Antenna structure and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna structure and electronic equipment, and the antenna structure comprises a first antenna unit which comprises a first antenna radiator and a first feeding point; the second antenna unit comprises a second antenna radiating body and a second feeding point, the second antenna radiating body is connected with the first antenna radiating body, and the connecting point of the second antenna radiating body and the first antenna radiating body is grounded; a preset included angle is formed between the second antenna radiator and the first antenna radiator, and the first feeding point and the second feeding point are connected through a decoupling circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] In wireless communication systems, antenna isolation is a key metric for determining the ability of different antennas to prevent signal interference. It is typically defined as the power attenuation (in dB) between two antennas. Antenna isolation directly impacts the performance, reliability, and spectral efficiency of communication systems, making it a core parameter for antenna design, multi-antenna system deployment, and electromagnetic compatibility optimization.

[0003] In order to reduce the coupling energy between the two antennas and improve the antenna isolation between the two antennas, the antenna isolation is improved by increasing the distance between the antennas in the related art. However, increasing the distance between the antennas is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the electronic device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure and an electronic device, which can solve the problem in the related art that increasing the spacing between antennas to improve antenna isolation is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the electronic device.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure, comprising:

[0007] a first antenna unit, the first antenna unit comprising a first antenna radiator and a first feeding point;

[0008] A second antenna unit, the second antenna unit includes a second antenna radiator and a second feeding point, the second antenna radiator is connected to the first antenna radiator, and the connection point between the second antenna radiator and the first antenna radiator is grounded, the second antenna radiator is set at a preset angle to the first antenna radiator, and the first feeding point and the second feeding point are connected through a decoupling circuit.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna structure described in the first aspect.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure includes: a first antenna unit, the first antenna unit including a first antenna radiator and a first feed point; a second antenna unit, the second antenna unit including a second antenna radiator and a second feed point, the second antenna radiator being connected to the first antenna radiator, the connection point between the second antenna radiator and the first antenna radiator being grounded, the second antenna radiator being arranged at a preset angle to the first antenna radiator, and the first feed point and the second feed point being connected via a decoupling circuit. Thus, the decoupling circuit can improve isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and the second antenna radiator being connected to the first antenna radiator at a preset angle to the first antenna radiator can reduce the length of the decoupling trace between the first feed point and the second feed point, thereby reducing the impact of trace loss on antenna performance. Furthermore, the arrangement of the second antenna radiator at a preset angle to the first antenna radiator can facilitate miniaturization of the electronic device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0013] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the common and differential mode current distribution of a wire antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the common and differential mode current distribution of a slot antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of common-differential mode impedance cancellation of a wire antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 5a This is one of the common-differential mode impedance control schematics provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 5b This is the second schematic diagram of regulating common-differential mode impedance provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 6a This is a third schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 6b This is a fourth schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 7aThis is the fifth schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 7b This is the sixth schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 8a This is one of the common-differential mode impedance diagrams provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0023] Figure 8b This is the second common-differential mode impedance diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8c This is a third common-differential mode impedance diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 8d This is the fourth common-differential mode impedance diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of radiation efficiency provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of isolation provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly refer to one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected entities, and the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the connected entities.

[0030] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean internal communication between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific circumstances.

[0032] The antenna structure and electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below through specific embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure, which includes:

[0034] A first antenna unit 10, comprising a first antenna radiator 101 and a first feeding point 102;

[0035] The second antenna unit 20 includes a second antenna radiator 201 and a second feeding point 202. The second antenna radiator 201 is connected to the first antenna radiator 101, and the connection point between the second antenna radiator 201 and the first antenna radiator 101 is grounded. The second antenna radiator 201 and the first antenna radiator 101 are set at a preset angle. The first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202 are connected through a decoupling circuit 30.

[0036] The first antenna radiator 101 is connected to the first feeding point 102 ; the second antenna radiator 201 is connected to the second feeding point 202 .

[0037] In one embodiment, the first antenna radiator 101 is connected to the matching network of the first antenna unit 10 via the first feeding point 102. The matching network of the first antenna unit 10 can be used for impedance matching between the first antenna unit 10 and the motherboard.

[0038] In one embodiment, the second antenna radiator 201 is connected to the matching network of the second antenna unit 20 via the second feeding point 202. The matching network of the second antenna unit 20 can be used for impedance matching between the second antenna unit 20 and the motherboard.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, antenna radiators (e.g., first antenna radiator 101 and second antenna radiator 201) can be used to transmit or receive antenna signals. The antenna radiators are connected to a feed point. For example, the antenna radiators receive antenna signals from the feed point and radiate them outward; alternatively, the antenna radiators receive antenna signals from the outside and return them from the feed point to the mainboard of the electronic device.

