Method, device and medium for calculating inter-individual relationship index

Abstract

The application discloses a two-body relationship index calculation method, device, equipment and medium, and relates to the field of relationship identification. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a relationship genealogy of two bodies having a certain relationship; calculating an additional branch number according to the relationship genealogy; determining a blood relationship identity coefficient according to the additional branch number; calculating corresponding specific relationship joint genotype probability and random individual joint genotype probability of the two bodies under all different genotype combination conditions according to the blood relationship identity coefficient; calculating an index expression of a two-body relationship index according to the specific relationship joint genotype probability and the random individual joint genotype probability; and inputting the blood relationship identity coefficient into the index expression to calculate the two-body relationship index. The two-body relationship index is used to measure the closeness of the relationship between the two bodies, and the application reduces the calculation complexity of the relationship index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of kinship identification, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and medium for calculating the kinship index between two individuals. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, numerous scholars both domestically and internationally have studied the calculation methods of kinship indices from different perspectives and summarized various formulas. These formulas mainly analyze common types of kinship. However, when faced with complex and distant kinship relationships, existing methods lack systematic summarization and solutions, making it difficult to effectively address these complex situations. This results in significant limitations in practical applications and an inability to meet diverse identification needs.

[0003] The identical-by-descent (IBD) method is theoretically highly scientific and applicable, suitable for analyzing most complex kinship situations. However, in practical applications, its calculation formulas are extremely complex, involving the precise calculation of numerous genetic parameters, requiring meticulous analysis of pedigree charts and extensive data processing. This cumbersome calculation process consumes a significant amount of time and effort in practice, greatly limiting the widespread application of the IBD method in the field of complex kinship identification. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus, device and medium for calculating the kinship index between two individuals, which can reduce the computational complexity of the kinship index.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution:

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals, including:

[0007] Obtain the kinship pedigree chart of two individuals who are related at the second degree or higher;

[0008] Calculate the number of additional branches based on the aforementioned kinship pedigree chart;

[0009] The blood identity coefficient of the second-degree or higher kinship is determined based on the number of additional branches;

[0010] Based on the blood identity coefficient of the first-degree kinship and the blood identity coefficient of the second-degree and above kinship, calculate the probability of joint genotype of the two individuals under a specific kinship in all different genotype combinations and the probability of joint genotype of random individuals;

[0011] Based on the joint genotype probability for the specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability for the random individual, a kinship index is calculated between the two individuals under different kinship types. The kinship index between the two individuals is used to measure the closeness of the kinship between the two individuals.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a device for calculating the kinship index between two individuals, comprising:

[0013] The acquisition module is used to obtain the kinship pedigree chart of two individuals who are related at the second degree or above;

[0014] The first calculation module is used to calculate the number of additional branches based on the kinship pedigree chart.

[0015] A determining module is used to determine the blood identity coefficient of second-degree or higher kinship based on the number of additional branches;

[0016] The second calculation module is used to calculate the probability of joint genotype of the two individuals under a specific kinship in all different genotype combinations and the probability of joint genotype of random individuals, based on the blood identity coefficient of the first-degree kinship and the blood identity coefficient of the second-degree and above kinship.

[0017] The third calculation module is used to calculate the kinship index between the two individuals under different kinship types based on the joint genotype probability of the specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability of the random individual. The kinship index between the two individuals is used to measure the closeness of the kinship between the two individuals.

[0018] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for calculating the inter-individual kinship index as described above.

[0019] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for calculating the inter-individual kinship index as described above.

[0020] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0021] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and medium for calculating the kinship index between two individuals. It involves obtaining a kinship pedigree chart of two individuals with a second-degree or higher kinship relationship, calculating the number of additional branches, determining the blood identity coefficient for second-degree or higher kinship based on the number of additional branches, and combining this with the blood identity coefficient for first-degree kinship. The method then calculates the probability of joint genotype for a specific kinship relationship under all different genotype combinations and the probability of joint genotype for random individuals, further calculating the kinship index between the two individuals under different kinship types. Firstly, this application establishes a mathematical relationship between the blood identity coefficient and the kinship level by quantifying the number of additional branches connecting two individuals in the kinship pedigree chart, overcoming the limitation of traditional methods that are only applicable to kinship relationships within the third degree. Secondly, it simplifies the formula derivation steps, significantly reducing the computational complexity of the kinship index. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an application environment diagram of a method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 A pedigree chart of two individuals with a common kinship is provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the functional modules of a device for calculating the kinship index between two individuals provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] The method for calculating the inter-animal kinship index provided in this application embodiment can be applied to, for example... Figure 1 In the application environment shown, terminal 102 communicates with server 104 via a network. A data storage system can store the data that server 104 needs to process. The data storage system can be set up independently, integrated into server 104, or placed in the cloud or on another server. Terminal 102 can send the kinship pedigree chart to be processed to server 104. After receiving the kinship pedigree chart, server 104 calculates the number of additional branches based on the kinship pedigree chart, and determines the blood identity coefficient of second-degree and higher kinship based on the additional branch index. Based on the blood identity system of second-degree and higher kinship, combined with the blood identity coefficient of first-degree kinship, server 104 calculates the joint genotype probability of two individuals under all different genotype combinations for a specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability for random individuals. Based on the joint genotype probability for a specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability for random individuals, server 104 calculates the kinship index between two individuals under different kinship types. Server 104 can feed back the obtained kinship index to terminal 102. In addition, in some embodiments, the method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals can also be implemented separately by the server 104 or the terminal 102. For example, the terminal 102 can directly process the kinship pedigree chart to be processed, or the server 104 can obtain the kinship pedigree chart to be processed from the data storage system and process it.

