Electromagnetic field electricity taking fusion circuit with wide current working interval and handover method

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic field electricity-taking fusion circuit with a wide current working interval and a handover method, the electromagnetic field electricity-taking fusion circuit comprises a power line, a magnetic core, an aluminum plate, an electric field self-electricity-taking device, a magnetic field self-electricity-taking device and a voltage reduction module, the power line and the aluminum plate are respectively connected to the input end of a rectifier bridge in the electric field self-electricity-taking device to charge an electric field electricity-taking capacitor bank; two ports of the electric field electricity taking winding are respectively connected with the rectifier bridge and the switch tube to form an electric field discharge loop; the magnetic field electricity-taking winding charges the magnetic field electricity-taking capacitor through the rectifier bridge, and after the input voltage of the voltage reduction module reaches a threshold value, power is supplied to a load. When the current of the power line is extremely small, the electric field self-power-taking device intermittently supplies energy to the load through pulse discharge; when the current of the power line is increased, the magnetic field self-power-taking device supplies power, the electric field power-taking capacitor bank serves as an energy shunting element, and self-adaptive discharge of magnetic field energy and dynamic adjustment of the input voltage of the voltage reduction module are realized by adjusting the capacitance. According to the invention, fusion and switching of electromagnetic field electricity taking in a wide current working interval are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power supply technology for electric equipment, and in particular to an electromagnetic field power fusion circuit and handover method with a wide current working range, which is mainly used in the power supply system of a power equipment status sensing device. Background Art

[0002] As new power systems develop, power equipment status sensing technology continues to evolve toward multifunctional integration and wireless communication. Currently, most power equipment status sensing devices rely on chemical batteries for power. However, these batteries present high replacement costs, difficult recycling, and inconvenient disposal, limiting their widespread adoption. Consequently, environmental energy harvesting technologies have emerged, with magnetic field and electric field power harvesting being prominent as typical approaches.

[0003] Magnetic field power generation technology, with its high power density, holds the potential to efficiently power devices. However, transmission line currents fluctuate widely, ranging from a few amperes to thousands of amperes, presenting numerous challenges for magnetic field power generation devices. At low currents, magnetic field power generation devices experience power dead zones, preventing them from providing sufficient energy to the device. At high currents, the magnetic core easily saturates, overheating, and even burning out. Furthermore, the spikes generated by the power winding during saturation can easily break down subsequent power generation circuits, severely impacting power generation stability and device safety. In contrast, electric field power generation technology utilizes high-voltage line voltages to power devices by harvesting energy from the electric field in space. Because transmission line operating voltages are relatively stable, electric field power generation offers the advantage of stable output power. However, this technology also has significant drawbacks. The actual charging current of its energy storage circuit is typically only in the μA range, resulting in weak energy capture capabilities and difficulty meeting the high energy demands of devices.

[0004] To address these issues, researchers have conducted extensive research on optimizing the windings, core design, and circuit design of magnetic field power harvesting devices, achieving some success. For example, optimizing the windings and core design has significantly improved power harvesting efficiency and stability, while adopting advanced circuit design has effectively mitigated core saturation. However, existing technologies still cannot completely address the impact of line current fluctuations on magnetic field power harvesting devices, nor the problem of low electric field power harvesting energy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic field power fusion circuit and handover method with a wide current working range, to achieve the fusion and switching of electromagnetic field power within a wide current working range, to ensure that the power equipment status sensing device can stably obtain sufficient energy under different current conditions, and to improve the reliability and adaptability of the energy supply system.

[0006] Technical solution: The electromagnetic field power fusion circuit with a wide current working range described in the present invention includes: a magnetic core, an aluminum plate, a power line, an electric field self-power device, a magnetic field self-power device and a step-down module. The electric field self-power device includes an electric field self-power winding, an electric field self-power rectifier bridge, an electric field power capacitor group and a control switch group. The magnetic field self-power device includes a magnetic field self-power winding, a magnetic field self-power rectifier bridge, a magnetic field power capacitor and a voltage source; the electric field self-power winding and the magnetic field self-power winding share a magnetic core to form an electric field. A power-taking flyback transformer is used, and the magnetic core serves as the magnetic field taking electromagnetic core; the power line and the aluminum plate are connected to the electric field self-taking rectifier bridge as two electrodes to charge the electric field taking capacitor, and the two ends of the electric field self-taking winding are respectively connected to the electric field self-taking rectifier bridge and one side of the control switch group to form a discharge circuit; the control switch group is used to control the electric field taking capacitor group to connect or disconnect the discharge circuit, and the two ends of the magnetic field self-taking winding are connected to the magnetic field self-taking rectifier bridge to charge the magnetic field taking capacitor, and the two ends of the magnetic field taking capacitor are connected to the step-down module to supply power to the load.

