Preparation method of solar cell and solar cell

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the photovoltaic field, and provides a preparation method of a solar cell and the solar cell. The method comprises the following steps: calculating the weight of a battery piece before single-piece printing and the weight of the battery piece after single-piece printing in preparation according to data acquired by a weight sensor; calculating wet weight data according to a difference value between the weight of the single sheet before printing and the weight of the single sheet after printing; and according to the size of the wet weight data, printing parameters of the printing machine are adjusted to obtain updated printing parameters, and the printing machine is controlled to adopt the updated printing parameters to print the prepared battery piece so as to prepare the solar battery piece. According to the method, accidental errors of a traditional single-piece measurement mode are eliminated through measurement of the multiple sensors, the wet weight of the battery piece is reflected more accurately, the sensors test data in real time without shutdown, printing parameters of a printing machine are adjusted according to the detected data, data hysteresis does not exist, the state of a production line can be monitored in time, and the production efficiency is improved. And parameters of the printing machine can be adjusted in time to ensure that production line efficiency and yield run at the optimal level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to a method for preparing a solar cell and a solar cell. Background Art

[0002] During the photovoltaic cell production process, the cell paste is printed onto the cell surface. The wet weight of the printed paste not only determines the cell's electrical performance to a certain extent, but also significantly impacts the cost of manufacturing. Therefore, the wet weight of the printed cell must be regularly measured during the production process.

[0003] Current methods for measuring the wet weight of solar cells suffer from large errors, production capacity constraints, and delayed data feedback. Furthermore, existing testing techniques infrequently result in data lags, making it difficult to detect production line anomalies. This delay leads to delays in adjusting printing press parameters and a low yield rate for solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a solar cell and a solar cell, which can at least solve the problem in the prior art that the measurement error of the wet weight of the solar cell is large and the data feedback is not timely, resulting in the inability to accurately adjust the printing parameters and the low yield rate.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present application, on the one hand, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell, comprising: obtaining a single pre-printing weight and a single post-printing weight of a cell being prepared, the single pre-printing weight being a weight of the cell being prepared before printing, calculated based on a plurality of pre-printing weight data, the single post-printing weight being a weight of the cell being prepared after printing, calculated based on a plurality of post-printing weight data, the pre-printing weight data being the weight of the cell being prepared collected by a weight sensor in front of a printer, and the post-printing weight data being the weight of the cell being prepared collected by a weight sensor behind the printer; calculating wet weight data based on a difference between the single pre-printing weight and the single post-printing weight; adjusting printing parameters of the printer based on the size of the wet weight data to obtain updated printing parameters, and controlling the printer to print the cell being prepared using the updated printing parameters to prepare solar cells, wherein the yield rate of the solar cells prepared using the updated printing parameters is greater than a preset yield rate.

[0006] In some embodiments, obtaining a single pre-printing weight and a single post-printing weight of a battery cell under preparation includes: obtaining multiple first pre-printing weights and multiple first post-printing weights of the battery cell under preparation, wherein the multiple first pre-printing weights are weight data obtained by detecting different positions of the battery cell under preparation before passing through the printer, and the multiple first post-printing weights are weight data obtained by detecting different positions of the battery cell under preparation after passing through the printer, and a set of corresponding first pre-printing weights and first post-printing weights are weight data detected at the same position of the battery cell under preparation; performing a weighted average calculation on the multiple first pre-printing weights of the battery cell under preparation to obtain the single pre-printing weight of the battery cell under preparation; performing a weighted average calculation on the multiple first post-printing weights of the battery cell under preparation to obtain the single post-printing weight of the battery cell under preparation.

[0007] In some embodiments, the weights of multiple first pre-printing weights are different, and the weight of the first pre-printing weight whose detection position is close to the center of the battery cell under preparation is greater than the weight of the first pre-printing weight whose detection position is far from the center of the battery cell under preparation.

[0008] In some embodiments, there are multiple battery cells under preparation, and one battery cell under preparation corresponds to one weight of the single cell before printing and one weight of the single cell after printing. The wet weight data is calculated based on the difference between the weight of the single cell before printing and the weight of the single cell after printing, including: determining the difference between the weight of the single cell before printing and the corresponding weight of the single cell after printing as the wet weight of the single cell, and the single cell wet weight corresponds one-to-one to the battery cell under preparation; and determining the summed average value of the wet weights of multiple single cells as the wet weight data.

[0009] In some embodiments, there are multiple battery cells under preparation, and obtaining the single-piece pre-printing weight and single-piece post-printing weight of the battery cell under preparation includes: obtaining multiple second pre-printing weights and multiple second post-printing weights, the multiple second pre-printing weights are respectively weight data of different positions of different battery cells under preparation detected before passing through the printer, and the multiple second post-printing weights are respectively weight data of different positions of different battery cells under preparation detected after passing through the printer, and a set of corresponding second pre-printing weights and second post-printing weights are weights detected at the same position of the same battery cell under preparation; performing weighted average calculation on the multiple second pre-printing weights to obtain the single-piece pre-printing weight; performing weighted average calculation on the multiple second post-printing weights to obtain the single-piece post-printing weight.

[0010] In some embodiments, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the wet weight data to obtain updated printing parameters, including: calculating the difference between the wet weight data and the standard wet weight, and calculating the ratio of the difference to the standard wet weight to obtain the over-limit ratio; adjusting the printing parameters of the printer according to the size of the absolute value of the over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters.

[0011] In some embodiments, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the absolute value of the over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters, including: when the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within a first range, the current printing parameters of the printer are kept unchanged, and a prompt message is sent, and the prompt message is the lower information including the data of the over-limit ratio; when the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within a second range, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, and the minimum value of the second range is the maximum value of the first range; when the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the first range for a first preset number of times in a row, or is within the second range for a second preset number of times in a row, or is within a third range, the printer is controlled to stop and an alarm message is sent, and the alarm message is information indicating that the printer has failed, and the first preset number of times is greater than the second preset number of times.