[0031] The terminal 102 can be, but is not limited to, various desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and portable wearable devices. IoT devices can include smart speakers, smart TVs, smart air conditioners, and smart in-vehicle devices. Portable wearable devices can include smartwatches, smart bracelets, and head-mounted devices. The server 104 can be implemented using a standalone server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers, or it can be a cloud server.

[0032] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, a method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals is provided. This method is executed by a computer device, specifically by a terminal or server alone, or by both a terminal and a server. In this embodiment, the method is applied to... Figure 1Taking server 104 as an example, the explanation includes the following steps S201 to S205. Wherein:

[0033] In step S201, a kinship pedigree chart is obtained between two individuals who are related at the second degree or above.

[0034] Specifically, the kinship pedigree chart of the two individuals is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the two individuals represent two individuals with a common kinship relationship. Figure 3 The two individuals refer to A and B. Before obtaining the kinship chart of the two individuals, it is necessary to know the types of kinship at the second degree or above.

[0035] If the kinship type is second-degree kinship (half-sibling), the pedigree chart shows that two individuals A and B have a common parent, but are not the same father or mother.

[0036] If the kinship type is second-degree kinship (grandparent-grandchild), the pedigree chart shows that individual B is the grandson or granddaughter of another individual A.

[0037] If the kinship type is second-degree kinship (uncle and nephew), the pedigree chart shows that individual B is the nephew or niece of another individual A.

[0038] If the kinship type is third-degree kinship, such as first-generation cousins, the pedigree chart shows that two individuals A and B are cousins.

[0039] If the kinship type is fourth-degree kinship, such as cousins ​​or aunts, the genealogy chart shows that individual B is another individual A's cousin or aunt.

[0040] If the kinship type is a fifth degree of kinship, such as second-generation cousins, the genealogy chart shows that two individuals A and B are second-generation cousins.

[0041] In step S202, the number of additional branches n is calculated based on the kinship pedigree chart.

[0042] Specifically, the number of additional branches refers to the number of other blood branches necessary to connect two individuals in a family containing two subjects, in addition to a basic kinship.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the value of n represents the number of additional branches. Figure 3 Branches marked with a "five-pointed star" on the pedigree chart are additional branches, and the bold lines represent basic kinship, which refers to parent-child relationships or full sibling relationships.

[0044] For second-degree kinship (half-siblings), n = 1; for second-degree kinship (grandparents and grandchildren), n = 1; for second-degree kinship (uncle and nephew), n = 1; for third-degree kinship (e.g., first-generation cousins), n = 2; for fourth-degree kinship (e.g., cousins, uncles and nephews, aunts and nephews), n = 3; for fifth-degree kinship (e.g., second-generation cousins), n = 4.

[0045] In step S203, the blood identity coefficient of second-degree or higher kinship is determined based on the number of additional branches n.

[0046] Specifically, the kinship identity coefficient is used to represent the probability that two individuals with first-degree or higher kinship relationships share 0 pairs of kinship identity alleles, 1 pair of kinship identity alleles, and 2 pairs of kinship identity alleles at a certain gene locus.

[0047] A locus, also known as a gene locus, refers to the location of a gene on a chromosome. DNA encoded at the same locus is called an allele. Different individuals may have the same or different alleles at the same locus. For example, at the locus determining blood type, there are different alleles such as A, B, and O, and different combinations determine different blood types. When an individual has the same two alleles at a given locus, they are called homozygous; if the two alleles are different, they are called heterozygous. By comparing and analyzing the gene sequences of different individuals at specific loci, parentage and family relationships can be determined. In paternity testing, information from multiple loci is comprehensively analyzed, and the transmission patterns of alleles are used to determine whether a biological kinship exists between individuals.

[0048] A genotype is the combination of alleles in an individual at a specific gene locus (or gene site). Each locus typically has two alleles, one from the father and one from the mother. Alleles are different forms of genes located at the same locus; they can be the same or different.