[0007] Optionally, the electric field power taking capacitor group is composed of several capacitors connected in series, each capacitor is equipped with a control switch and connected to the electric field power taking winding; capacitor C0 is connected in series with a MOSFET switch tube S0 to control the discharge of the electric field power taking capacitor, capacitor C i Equipped with AC switch S i It is connected to the electric field power taking winding, i=1,2,…,n, and the capacitance reactance is changed by the AC switch to achieve adaptive adjustment of the working state of the magnetic core.

[0008] Optionally, the working state of the switch tube S0 is controlled by a hysteresis comparator, and the input voltage of the hysteresis comparator is determined by the discharge voltage of the electric field charging capacitor group.

[0009] Optional, AC switch S i The dual MOSFET is designed to be connected back to back, and its working state is controlled by the hysteresis comparator. The input voltage of the hysteresis comparator is determined by the input voltage U DC Decide.

[0010] Optionally, the electromagnetic field power fusion circuit also includes an auxiliary power supply circuit, which is composed of a voltage regulator and a transistor, and is used to provide energy for the electronic device functions on the electric field power supply side or for the step-down module input voltage monitoring electronic device.

[0011] Optionally, under the natural isolation characteristics between the dual windings of the energy-taking magnetic core, the auxiliary power supply circuit has different working modes in different energy supply modes: when the step-down module input voltage U DC U DC DC,min ​When the electric field self-powered device is used as the main energy source, the auxiliary power supply is connected in parallel with the electric field power-taking capacitor group to provide stable energy for the electronic devices on the electric field power-taking side; when the power line current increases and the step-down module input voltage U DC Meet U DC >U DC,min When the magnetic field self-power device is used as the main energy source, the auxiliary power supply is transplanted to the magnetic field power side and connected in parallel with the magnetic field power capacitor to supply U DC Voltage monitoring electronics supply.

[0012] The electromagnetic field power handover method of the present invention reuses the energy storage and energy allocation functions of the electric field power capacitor according to the power line current fluctuation, and adaptively adjusts the number of capacitors connected to the electric field power winding; the method comprises the following steps:

[0013] When the power line current is extremely small, that is, the input voltage of the step-down module U DC Meet U DC DC,min When the electric field is used for power supply, the electric field self-power device increases the voltage of the magnetic field power capacitor through pulse discharge to provide intermittent energy for the load; when the power line current increases and the step-down module input voltage U DC Meet U DC,min DC DC,max When the power line current continues to increase, the input voltage of the step-down module exceeds its input threshold voltage, that is, U DC >U DC,max When the electric field takes the capacitor as the energy shunt element, the magnetic field energy is adaptively discharged and the input voltage of the step-down module is dynamically adjusted by adjusting the capacitor size; DC,min and U DC,max They are the startup threshold voltage and input threshold voltage of the buck module respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the selection of electric field capacitance parameters needs to meet the requirements of the AC switch S i After being turned on in sequence, i=1,2,…,n, the capacitance reactance of the capacitor connected to the electric field power winding circuit can make the input voltage of the step-down module U DC It is within the range of high and low voltages corresponding to the high and low levels output by the hysteresis comparator controlling the AC switch.

[0015] The electronic device described in the present invention includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program / instruction stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the electromagnetic field power transfer method are implemented.

[0016] ​​​The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention stores computer instructions, which, when called, are used to execute the steps of the electromagnetic field power transfer method.