[0040] In addition, the feeding point (such as the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202) can also be called the antenna input point, which is the intersection between the antenna and the RF transmission line (ie, the feed line), that is, the location where the feeding energy is transmitted from the feed line to the antenna.

[0041] In one embodiment, a connection point between the second antenna radiator 201 and the first antenna radiator 101 is grounded via a capacitor.

[0042] The preset angle may be greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees. For example, the preset angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.

[0043] In addition, the first antenna unit 10 can be arranged on a first side of the electronic device, and the second antenna unit 20 can be arranged on a second side of the electronic device, where the first side and the second side are adjacent to each other. It is understood that the antenna structure can be arranged at a corner formed by any two adjacent sides of the electronic device.

[0044] In addition, the antenna structure can be implemented by a metal middle frame of an electronic device, that is, the metal middle frame of the electronic device includes the antenna structure.

[0045] For example, Figure 2 As shown, the first antenna radiator 101 can be an AC segment radiator, the second antenna radiator 201 can be a CE segment radiator, the position of the first feeding point 102 can be at the location of point B, the position of the second feeding point 202 can be at the location of point D, and the connection point between the second antenna radiator 201 and the first antenna radiator 101 is at the location of point C.

[0046] It should be noted that the decoupling circuit 30 can be used to make the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 meet preset conditions. For example, the decoupling circuit 30 may include a first inductor, and the first feeding point 102 is connected to the second feeding point 202 through the first inductor; or, the decoupling circuit 30 may include a capacitor, and the first feeding point 102 is connected to the second feeding point 202 through the capacitor; or, the decoupling circuit 30 can also be other decoupling structures. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation of the decoupling circuit 30.

[0047] It should be noted that for the one-dimensional structure of the antenna of electronic equipment (such as mobile phones), there are four typical modes: the common mode (CM) of the wire antenna, the differential mode (DM) of the wire antenna, the common mode of the slot antenna, and the differential mode of the slot antenna. Its current distribution is as follows Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown in the figure, from a current perspective, the common-mode and differential-mode currents of the antenna always flow in opposite directions on one side of the antenna. Because common-mode current and differential-mode current are orthogonal, the total current in the antenna can be split into the sum of the common-mode current and the differential-mode current. When the common-mode impedance and differential-mode impedance are equal, the excitation amplitudes of the common-mode and differential-mode currents are consistent. At this point, the common-mode and differential-mode currents cancel each other out on one side of the antenna, achieving galvanic isolation between the two antennas and improving isolation.

[0048] Take wire antenna as an example, Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when antenna Ant1 is excited, it simultaneously generates common-mode and differential-mode currents. The currents in these two modes flow in opposite directions on the antenna Ant2 side. Without special treatment, the different amplitudes of the two modes prevent the currents on Ant2 from completely canceling out, and energy from Ant1's feed port flows into Ant2, resulting in poor isolation. By adjusting the common-mode and differential-mode impedances to be consistent, the amplitudes of the common-mode and differential-mode currents become equal, and the currents on Ant2 cancel each other out. Energy from Ant1's feed port cannot flow into Ant2, resulting in improved isolation. The same principle applies to slot antennas and will not be further explained.

[0049] It's important to note that when isolation is improved, common-mode and differential-mode currents cancel each other out, effectively reducing the antenna's radiation aperture. In other words, if the original antenna utilizes the more efficient common-mode and differential-mode currents, then after isolation optimization, its radiation aperture will shrink, and radiation efficiency will decrease.

[0050] According to the current distribution characteristics of the common and differential modes, the impedance of the common and differential modes can be independently controlled. Taking the wire antenna as an example, Figure 5a and Figure 5bAs shown, by adjusting the return capacitor 2 and inductor, the common-mode impedance can be independently controlled without affecting the differential-mode impedance. By adjusting the capacitor 1 and inductor connected between the two antennas, the differential-mode impedance can be independently controlled without affecting the common-mode impedance. The same principle applies to the slot antenna and will not be further explained.

[0051] Using this design principle, by checking the common-mode and differential-mode impedances of the two antennas and adjusting them to be consistent, the isolation between the two antennas can be significantly improved.

