Electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system capacity configuration method considering hydrogen energy equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrothermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system capacity configuration method considering hydrogen energy equipment, and relates to the technical field of capacity configuration. Determining a power constraint condition of the hydrogen fuel cell and a power constraint condition of the electrolytic cell according to the mechanism models of the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system; establishing a target function of the electrothermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system by taking the minimum investment cost, energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost, operation cost and carbon transaction cost as a target; and according to the objective function and the power constraint condition, constructing a capacity optimization configuration model of the electrothermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system, and solving the capacity optimization configuration model to obtain a capacity configuration scheme of the electrothermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system. According to the method, the accurate capacity configuration scheme of the electrothermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of capacity configuration, and in particular to a capacity configuration method for an electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system taking hydrogen energy equipment into consideration. Background Art

[0002] Currently, clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy systems have become a key research focus. As an ideal secondary energy carrier, hydrogen energy is considered a key technology for achieving deep decarbonization due to its high energy density, zero pollution from combustion products, and efficient conversion with electricity. Especially in the context of large-scale grid connection of renewable energy, hydrogen production through water electrolysis can achieve the spatiotemporal transfer of renewable energy, effectively solving the intermittent and volatile issues of wind and solar power generation. However, the high investment cost of hydrogen energy systems restricts their large-scale application. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct research on the optimal configuration of the capacity of integrated electric, thermal, and hydrogen energy systems.

[0003] However, existing research still has shortcomings in terms of system capacity configuration. Existing capacity optimization and configuration studies often use linearized or lumped parameter models. In particular, the variable operating characteristics of hydrogen energy equipment are overly simplified, failing to reflect the energy conversion efficiency under different conditions. They also ignore the fact that the output power of equipment in actual operation is affected by multiple factors. As a result, there is a deviation between the obtained simulation experimental data and the actual operating data, resulting in high operating costs for the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a capacity configuration method for an electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system that takes hydrogen energy equipment into consideration in order to address the above technical issues.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for configuring the capacity of an electric, thermal, and hydrogen integrated energy system taking into account hydrogen energy equipment, comprising: Based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, as well as the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer, are determined respectively; Determine the power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and determine the power constraint of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the electrical power consumption of the electrolyzer; Establish the objective function of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing investment cost, energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost, operating cost and carbon trading cost; According to the objective function and power constraints, a capacity optimization configuration model of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system is constructed, and the capacity optimization configuration model is solved to obtain the capacity configuration plan of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system.

[0006] Optionally, determining the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell based on a mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system includes: Based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the hydrogen fuel cell is simulated to obtain the curves of the output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell varying with the current density at different temperatures, as well as the curves of the output electrical power varying with the current density; The curves of output thermal power varying with current density and the curves of output electric power varying with current density at the same temperature are integrated to obtain curves of output electric power varying with output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell at different temperatures. The curves of output electric power varying with output thermal power are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0007] Optionally, the power constraint condition of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, including: For any temperature, the curve of output electric power versus output thermal power is segmented to obtain curves of output electric power versus output thermal power in multiple intervals; The output thermal power and the corresponding output electrical power on each interval curve are fitted to obtain the nonlinear relationship between the output electrical power and the output thermal power in multiple intervals; According to the nonlinear relationship between the output electric power and the output thermal power in multiple intervals at different temperatures, the upper and lower bound function relationship of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined; The power constraint condition of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined according to the upper and lower bound functional relationship of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0008] Optionally, the power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell is: ; in, Hydrogen fuel cells The output power at the moment, is the lower bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, that is, the hydrogen fuel cell The lower bound of the output power at time , is the upper bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, indicating that the hydrogen fuel cell The upper bound of the output power at time , Hydrogen fuel cells Output thermal power at the moment, and are the parameters in the lower bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell. and These are all parameters in the upper bound function relationship of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0009] Optionally, according to a mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, a nonlinear relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer is determined, including: Based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the electrolyzer is simulated to obtain curves showing the change of power consumption and hydrogen production over time at different temperatures. The curves of power consumption changing with time and the curves of hydrogen production power changing with time at the same temperature are integrated respectively to obtain the curves of hydrogen production power changing with power consumption of the electrolyzer at different temperatures; the curves of hydrogen production power changing with power consumption are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0010] Optionally, the power constraint condition of the electrolyzer is determined based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer, including: The maximum value and the minimum value of the power consumption of the electrolytic cell at all temperatures are respectively determined as the maximum power consumption and the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell; For any temperature, the curve of hydrogen production power versus power consumption is segmented to obtain curves of hydrogen production power versus power consumption in multiple intervals; The hydrogen production power and the corresponding power consumption on each interval curve are fitted respectively to obtain the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption in multiple intervals; According to the nonlinear relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption in multiple intervals at different temperatures, the upper and lower bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is determined; The power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer are determined based on the upper and lower bound functional relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer and the maximum power consumption and the minimum power consumption.

[0011] Optionally, the power constraint of the electrolyzer is: ; in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The hydrogen production power at each moment, The lower bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The lower bound of hydrogen production power at time The upper bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The upper bound of hydrogen production power at time Indicates that the electrolytic cell is Power consumption at all times, Indicates the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the maximum power consumption of the electrolytic cell.