[0017] Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the significant technical effects of the present invention are: in order to solve the problems that magnetic field power extraction is greatly affected by current fluctuations and electric field power extraction has low energy, the two power extraction methods are combined, and the adaptive switching of the working state of the magnetic core is realized through winding coupling interaction; when the power line current is large, the saturation depth and peak voltage of the magnetic core can be alleviated to protect the circuit components; when the current is small, the electric field power extraction capacitor is cut off and the load output voltage is raised to ensure the stability of the load power, which greatly improves the stability and reliability of the energy supply; and the power supply is reasonably configured by utilizing the dual-winding isolation characteristics of the magnetic core, without the need for external batteries or power supplies, which not only reduces costs but also simplifies the system structure; at the same time, it avoids the problem of chemical battery replacement and recycling, conforms to the green environmental protection concept, and improves the overall cost performance of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The theoretical analysis model and vector diagram of the electric field and magnetic field fusion power extraction theory, where (a) is the equivalent circuit diagram of the electric field and magnetic field fusion power extraction theory analysis, and (b) is the vector diagram;

[0019] Figure 2 The graphs show the influence of electric field capacitance on the initial magnetic permeability of the core, where (a) the initial relative magnetic permeability of the core is 3300 and (b) the initial relative magnetic permeability of the core is 100000.

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the electromagnetic field power fusion circuit, where (a) is the circuit structure diagram and (b) is the AC switch S i (i=1,2...n) structure diagram;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the electromagnetic field power transfer method;

[0022] Figure 5 The circuit diagrams for the charge and discharge control of the electric field power harvesting device and the saturation adaptive control of the magnetic field power harvesting device are shown in Figure 1. (a) is a schematic diagram of the hysteresis comparator switch control, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the hysteresis comparator level output.

[0023] Figure 6 This is the auxiliary power supply circuit diagram;

[0024] Figure 7 Build a diagram for the experimental platform;

[0025] Figure 8The waveforms of the magnetic field power winding voltage and the load voltage are shown in Figure 1, where (a) is the magnetic field power winding voltage output waveform and (b) is the load voltage output waveform.

[0026] Figure 9 The voltage waveforms before and after the switches are closed, where (a) is when S1 is closed and (b) is when S2 is closed;

[0027] Figure 10 The voltage waveforms before and after the switches are disconnected, where (a) is when S1 is disconnected and (b) is when S2 is disconnected. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] First, we analyze the load energy supply situation under the condition of dual-winding electromagnetic field self-energy extraction. One set of windings of the dual-winding electromagnetic field self-energy extraction device is connected to a capacitive load, and the other set is connected to a resistive load. Figure 1 A theoretical analysis model and vector diagram of the electric field and magnetic field fusion power supply are given, and the specific analytical relationship between the output voltage, output power and magnetic field strength of the resistive load connected to the magnetic field power supply winding and the power line current, resistive load and capacitive load connected to the electric field power supply winding is analyzed.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown in (a), one set of windings of the dual-winding electromagnetic field self-energy device is connected to a capacitive load, and the other set is connected to a resistive load. e are the power line current and the excitation current, I1 # and I2 # are the currents flowing through the magnetic field power winding and the electric field power winding, N s1 、N p1 are the turns of the magnetic field power winding and the electric field power winding, R1 and L1 are the internal resistance and leakage inductance of the magnetic field power winding, R2 and L2 are the internal resistance and leakage inductance of the electric field power winding, U c is the load capacitance C g Voltage, R L is the load resistance, R m and L m They are the excitation resistance and excitation inductance on the power line side, ignoring the excitation resistance R m The energy-taking magnetic core is made of high-permeability material, and the excitation resistance and the secondary coil leakage inductance L1 and L2 are ignored. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the induced voltages e1(t) and e2(t) of the electric field taking winding and the magnetic field taking winding are respectively expressed as:

[0031]

[0032] Where Φ is the magnetic flux in the core, r1, r2, and h are the inner radius, outer radius, and height of the core, respectively, μ is the magnetic permeability, f is the frequency of the power line current, angular frequency ω = 2πf, and ρ is the distance from a point outside the power line to the power line. Furthermore, the currents flowing through the electric field winding and the magnetic field winding are expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, E1 and E2 are the induced voltages of the electric field winding and the magnetic field winding, respectively, and Γ1 and Γ2 are I1 # 、I2 # Relative to the excitation current I e The proportionality coefficient, C g It is the capacitive load connected to the electric field power winding.

