A method for capacity configuration of an electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a capacity configuration method of an electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment and relates to the technical field of capacity configuration. According to mechanism models of an electrolytic cell and a hydrogen fuel cell in the electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system, power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell and power constraint conditions of the electrolytic cell are determined; a target function of the electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system is established with the minimum investment cost, the minimum energy purchase cost, the minimum wind power abandonment cost, the minimum operation cost and the minimum carbon transaction cost as targets; a capacity optimization configuration model of the electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system is constructed according to the target function and the power constraint conditions, and the capacity optimization configuration model is solved to obtain a capacity configuration scheme of the electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system. The method can obtain an accurate capacity configuration scheme of the electro-thermal hydrogen comprehensive energy system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of capacity configuration technology, and in particular to a capacity configuration method for an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy systems have become a key research focus. Hydrogen energy, as an ideal secondary energy carrier, is considered a key technology for achieving deep decarbonization due to its high energy density, zero-pollution combustion products, and efficient conversion with electricity. Especially with the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy, hydrogen production through water electrolysis can realize the spatiotemporal transfer of renewable energy, effectively solving the intermittency and volatility problems of wind and solar power generation. However, the high investment cost of hydrogen energy systems restricts their large-scale application; therefore, research on the capacity optimization configuration of integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy systems is of great significance.

[0003] However, existing research still has shortcomings in terms of system capacity configuration. Many current capacity optimization studies employ linearized or lumped parameter models, particularly oversimplifying the variable operating characteristics of hydrogen energy equipment. This fails to reflect energy conversion efficiency under different conditions and ignores the fact that the output power of the equipment is affected by various factors during actual operation. Consequently, there is a discrepancy between the simulation experimental data and the actual operating data, leading to higher operating costs for integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for configuring the capacity of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system that considers hydrogen energy equipment, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for configuring the capacity of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment, comprising:

[0007] Based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer are determined respectively.

[0008] Based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined, and based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer, the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer are determined.

[0009] To minimize investment costs, energy purchase costs, wind curtailment costs, operating costs, and carbon trading costs, an objective function for an integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system is established.

[0010] Based on the objective function and power constraints, a capacity optimization configuration model for the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system is constructed, and the capacity optimization configuration model is solved to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system.

[0011] Optionally, based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined, including:

[0012] Based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the hydrogen fuel cell was simulated, and the curves of the output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell as a function of current density and the curves of the output electrical power as a function of current density were obtained at different temperatures.

[0013] By integrating the curves of output thermal power versus current density and output electrical power versus current density at the same temperature, the curves of output electrical power versus output thermal power of hydrogen fuel cells at different temperatures are obtained. The curves of output electrical power versus output thermal power are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0014] Optionally, based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined, including:

[0015] For any given temperature, the curve of output electrical power versus output thermal power is segmented to obtain multiple intervals of output electrical power versus output thermal power curves.

[0016] By fitting the output thermal power and the corresponding output electrical power on the curve for each interval, nonlinear relationships between the output electrical power and the output thermal power are obtained for multiple intervals.

[0017] Based on the nonlinear relationship between the output electrical power and the output thermal power in multiple temperature ranges, the upper and lower bound functions of the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined.

[0018] Based on the upper and lower bound functions of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined.

[0019] Optionally, the power constraint condition for the hydrogen fuel cell is:

[0020] ;

[0021] in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output electrical power at any time This is the lower bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell, i.e., the relationship between the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell and the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell. The lower bound of the output power at any given time. This is the upper bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell, representing the function of the hydrogen fuel cell in... The upper bound of the output power at any given time. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output thermal power at any time and All of these are parameters in the lower bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell. and These are all parameters in the upper bound function relation of the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0022] Optionally, based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer is determined, including:

[0023] Based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the electrolyzer was simulated to obtain the curves of the electrolyzer's power consumption versus time at different temperatures, as well as the curves of hydrogen production power versus time.

[0024] The curves showing the change of power consumption and hydrogen production power over time at the same temperature were integrated to obtain the curves showing the change of hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer at different temperatures. The curves showing the change of hydrogen production power and power consumption are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0025] Optionally, based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer, the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer are determined, including:

[0026] The maximum and minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell at all temperatures are defined as the maximum power consumption and minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell, respectively.

[0027] For any given temperature, the curve of hydrogen production power versus power consumption is segmented to obtain curves of hydrogen production power versus power consumption for multiple intervals.

[0028] By fitting the hydrogen production power and corresponding power consumption on the curve for each interval, nonlinear relationships between hydrogen production power and power consumption are obtained for multiple intervals.

[0029] Based on the nonlinear relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption in multiple temperature ranges, the upper and lower bound functions of hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer are determined.

[0030] Based on the upper and lower bounds of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer, as well as the maximum and minimum power consumption, the power constraints of the electrolyzer are determined.

[0031] Optionally, the power constraint condition of the electrolytic cell is:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Hydrogen production power at any given time The lower bound function relating the hydrogen production power of an electrolyzer to the capacity of the electrolyzer. The lower bound of hydrogen production power at any given time. The upper bound function relating the hydrogen production power of an electrolyzer to the total hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer. The upper bound of hydrogen production power at any given time. Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Power consumption at any time This indicates the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the maximum power consumption of the electrolytic cell.

[0034] Optionally, the constraints of the capacity optimization configuration model also include: capacity constraints, cogeneration constraints, wind power constraints, electrolyzer constraints, hydrogen fuel cell constraints, methane generator constraints, gas boiler constraints, energy storage device constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, gas power balance constraints, and hydrogen power balance constraints.

[0035] Capacity constraints:

[0036] ;

[0037] in, , and These represent the capacities of the hydrogen storage device, electrolyzer, and hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage device, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacities of the electrolytic cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively.

[0038] Constraints of Cogeneration:

[0039] ;

[0040] in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. and These represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum ramp power of the combined heat and power unit, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum heat-to-power ratios of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, respectively. Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at any time and These respectively represent the combined heat and power units in Output electrical power and output thermal power at any given time. Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at any time Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption power at any given time;

[0041] Wind power constraints:

[0042] ;

[0043] in, and They represent Actual wind power output and predicted wind power output at any given time;

[0044] Electrolytic cell constraints:

[0045] ;

[0046] in, and These respectively represent the electrolytic cells at Time and Power consumption at any time and Indicates the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the electrolytic cell;

[0047] Constraints of hydrogen fuel cells:

[0048] ;

[0049] in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Hydrogen consumption power at any time and These represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum climbing power and the maximum climbing power, respectively. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Hydrogen consumption power at any given time;

[0050] Methane generator constraints:

[0051] ;

[0052] in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of the methane generator. and Indicates that the methane generator is in The gas production power and hydrogen consumption power at any given time, and These represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator, respectively. Indicates that the methane generator is in Hydrogen consumption power at any time and These represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the methane generator, respectively.