[0012] In some embodiments, the printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, including: obtaining a parameter mapping table, the parameter mapping table is a mapping relationship between the wet weight over-limit value and the printing pressure adjustment value and the scraper speed adjustment value of the printer, the wet weight over-limit value is in direct proportion to the printing pressure adjustment value and the scraper speed adjustment value, and the corresponding pressure adjustment value and speed adjustment value of the printer are determined according to the over-limit ratio and the parameter mapping table; the sum of the current printing pressure of the printer and the pressure adjustment value is determined as the updated pressure value, and / or the sum of the current scraper speed of the printer and the speed adjustment value is determined as the updated speed value to obtain the updated printing parameters.

[0013] In some embodiments, the printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, including: obtaining the equipment parameters of the printer, the equipment parameters at least including the service life of the scraper of the printer, the hardness of the scraper, the life of the screen of the printer, the tension of the screen and the deformation of the screen; adjusting the printing pressure and / or the scraper speed of the printer according to the size of the over-limit ratio and the equipment parameters of the printer to obtain the updated printing parameters.

[0014] In some embodiments, the printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, including: adjusting the first device parameter of the printer in a first manner according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain a first updated parameter, the first device parameter being one of the printing pressure and the scraper speed, wherein when the over-limit ratio is a positive number, the first manner is to increase, and when the over-limit ratio is a negative number, the first manner is to decrease; controlling the printer to use the first updated parameter to print the battery cell under preparation, detecting and calculating the updated over-limit ratio of the battery cell under preparation; adjusting the printing parameters of the printer according to the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters.

[0015] In some embodiments, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters, including: when the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is within the second range and the positive and negative signs of the updated over-limit ratio are the same as the positive and negative signs of the over-limit ratio, continuing to adjust the first device parameters of the printer according to the first method until the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is less than the minimum value of the second range; when the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is within the second range and the positive and negative signs of the updated over-limit ratio are different from the positive and negative signs of the over-limit ratio, adjusting the second device parameters of the printer according to the second method until the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is less than the minimum value of the second range, the second method is opposite to the first method.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method further includes: obtaining the transmission track speed of the battery cell being prepared; when the transmission track speed is greater than or equal to a first preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a first frequency; when the transmission track speed is less than the first preset speed threshold and greater than or equal to a second preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a second frequency, and the second frequency is less than the first frequency; when the transmission track speed is less than the second preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a third frequency, and the third frequency is less than the second frequency.

[0017] In some embodiments, all of the weight sensors are of the same type and have the same operating parameters.

[0018] In some embodiments, the weight sensor is a photoelectric weight sensor or a capacitive weight sensor.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a solar cell, wherein the solar cell is prepared by using any one of the methods for preparing a solar cell.

[0020] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages: This method uses multiple sensors for measurement, eliminating the accidental errors of traditional single-cell measurement methods and more accurately reflecting the wet weight of the cell. Furthermore, the sensors continuously monitor the wet weight online, eliminating the need to stop the machine for manual cell removal and reducing the risk of fragmentation. Furthermore, the sensors test data in real time and adjust the printing parameters of the printer based on the detected data without data lag, enabling timely monitoring of the production line status and adjustment of the printer parameters to ensure optimal production line efficiency and yield. This solves the problem in the prior art of large cell wet weight measurement errors and untimely data feedback, which results in an inability to accurately adjust printing parameters and a low yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] One or more embodiments are exemplified by the figures in the corresponding drawings. These exemplified descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute a scale limitation. In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the traditional technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process for preparing a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the installation position of a weight sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the installation position of another weight sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0025] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0026] 01. Printing machine; 02. Weight sensor; 021. First weight sensor; 022. Second weight sensor; 023. Third weight sensor; 024. Fourth weight sensor; 025. Fifth weight sensor; 03. Battery cell in preparation; 04. Battery transport track. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0030] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0035] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of the present application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are exaggerated for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) as being on another component or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or a third component may be present between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component as being on the surface of another component or as being formed or provided on the surface of a component, it means that there is no third component between the two components. In addition, when describing a component as being "substantially" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, unless otherwise specified, other components are not excluded, and other components may be further included. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located on" another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them) or another component can be present between them. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly on" another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it means that no other components are located between them.

[0037] The terms used herein in the description of the various embodiments are intended only to describe the specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, "part" is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. A component includes a layer, film, region, or plate.

[0038] As mentioned in the background, precise control of wet weight during solar cell production is crucial for optimizing cell efficiency, yield, and cost. Wet weight refers to the additional weight of a cell after silver paste is printed, which directly impacts its electrical performance and manufacturing cost. Traditional wet weight measurement methods rely primarily on manual labor. Before printing, an operator manually removes a cell from the production line and uses a weighing device to record its dry weight. After printing is complete, the same cell is manually removed and its wet weight measured. The difference between the two weights is considered the wet weight of the silver paste added during the printing process. Manual wet weight measurement is cumbersome and susceptible to operator technique and environmental factors (such as temperature and humidity fluctuations), resulting in high levels of random error in test results. Furthermore, manual handling of cells not only increases the risk of breakage but also disrupts production line operations, reducing machine uptime. Traditional wet weight testing is performed every one to three hours, resulting in a significant time lag in updating unit consumption data. This lag prevents timely feedback and correction when abnormal unit consumption occurs on the production line. Often, by the time the problem is discovered, the line has already been running for some time, impacting the yield and efficiency of the cell and increasing non-silicon costs. Manually measuring and recording wet weight data not only increases the potential for error, but also makes it difficult to connect manually recorded data with the company's manufacturing execution system (MES) in real time, making data traceability and analysis difficult and hindering the continuous optimization of the production process.