[0035] Figure 1 In (b), Φ is the magnetic flux in the core, and the phase angle γ can be expressed as:

[0036] γ=arctan(ωC g R2) -1 (3)

[0037] From the Pythagorean theorem we can get:

[0038] (I e -N p1 I2 # sinγ) 2 +(N s1 I1 # +N p1 I2 # cosγ) 2 =I1 2 (4)

[0039] Excitation current I e The relationship between the power line current I1 can be expressed as:

[0040]

[0041] Where Γ3 is the excitation current I e The proportionality coefficient compared to the power line current I1.

[0042] Resistive load R L Output voltage U L And the output power P can be expressed as:

[0043]

[0044] In addition, from Ampere's circuit theorem we know that:

[0045]

[0046] Where l is the length of the magnetic circuit and H is the magnetic field strength of the core.

[0047] Therefore, the magnetic field strength of the core can be expressed as:

[0048]

[0049] Figure 2 The curves of load voltage, output power and magnetic field intensity under different load values ​​and initial magnetic permeability of the core are given. Assuming that the inner and outer radii and height of the core are 20mm, 40mm and 25mm respectively, the wire diameter is 0.1mm, and taking PC95 and 1K107 cores as examples, the initial magnetic permeabilities are 3300 and 100000 respectively, and the power line current is set to 10A, the simulation analysis is carried out using finite element electromagnetic simulation software and joint simulation circuit. Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 As shown in (b), under the load condition of 10Ω, when the initial relative magnetic permeability of the magnetic core is low, there is an optimal electric field self-collection capacitance that allows the load voltage or output power to reach the optimal value. In addition, the range of magnetic field strength variation with the electric field self-collection capacitance of the magnetic core with high initial magnetic permeability is significantly lower than the range of magnetic field strength variation with the magnetic core with low initial magnetic permeability. Therefore, through the coupling effect of the dual windings wound on the magnetic core, selecting a suitable electric field self-collection capacitance can effectively reduce the magnetic field strength of the magnetic core and prevent the magnetic core from entering a saturation state. At the same time, the continuous growth of the electric field self-collection capacitance has a suppressive effect on the surge in the load voltage connected to the magnetic field collection device, preventing the input voltage of the step-down module from exceeding its maximum tolerance value.

[0050] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 From the analysis, we can see that there is a coupling relationship between the electric field and the magnetic field. Figure 3 (a) shows a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic field power fusion circuit, including a magnetic core, an aluminum plate, a power line, an electric field self-power device, a magnetic field self-power device, a step-down module, and a load. The electric field self-power winding and the magnetic field self-power winding share a ring-shaped high-permeability magnetic core to form an electric field power flyback transformer. At the same time, the magnetic core serves as the magnetic field power electromagnetic core. The power line and the aluminum plate are connected as two electrodes to the electric field self-power rectifier bridge to charge the electric field power capacitor. The two ends of the electric field self-power winding are respectively connected to the electric field self-power rectifier bridge and one side of the switch tube to form a discharge circuit. The electric field power capacitor is composed of several capacitors connected in series. Capacitor C0 is connected in series with a MOSFET switch tube S0 to control the discharge of the electric field power capacitor. Capacitor C i (i=1,2,…,n) are equipped with AC switch S i(i=1,2,…,n) is connected to the electric field power winding, and the capacitance reactance is changed by the AC switch to achieve adaptive adjustment of the working state of the magnetic core; the two ends of the magnetic field self-power winding are connected to the magnetic field self-power rectifier bridge to charge the magnetic field power capacitor, and then connected to the step-down module to supply power to the load. The input voltage of the step-down module is U DC . Figure 3 The AC switch S shown in (a) i (i=1,2,…,n), is designed by using dual MOSFETs and back-to-back connection. Its structure is as follows Figure 3 As shown in (b), the switch tube S0 and the AC switch S i The working states of the two switches are controlled by the corresponding hysteresis comparators.

[0051] Optionally, the annular core uses a high permeability core of model 1K107.

