Self-adaptive programmable deformation battery based on hydrogel driving as well as preparation method and application of self-adaptive programmable deformation battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive programmable deformation battery based on hydrogel driving and a preparation method and application thereof, the battery is prepared through the following steps: step 1, synthesizing hydrogel driving layer ink, the hydrogel driving layer ink comprises a hydrogel polymerizable monomer, a cross-linking agent, a photoinitiator and an MXene nanosheet; ink of the hydrogel driving layer is printed in an ink direct-writing manner along a specified path to form the hydrogel driving layer, and an ultraviolet curing lamp is used for irradiating to initiate polymerization of a hydrogel polymerizable monomer while printing is carried out; 2, after photo-curing is completed, positive electrode material ink and negative electrode material ink are sequentially printed on the surface of the hydrogel driving layer in an ink direct-writing mode, and an interdigital electrode is formed; and step 3, preparing electrolyte ink, printing the electrolyte ink on the surface of the interdigital electrode in an ink direct-writing manner, and carrying out photocuring to obtain an electrolyte layer. The self-adaptive deformable battery disclosed by the invention can realize controllable, reversible and programmable deformation after being stimulated by the outside.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smart batteries, and in particular to an adaptive programmable deformable battery and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wearable electronics, soft robotics, implantable medical devices, and intelligent bionic systems, traditional rigid batteries, due to their fixed shape and fragility, are increasingly unable to meet the flexibility, intelligence, and environmental adaptability requirements of energy supply systems in emerging devices. Against this backdrop, deformable batteries, which can autonomously adjust their shape based on external stimuli and adapt to complex dynamic environments, have emerged as a key research direction at the intersection of energy technology and flexible electronics.

[0003] Adaptive deformable batteries integrate smart materials and innovative structural designs, enabling them to proactively change shape in response to external stimuli (such as heat, light, electric and magnetic fields, humidity, or mechanical force), enabling dynamic reconfiguration through folding, unfolding, bending, and twisting. This deformation not only ensures continuous and stable energy supply in diverse physical environments but also provides the battery with new functionalities, such as space saving, mechanical protection, adaptive energy management, and multi-mode output, greatly expanding the battery's application potential.

[0004] Currently, researchers are actively exploring various strategies to endow batteries with adaptive deformation capabilities, including the introduction of responsive hydrogels, liquid metals, shape memory materials, and photothermal conversion materials. These strategies, combined with origami structural design, programmable manufacturing, and interface engineering, aim to achieve synergistic optimization of electrochemical and mechanical deformation properties. At the same time, maintaining the battery's high energy density, long cycle life, and excellent safety during deformation, as well as achieving intelligent responses under multiple stimuli and modes, remain key scientific challenges that urgently need breakthroughs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive programmable deformable battery and a preparation method thereof in view of the technical defects existing in the prior art.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide applications of the adaptive programmable deformable battery.

[0007] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of the present invention is:

[0008] A method for preparing an adaptive programmable deformable battery comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Synthesizing a hydrogel driving layer ink, wherein the hydrogel driving layer ink includes a hydrogel polymerizable monomer, a crosslinker, a photoinitiator, and MXene nanosheets; directly printing the hydrogel driving layer ink along a designated path to form a hydrogel driving layer, and irradiating the hydrogel driving layer with a UV curing lamp while printing to initiate polymerization of the hydrogel polymerizable monomer;

[0010] Step 2: After the photocuring is completed, the positive electrode material ink and the negative electrode material ink are sequentially printed on the surface of the hydrogel driving layer by ink direct writing to form interdigitated electrodes;

[0011] Step 3: prepare electrolyte ink, directly print the electrolyte ink on the surface of the interdigitated electrode, and perform photocuring to obtain an electrolyte layer.

[0012] In the above technical solution, in step 1, the hydrogel driving layer includes two layers. During printing, the first hydrogel driving layer is printed along a first direction and irradiated with a UV curing lamp while printing. After printing is completed, the preset hinge area is heated, and the heating temperature is greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel. The hinge area shrinks after heating, and the hinge area maintains heating. The second hydrogel driving layer is printed along a second direction on the first hydrogel driving layer, and irradiated with a UV curing lamp while printing. After completing steps 2 and 3, the hinge area is unheated and restored to room temperature. The hinge area is deformed to obtain a battery in a unidirectional folded state.