[0039] In order to solve the problem that the measurement error of the wet weight of the solar cell in the prior art is large and the data feedback is not timely, resulting in the inability to accurately adjust the printing parameters and a low yield rate, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a solar cell and a solar cell.

[0040] The following detailed description of the various embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many technical details are provided in the various embodiments of the present application to facilitate a better understanding of the present application. However, even without these technical details and the various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical solutions claimed in the present application can still be implemented.

[0041] In this embodiment, a method for preparing a solar cell is provided. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0042] Step S101, obtaining a single pre-printing weight and a single post-printing weight of a cell being prepared, wherein the single pre-printing weight is a weight of the cell being prepared before printing, calculated based on a plurality of pre-printing weight data; the single post-printing weight is a weight of the cell being prepared after printing, calculated based on a plurality of post-printing weight data; the pre-printing weight data is the weight of the cell being prepared, collected by a weight sensor before the printer; and the post-printing weight data is the weight of the cell being prepared, collected by a weight sensor after the printer;

[0043] Traditional solar cell screens utilize four printers, one for the front main grid and fine grid, and one for the back main grid and fine grid, hereafter referred to as the first, second, third, and fourth printers. Each printer has at least one set of sensors installed on the cell transport track at the front end, and at least one identical set of sensors installed on the cell transport track at the rear end. The multiple sensors in each set are arranged in an asymmetrical, staggered pattern, covering different areas of the cell (edges, center, etc.), minimizing measurement errors caused by cell position shifts or surface unevenness.

[0044] The weight sensor may be a photoelectric weight sensor or a capacitive weight sensor.

[0045] Photoelectric sensors measure weight by reflecting, obstructing, or transmitting a light beam, eliminating the need for physical contact with the object. They are suitable for delicate, sensitive items, or those requiring contamination-free measurement. Their fast response speed makes them ideal for dynamic weight checks or real-time monitoring on high-speed production lines. Due to their non-contact nature, photoelectric sensors are less susceptible to contaminants, are easy to clean, and have relatively low maintenance costs. They are also unaffected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, maintaining stability over a wide range of operating conditions.

[0046] However, strong light or changes in ambient light can affect the accuracy of photoelectric sensors, especially outdoors or in unstable lighting conditions. Obstructions or dust accumulation in the measurement path can affect the transmission of the optical signal, leading to measurement errors. While fast, photoelectric sensors may not be as accurate as other types of sensors for precision weight measurement, especially when detecting small changes in weight.

[0047] Capacitive sensors achieve very high measurement resolution, making them suitable for applications requiring high-precision weight detection. They can be used for both static weight measurement and dynamic weight fluctuations, offering considerable flexibility. Compared to other electrical devices, capacitive sensors are less sensitive to electromagnetic interference and can operate reliably in environments with electromagnetic noise. Capacitive sensors are typically small, making them easy to install in confined spaces, especially in applications requiring embedded designs. Compared to other high-precision sensors, capacitive sensors are relatively cost-effective for certain mass production requirements.

[0048] The output of a capacitive sensor is related to the dielectric constant of the material it contacts. Changes in the material of the object being measured may affect the measurement results. Capacitive sensors may experience zero-point drift and require regular calibration to maintain measurement accuracy. While capacitive sensors can be compact, their measurements can be affected by mechanical stress or structural deformation, especially in complex mechanical motion environments. While relatively inexpensive compared to some high-end sensors, capacitive sensors can require more complex circuit design and signal processing, increasing initial design and commissioning costs.

[0049] In summary, photoelectric weight sensors, due to their non-contact nature and fast response, are advantageous for high-speed, non-polluting, or fragile weight measurement. Capacitive weight sensors, on the other hand, are more suitable for applications requiring precise measurement and a small sensor size due to their high accuracy and resistance to environmental interference. The choice of sensor type should be based on a comprehensive consideration of factors such as specific measurement requirements, environmental conditions, cost budget, and ease of maintenance.

[0050] Furthermore, all of the weight sensors are of the same type and have the same operating parameters. Using the same sensor before and after the press reduces system design complexity, eliminating the need for separate hardware or software configurations tailored to the specific sensor characteristics. Sensors of the same model perform consistently under the same conditions, ensuring data comparability. This is particularly important for applications that require data comparison across time or locations, such as production line quality control and long-term environmental monitoring. Calibration methods and maintenance procedures for the same sensor are also typically similar, reducing the need for diverse training and operational maintenance, thereby lowering overall costs.

[0051] Before the cells reach the printer, weight sensors on the transport track collect weight data from multiple cells. This data includes the original weight of the cells before printing. From this pre-printing weight data, a specific calculation method (such as average or weighted average) is used to determine a representative value, which serves as the standard pre-printing weight for the cells in that preparation.

[0052] After the cells pass through the printer, the weight sensors on the transport track collect weight data for multiple cells. This data includes the weight of the cells after silver paste printing. Similarly, a representative value is calculated from these post-printing weight data to serve as the standard weight of the cells in this preparation.

[0053] By collecting weight data from multiple cells before and after printing and calculating a representative single-cell weight, the accuracy and reliability of wet weight measurements can be improved, reducing errors caused by accidental single-cell measurements. Compared to traditional manual sampling and measurement, this continuous online automatic measurement method can more promptly reflect the actual unit consumption level of the production line and provide real-time data support for subsequent process control and optimization.