[0053] Constraints of gas-fired boilers:

[0054] ;

[0055] in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of a gas-fired boiler. and These respectively represent the gas-fired boiler in The power consumption and output heat power at any given time. and These represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of the gas-fired boiler, respectively. Indicates that the gas boiler is Gas consumption at any time and These represent the minimum and maximum ramp power of the gas-fired boiler, respectively.

[0056] Constraints of energy storage devices:

[0057] ;

[0058] in, and These respectively represent the energy storage devices in The charging power and discharging power at any given time. x These respectively represent energy storage equipment, thermal storage equipment, gas storage equipment, and hydrogen storage equipment. and They represent The charging and discharging indicators at specific times. and These represent charging efficiency and discharging efficiency, respectively. This indicates the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device. express Energy storage capacity at any given time Indicates the rated power of the energy storage device. express The capacity of energy storage devices at all times express The capacity of energy storage devices at all times Indicates the rated capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates the initial capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates that energy storage devices are in T Capacity of time, Indicates the minimum capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates the maximum capacity of the energy storage device;

[0059] Electric power balance constraints:

[0060] ;

[0061] in, express Power purchase capacity at any time Indicates the maximum power purchase capacity. express Electrical load at any given time express The charging power of the energy storage device at all times. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output electrical power at any given moment;

[0062] Thermal power balance constraint:

[0063] ;

[0064] in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output thermal power at any time express The heat load at any time, express The charging power of the thermal storage equipment at all times;

[0065] Gas power balance constraints:

[0066] ;

[0067] in, express Gas purchase capacity at any time Indicates the maximum gas purchase capacity. express Gas load at any time, express The charging power of the gas storage equipment at all times;

[0068] Hydrogen power balance constraint:

[0069] ;

[0070] in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Hydrogen production power at any given time express The charging power of the hydrogen storage device at all times.

[0071] Optionally, the objective function is:

[0072] ;

[0073] in, Indicates investment cost, Indicates equipment operating costs, Indicates energy purchase cost, Indicates the cost of wind curtailment. This indicates the tiered carbon trading costs;

[0074] ;

[0075] ;

[0076] ;

[0077] ;

[0078] ;

[0079] ;

[0080] ;

[0081] ;

[0082] in, These are respectively represented as the investment cost of hydrogen energy storage, the investment cost of electrolyzers, and the investment cost of hydrogen fuel cells. Expressed as the equipment discount rate, Indicates the service life of hydrogen storage equipment. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen storage equipment. Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen storage device. Indicates the service life of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the capacity of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the service life of a hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen fuel cells. Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell. This represents the operating cost coefficient of hydrogen energy equipment. Indicates hydrogen energy equipment in Operating power at any given time and These represent the unit price for electricity and the unit price for gas, respectively. and They represent in The power and gas purchased at any given time Indicates the unit cost of wind curtailment. Indicates in The actual wind power output at any given time. Indicates in Forecast wind power output at any given time This represents the benchmark price for carbon trading. Indicates the length of the carbon emission interval, Indicates the price growth rate. This indicates the volume of carbon transactions.

[0083] Alternatively, the mechanism model of a hydrogen fuel cell is as follows:

[0084] ;

[0085] ;

[0086] ;

[0087] ;

[0088] ;

[0089] ;

[0090] ;

[0091] in, This indicates the output electrical power of a single hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the output thermal power of a single hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell. It represents the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions. This indicates the activation / electrochemical polarization voltage of a hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the ohmic polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell. This represents the concentration polarization voltage of a hydrogen fuel cell; and These are Faraday's constant and the gas constant, respectively. and These are the operating temperature and the reference temperature. and These are the hydrogen partial pressure in the anode channel and the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel, respectively. and These are the oxygen concentration at the cathode catalyst interface and the external current of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. These are model coefficients based on experimental data. and These are resistivity and film thickness, respectively. It is the effective area of ​​the membrane. It is the work coefficient. It is the current density. Indicates the maximum current density;

[0092] The mechanism model of the electrolyzer is as follows:

[0093] ;

[0094] ;

[0095] ;

[0096] ;

[0097] ;

[0098] ;

[0099] in, This indicates the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer. Indicates Faraday efficiency. It is the Faraday efficiency coefficient. This refers to the number of electrolytic cells; It is the external current of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the number of electrons transferred in the reaction. and It is the ohmic resistivity of the electrolyte. It is the effective area of ​​the membrane. It is the electrode overvoltage coefficient. It is the operating temperature of the electrolytic cell; This indicates the operating voltage of the electrolytic cell. This represents the reversible voltage of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the ohmic voltage of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the polarization voltage of the electrolytic cell; Indicates Gibbs free energy, This represents the empirical coefficient.

[0100] This invention provides a capacity configuration device for an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment, comprising:

[0101] The first determining module is used to determine the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer, based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system.

[0102] The second determining module is used to determine the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and to determine the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0103] A module is established to define the objective function of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system, with the goal of minimizing investment costs, energy purchase costs, wind curtailment costs, operating costs, and carbon trading costs.

[0104] The solution module is used to construct a capacity optimization configuration model for the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system based on the objective function and power constraints, and to solve the capacity optimization configuration model to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system.

[0105] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described capacity configuration method for an electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy devices.

[0106] The present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the above-mentioned capacity configuration method for an electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy devices.

[0107] The above-mentioned at least one technical solution adopted in this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0108] Based on the basic architecture of the electrothermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, this paper conducts a detailed analysis of the mechanistic models of the hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyzer in the system. Starting from the mechanistic models, the mathematical relationship between the output thermoelectric power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the input and output power of the electrolyzer is sorted out, thereby determining the power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell and the electrolyzer. This lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on optimization configuration modeling and operation strategies, and ultimately yields a more accurate capacity configuration scheme for the electrothermal-hydrogen integrated energy system. Attached Figure Description

[0109] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0110] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a method for configuring the capacity of an electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment, provided by the present invention;

[0111] Figure 2 A structural diagram of an electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment is provided by the present invention;

[0112] Figure 3 The graph shows the output heat power as a function of current density.