[0049] Human somatic cells are diploid, with homologous chromosomes existing in pairs, each pair originating from the father and mother respectively. During meiosis to form gametes, homologous chromosomes separate, with each gamete receiving only one chromosome from each pair. Offspring inherit one allele from each parent at each locus. Therefore, in the process of transmission from parent to offspring, the maximum number of alleles involved at a single locus is two from both parents. Correspondingly, between two related individuals, the maximum number of shared IBD alleles at this locus is two pairs (the extreme case where both individuals inherit completely identical alleles from a common ancestor). Three or more pairs will not occur. Therefore, in conventional kinship locus analysis, only the sharing of 0, 1, or 2 pairs of IBD alleles is considered.

[0050] The identical-by-descent (IBD) coefficient includes a first coefficient k0, a second coefficient k1, and a third coefficient k2. The first coefficient k0 represents the probability that two individuals share 0 pairs of identical-by-descent (IBD) alleles at a given locus; the second coefficient k1 represents the probability that two individuals share 1 pair of identical-by-descent alleles at a given locus; and the third coefficient k2 represents the probability that two individuals share 2 pairs of identical-by-descent alleles at a given locus.

[0051] When two individuals are first-degree related, if the first-degree relationship is parent-child, then the first coefficient k0 = 0 (children must inherit one allele from each parent, so it's impossible for them to completely inherit none), the second coefficient k1 = 1 (children and parents always share one allele from one parent at a certain locus), and the third coefficient k2 = 0 (children will not simultaneously share alleles from both parents unless the parents are close relatives, but here we assume a normal parent-child relationship). If the first-degree relationship is full sibling, then the first coefficient k0 = 1 / 4 (there is a 25% probability that siblings do not share any alleles, i.e., they inherit different alleles from each parent), the second coefficient k1 = 1 / 2 (there is a 50% probability that they share one allele, i.e., they inherit the same allele from one parent), and the third coefficient k2 = 1 / 4 (there is a 25% probability that they share two alleles, i.e., they inherit the same allele from both parents).

[0052] When two individuals are related at the second degree or higher, the blood identity coefficient is expressed by the following formulas 1-3:

[0053]

[0054] As the number of additional branches n increases, the probability of not sharing any alleles approaches 1.

[0055]

[0056] The probability of sharing an allele decreases exponentially with the increase of the number of additional branches n.

[0057] k2=0; (Formula 3)

[0058] In ordinary kinship, individuals who are related at the second degree or higher will not share two alleles.

[0059] Where k2=0 is the blood identity coefficient corresponding to ordinary kinship, and n is the number of extra branches, n≥1.

[0060] common kinship k iThe (IBD coefficient) values ​​are shown in Table 1. N in Table 1 represents the degree of kinship, N = n + 1 (this formula applies to kinship of second degree or above).

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] In step S204, based on the blood identity coefficient of first-degree kinship and the blood identity coefficient of second-degree or higher kinship, the probability of joint genotype of the two individuals under a specific kinship in all different genotype combinations and the probability of joint genotype of random individuals are calculated.

[0064] Specifically, the probability of two individuals exhibiting a specific genotype combination is called the joint genotype probability. The two individuals include the first individual and the second individual. The alleles of both individuals originate from the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S. The probabilities of the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S are p (first allele probability), q (second allele probability), r (third allele probability), and s (fourth allele probability), respectively.

[0065] The genotype combinations of the two individuals include: the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP, or the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, or the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, or the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, or the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, or the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, or the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS.

[0066] The combined genotype probability for a specific kinship relationship includes a first specific probability X1, a second specific probability X2, a third specific probability X3, a fourth specific probability X4, a fifth specific probability X5, a sixth specific probability X6, and a seventh specific probability X7. The combined genotype probability for a random individual includes a first random probability Y1, a second random probability Y2, a third random probability Y3, a fourth random probability Y4, a fifth random probability Y5, a sixth random probability Y6, and a seventh random probability Y7.

[0067] Based on the blood identity coefficients for first-degree kinship and second-degree or higher kinship, calculate the probability of joint genotype for a specific kinship among the two individuals under all different genotype combinations, and the probability of joint genotype among random individuals, including:

[0068] When the first subject is PP and the second subject is PP, the first specific probability X1 is: k0p 4 +k1p 3 +k2p2 The first random probability Y1 is: p 4 .

[0069] Specifically, since each of the two individuals has two identical alleles P, they may share 0, 1, or 2 pairs of IBD alleles, with probabilities k0, k1, and k2, respectively. If the two individuals share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, then the four alleles P have four sources, so the probability that both individuals have the genotype PP is k0p. 4 If two individuals share one pair of IBD alleles, then the four alleles P have three sources. Therefore, the probability that both individuals have the genotype PP is k1p. 3 If two individuals share two pairs of IBD alleles, then the four alleles P have two sources. Therefore, the probability that both individuals have the genotype PP is k2p. 2 According to the rules of probability, the probability of a joint genotype where two individuals both have the genotype PP under a specific kinship condition is k0p. 4 +k1p 3 +k2p 2 .