[0054] Step S102, calculating wet weight data based on the difference between the weight of the single sheet before printing and the weight of the single sheet after printing;

[0055] The weight of each cell after printing is compared with its weight before printing. This typically involves subtracting the pre-printing weight from the post-printing weight. The difference represents the added weight of the cell due to the printing process. This difference is known as the wet weight data, which represents the undried weight of the silver paste or conductive paste applied to each cell via screen printing. Accurate wet weight calculation is crucial for process control, as it directly correlates to cell electrical performance indicators (such as conversion efficiency and internal resistance) as well as production costs. The calculated wet weight data is further processed, such as through statistical analysis and comparison with set thresholds, to assess the stability and efficiency of the printing process. This data is fed back to a central processing unit or monitoring system in real time, enabling online adjustments to printing parameters such as printing speed, printing pressure, and squeegee angle to ensure the wet weight is within the ideal range, thereby optimizing cell performance and cost.

[0056] Step S103: adjusting the printing parameters of the printer according to the size of the wet weight data to obtain updated printing parameters, and controlling the printer to print the cell being prepared using the updated printing parameters to prepare solar cells, wherein the yield rate of the solar cells prepared using the updated printing parameters is greater than the preset yield rate.

[0057] Specifically, in the production of solar cells, precise control of wet weight data is crucial for improving efficiency, yield, and reducing costs. Wet weight refers to the weight of the silver paste (or other conductive material) printed on the cell before it dries, which directly affects the cell's electrical performance. After sensors measure and calculate the wet weight data, this data is uploaded to a central processing unit (CPU) or terminal computer. The processor analyzes the data to determine whether the wet weight is within the ideal range—that is, whether it meets the preset upper and lower wet weight warning limits. If the wet weight data exceeds the preset range, the system automatically adjusts the printing press parameters, such as printing speed, printing pressure, and squeegee speed and angle. This automatic adjustment responds to changes in wet weight in real time, avoiding the lag and inaccuracy of traditional manual adjustments. The system calculates appropriate updated printing parameters to ensure that the wet weight of the next batch of cells returns to the ideal range, thereby improving the cell yield.

[0058] Upon receiving the updated printing parameters, the printer immediately adjusts its operating state and prints according to the new parameters. This real-time adjustment prevents the degradation of cell quality caused by prolonged use of incorrect parameters. The system continuously monitors wet weight data and adjusts printing parameters based on this feedback, forming a closed-loop control process to ensure that the cell yield rate remains at or above the preset threshold.

[0059] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages: This method uses multiple sensors for measurement, eliminating the accidental errors of traditional single-cell measurement methods and more accurately reflecting the wet weight of the cell. Furthermore, the sensors continuously monitor the wet weight online, eliminating the need to stop the machine for manual cell removal and reducing the risk of fragmentation. Furthermore, the sensors test data in real time and adjust the printing parameters of the printer based on the detected data without data lag, enabling timely monitoring of the production line status and adjustment of the printer parameters to ensure optimal production line efficiency and yield. This solves the problem in the prior art of large cell wet weight measurement errors and untimely data feedback, which results in an inability to accurately adjust printing parameters and a low yield.

[0060] In some embodiments, obtaining the weight of a single cell before printing and the weight of a single cell after printing of a cell being prepared comprises the following steps:

[0061] Step S201, obtaining a plurality of first pre-printing weights and a plurality of first post-printing weights of the battery cell being prepared, wherein the plurality of first pre-printing weights are weight data obtained by detecting different positions of the battery cell being prepared before passing through the printing press, and the plurality of first post-printing weights are weight data obtained by detecting different positions of the battery cell being prepared after passing through the printing press, and a corresponding set of the first pre-printing weights and the first post-printing weights are weight data detected at the same position of the battery cell being prepared;

[0062] Step S202, performing weighted average calculation on the plurality of first pre-printing weights of the battery cell being prepared to obtain the single pre-printing weight of the battery cell being prepared;

[0063] Step S203 , performing weighted average calculation on the plurality of first post-printing weights of the battery cell being prepared to obtain the single post-printing weight of the battery cell being prepared.

[0064] First, by obtaining multiple pre-printing and post-printing weights at different locations on the cell (such as the edge and center), this method can more comprehensively reflect the true distribution of cell weight. Because cell heterogeneity can occur, such as differences in thickness, density, or surface condition, a single-location measurement often cannot accurately represent the state of the entire cell. Multi-location measurement, by integrating information from different locations, makes the final wet weight calculation more accurate and reduces the impact of positional deviations on the measurement results.

[0065] Secondly, calculating a weighted average of multiple pre- and post-press weight readings, rather than relying solely on a single data point, significantly improves data reliability. This is because weighted averaging comprehensively considers measurements from different locations and adjusts the importance of the data based on preset weights (for example, edge sensors may have a lower weight than center sensors), thereby reducing the impact of random errors or local anomalies on the final result. Weighted averaging is a common data processing method that ensures that the final wet weight calculation remains highly accurate even if some sensor readings are abnormal.

[0066] Finally, through continuous online automatic measurement and real-time data feedback, this method can significantly improve production line efficiency and stability. Traditional manual measurement methods are not only time-consuming and susceptible to human factors, but also fail to reflect the status of the production line in a timely manner. Real-time wet weight data feedback helps technicians quickly identify any deviations from expectations, such as wet weight that is too high or too low, allowing them to immediately adjust printing press parameters (such as pressure and speed), avoiding the decline in product quality and production efficiency caused by abnormal wet weight. This immediate response capability helps prevent large-scale problems on the production line, reduces costs, and improves cell yield and production line uptime.

[0067] Take the first pre-printing weight and the first post-printing weight as an example, both are 5. Figure 2As shown, five weight sensors 02 are installed before and after the printing machine 01, namely the first weight sensor 021, the second weight sensor 022, the third weight sensor 023, the fourth weight sensor 024, and the fifth weight sensor 025. When the battery cell 03 being prepared is transferred from the battery transfer track 04 to the top of the weight sensor 02, the weight sensor 02 is used to detect the weight of the battery cell 03 being prepared at this time to obtain the first pre-printing weight and the first post-printing weight.