[0013] In the above technical solution, in step 1, the hydrogel driving layer includes two layers. During printing, the first hydrogel driving layer is printed along the first direction and irradiated with an ultraviolet curing lamp while printing. After printing is completed, the first preset hinge area is heated from the bottom of the first hydrogel driving layer, and the heating temperature is greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel. The first preset hinge area shrinks after heating, and the first preset hinge area maintains heating. The second hydrogel driving layer is printed along the second direction on the first hydrogel driving layer, and irradiated with an ultraviolet curing lamp while printing. The second preset hinge area is heated from the top of the second hydrogel driving layer, and the heating temperature is greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel. The second preset hinge area and the first preset hinge area are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence. After completing steps 2 and 3, the first preset hinge area and the second preset hinge area are unheated and restored to room temperature. The first preset hinge area and the second preset hinge area are deformed in opposite directions to obtain a battery in an accordion folded state.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the angle between the first direction and the second direction is 0 to 180°.

[0015] In the above technical solution, in step 1, the mass ratio of the hydrogel polymerizable monomer, crosslinking agent, photoinitiator and MXene nanosheet is (60.0-95.0):(15.0-35.0):(0.5-15.0):(0.0-45.0);

[0016] The hydrogel polymerizable monomer is one or more of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide and acrylic acid;

[0017] The cross-linking agent is one or more of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate and dihydroxyethylidenebisacrylamide;

[0018] The photoinitiator is one or more of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone (I1173), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (I184) and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)sulfonylmethane (I651).

[0019] In the above technical solution, in step 2, the positive electrode material ink includes one or more of manganese dioxide, vanadium oxide, layered vanadate, Prussian blue analogues, ammonium metavanadate, and MXene nanosheets;

[0020] The negative electrode material ink includes one or more of zinc powder, zinc flakes, and MXene nanosheets.

[0021] Preferably, the MXene nanosheet is Ti3C2T x 、Ti2CT x 、Ti4N3T x 、Ti3CNT x 、Cr2TiC2T x 、Mo2CT x 、Mo2TiC2T x 、Mo2Ti2C3T x 、Nb2CT x or V2CT x The lateral size of the MXene nanosheet is 100 nm to 10 μm.

[0022] In the above technical solution, in step 3, the electrolyte layer ink includes a polymerizable monomer, a cross-linking agent, a photoinitiator, and conductive salt ions, or further includes an ionic liquid and / or deionized water;

[0023] The polymerizable monomer is one or more of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate;

[0024] The cross-linking agent is one or more of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate and dihydroxyethylidenebisacrylamide;

[0025] The ionic liquid is one or more of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate;

[0026] The photoinitiator is one or more of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone (I1173), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (I184) and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)sulfonylmethane (I651).

[0027] In the above technical solution, in steps 1 to 3, the printing temperature is 0-200° C.; the printing speed is 0.1-20 mm / s; and the printing path is one or more of orthogonal, parallel, spiral, triangular, rectangular, and polygonal.

[0028] Another aspect of the present invention also includes an adaptive programmable deformable battery obtained using the preparation method.

[0029] Another aspect of the present invention also includes the application of the adaptive programmable deformable battery. When heated or exposed to light, the adaptive programmable deformable battery can achieve reversible or programmable deformation, and the deformation is bending, twisting, folding, moving or curling.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the light source of the light irradiation is one or more of 808nm near-infrared light, sunlight, incandescent light, LED light and xenon lamp;

[0031] The heating is to raise the temperature to above the lowest critical temperature at which the hydrogel in the hydrogel driving layer undergoes a sol-gel reversible phase transition.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The adaptive deformable battery described in this invention is capable of controllable, reversible, and programmable deformation in response to external stimuli. This deformation occurs when the anisotropically oriented MXene nanocomposite hydrogel is heated above its LCST. The anisotropic structure of the hydrogel's driving layer absorbs and loses water at different rates upon heating, thus inducing deformation. The printing direction directly determines the orientation of the MXene nanosheets within the hydrogel, which in turn determines the direction of the hydrogel's contraction. Furthermore, printing speed can also influence orientation; higher printing speeds make it easier to follow the desired printing path.

[0034] 2. By changing the printing parameters, the orientation of MXene nanosheets in the hydrogel matrix can be precisely controlled, and the prepared batteries can achieve a variety of programmable shape changes such as bending, folding, twisting, rolling and unfolding.

[0035] 3. The adaptive deformable battery in the present invention can achieve reversible change from a folded state to an unfolded structure and reversible conversion from a compact scroll structure to a large-area two-dimensional film.