[0052] The present invention reuses the magnetic field-derived electromagnetic core as an electric field-derived flyback transformer, and constructs a dual-winding magnetic core structure for combined electric and magnetic field power generation.

[0053] The present invention aims to ensure that the magnetic field induced voltage is lower than the maximum input voltage threshold of the step-down module and to reduce the saturation of the energy-taking magnetic core under high power line current. The number of electric field power-taking capacitors connected to the electric field power-taking winding is adaptively adjusted based on the voltage value of the magnetic field power-taking capacitor. Figure 1 The coupling effect between windings is analyzed to realize the functions of small current electric field energy replenishment, large current core saturation suppression, and no external power supply intervention. DC,min and U DC,max is the startup threshold voltage and input threshold voltage of the buck module.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the electromagnetic field power handover method. The electromagnetic field power handover method reuses the electric field power capacitor energy storage and energy allocation functions according to the power line current fluctuation, and adaptively adjusts the number of capacitors connected to the electric field power winding. First, obtain the step-down module startup threshold voltage U DC,min and input threshold voltage U DC,max , monitor the input voltage U of the step-down module DC ; when U DC DC,min When the power line current is at an extremely low value, the self-powered mode is electric field power supply, and the magnetic field energy device is difficult to reach the starting threshold voltage of the step-down module. At this time, the switch S0 acts as a pulse discharge switch for the electric field energy, and adopts a "short-time high level, long-time low level" switching form. The electric field self-power device realizes the voltage increase of the magnetic field power capacitor through pulse discharge, which is an intermittent load function; when U DC,min DC DC,max ​​​When the power supply mode is magnetic field power supply, the load power supply energy is transferred from the electric field self-power device to the magnetic field self-power device; when the power line current continues to increase and causes the input voltage of the step-down module to exceed its input threshold voltage, that is, U DC >U DC,max In order to protect the step-down module, the electric field power-taking capacitor is used as an energy shunt element. The size of the electric field power-taking capacitor is adjusted in stages to achieve adaptive discharge of magnetic field energy and dynamically adjust the input voltage of the step-down module, thereby achieving reliable electromagnetic energy extraction and stable energy supply under a wide range of power line current waveforms.

[0055] Furthermore, the selection of electric field capacitance parameters needs to meet the requirements of the AC switch S i After being turned on in sequence, the capacitance reactance of the capacitor connected to the electric field power winding circuit can make the input voltage of the step-down module U DC It is within the range of high and low voltages corresponding to the high and low levels output by the hysteresis comparator controlling the AC switch.

[0056] Furthermore, when the power line current is low, the electric field self-powered capacitor is pulse-discharged to charge the magnetic field powered capacitor, and the ratio of the number of turns of the electric field powered winding to the number of turns of the magnetic field powered winding is much greater than 1.

[0057] Optionally, the working state of each switch equipped with the electric field power supply capacitor is controlled by the corresponding hysteresis comparator. The switch tube S0 controls the charging and discharging of the electric field power supply capacitor, and the input voltage of the corresponding hysteresis comparator is determined by the discharge voltage of the electric field power supply capacitor; the AC switch S i The on and off of the hysteresis comparator affects the saturation of the core and the size of the load voltage. The input voltage of the corresponding hysteresis comparator is determined by the input voltage U DC Decide.

[0058] In order to illustrate the adaptive regulation of the electric field charging capacitor to the magnetic field energy, the electric field charging capacitor takes three capacitors in series as an example. Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the charge and discharge control circuit of the electric field power device and the saturation control circuit of the magnetic field power device is given. Where α and β are the voltage division coefficients of the electric field power capacitor and the magnetic field power capacitor respectively, αU c and βU DC are the voltage divider values ​​at both ends of the electric field power taking capacitor and the magnetic field power taking capacitor after the resistor voltage divider, A0 is the hysteresis comparator that controls the pulse discharge of the electric field power taking device, A1 is the hysteresis comparator that controls the switch S1, A2 is the hysteresis comparator that controls the switch S2, and U ref0 、U ref1 and U ref2 are the reference voltage input values ​​of A0, A1 and A2 respectively, U DC,min A1 B1 A2 <U​​​B2 DC,max , U A1 and U A2 are the high and low level voltages output by the hysteresis comparator A1, U B1 and U B2 They are the high and low level voltages output by the hysteresis comparator A2 respectively. In order to give the output level changes of each hysteresis comparator more intuitively, Figure 5 (b) shows the voltage hysteresis diagram of each operational amplifier output under magnetic field saturation control.