[0012] Optionally, the constraints of the capacity optimization configuration model further include: capacity constraints, cogeneration constraints, wind power constraints, electrolyzer constraints, hydrogen fuel cell constraints, methane generator constraints, gas boiler constraints, energy storage device constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, gas power balance constraints, and hydrogen power balance constraints; Capacity constraints: ; in, 、 and Represent the capacity of hydrogen storage equipment, electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell respectively, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the electrolytic cell, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell; Cogeneration constraints: ; in, represents the energy conversion efficiency of the cogeneration unit, and They represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of the cogeneration unit, and They represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the cogeneration unit respectively. and They represent the minimum heat-to-electricity ratio and the maximum heat-to-electricity ratio of the cogeneration unit, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment, and Represents the combined heat and power units in The output electrical power and output thermal power at the moment, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment; Wind power constraints: ; in, and Respectively Actual wind power output and predicted wind power output at the moment; Electrolyzer Constraints: ; in, and Respectively represent the electrolytic cell Moment and Power consumption at all times, and Indicates the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the electrolyzer; Hydrogen fuel cell constraints: ; in, Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen consumption at each moment, and They represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively. and Represent the minimum climbing power and maximum climbing power respectively, Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen consumption at each moment; Methane generator constraints: ; in, represents the energy conversion efficiency of the methane generator, and Indicates that the methane generator is Gas production power and hydrogen consumption power at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum hydrogen consumption power and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator, Indicates that the methane generator is Hydrogen consumption at each moment, and They represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the methane generator respectively; Gas boiler constraints: ; in, Indicates the energy conversion efficiency of the gas boiler, and Respectively represent the gas boiler in Gas consumption and heat output at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum gas consumption power and maximum gas consumption power of the gas boiler, Indicates that the gas boiler is Gas consumption at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the gas boiler; Energy storage equipment constraints: ; in, and Respectively represent the energy storage devices in The charging power and discharging power at each moment, x They represent electricity storage equipment, heat storage equipment, gas storage equipment and hydrogen storage equipment respectively. and Respectively The charging and releasing signs at each moment, and Represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency respectively, Indicates the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device. express Energy storage power at the moment, Indicates the rated power of the energy storage device, express The capacity of the energy storage device at any moment, express The capacity of the energy storage device at any moment, Indicates the rated capacity of the energy storage device, represents the initial capacity of the energy storage device, Indicates that the energy storage device is T The capacity of time, Indicates the minimum capacity of the energy storage device, Indicates the maximum capacity of the energy storage device; Electric power balance constraints: ; in, express The power purchased at the time, Indicates the maximum purchased power, express The electrical load at the moment, express The charging power of the energy storage device at all times, Hydrogen fuel cells Output power at the moment; Thermal power balance constraints: ; in, Hydrogen fuel cells Output thermal power at the moment, express The heat load at the moment, express Charging power of the heat storage device at all times; Gas power balance constraints: ; in, express Gas purchasing power at the moment, Indicates the maximum gas purchasing power, express The gas load at the time, express The charging power of the gas storage device at all times; Hydrogen power balance constraints: ; in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The hydrogen production power at each moment, express The charging power of the hydrogen storage device at any moment.

[0013] Optionally, the objective function is: ; in, represents the investment cost, Indicates the equipment operating cost, represents the cost of purchased energy, represents the cost of wind curtailment, represents the tiered carbon trading cost; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; in, Represented as hydrogen energy storage investment cost, electrolyzer investment cost and hydrogen fuel cell investment cost, Expressed as the equipment discount rate, Indicates the service life of the hydrogen storage equipment, represents the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen storage equipment, Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment, Indicates the service life of the electrolytic cell, represents the unit capacity investment cost of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the capacity of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen fuel cells, Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the operating cost coefficient of hydrogen energy equipment, Indicates that hydrogen energy equipment Operating power at all times, and Represent the unit price of electricity and the unit price of gas respectively, and Respectively expressed in The electricity and gas purchase power at the moment, represents the unit wind curtailment cost, Indicates The actual wind power at the moment, Indicates The wind power forecast at the moment, Represents the benchmark price for carbon trading, represents the length of the carbon emission interval, represents the price growth rate, Represents the carbon trading volume.

[0014] Optionally, the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell is: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; in, Represents the output electrical power of a single hydrogen fuel cell, Represents the output thermal power of a single hydrogen fuel cell, represents the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions, represents the activation / electrochemical polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the ohmic polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, Indicates the concentration polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell; and are the Faraday constant and the gas constant, and are operating temperature and reference temperature respectively, and are the hydrogen partial pressure in the anode channel and the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel, respectively; and are the oxygen concentration at the cathode catalyst interface and the external current of the hydrogen fuel cell, are the model coefficients based on experimental data, and are resistivity and film thickness, respectively, is the effective area of ​​the membrane, is the duty factor, is the current density, Indicates the maximum current density; The mechanism model of the electrolytic cell is: ; ; ; ; ; ; in, represents the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer, represents the Faraday efficiency, is the Faraday efficiency coefficient, is the number of electrolytic cells; is the external current of the electrolyzer, represents the number of electrons transferred in the reaction, and is the ohmic resistivity of the electrolyte, is the effective area of ​​the membrane, is the electrode overvoltage coefficient, is the operating temperature of the electrolyzer; Indicates the working voltage of the electrolytic cell, represents the reversible voltage of the electrolytic cell, represents the ohmic voltage of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the polarization voltage of the electrolytic cell; represents the Gibbs free energy, Represents the empirical coefficient.

[0015] The present invention provides a device for configuring the capacity of an electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system taking hydrogen energy equipment into consideration, comprising: The first determination module is used to determine the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer, according to the mechanism model of the electrolyzer and the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system; a second determination module, configured to determine a power constraint condition of the hydrogen fuel cell based on a nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and to determine a power constraint condition of the electrolyzer based on a nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the electrical power consumption of the electrolyzer; Establish a module to establish the objective function of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing investment cost, energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost, operating cost and carbon trading cost; The solution module is used to construct a capacity optimization configuration model of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system based on the objective function and power constraints, and solve the capacity optimization configuration model to obtain a capacity configuration plan for the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system.

[0016] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for configuring the capacity of an electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system taking into account hydrogen energy equipment.

[0017] The present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the method for configuring the capacity of an electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system taking into account hydrogen energy equipment is implemented.