[0113] Figure 4 The graph shows the output power as a function of current density.

[0114] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the voltage variation at different temperatures;

[0115] Figure 6 The graph shows the variation of hydrogen production power with power consumption at different temperatures.

[0116] Figure 7 The following are power balance diagrams for each device in the integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system: (a) is the electrical power balance diagram, (b) is the thermal power balance diagram, (c) is the gas load power balance diagram, and (d) is the hydrogen power balance diagram.

[0117] Figure 8 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a computer device for implementing a capacity configuration method for an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system that considers hydrogen energy devices. Detailed Implementation

[0118] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0119] Integrated Energy Systems (IES) can significantly improve energy efficiency and economy through multi-energy complementarity and synergistic optimization. Domestic and international scholars have made systematic research progress in the field of IES capacity configuration, laying an important theoretical foundation for the optimal design of electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled systems. At the optimization method level, research has broken through the limitations of traditional single economic objectives, gradually forming a technical route of multi-objective synergistic optimization, focusing on key indicators such as system life-cycle cost, carbon emission intensity, and renewable energy integration rate. In terms of uncertainty handling, stochastic programming and robust optimization have become mainstream methods. For example, a two-stage stochastic programming model combining Wasserstein distance scenario generation technology and distributed robust optimization effectively improves the system's ability to cope with renewable energy fluctuations. Regarding the research on multi-energy flow coupling mechanisms, scholars have proposed a coupling matrix method considering spatiotemporal characteristics by improving traditional energy hub models, establishing a topological model that can describe energy grade conversion relationships. In system architecture design, the introduction of hydrogen energy systems provides a new research perspective for IES, such as innovative solutions like achieving cross-seasonal energy storage through hydrogen energy storage systems and improving overall energy efficiency using combined heat and power units.

[0120] However, despite the progress made in system capacity configuration, existing research still has shortcomings in modeling. Many current capacity optimization studies employ linearized or lumped parameter models, particularly oversimplifying the variable operating characteristics of hydrogen energy equipment. This fails to reflect energy conversion efficiency under different conditions and ignores the fact that the output power of the equipment is affected by various factors during actual operation. Consequently, there are discrepancies between the simulation data and actual operating data, making it difficult for capacity configuration schemes and scheduling strategies to adapt to changes in actual operation.

[0121] Specifically, regarding modeling accuracy: Existing technologies oversimplify the variable operating conditions of hydrogen energy equipment, such as the quasi-static efficiency curve of electrolyzers (EL), the constant thermoelectric ratio assumption of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), or only considering the output power relationship of the equipment at a single temperature. This simplification ignores the fact that the output power of the equipment is affected by multiple factors during actual operation, failing to accurately reflect the performance changes of the equipment under different operating conditions. This results in capacity configuration schemes and scheduling strategies being difficult to adapt to changes in actual operation. This invention, through refined modeling, can more realistically reflect the operating characteristics of the equipment, improving the adaptability and accuracy of capacity configuration and scheduling strategies.

[0122] Regarding optimization objectives: While existing technologies have made some progress in optimization methods, some solutions still primarily focus on a single economic objective or only consider a few key indicators. However, considering only a single objective or a few indicators is no longer sufficient to meet the development needs of integrated energy systems. The optimization objectives of this invention are more comprehensive, taking into account multiple key indicators such as the system's total life cycle cost, carbon emission intensity, and renewable energy integration rate, thus better achieving synergistic optimization of the system's economic efficiency, environmental friendliness, and renewable energy utilization efficiency.

[0123] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0124] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a capacity configuration method for an electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment according to the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0125] S101. Based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, determine the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0126] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2This diagram illustrates the structure of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system, including the power grid, wind turbines, gas grid, energy storage equipment, electrolyzer, hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen storage equipment, methane generator (MR), combined heat and power (CHP), gas boiler (GB), gas storage equipment, thermal storage equipment, carbon trading market, and energy-consuming units. This system combines clean energy sources such as wind power and hydrogen with traditional energy sources like natural gas, ensuring the diversity and stability of energy supply. A key difference from traditional integrated energy systems is the introduction of hydrogen energy. In terms of electricity, the system can meet the power consumption, hydrogen production, and electricity load demands of the EL (Elastic Energy Source) by purchasing electricity from the upstream power grid, generating electricity from wind turbines, and outputting electricity from hydrogen fuel cells and CHP (Consumer Energy Source). Energy storage devices can be flexibly replenished through charging and discharging. Regarding heat, the system can utilize the heat released from the hydrogen fuel cells and CHP power generation, along with the heat released from GB (Gas Storage Unit), to meet the heat load demands. Heat storage devices are also configured for supplementation. For gas, the system can purchase gas from the upstream gas grid and produce gas using MR (Metallurgical Renewal) to meet the gas load, CHP, and GB gas consumption demands. Gas storage devices are also configured for supplementation. In terms of hydrogen production, the system can produce hydrogen within the EL through methods such as water electrolysis. For hydrogen energy utilization, the hydrogen produced in the EL can be further converted into natural gas via MR to supply GB and CHP. Alternatively, PEMFCs can be used directly to convert hydrogen into electricity and heat, improving energy efficiency and achieving clean energy utilization. Furthermore, the system is equipped with electrical energy storage, thermal energy storage, gas energy storage, and hydrogen energy storage, enabling energy storage during periods of low demand and release during peak demand, effectively balancing various loads. In particular, the application of hydrogen energy storage technology provides the system with long-term, high-density energy storage capabilities.

[0127] In the integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system, the hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyzer are modeled mechanistically, while the other equipment is modeled using traditional methods.

