, wherein The transparent display is used to generate 2D images and 3D images.

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