[0018] At least one of the above technical solutions adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: Based on the basic architecture of the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system, a detailed analysis is carried out on the mechanism models of the hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyzer of the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system. Starting from the mechanism model, the mathematical relationship between the thermoelectric power output of the hydrogen fuel cell and the input and output power of the electrolyzer is sorted out respectively, so as to determine the power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power constraints of the electrolyzer, laying a theoretical foundation for the subsequent optimization configuration modeling and operation strategy research, so as to obtain a more accurate capacity configuration plan for the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for configuring the capacity of an electric, thermal, and hydrogen integrated energy system taking into account hydrogen energy equipment provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A structural diagram of an electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment provided by the present invention; Figure 3 is a graph showing the change of output thermal power with current density; Figure 4is a graph showing the output power changing with current density; Figure 5 The voltage change curve at different temperatures; Figure 6 This is a graph showing the change of hydrogen production power with power consumption at different temperatures; Figure 7 The power balance diagrams of various devices in the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system are shown in Figure 1, where (a) is the electric power balance diagram, (b) is the thermal power balance diagram, (c) is the gas load power balance diagram, and (d) is the hydrogen power balance diagram. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a computer device provided by the present invention for implementing a capacity configuration method for an electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system taking into account hydrogen energy equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Integrated Energy Systems (IES) can significantly improve energy efficiency and affordability through multi-energy complementarity and coordinated optimization. Researchers at home and abroad have made systematic progress in IES capacity configuration, laying an important theoretical foundation for the optimal design of coupled electric, thermal, and hydrogen systems. At the optimization method level, research has transcended the limitations of traditional single economic objectives and gradually established a multi-objective coordinated optimization approach, focusing on key indicators such as system lifecycle costs, carbon emission intensity, and renewable energy absorption rates. In terms of uncertainty management, stochastic programming and robust optimization have become mainstream approaches. For example, a two-stage stochastic programming model combining scenario generation using the Wasserstein distance and distributed robust optimization has effectively improved the system's ability to cope with renewable energy fluctuations. In studying the mechanisms of multi-energy flow coupling, researchers have improved traditional energy hub models, proposed a coupling matrix method that considers spatiotemporal characteristics, and established a topological model that can describe energy quality conversion relationships. In terms of system architecture design, the introduction of hydrogen energy systems has provided new research perspectives for IES, such as innovative solutions such as cross-seasonal energy storage through hydrogen energy storage systems and improving overall energy efficiency through combined heat and power units.

[0022] However, despite the aforementioned progress in system capacity configuration, existing research still has shortcomings in modeling. Existing capacity optimization and configuration studies often use linearized or lumped parameter models. In particular, the variable operating characteristics of hydrogen energy equipment are overly simplified, failing to reflect the energy conversion efficiency under different conditions. They also ignore the fact that the output power of equipment in actual operation is affected by multiple factors. Consequently, there is a deviation between the simulated experimental data and the actual operating data, making it difficult for capacity configuration plans and scheduling strategies to adapt to changes in actual operation.

[0023] Specifically, in terms of modeling accuracy: In existing technologies, the variable operating characteristics of hydrogen energy equipment are overly simplified, such as the quasi-static efficiency curve of the electrolyzer (EL), the constant heat-to-electricity ratio assumption of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), or only considering the output power relationship of the equipment at a single temperature. This simplification ignores the fact that the output power of the equipment in actual operation is affected by multiple factors and cannot accurately reflect the performance changes of the equipment under different operating conditions. As a result, the capacity configuration plan and scheduling strategy are difficult to adapt to changes in actual operation. Through refined modeling, the present invention can more realistically reflect the operating characteristics of the equipment and improve the adaptability and accuracy of capacity configuration and scheduling strategies.

[0024] Regarding optimization objectives: While existing technologies have made some progress in optimization methods, some solutions still primarily focus on a single economic objective or consider only a few key indicators. However, considering only a single objective or a subset of indicators is no longer sufficient to meet the development needs of integrated energy systems. The present invention's optimization objectives are more comprehensive, comprehensively considering multiple key indicators such as the system's full lifecycle cost, carbon emission intensity, and renewable energy absorption rate. This allows for better coordinated optimization of the system's economic efficiency, environmental friendliness, and renewable energy utilization efficiency.

[0025] The technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for configuring the capacity of an electric, thermal, and hydrogen integrated energy system taking into account hydrogen energy equipment in the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps: S101, based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, respectively determine the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the electrical power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2This diagram illustrates the structure of an integrated electric, thermal, and hydrogen energy system that incorporates hydrogen energy equipment. The system includes the power grid, wind turbines, gas grid, energy storage, electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen storage, methane reactors (MRs), combined heat and power (CHPs), gas boilers (GBs), gas storage, heat storage, a carbon trading market, and energy consumption units. This system combines clean energy sources like wind power and hydrogen with traditional energy sources like natural gas, ensuring a diverse and stable energy supply. The inclusion of hydrogen is a key difference from traditional integrated energy systems. In terms of electricity, the system can purchase electricity from the upstream power grid, generate wind turbines, and generate electricity from hydrogen fuel cells and CHP to meet the EL's electricity consumption, hydrogen production, and electrical load needs. Meanwhile, the energy storage device can be flexibly supplemented through charging and discharging. In terms of thermal energy, the system can utilize the heat released by the hydrogen fuel cells and CHP power generation, as well as the heat released by the GB, to meet the thermal load needs. Thermal storage is also configured for this purpose. In terms of gas energy, the system can purchase gas from the upstream gas grid and generate gas from the MR to meet the gas load, CHP, and GB's gas needs. Gas storage is also configured for this purpose. In terms of hydrogen production, the system can produce hydrogen within the EL through methods such as water electrolysis. For hydrogen energy utilization, the EL-generated hydrogen can be further converted into natural gas through the MR for supply to the GB and CHP, or directly converted into electricity and heat using the PEMFC. This improves energy efficiency and achieves clean energy utilization. Furthermore, the system is equipped with electrical, thermal, gas, and hydrogen storage, enabling it to store energy during periods of low demand and release it during peak demand, effectively balancing various loads. In particular, the application of hydrogen energy storage technology provides the system with long-term, high-density energy storage capabilities.

[0028] In the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system, mechanism modeling is performed on hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers, while traditional modeling methods are adopted for the remaining equipment.