[0070] When two individuals are unrelated, they will not share the IBD allele, meaning the four alleles P have four different sources. Therefore, the probability that both individuals have the genotype PP is p. 4 .

[0071] Therefore, when two individuals with the same genotype PP have a certain kinship relationship, their kinship index KI = (k0p) / (k0p) 4 +k1p 3 +k2p 2 ) / p 4 =(k0p 2 +k1p+k2) / p 2 .

[0072] When the first body is PP and the second body is PQ, the second specific probability X2 is: 2k0p 3 q+k1p 2 q, the second random probability Y2 is: 2p 3 q.

[0073] Specifically, since the two individuals share one identical allele P, they may share 0 or 1 pairs of IBD alleles, with probabilities k0 and k1 respectively. If the two individuals share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, then the three alleles P have three sources. According to Mendel's laws of inheritance, the probability that the two individuals have genotypes PP and PQ is 2k0p. 3 q; If two individuals share one pair of IBD alleles P, the probability that the two individuals have genotypes PP and PQ is k1p.2 q; Two individuals cannot share two pairs of IBD alleles. Therefore, according to probability rules, the probability of two individuals having the combined genotypes PP and PQ under a specific kinship condition is 2k0p. 3 q+k1p 2 q.

[0074] When two individuals are unrelated, they will not share the IBD allele; that is, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PP is p. 2 The probability that the second somatic genotype is PQ is 2pq, therefore the probability that the two somatic genotypes are PP and PQ is 2p. 3 q.

[0075] Therefore, when two individuals with genotypes PP and PQ have a certain kinship relationship, their kinship index KI = (2k0p) / ( ... 3 q+k1p 2 q) / (2p 3 q)=(2k0p+k1) / (2p).

[0076] When the first subject is PP and the second subject is QQ, the third specific probability X3 is: k0p 2 q 2 The third random probability Y3 is: p 2 q 2 .

[0077] Specifically, since the two individuals have no identical alleles, they can only share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, with a probability of k0. If the two individuals share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PP is p. 2 The probability that the second individual's genotype is QQ is q. 2 At this point, the probability that the two individuals have genotypes PP and QQ is k0p. 2 q 2 Two individuals cannot share one or two pairs of IBD alleles. Therefore, according to probability rules, the probability of two individuals having the combined genotypes PP and QQ under a specific kinship condition is k0p. 2 q 2 .

[0078] When two individuals are unrelated, they will not share the IBD allele; that is, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PP is p. 2 The probability that the second individual's genotype is QQ is q. 2 Therefore, the probability that the two individuals have genotypes PP and QQ at this time is p. 2 q 2 .

[0079] Therefore, when two individuals with genotypes PP and QQ have a certain kinship relationship, their kinship index KI = (k0p) / ( ... 2 q 2 ) / (p 2 q 2 )=k0.

[0080] When the first subject is PP and the second subject is QR, the fourth specific probability X4 is: 2k0p 2 qr, the fourth random probability Y4 is: 2p 2 qr.

[0081] Specifically, since the two individuals have no identical alleles, they can only share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, with a probability of k0. If the two individuals share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PP is p. 2 The probability that the second somatic genotype is QR is 2qr, and the probability that the two somatic genotypes are PP and QR is 2k0p. 2 qr; Two individuals cannot share one or two pairs of IBD alleles. Therefore, according to probability rules, the probability of two individuals having the combined genotypes PP and QQ under a specific kinship condition is 2k0p. 2 qr.

[0082] When two individuals are unrelated, they will not share the IBD allele; that is, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PP is p. 2 The probability that the second somatic genotype is QR is 2qr, therefore the probability that the two somatic genotypes are PP and QR is 2p. 2 qr.

[0083] Therefore, when two individuals with genotypes PP and QR have a certain kinship relationship, their kinship index KI = (2k0p) / ( ... 2 qr) / (2p 2 qr)=k0.

[0084] When the first body is PQ and the second body is PQ, the fifth specific probability X5 is: 4k0p 2 q 2 +k1pq(p+q)+2k2pq, the fifth random probability Y5 is: 4p 2 q 2 .

[0085] Specifically, since each of the two individuals has one identical allele P and one identical allele Q, they may share 0, 1, or 2 pairs of IBD alleles, with probabilities k0, k1, and k2, respectively. If the two individuals share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, then the four alleles have four sources, and the probability of each individual having the genotype PQ is 2pq. Therefore, the probability that both individuals have the genotype PQ is 4k0p. 2 q 2 If two individuals share one pair of IBD alleles, then the four alleles have three origins. If the P alleles in the two individuals are homologous, the probability is pq. 2 If Q in two individuals is a homologous allele, the probability is p. 2 Therefore, the probability that both individuals have the genotype PQ is k1pq(p+q). If the two individuals share two pairs of IBD alleles, then the alleles P and Q in both individuals are homologous alleles, so the probability that both individuals have the genotype PQ is 2k2pq. According to probability rules, the probability of a combined genotype of PQ for two individuals under a specific kinship condition is 4k0p. 2 q 2 +k1pq(p+q)+2k2pq.