[0068] The specific weighted average formula is shown in Formula 1:

[0069] (Formula 1)

[0070] Among them, when calculating the weight of a single piece before printing, The weight of a single piece before printing. is the first pre-printing weight, is the weight corresponding to the first pre-printing weight, n is the actual calculated first pre-printing weight, if no outliers are removed, n is the number of weight sensors before the printing press, which is 5 in this embodiment. When calculating the weight of a single piece after printing, The weight of a single piece after printing. is the weight after the first printing, is the weight corresponding to the first post-printing weight, n is the actual calculated first post-printing weight, if no abnormal value is removed, n is the number of weight sensors before the printing press, which is 5 in this embodiment.

[0071] In addition, each weight sensor has an initial value, that is, the value displayed by the weight sensor when there is no battery cell being prepared on the weight sensor. Therefore, Formula 1 can also be transformed into Formula 2:

[0072] (Formula 2)

[0073] in, For measurement The meanings of other parameters in Formula 2 are the same as those in Formula 1.

[0074] Formula 2 above actually represents a zeroing process. This process pre-measures and records the weight of a container or carrier (such as a carrier on a cell transport track), automatically deducting this weight from subsequent weight measurements. This ensures that the final weight reflects only the true weight of the measured object (e.g., unprinted and printed cells). This is crucial for weight measurements in complex or dynamic environments, as it eliminates potential interference from the constant weight of the carrier, ensuring that the results are closer to the true value. On a continuous production line, the zeroing process ensures that each measurement is based on the same baseline—that is, the weight of the carrier is constantly deducted. This ensures high comparability between measurements taken at different points in time or at different locations, facilitating monitoring of cell weight trends over time or across process steps, a fundamental element for quality control and process optimization. In dynamic measurement environments, such as high-speed production lines, cells may move rapidly on the transport track, and the weight of the carrier may fluctuate slightly due to factors such as wear and accumulated matter (such as dust). The zeroing process automatically adjusts the baseline for the carrier weight in real time or periodically, ensuring stable and accurate measurement results even in such dynamic environments. The calculation method of adding the zeroing process can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of weight measurement, ensure the accuracy and comparability of data, simplify the data processing process, adapt to dynamic measurement environments, and reduce human errors.

[0075] In addition, if a certain test value deviates significantly from other test values, the test value is determined to be abnormal and is removed from the calculation to ensure the accuracy of the calculation.

[0076] That is, a weight sensor is installed on the transmission track. When the battery cell reaches the detection position, the sensor is triggered to start high-speed sampling (>1000 times / second) and complete data collection before the battery cell leaves. The central processing unit adds timestamp alignment technology to ensure that the front and back-end sensor data correspond to the same battery cell. During weighing, multiple areas are detected synchronously to reduce measurement errors caused by battery cell position offset or surface unevenness. The sensor data in the central area is preferentially selected as the benchmark value. The data reliability is improved through multi-sensor redundant design. When there are abnormal values, they are actively eliminated and the weight of a single cell is calculated using weighted average. The wet weight measurement accuracy is ±0.01g and it is compatible with battery cells of different sizes.

[0077] In some embodiments, the weights of the multiple first pre-printing weights are different, and the weight of the first pre-printing weight whose detection position is close to the center of the above-mentioned battery cell under preparation is greater than the weight of the first pre-printing weight whose detection position is far from the center of the above-mentioned battery cell under preparation.

[0078] Specifically, the edges of a cell may weigh differently than the center due to factors such as wear and tear during processing, cutting damage, or uneven slurry accumulation at the edges. Therefore, simply treating measurements at the edges and center equally may exaggerate edge effects and lead to inaccurate wet weight calculations. Giving greater weight to measurements in the center area more accurately reflects the wet weight of the entire cell and reduces the influence of edge non-uniformity. The center area is often considered the core of the cell, where its physical and chemical properties are more uniform and critical to cell performance. Emphasizing the weight data of the center area in the weighted average calculation enhances the overall stability of the wet weight calculation. This ensures that even if measurements at the edge fluctuate due to environmental or operational factors, the final wet weight calculation result will not be significantly affected, ensuring data reliability. The weight data in the center area better represents the average condition of the entire cell, as it is the area where the cell's functions are most concentrated. By giving the center area a higher weight, the calculated average wet weight better reflects the overall cell manufacturing performance, providing a more valuable reference for evaluating and controlling the unit consumption level of a production line.

[0079] By adjusting the weights of measurement values ​​at different locations, especially highlighting the weight of the central area in wet weight calculation, the accuracy and reliability of measurements can be effectively improved, process parameters can be optimized, and cost control and efficiency can be promoted.

[0080] For example Figure 2 In the process, the weight value of the weight sensor 02 at the center of the battery cell 03 (i.e., the third weight sensor 023) can be 100%, and the weight values ​​of the weight sensors 02 at the four edge corners of the battery cell 03 (i.e., the first weight sensor 021, the second weight sensor 022, the fourth weight sensor 024 and the fifth weight sensor 025) can be 80%.

[0081] In some embodiments, there are multiple cells in preparation, and each cell in preparation corresponds to one weight of the cell before printing and one weight of the cell after printing. Calculating wet weight data based on the difference between the weight of the cell before printing and the weight of the cell after printing comprises the following steps:

[0082] Step S1021, determining the difference between the weight of the single cell before printing and the weight of the corresponding single cell after printing as the single cell wet weight, wherein the single cell wet weight corresponds one-to-one to the cell being prepared;

[0083] Step S1022: determining the wet weight data by summing up the average of the wet weights of the plurality of single pieces.