[0029] The mechanism model of hydrogen fuel cells specifically includes: In actual operation, hydrogen fuel cells will produce a series of irreversible voltage losses, which makes the actual output voltage of the battery unable to reach the ideal value. These irreversible voltage losses are also called polarization voltages, which are mainly divided into three types: activation / electrochemical polarization voltage , Ohmic polarization voltage and concentration polarization voltage ; Output voltage of hydrogen fuel cell The expression is: (1); in, represents the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions, represents the activation / electrochemical polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the ohmic polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, Represents the concentration polarization voltage of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0030] According to the changes in Nernst voltage and Gibbs free energy, the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions (pressure: 100KPa, concentration: 1 mol / L, temperature: 298.15K) It can be expressed as follows: (2); in, and are the Faraday constant and the gas constant, and are the operating temperature and the reference temperature respectively. and are the hydrogen partial pressure in the anode channel and the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel, respectively.

[0031] The expression for voltage loss is as follows: (3); (4); (5); in, and are the oxygen concentration at the cathode catalyst interface and the external current of the hydrogen fuel cell, are the model coefficients based on experimental data, and are resistivity and film thickness, respectively, is the effective area of ​​the membrane, is the duty factor, is the current density, Indicates the maximum current density.

[0032] It can be determined from Henry's law: (6); in, represents the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel, represents the hydrogen partial pressure in the anode channel.

[0033] The expression is as follows: (7); in, Represents the resistivity correlation coefficient.

[0034] The thermoelectric output power of the system can be calculated by the following formula: (8); (9); in, Represents the output electrical power of a single hydrogen fuel cell, Represents the output thermal power of a single hydrogen fuel cell.

[0035] The electrolytic cell mechanism model specifically includes: As a technology for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, the mechanism modeling of alkaline electrolyzer is of great significance for understanding and optimizing the performance of hydrogen production system. Based on the basic principles of electrochemistry and the laws of thermodynamics, a complete mechanism model of alkaline electrolyzer is established, which can accurately describe the operating characteristics of the electrolyzer under different working conditions. By reversible voltage , ohm voltage and polarization voltage It consists of three parts: (10); (11); (12); (13); in, Indicates the working voltage of the electrolytic cell, represents the reversible voltage of the electrolytic cell, represents the ohmic voltage of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the polarization voltage of the electrolytic cell; represents the Gibbs free energy, represents the empirical coefficient, is the external current of the electrolyzer, represents the number of electrons transferred in the reaction, and is the ohmic resistivity of the electrolyte, is the effective area of ​​the membrane, is the electrode overvoltage coefficient, is the operating temperature of the electrolyzer.

[0036] The hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer is: (14); (15); in, represents the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer, represents the Faraday efficiency, is the Faraday efficiency coefficient, is the number of electrolytic cells.

[0037] In one embodiment, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system, including: simulating the hydrogen fuel cell based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system to obtain a curve of the output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell varying with current density at different temperatures, and a curve of the output electric power varying with current density; integrating the curve of the output thermal power varying with current density and the curve of the output electric power varying with current density at the same temperature to obtain a curve of the output electric power varying with output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell at different temperatures; the curve of the output electric power varying with output thermal power is used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0038] During the PEMFC power supply process, the output voltage of the battery stack will produce voltage differences as the operating state changes, which will affect the quality and stability of the power supply and may even shorten the life of the electrical equipment. From the above formula, it can be seen that the operating temperature and external current have a particularly significant impact on the output power of the battery stack. According to formulas (1)-(9), the PEMFC mechanism model built on the Simulink simulation platform is simulated and analyzed. The external current density is set to increase linearly from 0 to 1.4. The relationship curve between the current density and the output thermoelectric power of the PEMFC at different temperatures is obtained by simulation, as shown in the figure below: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 is a graph showing the change of output thermal power with current density, Figure 4 The curve of output power changing with current density is shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 、 4 The horizontal axis of Figure 3 and Figure 4 Merge processing to Figure 3 The thermal power is the horizontal axis, Figure 4 The curve of the output electric power of the PEMFC hydrogen fuel cell changing with the output thermal power at different temperatures is obtained with the electric power as the vertical axis.

[0039] Depend on Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that when the operating temperature remains constant, the PEMFC's thermal power output shows a trend of increasing with increasing external current. However, its electrical power output does not continue to increase linearly with increasing current. Instead, there is a peak value, that is, the output power first increases to a maximum and then gradually decreases with increasing external current. Further longitudinal analysis shows that when the external current remains constant, the PEMFC's thermal power output decreases with increasing operating temperature, while the electrical power output increases with increasing operating temperature.

[0040] In one embodiment, the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer is determined based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system, including: simulating the electrolyzer according to the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system to obtain curves of the power consumption of the electrolyzer varying with time at different temperatures, and curves of the hydrogen production power varying with time; integrating the curves of the power consumption varying with time and the curves of the hydrogen production power varying with time at the same temperature to obtain curves of the hydrogen production power varying with power consumption of the electrolyzer at different temperatures; the curves of the hydrogen production power varying with power consumption are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0041] Based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer, a graph of the working voltage change of the electrolyzer at different temperatures and a graph of the relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption at different temperatures are drawn, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 5 The voltage change curve at different temperatures is shown in the figure. Figure 6 This is a graph showing the change of hydrogen production power with power consumption at different temperatures. It should be noted that power consumption is the working voltage of the electrolyzer. With external current The product of hydrogen production power is the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer and Gibbs free energy The product of .

[0042] As can be seen from the above, the input-output characteristics of the electrolyzer are nonlinear, so the nonlinear model needs to be linearized to improve solution efficiency. When the operating temperature of the PEMFC is between 70℃ and 90℃, and the operating temperature of the EL is between 60℃ and 90℃, the power curve corresponding to each operating temperature is within the envelope with 70℃-90℃ / 60℃-90℃ as the upper and lower bounds.

[0043] S102, determining the power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and determining the power constraint of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the electrical power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0044] In one embodiment, the power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell, including: for any temperature, segmenting the curve of the output electric power varying with the output thermal power to obtain curves of the output electric power varying with the output thermal power in multiple intervals; fitting the output thermal power and the corresponding output electric power on each interval curve respectively to obtain nonlinear relationship expressions of the output electric power varying with the output thermal power in multiple intervals; determining the upper and lower bound functional relationship expressions of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the nonlinear relationship expressions of the output electric power varying with the output thermal power in multiple intervals at different temperatures; and determining the power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the upper and lower bound functional relationship expressions of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0045] The least square method is used to fit the output thermal power and the corresponding output electrical power on each interval curve, and the nonlinear relationship between the output electrical power and the output thermal power in multiple intervals is obtained.