[0086] When two individuals are unrelated, they will not share the IBD allele, meaning each individual has a genotype of PQ with a probability of 2pq. Therefore, the probability that both individuals have the genotype PQ is 4p. 2 q 2 .

[0087] Therefore, when two individuals with the same genotype PQ are related, their kinship index KI = (4k0p) / ( ... 2 q 2 +k1pq(p+q)+2k2pq) / (4p 2 q 2 )=[4k0pq+k1(p+q)+2k2] / (4pq).

[0088] When the first subject is PQ and the second subject is PR, the sixth specific probability X6 is: 4k0p 2 The sixth random probability Y6 is 4p, where qr+k1pqr is 4p. 2 qr.

[0089] Specifically, since the two individuals share one common allele P, they may share 0 or 1 pairs of IBD alleles, with probabilities k0 and k1 respectively. If the two individuals share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PQ is 2pq, and the probability that the second individual has the genotype PR is 2pr. In this case, the probability that the two individuals have the genotypes PQ and PR is 4k0p.2 If two individuals share one pair of IBD alleles P, the probability that their genotypes are PQ and PR is k1pqr. It is impossible for two individuals to share two pairs of IBD alleles. Therefore, according to probability rules, the probability of two individuals having the combined genotypes PP and PQ under a specific kinship condition is 4k0p. 2 qr+k1pqr.

[0090] When two individuals are unrelated, they will not share the IBD allele. That is, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PQ is 2pq, and the probability that the second individual has the genotype PR is 2pr. Therefore, the probability that the two individuals have the genotypes PQ and PR is 4p. 2 qr.

[0091] Therefore, when two individuals with genotypes PQ and PR have a certain kinship relationship, their kinship index KI = (4k0p) / ( ... 2 qr+k1pqr) / (4p 2 qr)=(4k0p+k1) / (4p).

[0092] When the first subject is PQ and the second subject is RS, the seventh specific probability X7 is: 4k0pqrs, and the seventh random probability Y7 is: 4pqrs.

[0093] Specifically, since the two individuals do not share any common alleles, they can only share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, with a probability of k0. If the two individuals share 0 pairs of IBD alleles, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PQ is 2qr, and the probability that the second individual has the genotype RS is 2rs. In this case, the probability that the two individuals have the genotypes PQ and RS is 4k0pqrs. The two individuals cannot share 1 or 2 pairs of IBD alleles. Therefore, according to the rules of probability, the probability of the two individuals having the combined genotypes PQ and RS under a specific kinship condition is 4k0pqrs.

[0094] When two individuals are unrelated, they will not share the IBD allele. That is, the probability that the first individual has the genotype PQ is 2qr, and the probability that the second individual has the genotype RS is 2rs. Therefore, the probability that the two individuals have the genotypes PP and QR is 4pqrs.

[0095] Therefore, when two individuals with genotypes PQ and RS have a certain kinship relationship, their kinship index KI = (4k0pqrs) / (4pqrs) = k0.

[0096] In step S205, based on the joint genotype probability for the specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability for the random individual, a kinship index between the two individuals under different kinship types is calculated. The kinship index between the two individuals is used to measure the closeness of the kinship between the two individuals.

[0097] The kinship index includes the first index, the second index, the third index, the fourth index, the fifth index, the sixth index, and the seventh index.

[0098] When the first body is PP and the second body is PP, the first index is: (k0p) 2 +k1p+k2) / p 2 ;

[0099] When the first body is PP and the second body is PQ, the second exponent is: (2k0p+k1) / (2p);

[0100] When the first entity is PP and the second entity is QQ, the third index is: k0;

[0101] When the first body is PP and the second body is QR, the fourth exponent is: k0;

[0102] When the first body is PQ and the second body is PQ, the fifth index is: [4k0pq+k1(p+q)+2k2] / (4pq);

[0103] When the first body is PQ and the second body is PR, the sixth index is: (4k0p+k1) / (4p);

[0104] When the first body is PQ and the second body is RS, the seventh index is k0.

[0105] Table 2 shows the probability of combined genes in individuals with different genotype combinations under specific kinship and the probability of combined genotypes in random individuals:

[0106] Table 2

[0107]

[0108] When two individuals each have two identical alleles P, it means that each individual possesses two identical alleles. For example, if one individual's genotype is PP (both alleles are P), and another individual's genotype is also PP, then each individual has two identical alleles P. However, this does not mean that the two individuals share two pairs of alleles. "Sharing" here means that the two individuals inherited the same alleles from a common ancestor. Sharing 0 pairs of IBD alleles means that the two individuals' alleles P are independently inherited from different ancestors, and they have no common ancestral origin. Sharing 1 pair of IBD alleles means that one allele P in the two individuals comes from a common ancestor, while the other allele P comes from a different ancestor. Sharing 2 pairs of IBD alleles means that both alleles P in the two individuals come from a common ancestor.