[0052] The embodiment of the present application designs a decoupling circuit 30 to solve the problem of antenna isolation in the related art by utilizing the theory of common-mode impedance and differential-mode impedance to adjust antenna isolation, and the decoupling circuit 30 hardly affects the original antenna performance.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure includes: a first antenna unit 10, the first antenna unit 10 includes a first antenna radiator 101 and a first feeding point 102; a second antenna unit 20, the second antenna unit 20 includes a second antenna radiator 201 and a second feeding point 202, the second antenna radiator 201 is connected to the first antenna radiator 101, and the connection point between the second antenna radiator 201 and the first antenna radiator 101 is grounded, the second antenna radiator 201 is set at a preset angle to the first antenna radiator 101, and the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202 are connected through a decoupling circuit 30. In this way, the isolation between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 can be improved through the decoupling circuit 30, and the second antenna radiator 201 is connected to the first antenna radiator 101, and the second antenna radiator 201 and the first antenna radiator 101 are set at a preset angle, which can reduce the decoupling trace length between the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202, thereby reducing the impact of trace loss on antenna performance; and by setting the second antenna radiator 201 and the first antenna radiator 101 at a preset angle, it can be beneficial to the miniaturization design of electronic equipment.

[0054] Optionally, the decoupling circuit 30 includes a first inductor, and the first feeding point 102 is connected to the second feeding point 202 via the first inductor.

[0055] In this embodiment, the decoupling circuit 30 includes a first inductor, and the first feeding point 102 is connected to the second feeding point 202 through the first inductor. By adding an inductor to the decoupling trace between the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202, the antenna isolation can be improved, and the resonance between the capacitor and the trace inductance when using the capacitor for decoupling adjustment can be avoided, thereby affecting the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0056] Optionally, the decoupling circuit 30 is configured to ensure that the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 meet a preset condition.

[0057] Among them, the preset conditions may include: the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 is equal to the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20; or, the difference between the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 is less than a preset value.

[0058] In this embodiment, the decoupling circuit 30 is used to make the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 meet preset conditions, so that the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 can be adjusted by reasonably setting the decoupling circuit 30, so that the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 meet preset conditions, thereby improving the antenna isolation.

[0059] Optionally, a routing distance between the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202 through the decoupling circuit 30 satisfies the following condition:

[0060] less than one quarter wavelength of the first frequency;

[0061] greater than one-eighth of the wavelength of the first frequency;

[0062] The length of the first antenna radiator 101 is one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency, and the length of the second antenna radiator 201 is greater than or equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency;

[0063] The first frequency is determined based on a first frequency band. The operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 10 includes the first frequency band, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 20 includes the first frequency band.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the first frequency is determined based on the first frequency band, which may mean that the first frequency is determined based on a frequency value in the first frequency band. For example, when the first frequency band includes only one frequency value, the first frequency may be the first frequency band; when the first frequency band includes multiple frequency values, the first frequency may be the maximum value of the first frequency band, the minimum value of the first frequency band, or the middle value of the first frequency band, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0065] For example, the first frequency band may be a WiFi 2.4 frequency band.

[0066] In this embodiment, by setting the routing distance between the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202 through the decoupling circuit 30 to be less than one-quarter wavelength of the first frequency and greater than one-eighth wavelength of the first frequency, the decoupling circuit 30 can be set between the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202 to better improve the antenna isolation and avoid the decoupling routing being too long to reduce the radiation performance of the antenna.

[0067] Alternatively, as Figure 6a As shown, the antenna structure further includes a third antenna unit 40, and the third antenna unit 40 is a parasitic antenna of the first antenna unit 10;

[0068] and / or,

[0069] The antenna structure further includes a fourth antenna unit 50 , which is a parasitic antenna of the second antenna unit 20 .

[0070] It can be understood that the third antenna unit 40 acts as a parasitic antenna of the first antenna unit 10. When the first antenna radiator 101 is fed, the first antenna unit 10 will form a changing electromagnetic field around it. Since the third antenna unit 40 is in the same electromagnetic field environment, it will induce current according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. These induced currents will generate their own electromagnetic fields, which interact with the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna unit 10, thereby enhancing or optimizing the radiation characteristics of the entire antenna system.

[0071] Similarly, the fourth antenna unit 50 acts as a parasitic antenna of the second antenna unit 20. When the second antenna radiator 201 is fed, the second antenna unit 20 will form a changing electromagnetic field around it. Since the fourth antenna unit 50 is in the same electromagnetic field environment, it will induce current according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. These induced currents will generate their own electromagnetic fields, which interact with the electromagnetic field generated by the second antenna unit 20, thereby enhancing or optimizing the radiation characteristics of the entire antenna system.

[0072] In this embodiment, the antenna structure further includes a third antenna unit 40, which is a parasitic antenna of the first antenna unit 10. The third antenna unit 40 can expand the frequency band supported by the electronic device, thereby improving the communication performance of the electronic device.

[0073] In this embodiment, the antenna structure further includes a fourth antenna unit 50, which is a parasitic antenna of the second antenna unit 20. The fourth antenna unit 50 can expand the frequency band supported by the electronic device, thereby improving the communication performance of the electronic device.