[0128] The specific mechanistic models of hydrogen fuel cells include:

[0129] In actual operation, hydrogen fuel cells generate a series of irreversible voltage losses, preventing the actual output voltage from reaching the ideal value. These irreversible voltage losses are also known as polarization voltages, and there are three main types: activation / electrochemical polarization voltages. Ohmic polarization voltage and concentration polarization voltage Output voltage of hydrogen fuel cells The expression is:

[0130] (1);

[0131] in, This indicates the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell. It represents the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions. This indicates the activation / electrochemical polarization voltage of a hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the ohmic polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell. This represents the concentration polarization voltage of a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0132] Based on the changes in Nernst voltage and Gibbs free energy, the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions (pressure: 100 kPa, concentration: 1 mol / L, temperature: 298.15 K) is... It can be represented as follows:

[0133] (2);

[0134] in, and These are Faraday's constant and the gas constant, respectively. and These are the operating temperature and the reference temperature, respectively. and These are the hydrogen partial pressure in the anode channel and the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel, respectively.

[0135] The expression for voltage drop is as follows:

[0136] (3);

[0137] (4);

[0138] (5);

[0139] in, and These are the oxygen concentration at the cathode catalyst interface and the external current of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. These are model coefficients based on experimental data. and These are resistivity and film thickness, respectively. It is the effective area of ​​the membrane. It is the work coefficient. It is the current density. This indicates the maximum current density.

[0140] It can be determined according to Henry's Law:

[0141] (6);

[0142] in, This indicates the partial pressure of oxygen within the cathode channel. This indicates the partial pressure of hydrogen gas within the anode channel.

[0143] The expression is as follows:

[0144] (7);

[0145] in, This represents the resistivity correlation coefficient.

[0146] The system's thermoelectric output power can be calculated using the following formula:

[0147] (8);

[0148] (9);

[0149] in, This indicates the output electrical power of a single hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the output thermal power of a single hydrogen fuel cell.

[0150] The specific mechanism model of the electrolyzer includes:

[0151] As a hydrogen production technology through water electrolysis, alkaline electrolyzers require mechanistic modeling for understanding and optimizing hydrogen production system performance. Based on fundamental electrochemical principles and thermodynamic laws, a complete mechanistic model of the alkaline electrolyzer is established, accurately describing its operating characteristics under different conditions. The operating voltage of the electrolyzer is also considered. From reversible voltage Ohm voltage and polarization voltage It consists of three parts:

[0152] (10);

[0153] (11);

[0154] (12);

[0155] (13);

[0156] in, This indicates the operating voltage of the electrolytic cell. This represents the reversible voltage of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the ohmic voltage of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the polarization voltage of the electrolytic cell; Indicates Gibbs free energy, Represents the empirical coefficient. It is the external current of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the number of electrons transferred in the reaction. and It is the ohmic resistivity of the electrolyte. It is the effective area of ​​the membrane. It is the electrode overvoltage coefficient. It is the operating temperature of the electrolytic cell.

[0157] The hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer is:

[0158] (14);

[0159] (15);

[0160] in, This indicates the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer. Indicates Faraday efficiency. It is the Faraday efficiency coefficient. This represents the number of electrolytic cells.

[0161] In one embodiment, based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal-hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined, including: simulating the hydrogen fuel cell based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal-hydrogen integrated energy system to obtain curves showing the change of output thermal power with current density and output electrical power with current density at different temperatures; integrating the curves showing the change of output thermal power with current density and output electrical power with current density at the same temperature to obtain curves showing the change of output electrical power with output thermal power at different temperatures; the curves showing the change of output electrical power with output thermal power are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0162] During PEMFC power supply, the output voltage of the battery stack will vary with the operating state, which will affect the quality and stability of the power supply and may even shorten the life of the electrical equipment. As can be seen from the above formula, the operating temperature and external current have a particularly significant impact on the output power of the battery stack. According to formulas (1)-(9), the PEMFC mechanism model built on the Simulink simulation platform is simulated and analyzed. The external current density is set to increase linearly from 0 to 1.4. The simulation yields the current density and output thermoelectric power relationship curves of PEMFC at different temperatures, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 The graph shows the output heat power as a function of current density. Figure 4 This is a graph showing the output power as a function of current density. Because... Figure 3 , 4 The x-coordinates are consistent, so for Figure 3and Figure 4 Perform merge processing, in order to Figure 3 With thermal power as the x-axis, Figure 4 Using the electrical power as the ordinate, we obtain the curves showing the change in output electrical power versus output thermal power of the PEMFC hydrogen fuel cell at different temperatures.

[0163] Depend on Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that when the operating temperature remains constant, the thermal power output of the PEMFC increases with the increase of the external current. However, its electrical power output does not increase linearly with the increase of the current, but has a peak value. That is, the electrical power output first increases to the extreme point with the increase of the external current and then gradually decreases. Further longitudinal analysis shows that when the external current remains constant, the thermal power output of the PEMFC decreases with the increase of the operating temperature, while the electrical power output increases with the increase of the operating temperature.

[0164] In one embodiment, based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer is determined, including: simulating the electrolyzer based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system to obtain curves showing the change of power consumption over time at different temperatures, and curves showing the change of hydrogen production power over time; integrating the curves showing the change of power consumption over time and the curves showing the change of hydrogen production power over time at the same temperature to obtain curves showing the change of hydrogen production power over power consumption at different temperatures; the curves showing the change of hydrogen production power over power consumption are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0165] Based on the mechanistic model of the electrolyzer, curves showing the variation of the electrolyzer's operating voltage at different temperatures, and graphs showing the relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption at different temperatures, are plotted. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 5 The graph shows the voltage variation at different temperatures. Figure 6 The graph shows the variation of hydrogen production power with power consumption at different temperatures. It should be noted that power consumption refers to the operating voltage of the electrolyzer. With external current The product of; hydrogen production power, i.e., the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer. And Gibbs free energy The product of.

[0166] As can be seen from the above, the input-output characteristics of the electrolytic cell are nonlinear, therefore, the nonlinear model needs to be linearized to improve the solution efficiency. When the operating temperature of the PEMFC is between 70℃ and 90℃, and the operating temperature of the EL is between 60℃ and 90℃, the power curves corresponding to each operating temperature are all within the envelope bounded by 70℃-90℃ / 60℃-90℃.

[0167] S102, Based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, determine the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell, and based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer, determine the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer.

[0168] In one embodiment, the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and the output electrical power, including: segmenting the curve of output electrical power versus output thermal power for any temperature to obtain multiple intervals of output electrical power versus output thermal power curves; fitting the output thermal power and the corresponding output electrical power on each interval curve to obtain a nonlinear relationship between output electrical power and output thermal power for multiple intervals; determining the upper and lower bound functions of the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the nonlinear relationships between output electrical power and output thermal power for multiple intervals at different temperatures; and determining the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the upper and lower bound functions of the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0169] The least squares method was used to fit the output thermal power and the corresponding output electrical power on the curve of each interval, and the nonlinear relationship between the output electrical power and the output thermal power in multiple intervals was obtained.