[0109] Therefore, even if two individuals both have the PP genotype, they may share 0, 1, or 2 pairs of IBD alleles, depending on how they inherited these alleles from their ancestors. For example, if they are identical twins, they will share 2 pairs of IBD alleles; if they are siblings, they may share 1 pair of IBD alleles; and if they are distant relatives or unrelated individuals, they may share 0 pairs of IBD alleles.

[0110] Substituting the ki values ​​from Table 1 into Table 2, we can obtain the formula for calculating the kinship index between two individuals with different genotype combinations under a specific kinship relationship. In other words, the ki value formulas for different kinship relationships are derived from the general formula in Table 2. The formulas for calculating the kinship index between two individuals with different genotype combinations are shown in Table 3.

[0111] Table 3

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] In Table 3, p and q represent the probabilities of alleles P and Q, respectively. In summary, for any two related individuals, by drawing a pedigree chart and calculating the number of additional branches n, their ki value can be obtained. Furthermore, by combining the probabilities of the combined genotypes for specific kinship relationships under different genotype combinations and the probabilities of the combined genotypes for random individuals, the kinship index KI value between two individuals under different kinship types can be obtained.

[0115] The calculation formulas for kinship within the third degree of kinship obtained in Table 3 were compared with those in the Technical Specifications for Paternity Testing (GB / T37223-2018) and the Technical Specifications for Biological Full-Sibling Relationships (GB / T 43641-2024) issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration of China, as well as the calculation formulas for the kinship index between two individuals proposed by scholars such as Lu Huiling and Lü Dejian in their articles "Calculating the Chance of Blood Relationship Between Two Individuals Using the ITO Method" and "A New Method for Calculating the Paternity Index." The results showed consistency. For example, the calculation formula for the kinship index of twins in the Technical Specifications for Paternity Testing (GB / T 37223-2018) is consistent with the KI value formula for parentage in Table 3; the calculation formula for the FSI of two individuals in the Technical Specifications for Biological Full-Sibling Relationships (GB / T 43641-2024) is consistent with the KI value formula for full-sibling relationships in Table 3; and the calculation formulas for uncles and nephews, grandparents and grandchildren, and half-siblings in the articles by scholars such as Lu Huiling and Lü Dejian are also consistent with the KI value formula for second-degree kinship in Table 3. However, standards and literature generally only calculate KI values ​​within the third degree of kinship, while this application can extend to solve the general calculation of N-level kinship. Furthermore, the simplified derivation process of the calculation formula provides the possibility for the subsequent calculation and automated analysis of complex kinship relationships.

[0116] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a device for calculating the inter-individual kinship index as described above. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the inter-individual kinship index calculation device provided below can be found in the limitations of the inter-individual kinship index calculation method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0117] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, a device for calculating the kinship index between two individuals is provided, comprising:

[0118] The acquisition module 410 is used to acquire the kinship pedigree chart of two individuals with a second-degree or higher kinship relationship;

[0119] The first calculation module 420 is used to calculate the number of additional branches based on the kinship pedigree chart.

[0120] The determining module 430 is used to determine the blood identity coefficient of second-degree or higher kinship based on the number of additional branches;

[0121] The second calculation module 440 is used to calculate the probability of joint genotype of the two individuals under a specific kinship in all different genotype combinations and the probability of joint genotype of random individuals, based on the blood identity coefficient of the first-degree kinship and the blood identity coefficient of the second-degree and above kinship.

[0122] The third calculation module 450 is used to calculate the kinship index between the two individuals under different kinship types based on the joint genotype probability under the specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability under the random individual. The kinship index between the two individuals is used to measure the closeness of the kinship between the two individuals.

[0123] As an alternative implementation, the additional branch number refers to the number of other blood branches necessary to connect the two individuals in a family containing two subjects, in addition to a basic kinship.

[0124] As an optional implementation, the bloodline identity coefficient is used to represent the probability that two individuals with the first-degree kinship and the second-degree or higher kinship share 0 pairs of bloodline identity alleles, 1 pair of bloodline identity alleles, and 2 pairs of bloodline identity alleles at a certain gene locus. The bloodline identity coefficient includes a first coefficient k0, a second coefficient k1, and a third coefficient k2.

[0125] When two individuals are related at least at the second degree of kinship, the first coefficient Second coefficient The third coefficient k2 = 0;

[0126] Where k2=0 is the blood identity coefficient corresponding to ordinary kinship, and n is the number of extra branches, n≥1.