[0074] Optionally, the third antenna unit 40 includes a third antenna radiator 401, and the length of the third antenna radiator 401 is less than a quarter wavelength of the first frequency;

[0075] and / or,

[0076] The fourth antenna unit 50 includes a fourth antenna radiator 501, and the length of the fourth antenna radiator 501 is less than a quarter wavelength of the first frequency;

[0077] The first frequency is determined based on a first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 10 includes the first frequency band, and / or the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 20 includes the first frequency band.

[0078] For example, Figure 6a As shown, the third antenna radiator 401 may be an IH segment radiator, and the fourth antenna radiator 501 may be an FG segment radiator.

[0079] In this embodiment, the third antenna unit 40 includes a third antenna radiator 401, and the length of the third antenna radiator 401 is less than one-quarter wavelength of the first frequency, so that the operating frequency of the third antenna unit 40 is higher than the operating frequency of the first antenna unit 10, which can reduce the impact of adding the third antenna unit 40 on the radiation performance of the first antenna unit 10.

[0080] In this embodiment, the fourth antenna unit 50 includes a fourth antenna radiator 501, and the length of the fourth antenna radiator 501 is less than one-quarter wavelength of the first frequency, so that the operating frequency of the fourth antenna unit 50 is higher than the operating frequency of the second antenna unit 20, which can reduce the impact of adding the fourth antenna unit 50 on the radiation performance of the second antenna unit 20.

[0081] Alternatively, as Figure 6b As shown, a first return point 103 is provided between the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 and the first feeding point 102. The first return point 103 is grounded via a capacitor 104. The first end of the first antenna radiator 101 is the end of the first antenna radiator 101 away from the connection point.

[0082] and / or,

[0083] A second return point 203 is provided between the first end of the second antenna radiator 201 and the second feeding point 202. The second return point 203 is grounded through a capacitor 204. The first end of the second antenna radiator 201 is the end of the second antenna radiator 201 away from the connection point.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present application, the return point (such as the first return point and the second return point) may refer to a point used to connect to the ground.

[0085] For example, Figure 6b As shown, the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 can be the end at point A, and the position of the first return point can be the position of point a. The first end of the second antenna radiator 201 can be the end at point E, and the position of the second return point can be the position of point b.

[0086] In this embodiment, a first return point is provided between the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 and the first feeding point 102. The first return point is grounded through a capacitor, and the antenna isolation between the first antenna unit 10 and the third antenna unit 40 can be improved through the capacitor on the return line of the first antenna unit 10.

[0087] In this embodiment, a second return point is provided between the first end of the second antenna radiator 201 and the second feeding point 202. The second return point is grounded through a capacitor, and the antenna isolation between the second antenna unit 20 and the fourth antenna unit 50 can be improved through the capacitor on the return line of the second antenna unit 20.

[0088] Alternatively, as Figure 6b As shown, the third antenna unit 40 includes a third return point 402, and the third return point 402 is grounded via a capacitor 403;

[0089] and / or,

[0090] The fourth antenna unit 50 includes a fourth return point 502 , and the fourth return point 502 is grounded via a capacitor 503 .

[0091] For example, Figure 6b As shown, the location of the third round of points may be the location of point C. The location of the fourth round of points may be the location of point D.

[0092] In this embodiment, the third antenna unit 40 includes a third return point, which is grounded through a capacitor. The capacitor on the return line of the third antenna unit 40 can improve the antenna isolation between the first antenna unit 10 and the third antenna unit 40.

[0093] In this embodiment, the fourth antenna unit 50 includes a fourth return point, which is grounded via a capacitor. The capacitance on the return line of the second antenna unit 20 can improve the antenna isolation between the second antenna unit 20 and the fourth antenna unit 50.

[0094] Optionally, the first feeding point 102 is located between the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 and the connection point, and the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 is an end of the first antenna radiator 101 away from the connection point;

[0095] and / or,

[0096] The second feeding point 202 is located between the first end of the second antenna radiator 201 and the connection point. The first end of the second antenna radiator 201 is an end of the second antenna radiator 201 away from the connection point.

[0097] In one embodiment, the first feeding point 102 can be set close to the connection point. For example, the first feeding point 102 is located at one-third of the distance between the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 and the connection point, and the first feeding point 102 is set close to the connection point.

[0098] In one embodiment, the second feeding point 202 can be set close to the connection point. For example, the second feeding point 202 is located at one-third of the distance between the first end of the second antenna radiator 201 and the connection point, and the second feeding point 202 is set close to the connection point.

[0099] In this embodiment, the first feeding point 102 is located between the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 and the connection point, and / or the second feeding point 202 is located between the first end of the second antenna radiator 201 and the connection point. Thus, by properly arranging the feeding points, it is possible to improve antenna isolation through the decoupling circuit 30 between the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202.