[0036] 4. The adaptive deformable battery in the present invention is a chemically integrated integrated structure, and no physical stratification or the like occurs during repeated deformation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a photo of the adaptive deformable battery prepared in Example 1 of the present invention automatically bending after being stimulated by external stimuli.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a photo of the adaptive deformable battery prepared in Example 2 of the present invention automatically unfolding from a folded state after being stimulated by external factors.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a photograph of the electrochemical performance of the adaptive deformable battery prepared in Example 3 of the present invention after repeated folding after being subjected to external stimulation.

[0040] Figure 4 These are photos of cyclic voltammetry curves of the adaptive deformable battery prepared in Example 3 of the present invention at different scan rates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] An adaptive programmable deformable battery is prepared by the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Print the hydrogel drive layer:

[0045] Synthesis of hydrogel actuation layer ink: 1 g N-isopropylacrylamide, 0.1 g N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 5 mg I1173, 500 mg Ti3C2T x MXene is stirred evenly and then added to the barrel of the 3D printer.

[0046] An ink direct-write 3D printer was used for printing, with a printing speed of 8 mm / s and a printing pressure of 0.0.3 MPa. A UV curing lamp was used to induce free radical polymerization while printing to form a hydrogel driving layer.

[0047] Step 2: Print the interdigitated electrodes:

[0048] Mix 0.1g of ammonium metavanadate (NVO), 0.1g of titanium carbide MXene, and 0.2g of deionized water and use it as the positive electrode printing ink. Mix 0.1g of zinc powder, 0.1g of titanium carbide MXene, and 0.2g of deionized water and use it as the negative electrode printing ink.

[0049] The positive and negative electrodes of the zinc ion microbattery are printed in a finger-shaped manner on the surface of the hydrogel driving layer. Figure 1 As shown, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are printed on the left and right sides of the length direction of the hydrogel driving layer respectively.

[0050] Step 3, printing the electrolyte layer:

[0051] 0.1 g of trimethylolpropane (3-mercaptopropionate), 0.1 g of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 0.5 g of zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 0.02 g of I184 and 1 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate were mixed and used as printing ink for gel electrolyte.

[0052] The gel electrolyte is directly printed by ink writing to form an electrolyte layer, which covers the surface of the interdigitated electrode and has the same shape and size as the hydrogel driving layer. It is then irradiated with an ultraviolet curing lamp for 1 minute to form a chemically integrated, integrated, adaptive, programmable, deformable zinc ion microbattery.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the prepared deformable battery gradually forms a bent configuration under 808nm near-infrared irradiation. After the near-infrared light is removed, the deformable battery can quickly recover from the bent configuration to its original shape within 10 seconds, and can achieve rapid reversible deformation.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] An adaptive programmable deformable battery is prepared by the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Print the hydrogel drive layer:

[0057] Synthesis of hydrogel driving layer ink: 0.8 g N-isopropylacrylamide, 0.2 g acrylamide, 0.1 g dihydroxyethylidenebisacrylamide, 5 mg I184, 600 mg Ti3C2T x After adding MXene to the beaker and stirring evenly, it is transferred to the barrel of the 3D printer.

[0058] Printing was performed using an ink direct writing 3D printer at a printing speed of 10 mm / s and a printing pressure of 0.02 MPa. A hydrogel driving layer was first printed along a 45° direction and irradiated with a UV curing lamp while printing. The hydrogel driving layer was evenly divided into multiple unit areas along the length direction. The hinge area was set between each two adjacent unit areas. Figure 2 As shown in , the hydrogel driving layer is evenly divided into six unit areas along the length direction, with a total of five preset hinge areas, and the three preset hinge areas ( Figure 2 a, b, and c) are heated (the heating position is below the first hydrogel driving layer, the heating temperature is 50-80° C., and the heating temperature is greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel), and the hinge area shrinks after heating.

[0059] The hinge area is kept heated, and then the second layer of hydrogel driving layer is printed on the first layer of hydrogel driving layer along the 135° direction using the same printing parameters, and irradiated with UV curing light while printing, and the other two preset hinge areas ( Figure 2 In d and e), heating is performed (the heating position is above the second hydrogel driving layer, and the heating temperature is 50-80° C.), and the hinge area shrinks after heating.