[0170] The operating region of the PEMFC is appropriately divided into several equal or unequal regions. The power data curves within these regions are fitted using the least squares method, ensuring a smooth connection between the fitted curves. Thus, at a given temperature, the power relationship within the operating range can be expressed as:

[0171] (16);

[0172] in, and The coefficients representing the power function of a hydrogen fuel cell in the x-th interval at temperature T are denoted by . This represents the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell at temperature T within the x-th interval. This represents the output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell within the x-th interval. and This represents the starting point of the segment in the x-th interval.

[0173] Simultaneously, by performing piecewise linearization on the two power upper and lower bound curves, the power relationship within the operating range can be derived as follows:

[0174] (17);

[0175] (18);

[0176] in, This indicates the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the lower limit of the range of output power of the fuel cell at its lowest operating temperature. This indicates the upper limit of the output power range of a hydrogen fuel cell at its lowest operating temperature. Indicates the first x The output thermal power of hydrogen fuel cells within each range.

[0177] The power constraint condition means that the actual power operating point of the hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyzer must be within the operating range. For the fuel cell, the thermoelectric power satisfies the condition that when the thermoelectric power is constant, the electrical power is greater than that at 70°C. Below 90℃ For an electrolyzer, this hydrogen power satisfies the requirement that, for a given electrical power, the hydrogen power is greater than that at 60°C. Below 90℃ .

[0178] Therefore, the power constraint condition for hydrogen fuel cells is:

[0179] (19);

[0180] in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output electrical power at any time This is the lower bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell, i.e., the relationship between the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell and the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell. The lower bound of the output power at any given time. This is the upper bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell, representing the function of the hydrogen fuel cell in... The upper bound of the output power at any given time. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output thermal power at any time and All of these are parameters in the lower bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell. and These are all parameters in the upper bound function relation of the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0181] In one embodiment, determining the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and the power consumption of the electrolyzer includes: determining the maximum and minimum power consumption of the electrolyzer at all temperatures as the maximum and minimum power consumption of the electrolyzer, respectively; segmenting the curve of hydrogen production power versus power consumption for any temperature to obtain multiple intervals of hydrogen production power versus power consumption curves; fitting the hydrogen production power and corresponding power consumption on each interval curve to obtain a nonlinear relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption for multiple intervals; determining the upper and lower bound functions of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationships between hydrogen production power and power consumption for multiple intervals at different temperatures; and determining the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer based on the upper and lower bound functions of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer, as well as the maximum and minimum power consumption.

[0182] The method for determining the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer in this embodiment is the same as the method for determining the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell described above, and will not be limited here.

[0183] Optionally, the power constraint condition of the electrolytic cell is:

[0184] (20);

[0185] in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Hydrogen production power at any given time The lower bound function relating the hydrogen production power of an electrolyzer to the capacity of the electrolyzer. The lower bound of hydrogen production power at any given time. The upper bound function relating the hydrogen production power of an electrolyzer to the total hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer. The upper bound of hydrogen production power at any given time. Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Power consumption at any time This indicates the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the maximum power consumption of the electrolytic cell.

[0186] S103 establishes the objective function of an integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system with the goal of minimizing investment costs, energy purchase costs, wind curtailment costs, operating costs, and carbon trading costs.

[0187] In one embodiment, the objective function is:

[0188] (twenty one);

[0189] in, Indicates investment cost, Indicates equipment operating costs, Indicates energy purchase cost, Indicates the cost of wind curtailment. This indicates the tiered carbon trading costs;

[0190] Investment costs Including hydrogen energy storage investment costs Electrolytic cell investment cost and investment costs of hydrogen fuel cells Specifically:

[0191] (twenty two);

[0192] (twenty three);

[0193] (twenty four);

[0194] (25);

[0195] The remaining costs can be expressed as:

[0196] (26);

[0197] (27);

[0198] (28);

[0199] (29);

[0200] in, These are respectively represented as the investment costs for hydrogen energy storage, electrolyzer, and hydrogen fuel cells. Expressed as the equipment discount rate, Indicates the service life of hydrogen storage equipment. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen storage equipment. Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen storage device. Indicates the service life of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the capacity of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the service life of a hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen fuel cells. Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell. This represents the operating cost coefficient of hydrogen energy equipment. Indicates hydrogen energy equipment in Operating power at any given time and These represent the unit price for electricity and the unit price for gas, respectively. and They represent in The power and gas purchased at any given time Indicates the unit cost of wind curtailment. Indicates in The actual wind power output at any given time. Indicates in Forecast wind power output at any given time This represents the benchmark price for carbon trading. Indicates the length of the carbon emission interval, Indicates the price growth rate. This indicates the volume of carbon transactions.

[0201] S104. Based on the objective function and power constraints, a capacity optimization configuration model for the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system is constructed, and the capacity optimization configuration model is solved to obtain the capacity configuration scheme for the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system.

[0202] It should be noted that the constraints of the capacity optimization configuration model also include: capacity constraints, cogeneration constraints, wind power constraints, electrolyzer constraints, hydrogen fuel cell constraints, methane generator constraints, gas boiler constraints, energy storage device constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, gas power balance constraints, and hydrogen power balance constraints.

[0203] Capacity constraints:

[0204] (30);

[0205] in, , and These represent the capacities of the hydrogen storage device, electrolyzer, and hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacities of the hydrogen storage device, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacities of the electrolytic cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively.

[0206] Constraints of Cogeneration:

[0207] (31);

[0208] in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. and These represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum ramp power of the combined heat and power unit, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum heat-to-power ratios of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, respectively. Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at any time and These respectively represent the combined heat and power units in Output electrical power and output thermal power at any given time. Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at any time Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is The gas consumption power at any given time.

[0209] Wind power constraints:

[0210] (32);

[0211] in, and They represent The actual wind power output and the predicted wind power output at any given time.

[0212] Electrolytic cell constraints:

[0213] (33);

[0214] in, and These respectively represent the electrolytic cells at Time and Power consumption at any time and This indicates the minimum and maximum ramp power of the electrolytic cell.