[0100] Optionally, the decoupling circuit 30 is configured to ensure that the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 meet a preset condition in a first frequency band;

[0101] The length of the first antenna radiator 101 is one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency, and the length of the second antenna radiator 201 is greater than one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency;

[0102] The first frequency is determined based on the first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 10 includes the first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 20 includes the first frequency band and a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is lower than the first frequency band.

[0103] For example, the first frequency band may be a WiFi 2.4 frequency band, and the second frequency band may be a Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 frequency band.

[0104] In this embodiment, by setting the length of the first antenna radiator 101 to one-quarter the wavelength of the first frequency and the length of the second antenna radiator 201 to be greater than one-quarter the wavelength of the first frequency, the first antenna unit 10 can have better antenna radiation performance when operating in the first frequency band, and the second antenna unit 20 can have better antenna radiation performance when operating in both the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0105] Alternatively, as Figure 6b As shown, the first feeding point 102 is connected to the matching network 105 of the first antenna unit 10 through a band-stop filter circuit 106, and the band-stop filter circuit 106 is a band-stop filter circuit for the second frequency band.

[0106] The band-stop filter circuit is a band-stop filter circuit for the second frequency band, which may mean that the band-stop filter circuit is used to filter out signals within the second frequency band.

[0107] In this embodiment, the first feeding point 102 is connected to the matching network of the first antenna unit 10 through a band-stop filter circuit, so that the antenna isolation between the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 in the second frequency band can be improved through the band-stop filter circuit.

[0108] Alternatively, as Figure 7a As shown, the first antenna unit 10 further includes a fifth antenna radiator 107, and the fifth antenna radiator 107 is arranged on the side where the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 is located, and the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 is the end of the first antenna radiator 101 away from the connection point;

[0109] and / or,

[0110] like Figure 7b As shown, the second antenna unit 20 also includes a sixth antenna radiator 205, which is arranged on the side where the first end of the second antenna radiator 201 is located. The first end of the second antenna radiator 201 is the end of the second antenna radiator 201 away from the connection point.

[0111] It can be understood that the fifth antenna radiator 107 can serve as a parasitic element of the first antenna unit 10. When the first antenna radiator 101 is fed, the first antenna radiator 101 will form a changing electromagnetic field around it, and the fifth antenna radiator 107, since it is in the same electromagnetic field environment, will induce current according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. These induced currents will generate their own electromagnetic fields, which interact with the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna radiator 101, thereby enhancing or optimizing the radiation characteristics of the first antenna unit 10.

[0112] It can be understood that the sixth antenna radiator 205 can serve as a parasitic element of the second antenna unit 20. When the second antenna radiator 201 is fed, the second antenna radiator 201 will form a changing electromagnetic field around it. Since the sixth antenna radiator 205 is in the same electromagnetic field environment, it will induce current according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. These induced currents will generate their own electromagnetic fields, which interact with the electromagnetic field generated by the second antenna radiator 201, thereby enhancing or optimizing the radiation characteristics of the second antenna unit 20.

[0113] For example, Figure 7a and Figure 7b As shown, the fifth antenna radiator 107 may be an IH segment radiator, and the sixth antenna radiator 205 may be an FG segment radiator.

[0114] In this embodiment, the first antenna unit 10 also includes a fifth antenna radiator 107, and the fifth antenna radiator 107 is arranged on the side where the first end of the first antenna radiator 101 is located, so that the frequency band supported by the first antenna unit 10 can be expanded through the fifth antenna radiator 107, thereby improving the performance of the first antenna unit 10.

[0115] In this embodiment, the second antenna unit 20 also includes a sixth antenna radiator, which is arranged on the side where the first end of the second antenna radiator 201 is located, so that the frequency band supported by the second antenna unit 20 can be expanded through the sixth antenna radiator, thereby improving the performance of the second antenna unit 20.

[0116] Optionally, the preset angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.

[0117] In this embodiment, setting the preset angle to be greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees can further reduce the decoupling trace length between the first feeding point 102 and the second feeding point 202, thereby reducing the impact of trace loss on antenna performance.

[0118] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0119] Optionally, the first antenna unit 10 is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, and the second antenna unit 20 is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, where the first side and the second side are adjacent to each other.

[0120] It should be noted that multi-antenna technologies (such as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Massive MIMO) are at the core of 5G / 6G communications, but close antenna spacing or improper layout can lead to mutual coupling, causing signal crosstalk between antennas. When isolation is insufficient, the strong signal from the transmitting antenna will directly couple to the receiving antenna, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and even causing a decrease in receiver sensitivity. Electronic devices (such as smartphones) often integrate multiple communication modules (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular network modules), which need to share multi-band antennas within a limited space. If isolation is insufficient, antennas in different frequency bands may generate intermodulation interference through near-field coupling or harmonic radiation. For example, insufficient isolation between the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network antenna and the GPS antenna can cause the navigation signal to be drowned out. Therefore, designing isolation between antennas in electronic devices is both difficult and critical.