[0060] Step 2: Print the interdigitated electrodes:

[0061] Mix 0.5g of manganese dioxide (NVO), 0.1g of titanium carbide MXene, and 0.3g of deionized water and use it as the positive electrode printing ink. Mix 0.5g of zinc powder, 0.1g of titanium carbide MXene, 0.2g of zinc powder, and 0.3g of deionized water and use it as the negative electrode printing ink.

[0062] Sequentially print the positive and negative electrode materials of the zinc ion microbattery in the form of finger-shaped ink direct writing, such as Figure 2 As shown, one or two pairs of interdigitated electrodes are printed on each unit area, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode on two adjacent unit areas are connected.

[0063] Step 3, printing the electrolyte layer:

[0064] 0.1 g acrylamide, 0.1 g zinc sulfate, 0.05 g photoinitiator I1173 and 0.3 g deionized water were mixed and used as printing ink for gel electrolyte.

[0065] The gel electrolyte is printed by ink direct writing. The electrolyte layer covers the surface of the interdigitated electrode and has the same shape and size as the hydrogel driving layer. It is then irradiated with a UV curing lamp for 1 minute.

[0066] After completing step 3, the heating of the hinge area is canceled and the state is restored to room temperature, forming a chemically integrated integrated adaptive programmable deformable zinc-ion microbattery in an accordion folding state.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the prepared battery can achieve rapid reversible deformation under 808nm near-infrared irradiation. The prepared deformable origami battery can automatically unfold from the initial folded state to a flat state under near-infrared light irradiation. After the near-infrared light is removed, the origami battery can automatically return to the folded state within 1 minute.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] An adaptive programmable deformable battery is prepared by the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Print the hydrogel drive layer:

[0071] Synthesis of hydrogel driving layer ink: Add 0.6 g N-isopropylacrylamide, 0.4 g acrylic acid, 0.4 g polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 5 mg I651, and 0.1 g vanadium carbide MXene into a beaker and stir evenly, then add it to the barrel of the 3D printer for later use.

[0072] Printing was performed using an ink direct-write 3D printer at a speed of 10 mm / s and a pressure of 0.02 MPa. A hydrogel drive layer was first printed along the 0° direction, and irradiated with a UV curing lamp while printing. The hinge area was located at the center of the length of the hydrogel drive layer and heated (at a temperature of 50-80°C, which should be greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel). The hinge area shrank after heating.

[0073] The hinge area is kept heated, and then the second hydrogel driving layer is printed on the printed first hydrogel driving layer along the 135° direction using the same printing parameters, and irradiated with a UV curing lamp while printing.

[0074] Step 2: Print the interdigitated electrodes:

[0075] Mix 0.5g of vanadium pentoxide, 0.1g of titanium carbide MXene, and 0.3g of deionized water and use it as the positive electrode printing ink. Mix 0.5g of zinc powder, 0.1g of titanium carbide MXene, 0.1g of zinc powder, and 0.3g of deionized water and use it as the negative electrode printing ink.

[0076] The positive electrode material and negative electrode material of the finger-shaped zinc ion microbattery are printed sequentially by ink direct writing, and the positive electrode and negative electrode are printed on the left and right sides of the length direction of the hydrogel driving layer respectively.

[0077] Step 3, printing the electrolyte layer:

[0078] 0.1 g of trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), 0.1 g of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 0.5 g of zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 0.01 g of I1173 and 1 g of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate were mixed and used as printing ink for gel electrolyte.

[0079] The gel electrolyte is printed by ink direct writing. The electrolyte layer covers the surface of the interdigitated electrode and has the same shape and size as the hydrogel driving layer. It is then irradiated with a UV curing lamp for 1 minute.

[0080] After completing step 3, the heating of the hinge area is canceled and the state is restored to room temperature, forming a chemically integrated integrated adaptive programmable deformable zinc-ion microbattery in a unidirectional folded state.

[0081] The prepared battery can achieve rapid reversible deformation under 808nm near-infrared irradiation. Figure 3 As shown in Figure 2, the prepared battery still maintains good electrochemical performance after repeated folding / unfolding deformation, without obvious performance degradation, and as shown in Figure 2 Figure 4 It is shown that it has good voltage stability at different scanning speeds.