[0046] The PEMFC operating range is appropriately divided into several equal or unequal regions. The least squares method is used to fit the power data curves within these regions, so that the fitted curves are smoothly connected in each region. In this way, at a given temperature, the power relationship within the operating range can be expressed as: (16); in, and Represents the relationship coefficient of the power function of the hydrogen fuel cell in the xth interval when the temperature is T, represents the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell when the temperature is T in the xth interval, represents the output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the xth interval, and Indicates the starting point of the segment of the xth interval.

[0047] At the same time, the two power upper and lower bound curves are piecewise linearized, and the power relationship within the working range can be derived as follows: (17); (18); in, represents the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, Indicates the lower power limit of the fuel cell's output power at the lowest operating temperature. Indicates the upper limit of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell at the lowest operating temperature. Indicates the x The output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell within a certain range.

[0048] The power constraint condition is that the actual power operating point of the hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyzer must be within the operable area. For the fuel cell, the thermoelectric power meets the requirement that the electric power is greater than the power at 70°C when the thermal power is constant. , less than 90℃ For the electrolyzer, the electric hydrogen power satisfies the requirement that when the electric power is constant, the hydrogen power is greater than that at 60℃. , less than 90℃ .

[0049] Therefore, the power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell is: (19); in, Hydrogen fuel cells The output power at the moment, is the lower bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, that is, the hydrogen fuel cell The lower bound of the output power at time , is the upper bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, indicating that the hydrogen fuel cell The upper bound of the output power at time , Hydrogen fuel cells Output thermal power at the moment, and are the parameters in the lower bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell. and These are all parameters in the upper bound function relationship of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0050] In one embodiment, the power constraint of the electrolyzer is determined based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer, including: determining the maximum and minimum values ​​of the power consumption of the electrolyzer at all temperatures as the maximum power consumption and minimum power consumption of the electrolyzer, respectively; for any temperature, segmenting the curve of the change of hydrogen production power with power consumption to obtain curves of the change of hydrogen production power with power consumption in multiple intervals; fitting the hydrogen production power and the corresponding power consumption on each interval curve to obtain nonlinear relationship expressions of the change of hydrogen production power with power consumption in multiple intervals; determining the upper and lower bound functional relationship expressions of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationship expressions of the change of hydrogen production power with power consumption in multiple intervals at different temperatures; and determining the power constraint of the electrolyzer based on the upper and lower bound functional relationship expressions of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer and the maximum power consumption and the minimum power consumption.

[0051] The method of determining the power constraint condition of the electrolyzer in this embodiment is the same as the method of determining the power constraint condition of the hydrogen fuel cell described above, and is not limited in this embodiment.

[0052] Optionally, the power constraint of the electrolyzer is: (20); in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The hydrogen production power at each moment, The lower bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The lower bound of hydrogen production power at time The upper bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The upper bound of hydrogen production power at time Indicates that the electrolytic cell is Power consumption at all times, Indicates the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the maximum power consumption of the electrolytic cell.

[0053] S103, establish the objective function of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing investment cost, energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost, operating cost and carbon trading cost.

[0054] In one embodiment, the objective function is: (twenty one); in, represents the investment cost, Indicates the equipment operating cost, represents the cost of purchased energy, represents the cost of wind curtailment, represents the tiered carbon trading cost; Investment costs Including hydrogen storage investment costs , electrolytic cell investment cost and hydrogen fuel cell investment costs , specifically: (twenty two); (twenty three); (twenty four); (25); The remaining costs can be expressed as: (26); (27); (28); (29); in, They are respectively expressed as hydrogen energy storage investment cost, electrolyzer investment cost and hydrogen fuel cell investment cost, Expressed as the equipment discount rate, Indicates the service life of the hydrogen storage equipment, represents the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen storage equipment, Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment, Indicates the service life of the electrolytic cell, represents the unit capacity investment cost of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the capacity of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen fuel cells, Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the operating cost coefficient of hydrogen energy equipment, Indicates that hydrogen energy equipment Operating power at all times, and Represent the unit price of electricity and the unit price of gas respectively, and Respectively expressed in The electricity and gas purchase power at the moment, represents the unit wind curtailment cost, Indicates The actual wind power at the moment, Indicates The wind power forecast at the moment, Represents the benchmark price for carbon trading, represents the length of the carbon emission interval, represents the price growth rate, Represents the carbon trading volume.

[0055] S104: Based on the objective function and power constraints, a capacity optimization configuration model of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system is constructed, and the capacity optimization configuration model is solved to obtain a capacity configuration plan for the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system.

[0056] It should be noted that the constraints of the capacity optimization configuration model also include: capacity constraints, cogeneration constraints, wind power constraints, electrolyzer constraints, hydrogen fuel cell constraints, methane generator constraints, gas boiler constraints, energy storage equipment constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, gas power balance constraints and hydrogen power balance constraints.

[0057] Capacity constraints: (30); in, 、 and Represent the capacity of hydrogen storage equipment, electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell respectively, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the electrolytic cell, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0058] Cogeneration constraints: (31); in, represents the energy conversion efficiency of the cogeneration unit, and They represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of the cogeneration unit, and They represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the cogeneration unit respectively. and They represent the minimum heat-to-electricity ratio and the maximum heat-to-electricity ratio of the cogeneration unit, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment, and Represents the combined heat and power units in The output electrical power and output thermal power at the moment, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at all times.

[0059] Wind power constraints: (32); in, and Respectively The actual wind power output and predicted wind power output at the moment.

[0060] Electrolyzer Constraints: (33); in, and Respectively represent the electrolytic cell Moment and Power consumption at all times, and Indicates the minimum and maximum ramp power of the electrolyzer.

[0061] Hydrogen fuel cell constraints: (34); in, Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen consumption at each moment, and They represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively. and Represent the minimum climbing power and maximum climbing power respectively, Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen consumption at each moment.