[0121] In related technologies, an effective way to improve isolation in a small form factor is to add a neutralization line between the two antennas to offset the coupling energy between them. However, this requires precise control of the neutralization line phase, which makes broadband design difficult and makes it difficult to accommodate multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, its poor stability makes it difficult to implement in actual production. Therefore, in the antenna design of electronic devices (such as smartphones), the isolation between the two antennas is mostly improved by increasing the spacing between the antennas or adding a ground return structure. However, as the number of antennas in electronic devices increases, this solution is increasingly difficult to meet design requirements.

[0122] The embodiment of the present application designs a decoupling structure through the common-differential mode theory to solve the problem of antenna isolation in the related art, and the decoupling structure hardly affects the original antenna performance.

[0123] In an embodiment of the present application, a T-antenna is designed at the corner of an electronic device (such as a smartphone) to reduce the distance between the two antenna tongues, thereby shortening the length of the decoupling trace connecting the two tongues, and reducing the impact of trace loss on antenna performance; and, by reasonably designing the feeding point and size of the antenna and adjusting the common-differential mode impedance, adding inductance to the decoupling trace can improve isolation, and solve the problem of resonance generated by the capacitor and the trace inductance when using capacitor adjustment, thereby affecting the antenna radiation efficiency; in addition, the improved isolation means a smaller aperture, and through the narrowband high isolation design, the antenna can achieve high isolation in the required frequency band and high radiation efficiency in other frequency bands.

[0124] The following is explained through several embodiments:

[0125] Example 1:

[0126] Taking electronic equipment as a terminal as an example, the antenna structure is as follows Figure 2 As shown. The antenna is implemented through the metal middle frame of the terminal device. The two antennas are located back-to-back at the corners of the terminal device and are connected to the ground at point C through a metal connection to the device base. The operating frequency bands of the two antennas Ant1 and Ant2 are: Ant1: WiFi2.4, Ant2: WiFi2.4, GPS L1. The AC length is one-quarter wavelength of the WiFi2.4 operating frequency band, and the CE length is slightly longer than one-quarter wavelength of the WiFi2.4 operating frequency band. Feed points B and D are connected by traces on the printed circuit board (PCB) after passing through the shrapnel. Inductors are reserved on the traces to adjust the isolation between the two antennas. The rear trace is connected to the RF end after passing through the matching network.

[0127] Because PCB traces are long and inherently act as inductors, adding capacitors to these traces to adjust differential-mode impedance can easily cause LC resonance. Poor PCB trace clearance leads to weak radiation capability, and resonance in these traces can severely reduce antenna radiation efficiency, manifesting as a significant efficiency dip in a radiation efficiency vs. frequency graph. This embodiment uses inductors to adjust differential-mode impedance, avoiding this phenomenon and enhancing feasibility.

[0128] The specific positions of the feeding positions B and D need to consider the positions of the common-mode and differential-mode impedances. In order to ensure that the jumper inductor between B and D can improve the isolation, the routing distance between the feeding points B and D can be less than a quarter wavelength of wifi2.4 and greater than one-eighth wavelength of wifi2.4. The B and D feeding points are close to the return point C, which is equivalent to the parallel inductance. The impedance position will move upward. The positions of the feeding points B and D can be fine-tuned through experiments to ensure that the common-mode impedance of wifi2.4 is between the first and second quadrants, and the differential-mode impedance is in the first quadrant. After the jumper inductor is connected between the feeding points B and D, the common-mode and differential-mode impedances of wifi2.4 are close, and the isolation is improved. The initial impedance circle and the common-mode and differential-mode impedance circle with the jumper inductor added are shown as follows: Figures 8a to 8d shown. Figure 8a is the differential mode (DM) impedance circle diagram of the initial impedance; Figure 8b is the common mode (CM) impedance circle diagram of the initial impedance; Figure 8c The differential mode (DM) impedance circle diagram for adding cross-inductance; Figure 8d The common mode (CM) impedance circle diagram for adding cross-inductance.