[0084] Specifically, each cell in preparation corresponds to a precise single-cell pre-printing weight and a single-cell post-printing weight. The difference between the two is then directly calculated as the single-cell wet weight. The final wet weight data is obtained by summing and averaging the single-cell wet weights of multiple cells. This statistical method effectively reduces the impact of accidental factors on wet weight measurement, such as individual cell anomalies, small errors in the measurement process, or slight unevenness in slurry distribution. The average value provides a more stable and representative wet weight indicator that more accurately reflects the overall wet weight level of the production line. By calculating the single-cell wet weight of each cell, wet weight fluctuations in the production process can be more accurately monitored and controlled. If the single-cell wet weight data is found to be outside the preset normal range, the specific cell or production link can be quickly identified, and timely measures can be taken to prevent subsequent batches from being affected. At the same time, the average wet weight data can serve as a key indicator of production line performance, helping to identify and resolve potential production anomalies such as equipment failure and slurry problems, thereby improving cell yield and production line stability.

[0085] For example, the wet weight of five cells in preparation is calculated, and then the wet weight of the five cells is averaged to obtain the wet weight data. Specifically, as shown in Formula 3:

[0086] (Formula 3)

[0087] in, For wet weight data, The weight of a single piece before printing. is the weight of a single cell after printing, m is the number of cells in preparation, and in this embodiment, m is 5.

[0088] In the above embodiment, the first pre-printing weight and the first post-printing weight detected are both for the same battery cell in production. In actual application, multiple sets of weight sensors can be set, such as Figure 3 As shown, for example, if the weight of five cells 03 being prepared before printing (or after printing) needs to be collected, five sets of weight sensors 02 are provided. Each set of weight sensors 02 includes five weight sensors 02, namely a first weight sensor 021, a second weight sensor 022, a third weight sensor 023, a fourth weight sensor 024, and a fifth weight sensor 025. Each set of weight sensors is used to measure the weight of one cell being prepared before printing (or after printing).

[0089] It is also possible to set up only one set of weight sensors, such as Figure 2As shown, when using this set of weight sensors to detect weight data from different cells in production, timestamp technology is required to determine the correspondence between the weight data and the cells in production. When each cell enters the testing area (e.g., by a weight sensor), the system generates a unique timestamp. This timestamp contains the precise time the cell entered the testing area, in milliseconds or smaller, to ensure high accuracy. When the sensors begin measuring the cell's weight or other parameters, the collected data is closely associated with the generated timestamp. This means that each data collection operation records a timestamp to identify the time point to which the data corresponds. After receiving the timestamp-equipped test data, the central processing unit (CPU) sorts and processes the data based on the timestamp. Since the transport track speed for each process is known, the CPU can calculate the exact path and position of each cell on the production line based on the timestamp and transport speed. By analyzing the timestamps of the preceding and following sensor data, it can be determined that the data collected by the front and rear sensors corresponds to the same cell. Specifically, the central processor can identify which front-end sensor data and back-end sensor data are closest in time by comparing timestamps, that is, they are likely to correspond to the same batch or the same battery cell.

[0090] Additionally, if transmission congestion or anomalies cause problems with timestamp matching, an anomaly detection mechanism can be set up. For example, if the time difference between two sets of data exceeds a preset threshold for normal transmission time, the system can flag this data as an anomaly, potentially requiring manual inspection or recalibration of the sensor's timestamp generation mechanism.

[0091] This means ensuring time synchronization across all systems and devices is crucial to avoid timestamp discrepancies. In high-speed production environments, a high-frequency, high-precision timestamp generation mechanism is required to ensure that test data for each cell is accurately time-stamped. Efficient data storage and management systems are essential to quickly retrieve and process large amounts of timestamped data.

[0092] In some embodiments, there are multiple battery cells being prepared, and obtaining the weight of each battery cell before printing and after printing includes the following steps:

[0093] Step S301, obtaining a plurality of second pre-printing weights and a plurality of second post-printing weights, wherein the plurality of second pre-printing weights are weight data at different positions of different cells being prepared that have not passed through the printing press, and the plurality of second post-printing weights are weight data at different positions of different cells being prepared that have passed through the printing press, and a corresponding set of the second pre-printing weights and the second post-printing weights are weights at the same position of the same cell being prepared;

[0094] Step S302, performing weighted average calculation on the plurality of second pre-printing weights to obtain the single-sheet pre-printing weight;

[0095] Step S303 , performing weighted average calculation on the plurality of second post-printing weights to obtain the single-piece post-printing weight.

[0096] Specifically, the second pre-printing weight and the second post-printing weight are obtained for different cell locations. This means that each data point is collected from an independent cell and covers multiple regions of the cell. This method comprehensively reflects the weight variations of the cell at different locations and across different production batches. Compared to single-location or single-cell measurements, it more accurately captures local anomalies or batch variations that may exist within the production line, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the wet weight measurement. A weighted average of the second pre-printing weight and the second post-printing weight is calculated to obtain the average pre- and post-printing weight of the cell. This weighted average not only combines data from multiple cells but also adjusts the importance of each measurement based on the reliability of the location (e.g., the center area may have a higher weight than the edge areas). This method effectively reduces the impact of random errors and local anomalies on the final result, ensuring that the calculated wet weight data is more stable and reliable. By collecting data from multiple cells and performing statistical processing, this method is more statistically robust. Even if individual data points are abnormal, the weighted average calculation can largely smooth out their impact, preventing them from significantly biasing the wet weight measurement. This is especially important for scenarios in industrial production that require processing large amounts of data and maintaining quality stability.

[0097] In this embodiment, the Figure 2 A set of weight sensors is set up in the embodiment. That is, a set of weight sensors 02 is used to detect the weight of different positions of different battery cells 03 being prepared. The set of weight sensors 02 includes a first weight sensor 021, a second weight sensor 022, a third weight sensor 023, a fourth weight sensor 024, and a fifth weight sensor 025.