[0062] Methane generator constraints: (35); in, represents the energy conversion efficiency of the methane generator, and Indicates that the methane generator is Gas production power and hydrogen consumption power at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum hydrogen consumption power and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator, Indicates that the methane generator is Hydrogen consumption at each moment, and They represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the methane generator respectively.

[0063] Gas boiler constraints: (36); in, Indicates the energy conversion efficiency of the gas boiler, and Respectively represent the gas boiler in Gas consumption and heat output at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum gas consumption power and maximum gas consumption power of the gas boiler, Indicates that the gas boiler is Gas consumption at each moment, and They represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the gas boiler respectively.

[0064] Energy storage equipment constraints: (37); in, and Respectively represent the energy storage devices in The charging power and discharging power at each moment,x They represent electricity storage equipment, heat storage equipment, gas storage equipment and hydrogen storage equipment respectively. and Respectively The charging and releasing signs at each moment, and Represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency respectively, Indicates the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device. express Energy storage power at the moment, Indicates the rated power of the energy storage device, express The capacity of the energy storage device at any moment, express The capacity of the energy storage device at any moment, Indicates the rated capacity of the energy storage device, represents the initial capacity of the energy storage device, Indicates that the energy storage device is T The capacity of time, Indicates the minimum capacity of the energy storage device, Indicates the maximum capacity of the energy storage device.

[0065] Electric power balance constraints: (38); in, express The power purchased at the time, express The maximum power purchase at the moment, express The electrical load at the moment, express The charging power of the energy storage device at all times, Hydrogen fuel cells The output power at the moment.

[0066] Thermal power balance constraints: (39); in, Hydrogen fuel cells Output thermal power at the moment, express The heat load at the moment, express The charging power of the heat storage device at all times.

[0067] Gas power balance constraints: (40); in, express Gas purchasing power at the moment, express The maximum gas purchasing power at the moment, express The gas load at the time, express The charging power of the gas storage device at any moment.

[0068] Hydrogen power balance constraints: (41); in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The hydrogen production power at each moment, express The charging power of the hydrogen storage device at any moment.

[0069] Specifically, based on the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, with the minimum investment cost, energy purchase cost, operating cost, wind curtailment cost, and carbon emission cost as the objective function, and with equations (19), (20), and (30)-(41) as constraints, a capacity optimization configuration model for the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system considering the refined modeling of hydrogen energy equipment was established. Then, based on the MATLAB simulation platform, the capacity optimization configuration model was solved by calling the GUROBI solver using Yalmip. The configuration capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment, EL, and PEMFC, as well as the processing status of all the equipment in the system, were obtained. The capacity configuration schemes of the three types of equipment are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Capacity configuration schemes for three types of equipment

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7Figure 1 shows the power balance diagrams for the various devices in the electric, thermal, and hydrogen integrated energy system. (a) shows the electric power balance diagram, (b) shows the thermal power balance diagram, (c) shows the gas load power balance diagram, and (d) shows the hydrogen power balance diagram. The electric power balance diagram shows that when the PEMFC's variable thermal power characteristics are taken into account, the system purchases very little electricity from the upstream power grid. This is due, in part, to the system's full absorption of renewable energy, and in part, to the CHP and PEMFC output adjustments during periods of low wind power, increasing the electric power output. The thermal power balance diagram shows that the system primarily relies on the PEMFC and CHP, with only a small amount of GB and thermal storage equipment required to supplement it at rare times. The hydrogen power balance diagram shows that the system feeds surplus wind power into the EL device for hydrogen production. Some of the hydrogen energy is directly supplied to the PEMFC for cogeneration, some is stored in the hydrogen storage device as backup energy, and some is transported to the MR for natural gas synthesis. Since hydrogen energy is synthesized into natural gas by the MR and then transported to the GB and CHP for energy supply, it undergoes multiple energy conversion stages, resulting in energy losses. However, the PEMFC's hydrogen-based thermal power generation is highly efficient and eliminates an intermediate energy conversion step. Therefore, hydrogen energy is preferentially transported to the PEMFC for thermal power generation, with a small amount of hydrogen being transported to the MR. The gas load power balance diagram also shows that natural gas consumption for the gas load, CHP, and GB is primarily met through purchased gas. Since the thermal load reduces reliance on the GB, the cost of purchased natural gas is reduced.

[0071] Compared with the previous solution that used a fixed value to describe the energy conversion efficiency of the equipment, the present invention has significantly improved economic and environmental benefits. As shown in Table 2, Table 2 compares the cost of the present invention method with the existing method.

[0072] Table 2 Cost comparison results between the method of the present invention and the existing method

[0073] Table 2 shows that the proposed method demonstrates significant advantages in both total cost and individual component costs. The total cost is 4.2564 million yuan, a 32.3% reduction compared to the 6.2808 million yuan of the previous solution, demonstrating outstanding economic benefits. Specifically, the investment cost is 127,000 yuan, significantly lower than previous solutions, demonstrating a more efficient initial investment. The operating cost is 3,400 yuan, significantly lower than previous solutions, demonstrating significant advantages in optimizing system operation and enabling flexible adjustment of the power output of each device. Energy purchase costs are also reduced, demonstrating a more optimized energy utilization or procurement strategy. The introduction of a tiered carbon trading mechanism better constrains the carbon emissions of each device. Furthermore, the wind curtailment cost is zero for both solutions, indicating sufficient energy utilization and no waste. Overall, the proposed method significantly outperforms previous solutions both economically and technically, particularly with its outstanding optimization of operating costs and carbon trading costs, making it highly valuable for promotion. Furthermore, its potential environmental benefits are consistent with the trend of green development. Future research will further validate its environmental impact with specific carbon emission data.