[0129] If the return point C completely isolates the current of Ant 1 and Ant 2, then Ant 2GPS L1 is a 1 / 4 inverted-F antenna (IFA) mode, and the aperture used is the CE segment. After adjusting the common and differential mode impedances through the coupling line, Figures 8a to 8d As can be seen from the impedance diagram, the common-mode impedance is only equal at wifi2.4, but there is a large difference at GPS L1, indicating that the return point C has very weak current blocking, and the GPS L1 current will be distributed throughout the ACE segment. By adjusting the common-mode impedance to improve isolation, the antenna current will cancel each other out. When the isolation is poor, the CE and CA currents will not cancel each other out, so GPS L1 can utilize the entire ACE segment. When Ant 1 is grounded or suspended, and the radiation efficiency of Ant 2 is compared, it can be seen that the radiation efficiency of Ant 2 is more than 1dB higher when Ant 1 is suspended than when Ant 1 is grounded, indicating that the CA segment contributes to the radiation efficiency of Ant 2. Figure 9 As shown. In the Wifi2.4 frequency band, Ant 1 uses the AC segment and Ant 2 uses the CE segment. The current distribution is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0130] Since Ant1 does not have the GPS L1 frequency band, a band-stop structure can be added to the matching network to improve the GPS L1 isolation between the two antennas. The final S parameters after matching are as follows: Figure 10 As shown. Figure 10 It can be seen that when the two antennas are back-to-back and the metal ground connection material is 2mm wide, the isolation in the working frequency band is better than -10, among which the isolation of WiFi2.4 is better than -15, which meets the design requirements.

[0131] It's understandable that the added coupling structure between feed points B and D affects radiation efficiency by changing the radiation pattern and by reducing PCB trace loss. The coupling structure can improve radiation efficiency (as in the GPS L1 band in this embodiment). PCB trace loss depends on trace length; for traces less than 15 mm, the loss in this embodiment is less than 0.5 dB.

[0132] In this embodiment, a T-antenna is designed at the corner of the terminal device to reduce the distance between the two antenna tongues, thereby shortening the length of the decoupling trace connecting the two tongues, reducing the impact of the trace loss on the antenna performance, and GPS wifi2.4 can better excite the floor mode at the corner and have better radiation efficiency; the isolation is improved by decoupling the trace jumper inductor, which can solve the problem of resonance generated by the capacitor and the trace inductance when using capacitor adjustment, thereby affecting the antenna radiation efficiency, and has strong feasibility; in addition, through the narrowband high isolation design, the antenna can achieve high isolation in wifi2.4, and fully utilize the radiation aperture to achieve high radiation efficiency in the GPS L1 frequency band.

[0133] Example 2:

[0134] On the basis of the first embodiment, parasitic antennas can be added on both sides of the antenna of the first embodiment. Figure 6a and Figure 7a As shown in the figure, the lengths of the antenna IH and FG should not exceed a quarter wavelength of the Wi-Fi 2.4 operating frequency band. For example, the N78 and Wi-Fi 5G frequency bands can be added to antennas Ant3 and Ant4.

[0135] Compared with the first embodiment, a parasitic tongue is added at point E, and point E is grounded through a capacitor. For example, the capacitance can be set to a capacitance between 0.3pF and 0.5pF. The capacitance value can meet the grounding requirements of the Ant4 working frequency band, while having little impact on the original Ant2 antenna. Similarly, for Ant3, a parasitic tongue is added at point A, and point A is grounded through a capacitor. The capacitance value can be set to meet the grounding requirements of the Ant3 working frequency band, while having little impact on the original Ant1 antenna. The specific structure is as follows Figure 6a As shown, the specific design method and effect are consistent with those of embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0136] It is understandable that based on the above solution, antenna Ant3 can be omitted and the frequency band of antenna Ant3 can be merged into Ant1 to obtain a more streamlined design. In this case, the length of antenna HI can be set to be less than a quarter wavelength of wif5G. The jumper inductor on the coupling trace between feeding points B and D can be set as close to feeding point B as possible. The inductor has a cutting effect on high frequencies and can ensure that the length of the coupling trace is much less than a quarter wavelength of the frequency band N78 and wifi5G. The specific structure is as follows Figure 7a shown.

[0137] In this embodiment, a T-antenna is designed at the corner of the terminal device to reduce the distance between the two antenna tongues, thereby shortening the length of the decoupling trace connecting the two tongues, and reducing the impact of trace loss on antenna performance; the isolation is improved by decoupling the trace jumper inductor, which can solve the problem of resonance generated by the capacitor and the trace inductance when using capacitor adjustment, thereby affecting the antenna radiation efficiency, and has strong feasibility; in addition, through the narrowband high isolation design, the antenna can achieve high isolation in WiFi2.4 and fully utilize the radiation aperture to achieve high radiation efficiency in the GPS L1 band; the antenna structure of this embodiment is highly compact, and on the basis of solving the WiFi2.4 isolation problem, it incorporates multiple high-frequency bands, which can improve the space utilization of the terminal device.

[0138] It should be noted that the above embodiment only uses the Wifi2.4 and GPS L1 frequency bands as examples. The operating frequency bands of the terminal device are not limited to the Wifi2.4 and GPS L1 in the embodiment, and the position of the antenna is not limited to the upper left corner of the terminal device, and can also be set in other positions.