[0059] Figure 5 (a) shows that when the power line is extremely small, the electric field power device is used as the main energy source for the load. When the power line current increases, the load voltage U DC More than U DC,min When the load main energy source is transferred from the electric field self-power device to the magnetic field self-power device. When the power line current continues to increase until the load voltage is U A2 When , the hysteresis comparator A1 outputs a high level signal to open the switch S1. At this time, the capacitors connected in series in the electric field power winding loop are changed from the original three capacitors to two capacitors, and the capacitance value becomes C1 / / C2. The equivalent capacitance is much smaller than C0. Figure 1 Analysis shows that if the power line current remains unchanged, the load voltage U DC The value of decreases sharply. When the power line current increases further, the load voltage U DC The value of the load voltage U DC More than U A2 and reach U B2 Until then, the hysteresis comparator A2 outputs a high level signal to open the switch S2, and the capacitor connected in series with the electric field power winding is only C2, and the load voltage U DC Similarly, when the power line current continues to decrease, the load voltage U DC Reduced to U A2 and U A1 When switches S2 and S1 are opened in sequence, the load voltage U DC Therefore, the specific steps of the configuration method for setting the electric field charging capacitor parameters are as follows:

[0060] 1) Assume that the power line current starts from 0 and gradually increases until the magnetic field capacitor voltage reaches U A2 When the switch S1 is closed, the electric field power taking capacitance value of the loop formed by the electric field power taking winding is C1 / / C2. In order to ensure the stable operation of the step-down module, the load voltage must ensure U A1 DC (C1,C2) A2 ;

[0061] ​​​2) When the power line current continues to rise, the voltage of the power capacitor exceeds U A2 Reach U B2 To ensure the reliable operation of the electromagnetic field hybrid energy harvesting system, the load voltage under S2 closing must meet U B1 DC (C2) B2 .

[0062] Figure 6 This is an auxiliary power supply circuit diagram connected in parallel with the electric field power-taking capacitor, used to power the electronic devices that control the pulse discharge of the electric field self-powering device. The voltage regulator stabilizes the auxiliary power input voltage within the tolerance voltage, and the transistor is used to enhance the driving capability of the auxiliary power supply. Due to the interface between electric field power taking and magnetic field power taking, the auxiliary power supply has two working states:

[0063] 1) When U DC DC,min That is, when the electric field self-powered device is used as the main energy source, the electric field power-taking auxiliary power supply provides stable energy for the voltage reference, operational amplifier and other electronic devices on the electric field power-taking side;

[0064] 2) When U DC >U DC,min When the magnetic field self-power device is used as the main energy source, the electric field power auxiliary power supply is transplanted to the magnetic field power side and connected in parallel with the magnetic field power capacitor based on the natural isolation characteristics between the double windings of the energy-taking magnetic core. DC Voltage monitoring electronics supply.

[0065] The operating voltages of the hysteresis comparator and the step-down module are provided by an auxiliary power supply.

[0066] Furthermore, the specific working process of the present invention includes:

[0067] (1) Electric field power supply: When the power line current is very low, the electric field power supply capacitor charges the magnetic field power supply capacitor through pulse discharge. When the magnetic field power supply capacitor voltage reaches the starting threshold voltage of the step-down module, power is supplied to the load. At this time, the auxiliary power supply is connected in parallel with the electric field power supply capacitor, and the energy obtained is used to power the hysteresis comparator that controls the switch tube S0.