[0074] In one embodiment, the present invention first studies the working principles of the energy conversion equipment and energy storage devices in the system based on the basic architecture of the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system, establishes mathematical models of wind turbines, cogeneration, gas boilers, electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, electricity storage devices, heat storage devices, gas storage devices and hydrogen storage devices, focuses on a detailed analysis of the main mechanisms and working modes of PEMFC and EL hydrogen energy systems, and sorts out the mathematical relationship between the PEMFC output thermoelectric power and the EL input and output power based on the mechanism model, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent optimization configuration modeling and operation strategy research. Then, according to the system energy structure, the investment cost, energy purchase cost, operation cost, wind curtailment cost and carbon emission cost are selected as the minimum objective function, and an electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system capacity optimization configuration model considering the refined modeling of hydrogen energy equipment is established; finally, based on the proposed operation control strategy, the model is simulated and verified, and the differences and similarities between the results of the capacity optimization configuration method under the optimization configuration strategy proposed in this article and the traditional simplified model are compared and analyzed, verifying the importance of improving the refined model that fully considers the equipment in system optimization. The method of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Improve the accuracy of equipment modeling: Starting from the mechanism model of the equipment, the variable operating characteristics of the hydrogen energy equipment are carefully portrayed so that it can more realistically reflect the performance changes of the equipment under different operating conditions and significantly reduce the deviation between the simulation experimental data and the actual operating data.

[0075] (2) Achieve multi-objective collaborative optimization: Comprehensively consider multiple key indicators such as the system's full life cycle cost, carbon emissions, and renewable energy absorption rate, and build a multi-objective collaborative optimization model to achieve comprehensive optimization of the system's economy, environmental friendliness, and renewable energy utilization efficiency.

[0076] (3) Innovative system architecture design: Through optimized design, the advantages of the hydrogen energy system can be fully utilized to further improve the overall performance and economy of the system, providing technical support for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

[0077] When applying the capacity configuration method of the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment provided by the present invention, it is not necessary to Figure 1 The steps are executed in the order shown. The specific execution order of the steps can be determined according to needs, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0078] The above is a method for configuring the capacity of an electric, thermal, and hydrogen integrated energy system taking hydrogen energy equipment into consideration, provided in one or more embodiments of the present invention. Based on the same idea, the present invention also provides a corresponding device for configuring the capacity of an electric, thermal, and hydrogen integrated energy system taking hydrogen energy equipment into consideration, the device comprising: The first determination module is used to determine the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer, according to the mechanism model of the electrolyzer and the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system; a second determination module, configured to determine a power constraint condition of the hydrogen fuel cell based on a nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and to determine a power constraint condition of the electrolyzer based on a nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the electrical power consumption of the electrolyzer; Establish a module to establish the objective function of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing investment cost, energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost, operating cost and carbon trading cost; The solution module is used to construct a capacity optimization configuration model of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system based on the objective function and power constraints, and solve the capacity optimization configuration model to obtain a capacity configuration plan for the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system.

[0079] Regarding the specific definition of the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system capacity configuration device considering hydrogen energy equipment, please refer to the definition of the electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system capacity configuration method considering hydrogen energy equipment above, which will not be repeated here. Each module in the above-mentioned electric thermal hydrogen integrated energy system capacity configuration device considering hydrogen energy equipment can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware and a combination thereof. The above-mentioned modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in the memory of the computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to the above modules.

[0080] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, which can be used to execute the above Figure 1A capacity configuration method for an electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment is provided.