[0215] Constraints of hydrogen fuel cells:

[0216] (34);

[0217] in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Hydrogen consumption power at any time and These represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum climbing power and the maximum climbing power, respectively. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Hydrogen consumption power at any given time.

[0218] Methane generator constraints:

[0219] (35);

[0220] in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of the methane generator. and Indicates that the methane generator is in The gas production power and hydrogen consumption power at any given time, and These represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator, respectively. Indicates that the methane generator is in Hydrogen consumption power at any time and These represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the methane generator, respectively.

[0221] Constraints of gas-fired boilers:

[0222] (36);

[0223] in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of a gas-fired boiler. and These respectively represent the gas-fired boiler in The power consumption and output heat power at any given time. and These represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of the gas-fired boiler, respectively. Indicates that the gas boiler is Gas consumption at any time and These represent the minimum and maximum ramp power of the gas-fired boiler, respectively.

[0224] Constraints of energy storage devices:

[0225] (37);

[0226] in, and These respectively represent the energy storage devices in The charging power and discharging power at any given time. x These respectively represent energy storage equipment, thermal storage equipment, gas storage equipment, and hydrogen storage equipment. and They represent The charging and discharging indicators at specific times. and These represent charging efficiency and discharging efficiency, respectively. This indicates the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device. express Energy storage capacity at any given time Indicates the rated power of the energy storage device. express The capacity of energy storage devices at all times express The capacity of energy storage devices at all times Indicates the rated capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates the initial capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates that energy storage devices are in T Capacity of time, Indicates the minimum capacity of the energy storage device. This indicates the maximum capacity of the energy storage device.

[0227] Electric power balance constraints:

[0228] (38);

[0229] in, express Power purchase capacity at any time express Maximum power purchase capacity at any given time express Electrical load at any given time express The charging power of the energy storage device at all times. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output electrical power at any given time.

[0230] Thermal power balance constraint:

[0231] (39);

[0232] in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output thermal power at any time express The heat load at any time, express The charging power of the thermal storage equipment at all times.

[0233] Gas power balance constraints:

[0234] (40);

[0235] in, express Gas purchase capacity at any time express Maximum gas purchasing power at any given time express Gas load at any time, express The charging power of the gas storage equipment at all times.

[0236] Hydrogen power balance constraint:

[0237] (41);

[0238] in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Hydrogen production power at any given time express The charging power of the hydrogen storage device at all times.

[0239] Specifically, based on the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, with the objective function of minimizing investment cost, energy purchase cost, operating cost, wind curtailment cost, and carbon emission cost, and constrained by formulas (19), (20), and (30)-(41), a capacity optimization configuration model for the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering refined modeling of hydrogen energy equipment was established. Then, based on the MATLAB simulation platform, the capacity optimization configuration model was solved by calling the GUROBI solver using Yalmip, which yielded the configuration capacity of hydrogen storage equipment, EL, and PEMFC, as well as the processing status of all equipment in the system. The capacity configuration schemes for the three types of equipment are shown in Table 1.

[0240] Table 1 Capacity Configuration Schemes for Three Types of Equipment

[0241]

[0242] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7The diagrams show the power balance of various devices in the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system. (a) is the electrical power balance, (b) is the thermal power balance, (c) is the gas load power balance, and (d) is the hydrogen power balance. The electrical power balance diagram shows that when considering the PEMFC's alternating thermal and power characteristics, the system purchases very little electricity from the upstream grid. This is partly due to the system's full utilization of new energy sources, and partly due to the increased electrical power output of CHP and PEMFC during low-to-mid-day wind power periods. The thermal power balance diagram shows that the system mainly relies on PEMFC and CHP, with only a small amount of GB and thermal storage equipment needed for supplementation at very rare times. The hydrogen power balance diagram shows that the system inputs surplus wind power into the EL equipment for hydrogen production. Part of the hydrogen energy is directly supplied to the PEMFC for cogeneration, part is stored as backup energy in the hydrogen storage equipment, and a portion is transported to MR for natural gas synthesis. Because hydrogen energy undergoes multiple energy conversions before being transported to GB and CHP for power supply via MR synthesis of natural gas, resulting in energy loss, and because hydrogen energy in PEMFC has high thermal power generation efficiency and reduces an intermediate energy conversion step, hydrogen energy is preferentially transported to PEMFC for thermal power generation, with a small amount of hydrogen being transported to MR. The gas load power balance diagram also shows that the natural gas consumption of gas load, CHP, and GB is mainly met by purchasing natural gas. Since the thermal load reduces reliance on GB, the cost of purchasing natural gas is reduced.

[0243] Compared with conventional methods that use a fixed value to describe the energy conversion efficiency of equipment, the present invention significantly improves both economic and environmental benefits. Table 2 shows the cost comparison results between the method of the present invention and existing methods.

[0244] Table 2. Cost Comparison Results of the Invention Method and Existing Methods

[0245]

[0246] As shown in Table 2, the method of this invention exhibits significant advantages in both total cost and the cost of each component. The total cost is RMB 4.2564 million, a 32.3% reduction compared to the previous scheme's RMB 6.2808 million, demonstrating outstanding economic benefits. Specifically, the investment cost is RMB 127,000, far lower than the previous scheme, indicating greater efficiency in initial investment; the operating cost is RMB 3,400, a significant reduction compared to the previous scheme, reflecting the significant advantages of this scheme in system operation optimization and the ability to flexibly adjust the power of each device; the energy purchase cost is also reduced, indicating a more optimized energy utilization or procurement strategy; and the introduction of a tiered carbon trading mechanism better constrains the carbon emissions of each device. Furthermore, both methods have zero wind curtailment costs, indicating full energy utilization and no waste. Overall, this invention is significantly superior to previous schemes in terms of both economy and technology, especially in the optimization of operating costs and carbon trading costs, possessing high promotional value, while its potential environmental benefits align with the trend of green development. Future research can further verify its environmental contribution using specific carbon emission data.