[0139] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "optionally," "one embodiment," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0140] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that: The antenna structure comprises: A first antenna unit (10), the first antenna unit (10) comprising a first antenna radiator (101) and a first feeding point (102); A second antenna unit (20), the second antenna unit (20) comprising a second antenna radiator (201) and a second feeding point (202), the second antenna radiator (201) being connected to the first antenna radiator (101), and the connection point between the second antenna radiator (201) and the first antenna radiator (101) being grounded, the second antenna radiator (201) and the first antenna radiator (101) being arranged at a preset angle, and the first feeding point (102) and the second feeding point (202) being connected via a decoupling circuit (30).

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The decoupling circuit (30) includes a first inductor, and the first feeding point (102) is connected to the second feeding point (202) via the first inductor.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The decoupling circuit (30) is used to ensure that the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit (10) and the second antenna unit (20) and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit (10) and the second antenna unit (20) meet a preset condition.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The routing distance between the first feeding point (102) and the second feeding point (202) through the decoupling circuit (30) satisfies the following conditions: less than one quarter wavelength of the first frequency; greater than one-eighth of the wavelength of the first frequency; The length of the first antenna radiator (101) is one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency, and the length of the second antenna radiator (201) is greater than or equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency; The first frequency is determined based on a first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit (10) includes the first frequency band, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit (20) includes the first frequency band.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna structure further comprises a third antenna unit (40), wherein the third antenna unit (40) is a parasitic antenna of the first antenna unit (10); and / or, The antenna structure further comprises a fourth antenna unit (50), and the fourth antenna unit (50) is a parasitic antenna of the second antenna unit (20).

6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The third antenna unit (40) comprises a third antenna radiator (401), wherein the length of the third antenna radiator (401) is less than a quarter wavelength of the first frequency; and / or, The fourth antenna unit (50) comprises a fourth antenna radiator (501), wherein the length of the fourth antenna radiator (501) is less than a quarter wavelength of the first frequency; The first frequency is determined based on a first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit (10) includes the first frequency band, and / or the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit (20) includes the first frequency band.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first return point (103) is provided between the first end of the first antenna radiator (101) and the first feeding point (102), the first return point (103) being grounded via a capacitor (104), and the first end of the first antenna radiator (101) being an end of the first antenna radiator (101) away from the connection point; and / or, A second return point (203) is provided between the first end of the second antenna radiator (201) and the second feeding point (202), the second return point being grounded via a capacitor (204), and the first end of the second antenna radiator (201) being an end of the second antenna radiator (201) away from the connection point.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The third antenna unit (40) includes a third return point (402), and the third return point (402) is grounded via a capacitor (403); and / or, The fourth antenna unit (50) comprises a fourth return point (502), and the fourth return point (502) is grounded via a capacitor (503).

9. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first feeding point (102) is located between the first end of the first antenna radiator (101) and the connection point, and the first end of the first antenna radiator (101) is an end of the first antenna radiator (101) away from the connection point; and / or, The second feeding point (202) is located between the first end of the second antenna radiator (201) and the connection point, and the first end of the second antenna radiator (201) is an end of the second antenna radiator (201) away from the connection point.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The decoupling circuit (30) is used to ensure that the differential mode impedance between the first antenna unit (10) and the second antenna unit (20) and the common mode impedance between the first antenna unit (10) and the second antenna unit (20) meet a preset condition in a first frequency band; The length of the first antenna radiator (101) is one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency, and the length of the second antenna radiator (201) is greater than one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency; The first frequency is determined based on the first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit (10) includes the first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit (20) includes the first frequency band and a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is lower than the first frequency band.

11. The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first feeding point (102) is connected to the matching network (105) of the first antenna unit (10) via a band-stop filter circuit (106), and the band-stop filter circuit (106) is a band-stop filter circuit for the second frequency band.

12. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first antenna unit (10) further comprises a fifth antenna radiator (107), the fifth antenna radiator (107) being arranged on a side where the first end of the first antenna radiator (101) is located, the first end of the first antenna radiator (101) being an end of the first antenna radiator (101) away from the connection point; and / or, The second antenna unit (20) further includes a sixth antenna radiator (205), and the sixth antenna radiator (205) is arranged on a side where the first end of the second antenna radiator (201) is located, and the first end of the second antenna radiator (201) is an end of the second antenna radiator (201) away from the connection point.

13. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The preset angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.

14. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises the antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. The electronic device according to claim 14, characterized in that The first antenna unit (10) is arranged on a first side of the electronic device, and the second antenna unit (20) is arranged on a second side of the electronic device, wherein the first side and the second side are adjacent to each other.

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