[0081] The present invention also provides Figure 8 The structural diagram of the computer equipment shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, at the hardware level, the computer device includes a processor, an internal bus, a network interface, a memory, and a non-volatile memory. Of course, it may also include other hardware required for the business. The processor reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory into the memory and then runs it to achieve the above Figure 1 A capacity configuration method for an electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment is provided.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware using a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes in the above-described method embodiments. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other media used in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, or optical storage. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0083] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for configuring the capacity of an electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment, characterized in that: include: Based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, as well as the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer, are determined respectively; Determine the power constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and determine the power constraint of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the electrical power consumption of the electrolyzer; Establish the objective function of the electric, thermal and hydrogen integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing investment cost, energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost, operating cost and carbon trading cost; According to the objective function and the power constraints of hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers, a capacity optimization configuration model of the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system is constructed, and the capacity optimization configuration model is solved to obtain the capacity configuration plan of the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined, including: Based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the hydrogen fuel cell is simulated to obtain the curves of the output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell varying with the current density at different temperatures, as well as the curves of the output electrical power varying with the current density; The curves of output thermal power varying with current density and the curves of output electric power varying with current density at the same temperature are integrated to obtain curves of output electric power varying with output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell at different temperatures. The curves of output electric power varying with output thermal power are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined, including: For any temperature, the curve of output electric power versus output thermal power is segmented to obtain curves of output electric power versus output thermal power in multiple intervals; The output thermal power and the corresponding output electrical power on each interval curve are fitted to obtain the nonlinear relationship between the output electrical power and the output thermal power in multiple intervals; According to the nonlinear relationship between the output electric power and the output thermal power in multiple intervals at different temperatures, the upper and lower bound function relationship of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined; The power constraint condition of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined according to the upper and lower bound functional relationship of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The power constraints of hydrogen fuel cells are: ； in, Hydrogen fuel cells The output power at the moment, is the lower bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, that is, the hydrogen fuel cell The lower bound of the output power at time , is the upper bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, indicating that the hydrogen fuel cell The upper bound of the output power at time , Hydrogen fuel cells Output thermal power at the moment, and are the parameters in the lower bound function of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell. and These are all parameters in the upper bound function relationship of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer is determined, including: Based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the electrolyzer is simulated to obtain curves showing the change of power consumption and hydrogen production over time at different temperatures. The curves of power consumption changing with time and the curves of hydrogen production power changing with time at the same temperature are integrated respectively to obtain the curves of hydrogen production power changing with power consumption of the electrolyzer at different temperatures; the curves of hydrogen production power changing with power consumption are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer, the power constraints of the electrolyzer are determined, including: The maximum value and the minimum value of the power consumption of the electrolytic cell at all temperatures are respectively determined as the maximum power consumption and the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell; For any temperature, the curve of hydrogen production power versus power consumption is segmented to obtain curves of hydrogen production power versus power consumption in multiple intervals; The hydrogen production power and the corresponding power consumption on each interval curve are fitted respectively to obtain the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption in multiple intervals; According to the nonlinear relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption in multiple intervals at different temperatures, the upper and lower bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is determined; The power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer are determined based on the upper and lower bound functional relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer and the maximum power consumption and the minimum power consumption.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The power constraint of the electrolyzer is: ； in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The hydrogen production power at each moment, The lower bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The lower bound of hydrogen production power at time The upper bound function relationship of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The upper bound of hydrogen production power at time Indicates that the electrolytic cell is Power consumption at all times, Indicates the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the maximum power consumption of the electrolytic cell.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The constraints of the capacity optimization configuration model also include: capacity constraints, cogeneration constraints, wind power constraints, electrolyzer constraints, hydrogen fuel cell constraints, methane generator constraints, gas boiler constraints, energy storage equipment constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, gas power balance constraints, and hydrogen power balance constraints; Capacity constraints: ； in, 、 and Represent the capacity of hydrogen storage equipment, electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell respectively, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the electrolytic cell, and Respectively represent the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell; Cogeneration constraints: ； in, represents the energy conversion efficiency of the cogeneration unit, and They represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of the cogeneration unit, and They represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the cogeneration unit respectively. and They represent the minimum heat-to-electricity ratio and the maximum heat-to-electricity ratio of the cogeneration unit, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment, and Represents the combined heat and power units in The output electrical power and output thermal power at each moment, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment, Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at each moment; Wind power constraints: ； in, and Respectively Actual wind power output and predicted wind power output at the moment; Electrolyzer constraints: ； in, and Respectively represent the electrolytic cell Moment and Power consumption at all times, and Indicates the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the electrolyzer; Hydrogen fuel cell constraints: ； in, Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen consumption at each moment, and They represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively. and Represent the minimum climbing power and maximum climbing power respectively, Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen consumption at each moment; Methane generator constraints: ； in, represents the energy conversion efficiency of the methane generator, and Indicates that the methane generator is Gas production power and hydrogen consumption power at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum hydrogen consumption power and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator, Indicates that the methane generator is Hydrogen consumption at each moment, and They represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the methane generator respectively; Gas boiler constraints: ； in, Indicates the energy conversion efficiency of the gas boiler, and Respectively represent the gas boiler in Gas consumption and heat output at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum gas consumption power and maximum gas consumption power of the gas boiler, Indicates that the gas boiler is Gas consumption at each moment, and Respectively represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the gas boiler; Energy storage equipment constraints: ； in, and Respectively represent the energy storage devices in The charging power and discharging power at each moment, x They represent electricity storage equipment, heat storage equipment, gas storage equipment and hydrogen storage equipment respectively. and Respectively The charging and releasing signs at each moment, and Represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency respectively, Indicates the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device. express Energy storage power at the moment, Indicates the rated power of the energy storage device, express The capacity of the energy storage device at any moment, express The capacity of the energy storage device at any moment, Indicates the rated capacity of the energy storage device, represents the initial capacity of the energy storage device, Indicates that the energy storage device is T The capacity of time, Indicates the minimum capacity of the energy storage device, Indicates the maximum capacity of the energy storage device; Electric power balance constraints: ； in, express The power purchased at the time, Indicates the maximum purchased power, express The electrical load at the moment, express The charging power of the energy storage device at all times, Hydrogen fuel cells Output power at the moment; Thermal power balance constraints: ； in, Hydrogen fuel cells Output thermal power at the moment, express The heat load at the moment, express Charging power of the heat storage device at all times; Gas power balance constraints: ； in, express Gas purchasing power at the moment, Indicates the maximum gas purchasing power, express The gas load at the time, express The charging power of the gas storage device at all times; Hydrogen power balance constraints: ； in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is The hydrogen production power at each moment, express The charging power of the hydrogen storage device at any moment.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The objective function is: ； in, represents the investment cost, Indicates the equipment operating cost, represents the cost of purchased energy, represents the cost of wind curtailment, represents the tiered carbon trading cost; ； ； ； ； ； ； ； ； in, They are respectively expressed as hydrogen energy storage investment cost, electrolyzer investment cost and hydrogen fuel cell investment cost, Expressed as the equipment discount rate, Indicates the service life of the hydrogen storage equipment, represents the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen storage equipment, Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment, Indicates the service life of the electrolytic cell, represents the unit capacity investment cost of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the capacity of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen fuel cells, Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the operating cost coefficient of hydrogen energy equipment, Indicates that hydrogen energy equipment Operating power at all times, and Represent the unit price of electricity and the unit price of gas respectively, and Respectively expressed in The electricity and gas purchase power at the moment, represents the unit wind curtailment cost, Indicates The actual wind power at the moment, Indicates The wind power forecast at the moment, Represents the benchmark price for carbon trading, represents the length of the carbon emission interval, represents the price growth rate, Represents the carbon trading volume.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mechanism model of hydrogen fuel cells is: ； ； ； ； ； ； ； in, Represents the output electrical power of a single hydrogen fuel cell, Represents the output thermal power of a single hydrogen fuel cell, represents the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions, represents the activation / electrochemical polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, represents the ohmic polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, Indicates the concentration polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell; and are the Faraday constant and the gas constant, and are operating temperature and reference temperature respectively, and are the hydrogen partial pressure in the anode channel and the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel, respectively; and are the oxygen concentration at the cathode catalyst interface and the external current of the hydrogen fuel cell, are the model coefficients based on experimental data, and are resistivity and film thickness, respectively, is the effective area of ​​the membrane, is the duty factor, is the current density, Indicates the maximum current density; The mechanism model of the electrolytic cell is: ； ； ； ； ； ； in, represents the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer, represents the Faraday efficiency, is the Faraday efficiency coefficient, is the number of electrolytic cells; is the external current of the electrolyzer, represents the number of electrons transferred in the reaction, and is the ohmic resistivity of the electrolyte, is the effective area of ​​the membrane, is the electrode overvoltage coefficient, is the operating temperature of the electrolyzer; Indicates the working voltage of the electrolytic cell, represents the reversible voltage of the electrolytic cell, represents the ohmic voltage of the electrolytic cell, Indicates the polarization voltage of the electrolytic cell; represents the Gibbs free energy, Represents the empirical coefficient.

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