[0247] In one embodiment, this invention first studies the working principles of energy conversion devices and energy storage devices in an integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system based on its basic architecture. Mathematical models of wind turbines, combined heat and power (CHP), gas boilers, electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, energy storage devices, thermal storage devices, gas storage devices, and hydrogen storage devices are established. The main mechanisms and operating modes of PEMFC and EL hydrogen energy systems are analyzed in detail, and the mathematical relationship between the output thermoelectric power of PEMFC and the input-output power of EL is clarified from the mechanism model, thus laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent optimization configuration modeling and operational strategy research. Then, based on the system's energy structure, the minimum investment cost, energy purchase cost, operating cost, wind curtailment cost, and carbon emission cost are selected as the objective function, establishing a capacity optimization configuration model for the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system considering refined modeling of hydrogen energy equipment. Finally, the model is simulated and verified based on the proposed operation control strategy. The results of using the proposed optimization configuration strategy and the traditional simplified model's capacity optimization configuration method are compared and analyzed, verifying the importance of improving the refined model that fully considers the equipment in system optimization. The method of this invention has the following advantages:

[0248] (1) Improve the accuracy of equipment modeling: Starting from the mechanism model of the equipment, the variable operating condition characteristics of hydrogen energy equipment are finely depicted so that it can more realistically reflect the performance changes of the equipment under different operating conditions and significantly reduce the deviation between simulation experimental data and actual operating data.

[0249] (2) Achieve multi-objective collaborative optimization: Taking into account multiple key indicators such as the system's total life cycle cost, carbon emissions, and renewable energy absorption rate, construct a multi-objective collaborative optimization model to achieve comprehensive optimization of the system's economy, environmental friendliness, and renewable energy utilization efficiency.

[0250] (3) Innovative system architecture design: By optimizing the design, we can give full play to the advantages of the hydrogen energy system, further improve the overall performance and economy of the system, and provide technical support for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

[0251] When applying the capacity configuration method for an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment provided by this invention, it is not necessary to consider... Figure 1 The steps shown are executed in sequence. The specific execution order of each step can be determined as needed, and this invention does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0252] The above describes a method for configuring the capacity of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment, provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention. Based on the same idea, the present invention also provides a corresponding device for configuring the capacity of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment, the device comprising:

[0253] The first determining module is used to determine the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer, based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system.

[0254] The second determining module is used to determine the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and to determine the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer.

[0255] A module is established to define the objective function of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system, with the goal of minimizing investment costs, energy purchase costs, wind curtailment costs, operating costs, and carbon trading costs.

[0256] The solution module is used to construct a capacity optimization configuration model for the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system based on the objective function and power constraints, and to solve the capacity optimization configuration model to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the integrated electrothermal-hydrogen energy system.

[0257] Specific limitations regarding the capacity configuration device for the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment can be found in the limitations on the capacity configuration method for the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned capacity configuration device for the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0258] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be used to execute the above-described... Figure 1 The method provided is a capacity configuration method for an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system that takes into account hydrogen energy equipment.

[0259] The present invention also provides Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the computer device shown is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, at the hardware level, this computer device includes a processor, internal bus, network interface, memory, and non-volatile memory, and may also include other hardware required for business operations. The processor reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory into memory and then executes it to achieve the above. Figure 1 The method provided is a capacity configuration method for an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system that takes into account hydrogen energy equipment.