[0127] As an optional implementation, when two individuals are related by first-degree kinship, if the first-degree kinship is a parent-child relationship, then the first coefficient k0 = 0, the second coefficient k1 = 1, and the third coefficient k2 = 0; if the first-degree kinship is a full sibling relationship, then the first coefficient k0 = 1 / 4, the second coefficient k1 = 1 / 2, and the third coefficient k2 = 1 / 4.

[0128] As an optional implementation, the two individuals include a first individual and a second individual, wherein the alleles of the first individual and the second individual are derived from the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S, and the probabilities of the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S are the first allele probability p, the second allele probability q, the third allele probability r, and the fourth allele probability s, respectively.

[0129] The genotype combinations of the two individuals include: the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP, or the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, or the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, or the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, or the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, or the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, or the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS.

[0130] As an optional implementation, the joint genotype probability for a specific kinship relationship includes a first specific probability X1, a second specific probability X2, a third specific probability X3, a fourth specific probability X4, a fifth specific probability X5, a sixth specific probability X6, and a seventh specific probability X7; the joint genotype probability for a random individual includes a first random probability Y1, a second random probability Y2, a third random probability Y3, a fourth random probability Y4, a fifth random probability Y5, a sixth random probability Y6, and a seventh random probability Y7; the second calculation module 440 is specifically used for:

[0131] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP, the first specific probability X1 is: k0p 4 +k1p 3 +k2p 2 The first random probability Y1 is: p 4 ;

[0132] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, the second specific probability X2 is: 2k0p 3 q+k1p 2 q, the second random probability Y2 is: 2p 3 q;

[0133] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, the third specific probability X3 is: k0p 2 q 2 The third random probability Y3 is: p 2 q 2 ;

[0134] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, the fourth specific probability X4 is: 2k0p 2 qr, the fourth random probability Y4 is: 2p 2 qr;

[0135] When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, the fifth specific probability X5 is: 4k0p 2 q 2 +k1pq(p+q)+2k2pq, the fifth random probability Y5 is: 4p 2 q2 ;

[0136] When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, the sixth specific probability X6 is: 4k0p 2 qr+k1pqr, the sixth random probability Y6 is: 4p 2 qr;

[0137] When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS, the seventh specific probability X7 is: 4k0pqrs, and the seventh random probability Y7 is: 4pqrs.

[0138] As an optional implementation, the kinship index includes a first index, a second index, a third index, a fourth index, a fifth index, a sixth index, and a seventh index. The third calculation module 450, which calculates the kinship index between two individuals based on the combined genotype probability at the specific kinship level and the combined genotype probability at the random individual level, is specifically used for:

[0139] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP, the first index is: (k0p) 2 +k1p+k2) / p 2 ;

[0140] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, the second index is: (2k0p+k1) / (2p);

[0141] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, the third index is: k0;

[0142] When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, the fourth index is: k0;

[0143] When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, the fifth index is: [4k0pq+k1(p+q)+2k2] / (4pq);

[0144] When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, the sixth index is: (4k0p+k1) / (4p);

[0145] When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS, the seventh index is k0.

[0146] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server or a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows. Figure 5As shown, this computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides the environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The database stores video tag processing data. The I / O interfaces are used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communicating with external terminals via a network connection. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a method for calculating a kinship index between two individuals.

[0147] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0148] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0149] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0150] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0151] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0152] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0153] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0154] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0155] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals, characterized in that, The method for calculating the inter-individual kinship index includes: Obtain the kinship pedigree chart of two individuals who are related at the second degree or higher; The number of additional branches is calculated based on the kinship pedigree chart, wherein the number of additional branches for N-degree kinship is n, n=N-1, and N is not less than 2; the number of additional branches refers to the number of other blood branches necessary to connect the two individuals in a family containing two individuals, in addition to a basic kinship. The blood identity coefficient of the second-degree or higher kinship is determined based on the number of additional branches; wherein, the blood identity coefficient includes a first coefficient. Second coefficient and the third coefficient When two individuals are related at least at the second degree of kinship, the first coefficient... The second coefficient The third coefficient ; Based on the blood identity coefficient of first-degree kinship and the blood identity coefficient of second-degree and above kinship, calculate the joint genotype probability of the two individuals under a specific kinship in all different genotype combinations and the joint genotype probability of random individuals; the two individuals include a first individual and a second individual, whose alleles are derived from the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S, respectively; the probabilities of the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S are the first allele probability p, the second allele probability q, the third allele probability r, and the fourth allele probability s, respectively; where: When the first individual is a PP and the second individual is a PP, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: 2 The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 2 ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, the probability of the joint genotype at the specific kinship is: 2 The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 2 ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is:

4. The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 4 ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS, the probability of the joint genotype at the specific kinship is: 4 The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 4 ; Based on the joint genotype probability for a specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability for a random individual, a kinship index and an N-level kinship index are calculated between the two individuals under different kinship types. The kinship index between the two individuals is used to measure the closeness of the kinship between them. The kinship index between the two individuals is the ratio of the joint genotype probability for a specific kinship relationship to the joint genotype probability for a random individual. The N-level kinship index between the two individuals is obtained based on the kinship index between the two individuals, the number of additional branches, and the bloodline identity coefficient. Wherein: When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n / p; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n / (2p); When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, the N-level kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n [(p+q) / 4pq]; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n / (4p); When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n .