[0098] For example, if there are five cells in preparation, the first weight sensor detects the second pre-printing weight of the first cell in preparation (the weight at the upper left corner), the second weight sensor detects the second pre-printing weight of the second cell in preparation (the weight at the upper right corner), the third weight sensor detects the second pre-printing weight of the third cell in preparation (the weight at the center), the fourth weight sensor detects the second pre-printing weight of the fourth cell in preparation (the weight at the lower left corner), and the fifth weight sensor detects the second pre-printing weight of the fifth cell in preparation (the weight at the lower right corner). These five second pre-printing weights are then weighted averaged to obtain the single cell pre-printing weight.

[0099] In some embodiments, adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the wet weight data to obtain updated printing parameters includes the following steps:

[0100] Step S401, calculating the difference between the wet weight data and the standard wet weight, and calculating the ratio of the difference to the standard wet weight to obtain the excess ratio;

[0101] By calculating the ratio of the wet weight data to the standard wet weight, the excess ratio is obtained. This process can accurately quantify the degree of deviation between the wet weight data and the standard value.

[0102] Step S402 : adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the absolute value of the over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters.

[0103] Specifically, the control strategy implements a graded response based on the absolute value of the excess ratio. This means that when the wet weight deviates further from the target, the adjustment of printing parameters (such as printing pressure and squeegee speed) will be larger; whereas, when the deviation is smaller, the parameter adjustment will be more moderate. This graded response strategy facilitates refined control, avoids drastic fluctuations in wet weight caused by excessive adjustments, and ensures smoother and more stable wet weight control.

[0104] When the absolute value of the excess weight is large, the system can quickly identify and make significant parameter adjustments to quickly correct the wet weight deviation. This rapid response mechanism helps shorten the time it takes for wet weight to return to the target value, reducing the number of defective products in production, improving production line efficiency and product qualification rate.

[0105] By adjusting parameters based on the absolute value of the excess ratio, rather than solely on its sign, the system avoids parameter adjustment oscillation when the wet weight approaches the target value. This reduces the likelihood of repeated adjustments to printing parameters, avoids production fluctuations, and enhances system stability and production continuity.

[0106] When the wet weight deviation is small, smaller parameter adjustments are made to avoid unnecessary energy consumption and equipment wear. This mechanism helps reduce production costs and energy consumption, while also extending the service life of the equipment, in line with the concept of sustainable production.

[0107] According to the absolute value of the over-limit ratio, the printing parameters of the printing press are adjusted to obtain the updated printing parameters, further comprising the following steps:

[0108] Step S4021: When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the first range, the current printing parameters of the printing press are kept unchanged, and a prompt message is sent, wherein the prompt message includes the data of the over-limit ratio.

[0109] The first range is within ±3%. When the absolute value of the excess ratio falls within this range, the press maintains the current parameters and issues a warning message. This mechanism avoids overreaction to minor deviations, reduces unnecessary parameter adjustments, and maintains production process stability. Furthermore, these warning messages allow operators to monitor wet weight data changes and take preventative measures to prevent potential problems from escalating.

[0110] Step S4022: When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within a second range, adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the magnitude of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, wherein the minimum value of the second range is the maximum value of the first range;

[0111] The second range is ±3% to 8%. Large deviations in wet weight data are automatically adjusted within this second range. This dynamic adjustment mechanism rapidly adjusts the press's operating conditions based on real-time wet weight data, such as increasing or decreasing printing pressure and adjusting printing speed, to achieve the desired wet weight standard. This immediate responsiveness enhances the production line's adaptability to varying material properties and environmental changes, helping to maintain high-quality production.

[0112] Step S4023, when the absolute value of the above-mentioned over-limit ratio is within the above-mentioned first range for the first preset number of times in a row, or is within the above-mentioned second range for the second preset number of times in a row, or is within the third range, the above-mentioned printing press is controlled to stop and an alarm message is sent. The above-mentioned alarm message is information indicating that the above-mentioned printing press has failed, and the above-mentioned first preset number of times is greater than the above-mentioned second preset number of times.

[0113] The first preset number of times is three, the second preset number of times is two, and the third range is ±8% or above. If the absolute value of the over-limit ratio remains within the first range for the first preset number of consecutive times, within the second range for the second preset number of consecutive times, or exceeds the third range, the press automatically shuts down and issues an alarm. This design not only prevents small deviations from accumulating into major problems, but also enables immediate action when serious anomalies in wet weight data occur, avoiding scrap, reducing material waste and production costs, while also protecting the equipment from potential damage.

[0114] Specifically, by implementing the above steps, we can effectively control wet weight data while maintaining production efficiency, avoiding production problems caused by excessively high or low wet weights. This not only reduces the frequency of manual intervention and production costs, but also improves cell yield and overall production efficiency, ensuring high-performance operation of the production line.

[0115] In some embodiments, the printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the magnitude of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters comprises the following steps:

[0116] Step S11, obtaining a parameter mapping table, wherein the parameter mapping table is a mapping relationship between the wet weight over-limit value and the printing pressure adjustment value and the scraper speed adjustment value of the printing press, wherein the wet weight over-limit value is in direct proportion to the printing pressure adjustment value and the scraper speed adjustment value;

[0117] Step S12, determining the pressure adjustment value and speed adjustment value corresponding to the printing press according to the over-limit ratio and the parameter mapping table;

[0118] Step S13, determining the sum of the current printing pressure of the above-mentioned printing press and the above-mentioned pressure adjustment value as the updated pressure value, and / or determining the sum of the current scraper speed of the above-mentioned printing press and the above-mentioned speed adjustment value as the updated speed value, to obtain the above-mentioned updated printing parameters.

[0119] Specifically, by obtaining a parameter mapping table, the proportional relationship between wet weight overlimit values ​​and the adjustment values ​​for printing pressure and squeegee speed was clearly established. This means that printing pressure and squeegee speed can be precisely adjusted based on subtle changes in wet weight data, avoiding the production instability and material waste that can result from traditional extensive adjustments, and improving the level of precise control over the entire production process.