[0068] (2) Magnetic field energy supply: When the power line current increases to the point where the voltage of the magnetic field power supply capacitor exceeds the starting threshold voltage of the step-down module, the load power supply energy is transferred from the electric field power supply device to the magnetic field power supply device; when the current line current increases to the point where the voltage of the magnetic field power supply capacitor exceeds the input threshold voltage of the step-down module, the AC switch S i The capacitive reactance in the winding circuit connected to the electric field becomes larger, which reduces the saturation of the magnetic core and the input voltage of the buck module, slowing down the rising trend of the input voltage of the buck module; when the power line current decreases from large to small, the AC switch S i ​​​The capacitors connected to the electric field power winding circuit are disconnected in sequence, and the capacitive reactance in the electric field power winding circuit becomes smaller, which increases the saturation of the magnetic core and the input voltage of the step-down module, slowing down the downward trend of the input voltage of the step-down module. In this process, the auxiliary power supply is connected in parallel with the magnetic field power capacitor, and the energy obtained is fed to the control switch tube S i The hysteresis comparator is powered.

[0069] The electronic device described in the present invention includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program / instruction stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the electromagnetic field power transfer method are implemented.

[0070] The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention stores computer instructions, which, when called, are used to execute the steps of the electromagnetic field power transfer method.

[0071] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the experimental platform setup. A three-plate platform is used to simulate the electric field power extraction environment. The top plate simulates a high-voltage power line, the middle plate simulates an actual electric field extraction electrode, and the bottom plate simulates the ground. The magnetic core model is 1K107, with an inner radius, outer radius, and height of 20mm, 40mm, and 25mm, respectively. The number of turns of the magnetic field extraction winding and the number of turns of the electric field extraction winding are 90 and 550, respectively. The electric field extraction capacitor uses three capacitors in series as the experimental object. It is important to note that the voltage across the magnetic field extraction capacitor must be greater than the voltage of the Zener diode to ensure stable operation of the auxiliary power supply.

[0072] Figure 8 Figures (a) and (b) show the waveforms of the magnetic field power-harvesting winding voltage and the load voltage. As the power line current slowly rises from 0A to approximately 1000A, AC switches S1 and S2 are sequentially turned on, limiting the load voltage to 18V. When the power line current reaches 1000A and gradually drops, switches S2 and S1 are sequentially turned off, allowing the load voltage to recover. This is consistent with the operating logic of the electromagnetic field power fusion and handover method described above for a wide current operating range.

[0073] Figure 9 (a) and (b) are the waveforms of the magnetic field power winding voltage and the load voltage before and after S1 is closed and S2 is closed during the current rise process. After the switch is closed, the peak wave voltage of the magnetic field power winding and the load voltage are significantly reduced, and the degree of core saturation is significantly reduced.

[0074] Figure 10 (a) and (b) are the waveforms of the magnetic field power winding voltage and the load voltage before and after S1 is closed and S2 is opened during the current drop process. After the switch is opened, the peak wave of the magnetic field power winding deepens, the load voltage increases, and the degree of core saturation increases significantly.

[0075] Compared to traditional electromagnetic field hybrid energy harvesting devices, the electromagnetic field power fusion circuit and handover method with a wide current working range proposed in the present invention can not only realize electromagnetic field hybrid energy harvesting, but also effectively control the core saturation state and load output voltage. Through the coupling interaction between the electric field power harvesting winding and the magnetic field power harvesting winding, two-stage switch adaptive switching can be achieved without the intervention of an external power supply. When the power line current is large, it can effectively alleviate the core saturation depth and peak voltage, avoiding the breakdown of the magnetic field power harvesting winding in the step-down module and other devices under high current conditions. When the power line current is small, it can effectively cut off the electric field power harvesting capacitor and raise the actual load output voltage to prevent insufficient load output power.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic field power fusion circuit with a wide current working range, characterized in that: include: A magnetic core, an aluminum plate, a power line, an electric field self-power supply device, a magnetic field self-power supply device and a step-down module. The electric field self-power supply device includes an electric field self-power supply winding, an electric field self-power supply rectifier bridge, an electric field power supply capacitor group and a control switch group. The magnetic field self-power supply device includes a magnetic field self-power supply winding, a magnetic field self-power supply rectifier bridge, a magnetic field power supply capacitor and a voltage source. The electric field self-power supply winding and the magnetic field self-power supply winding share a magnetic core to form an electric field power supply flyback transformer, and the magnetic core also serves as a magnetic field power supply electromagnetic core. The power line and the aluminum plate are connected to the electric field self-power supply rectifier bridge as two electrodes to charge the electric field power supply capacitor group. The two ends of the electric field self-power supply winding are respectively connected to one side of the electric field self-power supply rectifier bridge and the control switch group to form a discharge circuit. The control switch group is used to control the electric field power supply capacitor group to connect or disconnect to the discharge circuit. The two ends of the magnetic field self-power supply winding are connected to the magnetic field self-power supply rectifier bridge to charge the magnetic field power supply capacitor. The two ends of the magnetic field power supply capacitor are connected to the step-down module to supply power to the load.