[0082] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an adaptive programmable deformable battery, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Synthesizing a hydrogel driving layer ink, wherein the hydrogel driving layer ink includes a hydrogel polymerizable monomer, a crosslinker, a photoinitiator, and MXene nanosheets; directly printing the hydrogel driving layer ink along a designated path to form a hydrogel driving layer, and irradiating the hydrogel driving layer with a UV curing lamp while printing to initiate polymerization of the hydrogel polymerizable monomer; Step 2: After the photocuring is completed, the positive electrode material ink and the negative electrode material ink are sequentially printed on the surface of the hydrogel driving layer by ink direct writing to form interdigitated electrodes; Step 3: prepare electrolyte ink, directly print the electrolyte ink on the surface of the interdigitated electrode, and perform photocuring to obtain an electrolyte layer.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In the step 1, the hydrogel driving layer includes two layers. During printing, the first hydrogel driving layer is printed along a first direction and irradiated with a UV curing lamp while printing. After printing is completed, the preset hinge area is heated, and the heating temperature is greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel. The hinge area shrinks after heating, and the hinge area maintains heating. The second hydrogel driving layer is printed along a second direction on the first hydrogel driving layer, and irradiated with a UV curing lamp while printing. After completing steps 2 and 3, the hinge area is unheated and restored to room temperature. The hinge area is deformed to obtain a battery in a unidirectional folded state.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In the step 1, the hydrogel driving layer includes two layers. During printing, the first hydrogel driving layer is printed along the first direction and irradiated with an ultraviolet curing lamp while printing. After printing is completed, the first preset hinge area is heated from the bottom of the first hydrogel driving layer, and the heating temperature is greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel. The first preset hinge area shrinks after heating, and the first preset hinge area maintains heating. The second hydrogel driving layer is printed along the second direction on the first hydrogel driving layer, and irradiated with an ultraviolet curing lamp while printing. The second preset hinge area is heated from the top of the second hydrogel driving layer, and the heating temperature is greater than the lowest phase transition temperature of the hydrogel. The second preset hinge area and the first preset hinge area are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence. After completing steps 2 and 3, the first preset hinge area and the second preset hinge area are unheated and restored to room temperature. The first preset hinge area and the second preset hinge area are deformed in opposite directions to obtain a battery in an accordion folded state.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein The angle between the first direction and the second direction is 0 to 180 degrees.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In step 1, the mass ratio of the hydrogel polymerizable monomer, the crosslinking agent, the photoinitiator and the MXene nanosheet is (60.0-95.0):(15.0-35.0):(0.5-15.0):(0.0-45.0); The hydrogel polymerizable monomer is one or more of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide and acrylic acid; The cross-linking agent is one or more of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate and dihydroxyethylidenebisacrylamide; The photoinitiator is one or more of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone (I1173), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (I184) and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)sulfonylmethane (I651).

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In step 2, the positive electrode material ink includes one or more of manganese dioxide, vanadium oxide, layered vanadate, Prussian blue analogues, ammonium metavanadate, and MXene nanosheets; The negative electrode material ink includes one or more of zinc powder, zinc flakes, and MXene nanosheets; Preferably, the MXene nanosheet is Ti3C2T x 、Ti2CT x 、Ti4N3T x 、Ti3CNT x 、Cr2TiC2T x 、Mo2CT x 、Mo2TiC2T x 、Mo2Ti2C3T x 、Nb2CT x or V2CT x The lateral size of the MXene nanosheet is 100 nm to 10 μm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In step 3, the electrolyte layer ink includes a polymerizable monomer, a cross-linking agent, a photoinitiator, and conductive salt ions, or further includes an ionic liquid and / or deionized water; The polymerizable monomer is one or more of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate; The cross-linking agent is one or more of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate and dihydroxyethylidenebisacrylamide; The ionic liquid is one or more of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate; The photoinitiator is one or more of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone (I1173), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (I184) and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)sulfonylmethane (I651).

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In steps 1 to 3, the printing temperature is 0-200° C.; the printing speed is 0.1-20 mm / s; and the printing path is one or more of orthogonal, parallel, spiral, triangular, rectangular, and polygonal.

9. An adaptive programmable deformable battery obtained by the preparation method as claimed in claim 1.

10. The application of the adaptive programmable deformable battery according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the adaptive programmable deformable battery is heated or irradiated with light, the adaptive programmable deformable battery can achieve reversible or programmable deformation, and the deformation is bending, twisting, folding, moving or curling; Preferably, the light source of the light irradiation is one or more of 808nm near-infrared light, sunlight, incandescent light, LED light and xenon lamp; The heating is to raise the temperature to above the lowest critical temperature at which the hydrogel in the hydrogel driving layer undergoes a sol-gel reversible phase transition.

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