2. The method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The kinship coefficient represents the probability that two individuals with the first-degree kinship and the second-degree or higher kinship share 0 pairs of kinship alleles, 1 pair of kinship alleles, and 2 pairs of kinship alleles at a certain gene locus. Here, n represents the bloodline identity coefficient under ordinary kinship, and n is the number of extra branches.

1.

3. The method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals according to claim 2, characterized in that, When two individuals are related by first-degree kinship, if the first-degree kinship is a parent-child relationship, then the first coefficient... The second coefficient The third coefficient If the first-degree kinship is a full sibling relationship, then the first coefficient The second coefficient The third coefficient .

4. The method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals according to claim 3, characterized in that, The genotype combinations of the two individuals include: the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP; or, the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ; or, the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ; or, the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR; or, the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ; or, the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR; or, the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS.

5. The method for calculating the kinship index between two individuals according to claim 4, characterized in that, The probability of combined genotypes in the specific kinship relationship includes a first specific probability. Second specific probability Third specific probability Fourth specific probability Fifth specific probability The sixth specific probability The seventh specific probability The joint genotype probability of the random individual includes a first random probability. Second random probability Third random probability Fourth random probability Fifth random probability The sixth random probability The seventh random probability ; The calculation of the joint genotype probability of the two individuals under a specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability of random individuals, based on the blood identity coefficient of first-degree kinship and the blood identity coefficient of second-degree or higher kinship, includes: When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP, the first specific probability for: The first random probability for: ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, the second specific probability For: 2 The second random probability For: 2 ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, the third specific probability for: The third random probability for: ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, the fourth specific probability For: 2 The fourth random probability For: 2 ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, the fifth specific probability for: The fifth random probability for: ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, the sixth specific probability For: 4 The sixth random probability For: 4 ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS, the seventh specific probability For: 4 The seventh random probability For: 4 .

6. A device for calculating the kinship index between two individuals, characterized in that, The two inter-body kinship index calculation device includes: The acquisition module is used to obtain the kinship pedigree chart of two individuals who are related at the second degree or above; The first calculation module is used to calculate the number of additional branches based on the kinship pedigree chart; wherein the number of additional branches for N-level kinship is n, n=N-1, and N is not less than 2; the number of additional branches refers to the number of other blood branches necessary to connect the two individuals in a family containing two individuals, in addition to a basic kinship. The determining module is used to determine the blood identity coefficient for second-degree or higher kinship relationships based on the number of additional branches; wherein the blood identity coefficient includes a first coefficient. Second coefficient and the third coefficient When two individuals are related at least at the second degree of kinship, the first coefficient... The second coefficient The third coefficient ; The second calculation module is used to calculate, based on the blood identity coefficient of the first-degree kinship and the blood identity coefficient of the second-degree and above kinship, the joint genotype probability of the two individuals under a specific kinship in all different genotype combinations and the joint genotype probability of random individuals; the two individuals include a first individual and a second individual, the alleles of the first individual and the second individual both come from the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S, and the probabilities of the first allele P, the second allele Q, the third allele R, and the fourth allele S appearing are the first allele probability p, the second allele probability q, the third allele probability r, and the fourth allele probability s, respectively; wherein: When the first individual is a PP and the second individual is a PP, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: 2 The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 2 ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, the probability of the joint genotype at the specific kinship is: 2 The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 2 ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is: The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, the probability of the joint genotype for the specific kinship relationship is:

4. The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 4 ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS, the probability of the joint genotype at the specific kinship is: 4 The probability of joint genotype for the random individual is: 4 ; The third calculation module is used to calculate the kinship index and N-level kinship index between the two individuals under different kinship types, based on the joint genotype probability under the specific kinship relationship and the joint genotype probability under the random individual relationship. The kinship index between the two individuals is used to measure the closeness of the kinship between the two individuals. The kinship index between the two individuals is the ratio of the joint genotype probability under the specific kinship relationship to the joint genotype probability under the random individual relationship. The N-level kinship index between the two individuals is obtained based on the kinship index between the two individuals, the number of additional branches, and the blood identity coefficient. Wherein: When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PP, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n / p; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is PQ, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n / (2p); When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QQ, the N-level kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n ; When the first individual is PP and the second individual is QR, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n ; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PQ, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n [(p+q) / 4pq]; When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is PR, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n +(1 / 2) n / (4p); When the first individual is PQ and the second individual is RS, the N-order kinship index between the two individuals is 1 - (1 / 2). n .

7. A computer device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for calculating the inter-individual kinship index according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the method for calculating the inter-individual kinship index according to any one of claims 1-5.

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