2. The electromagnetic field power fusion circuit with a wide current working range according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field power taking capacitor group is composed of several capacitors connected in series. Each capacitor is equipped with a control switch and connected to the electric field power taking winding. Capacitor C0 is connected in series with a MOSFET switch tube S0 to control the discharge of the electric field power taking capacitor. i Equipped with AC switch S i Connected to the electric field power winding, i = 1, 2, ..., n, the capacitance reactance is changed by the AC switch to achieve adaptive adjustment of the working state of the magnetic core.

3. The electromagnetic field power fusion circuit with a wide current working range according to claim 2, characterized in that: The working state of the switch tube S0 is controlled by a hysteresis comparator, and the input voltage of the hysteresis comparator is determined by the discharge voltage of the electric field charging capacitor group.

4. The electromagnetic field power fusion circuit with a wide current working range according to claim 2, characterized in that: AC switch S i The dual MOSFETs are connected back-to-back, and their working state is controlled by the hysteresis comparator. The input voltage of the hysteresis comparator is controlled by the input voltage U DC Decide.

5. The electromagnetic field power fusion circuit with a wide current working range according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic field power fusion circuit also includes an auxiliary power supply circuit, which is composed of a voltage regulator tube and a triode, and is used to provide energy for the electronic device functions on the electric field power supply side or for the step-down module input voltage monitoring electronic device.

6. The electromagnetic field power fusion circuit with a wide current operating range according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary power supply circuit has different working modes in different energy supply modes: when the step-down module inputs the voltage U DC Meet U DC DC,min When the electric field self-powered device is used as the main energy source, the auxiliary power supply is connected in parallel with the electric field power-taking capacitor group to provide stable energy for the electronic devices on the electric field power-taking side; when the power line current increases and the step-down module input voltage U DC Meet U DC >U DC,min When the magnetic field self-power device is used as the main energy source, the auxiliary power supply is transplanted to the magnetic field power side and connected in parallel with the magnetic field power capacitor to supply U DC Voltage monitoring electronics supply.​ 7. An electromagnetic field power supply handover method based on the electromagnetic field power supply fusion circuit with a wide current working range according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: According to the fluctuation of the power line current, the energy storage and energy allocation functions of the electric field power taking capacitor are reused to adaptively adjust the number of capacitors connected to the electric field power taking winding; the steps include: When the power line current is extremely small, that is, the input voltage of the step-down module U DC Meet U DC DC,min When the electric field is used for power supply, the electric field self-power device increases the voltage of the magnetic field power capacitor through pulse discharge to provide intermittent energy for the load; when the power line current increases and the step-down module input voltage U DC Meet U DC,min DC DC,max When the power line current continues to increase, the input voltage of the step-down module exceeds its input threshold voltage, that is, U DC >U DC,max When the electric field is charged, the capacitor group is used as an energy shunt element to realize the adaptive discharge of magnetic field energy and dynamic adjustment of the input voltage of the step-down module by adjusting the capacitance size; DC,min and U DC,max They are the startup threshold voltage and input threshold voltage of the buck module respectively.​​​ 8. The electromagnetic field power transfer method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The selection of electric field capacitor parameters needs to meet the requirements of the AC switch S i After being turned on in sequence, i=1,2,…,n, the capacitance reactance of the capacitor connected to the electric field power winding circuit can make the input voltage of the step-down module U DC It is within the range of high and low voltages corresponding to the high and low levels output by the hysteresis comparator controlling the AC switch.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program / instruction stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the electromagnetic field power transfer method according to any one of claims 7 to 8 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are called, they are used to execute the steps of the electromagnetic field power transfer method according to any one of claims 7 to 8.

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