[0260] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided by this invention can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, or optical storage, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0261] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for configuring the capacity of an integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system considering hydrogen energy equipment, characterized in that, include: Based on the mechanism models of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer are determined respectively. Based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the power constraint conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined, and based on the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer, the power constraint conditions of the electrolyzer are determined. To minimize investment costs, energy purchase costs, wind curtailment costs, operating costs, and carbon trading costs, an objective function for an integrated electric-thermal-hydrogen energy system is established. Based on the objective function and the power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyzer, a capacity optimization configuration model for the integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system is constructed, and the capacity optimization configuration model is solved to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the integrated electrothermal hydrogen energy system. The mechanistic model of a hydrogen fuel cell is as follows: ； ； ； ； ； ； ； in, This indicates the output electrical power of a single hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the output thermal power of a single hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell. It represents the thermodynamic electromotive force under standard conditions. This indicates the activation / electrochemical polarization voltage of a hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the ohmic polarization voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell. This represents the concentration polarization voltage of a hydrogen fuel cell; and These are Faraday's constant and the gas constant, respectively. and These are the operating temperature and the reference temperature. and These are the hydrogen partial pressure in the anode channel and the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel, respectively. and These are the oxygen concentration at the cathode catalyst interface and the external current of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. These are model coefficients based on experimental data. and These are resistivity and film thickness, respectively. It is the effective area of ​​the membrane. It is the work coefficient. It is the current density. Indicates the maximum current density; The mechanism model of the electrolyzer is as follows: ； ； ； ； ； ； in, This indicates the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer. Indicates Faraday efficiency. It is the Faraday efficiency coefficient. This refers to the number of electrolytic cells; It is the external current of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the number of electrons transferred in the reaction. and It is the ohmic resistivity of the electrolyte. It is the effective area of ​​the membrane. It is the electrode overvoltage coefficient. It is the operating temperature of the electrolytic cell; This indicates the operating voltage of the electrolytic cell. This represents the reversible voltage of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the ohmic voltage of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the polarization voltage of the electrolytic cell; Indicates Gibbs free energy, This represents the empirical coefficient.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined, including: Based on the mechanism model of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the hydrogen fuel cell was simulated, and the curves of the output thermal power of the hydrogen fuel cell as a function of current density and the curves of the output electrical power as a function of current density were obtained at different temperatures. By integrating the curves of output thermal power versus current density and output electrical power versus current density at the same temperature, the curves of output electrical power versus output thermal power of hydrogen fuel cells at different temperatures are obtained. The curves of output electrical power versus output thermal power are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of hydrogen fuel cells.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the nonlinear relationship between the output thermal power and output electrical power of a hydrogen fuel cell, the power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined, including: For any given temperature, the curve of output electrical power versus output thermal power is segmented to obtain multiple intervals of output electrical power versus output thermal power curves. By fitting the output thermal power and the corresponding output electrical power on the curve for each interval, nonlinear relationships between the output electrical power and the output thermal power are obtained for multiple intervals. Based on the nonlinear relationship between the output electrical power and the output thermal power in multiple temperature ranges, the upper and lower bound functions of the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined. Based on the upper and lower bound functions of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the power constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell are determined.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power constraints for hydrogen fuel cells are: ； in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output electrical power at any time This is the lower bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell, i.e., the relationship between the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell and the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell. The lower bound of the output power at any given time. This is the upper bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell, representing the function of the hydrogen fuel cell in... The upper bound of the output power at any given time. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output thermal power at any time and All of these are parameters in the lower bound function of the output power of a hydrogen fuel cell. and These are all parameters in the upper bound function relation of the output electrical power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer is determined, including: Based on the mechanism model of the electrolyzer in the electrothermal hydrogen integrated energy system, the electrolyzer was simulated to obtain the curves of the electrolyzer's power consumption versus time at different temperatures, as well as the curves of hydrogen production power versus time. The curves showing the change of power consumption and hydrogen production power over time at the same temperature were integrated to obtain the curves showing the change of hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer at different temperatures. The curves showing the change of hydrogen production power and power consumption are used to represent the nonlinear relationship between the hydrogen production power and power consumption of the electrolyzer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the nonlinear relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption in the electrolyzer, the power constraints of the electrolyzer are determined, including: The maximum and minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell at all temperatures are defined as the maximum power consumption and minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell, respectively. For any given temperature, the curve of hydrogen production power versus power consumption is segmented to obtain curves of hydrogen production power versus power consumption for multiple intervals. By fitting the hydrogen production power and corresponding power consumption on the curve for each interval, nonlinear relationships between hydrogen production power and power consumption are obtained for multiple intervals. Based on the nonlinear relationship between hydrogen production power and power consumption in multiple temperature ranges, the upper and lower bound functions of hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer are determined. Based on the upper and lower bounds of the hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer, as well as the maximum and minimum power consumption, the power constraints of the electrolyzer are determined.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power constraint conditions for the electrolytic cell are: ； in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Hydrogen production power at any given time The lower bound function relating the hydrogen production power of an electrolyzer to the capacity of the electrolyzer. The lower bound of hydrogen production power at any given time. The upper bound function relating the hydrogen production power of an electrolyzer to the total hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer. The upper bound of hydrogen production power at any given time. Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Power consumption at any time This indicates the minimum power consumption of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the maximum power consumption of the electrolytic cell.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraints of the capacity optimization configuration model also include: capacity constraints, cogeneration constraints, wind power constraints, electrolyzer constraints, hydrogen fuel cell constraints, methane generator constraints, gas boiler constraints, energy storage device constraints, electric power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, gas power balance constraints, and hydrogen power balance constraints. Capacity constraints: ； in, , and These represent the capacities of the hydrogen storage device, electrolyzer, and hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacities of the hydrogen storage device, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacities of the electrolytic cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. Constraints of Cogeneration: ； in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. and These represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum ramp power of the combined heat and power unit, respectively. and These represent the minimum and maximum heat-to-power ratios of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, respectively. Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at any time and These respectively represent the combined heat and power units in Output electrical power and output thermal power at any given time. Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption at any time Indicates that the combined heat and power unit is Gas consumption power at any given time; Wind power constraints: ； in, and They represent Actual wind power output and predicted wind power output at any given time; Electrolytic cell constraints: ； in, and These respectively represent the electrolytic cell at Time and Power consumption at any time and Indicates the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the electrolytic cell; Constraints of hydrogen fuel cells: ； in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Hydrogen consumption power at any time and These represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. and These represent the minimum climbing power and the maximum climbing power, respectively. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Hydrogen consumption power at any given time; Methane generator constraints: ； in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of the methane generator. and Indicates that the methane generator is in The gas production power and hydrogen consumption power at any given time, and These represent the minimum and maximum hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator, respectively. Indicates that the methane generator is in Hydrogen consumption power at any time and These represent the minimum ramp power and maximum ramp power of the methane generator, respectively. Constraints of gas-fired boilers: ； in, This indicates the energy conversion efficiency of a gas-fired boiler. and These respectively represent the gas-fired boiler in The power consumption and output heat power at any given time. and These represent the minimum and maximum gas consumption power of the gas-fired boiler, respectively. Indicates that the gas boiler is Gas consumption at any time and These represent the minimum and maximum ramp power of the gas-fired boiler, respectively. Constraints of energy storage devices: ； in, and These respectively represent the energy storage devices in The charging power and discharging power at any given time. x These respectively represent energy storage equipment, thermal storage equipment, gas storage equipment, and hydrogen storage equipment. and They represent The charging and discharging indicators at specific times. and These represent charging efficiency and discharging efficiency, respectively. This indicates the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage device. express Energy storage capacity at any given time Indicates the rated power of the energy storage device. express The capacity of energy storage devices at all times express The capacity of energy storage devices at all times Indicates the rated capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates the initial capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates that energy storage devices are in T Capacity of time, Indicates the minimum capacity of the energy storage device. Indicates the maximum capacity of the energy storage device; Electric power balance constraints: ； in, express Power purchase capacity at any time Indicates the maximum power purchase capacity. express Electrical load at any given time express The charging power of the energy storage device at all times. This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output electrical power at any given moment; Thermal power balance constraint: ； in, This indicates that hydrogen fuel cells are in Output thermal power at any time express The heat load at any time, express The charging power of the thermal storage equipment at all times; Gas power balance constraints: ； in, express Gas purchase capacity at any time Indicates the maximum gas purchase capacity. express Gas load at any time, express The charging power of the gas storage equipment at all times; Hydrogen power balance constraint: ； in, Indicates that the electrolytic cell is in Hydrogen production power at any given time express The charging power of the hydrogen storage device at all times.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function is: ； in, Indicates investment cost, Indicates equipment operating costs, Indicates energy purchase cost, Indicates the cost of wind curtailment. This indicates the tiered carbon trading costs; ； ； ； ； ； ； ； ； in, These are respectively represented as the investment costs for hydrogen energy storage, electrolyzer, and hydrogen fuel cells. Expressed as the equipment discount rate, Indicates the service life of hydrogen storage equipment. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen storage equipment. Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen storage device. Indicates the service life of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the capacity of the electrolytic cell. Indicates the service life of a hydrogen fuel cell. This indicates the unit capacity investment cost of hydrogen fuel cells. Indicates the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell. This represents the operating cost coefficient of hydrogen energy equipment. Indicates hydrogen energy equipment in Operating power at any given time and These represent the unit price for electricity and the unit price for gas, respectively. and They represent in The power and gas purchased at any given time This represents the unit cost of wind curtailment. Indicates in The actual wind power output at any given time. Indicates in Forecast wind power output at any given time This represents the benchmark price for carbon trading. Indicates the length of the carbon emission interval. Indicates the price growth rate. This indicates the volume of carbon transactions.

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