[0120] In steps S12 and S13, the system automatically determines the updated pressure and speed values ​​for the printing press based on the real-time overrun ratio. This automated decision-making process significantly reduces the need for manual judgment and intervention, improving production efficiency while also reducing errors caused by human factors, enhancing the automation and intelligence of the production line. By monitoring changes in wet weight data in real time and instantly adjusting the printing press's printing parameters according to a mapping table, a closed-loop control system is established.

[0121] This real-time response capability enables the production line to quickly respond to changes in material properties, equipment status, or environmental conditions, keeping wet weight data within the ideal range, thereby improving the production quality and consistency of the battery cells. The design of the parameter mapping table takes into account the positive proportional relationship between the wet weight overlimit value and the printing parameter adjustment value, which implies that larger wet weight deviations require larger parameter adjustments. When the system detects that the overlimit ratio continues to exceed a certain threshold, it can trigger preventive maintenance or exception handling procedures in advance, avoiding potential production accidents, reducing downtime and repair costs, and protecting equipment from damage. By timely and precise adjustment of the working status of the printing press, not only is the waste of raw materials such as silver paste reduced, but also production waste caused by improper wet weight control is avoided, thereby reducing production costs.

[0122] The above parameter mapping table is shown in Table 1:

[0123] Table 1. Parameter mapping table

[0124]

[0125] Table 1 above only shows a linear relationship between the adjustment value and the over-limit ratio. In actual applications, the pressure adjustment value and the speed adjustment value and the over-limit ratio may not necessarily have a strict linear relationship, and need to be determined based on actual needs.

[0126] In some embodiments, the printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the magnitude of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters comprises the following steps:

[0127] Step S21, obtaining equipment parameters of the printing press, the equipment parameters including at least the service life of the scraper of the printing press, the hardness of the scraper, the life of the screen of the printing press, the tension of the screen, and the deformation of the screen;

[0128] The above steps not only focus on the percentage of wet weight data exceeding limits but also capture a variety of press parameters, such as squeegee life, hardness, screen life, tension, and deformation. These parameters reflect the press's actual operating status and component wear, providing a more comprehensive basis for subsequent parameter adjustments.

[0129] Step S22: adjusting the printing pressure and / or the scraper speed of the printing press according to the size of the overrun ratio and the equipment parameters of the printing press to obtain the updated printing parameters.

[0130] Based on the size of the overrun ratio and the actual equipment status, the system intelligently adjusts printing pressure and / or scraper speed. This adjustment is no longer a single-dimensional one; instead, it comprehensively considers equipment health, material properties, and other factors that may affect wet weight. This results in updated printing parameters that better meet actual production needs, effectively correcting wet weight deviations while extending equipment life and reducing maintenance costs.

[0131] Specifically, by introducing equipment parameter considerations, this mechanism can also predictively identify equipment aging or wear. For example, when the scraper is nearing the end of its life, the system may automatically adjust the printing pressure or scraper speed to compensate for the change in wet weight due to the decline in scraper performance. This predictive maintenance can not only avoid sudden equipment failures, but also optimize resource allocation, avoid unnecessary component replacement, and save costs. The adjustment of printing parameters that comprehensively considers the over-limit ratio and equipment parameters can more accurately control the wet weight, reduce production anomalies caused by wet weight deviations, and improve the yield of battery cells. At the same time, this intelligent adjustment mechanism reduces the need for manual intervention, avoids production interruptions, maintains the continuity and efficiency of the production line, and is conducive to improving overall production efficiency.

[0132] In some embodiments, the printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the magnitude of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters comprises the following steps:

[0133] Step S31: adjusting a first device parameter of the printing press in a first manner according to the magnitude of the overrun ratio to obtain a first updated parameter, wherein the first device parameter is one of the printing pressure and the scraper speed. When the overrun ratio is a positive number, the first manner is to increase the parameter, and when the overrun ratio is a negative number, the first manner is to decrease the parameter.

[0134] The positive or negative value of the overrun ratio determines whether to increase or decrease printing pressure or scraper speed. This deviation-direction-based adjustment method avoids overcorrection—that is, preventing a significant reduction in printing pressure due to a high wet weight, or vice versa. This gradual adjustment facilitates precise identification of the optimal parameter settings for current production conditions.

[0135] Step S32, controlling the printing machine to print the battery cell being prepared using the first updated parameter, detecting and calculating the updated over-limit ratio of the battery cell being prepared;

[0136] Step S33 , adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters.

[0137] Specifically, steps S32 and S33 form a closed-loop control system. S32 applies the first updated parameters to printing and then calculates the updated over-limit ratio. S33 further adjusts printing parameters based on the absolute value of this updated over-limit ratio. This closed-loop control mechanism ensures that parameter adjustments on the printing press are based on real-time wet weight measurement results, improving the accuracy of parameter adjustments and enabling the wet weight to quickly stabilize within the target range.

[0138] Adjusting printing parameters based on the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio means the system can flexibly adjust parameter modifications based on the degree to which the current wet weight deviates from the target. When the wet weight deviates significantly from the target, the system can make larger adjustments; when it approaches the target, smaller adjustments can be made. This mechanism avoids over-adjustments and improves the system's flexibility and adaptability.

[0139] The updated over-limit ratio detected and calculated in step S32 provides the basis for adjusting the printing parameters again in step S33, forming a process of continuous iterative optimization. This iterative process can continuously optimize the printing parameters, making wet weight control more precise, avoiding the instability that may be caused by a single adjustment, and ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the production process. This feedback-based dynamic parameter adjustment mechanism achieves the accuracy and flexibility of wet weight control through closed-loop control, dynamic response and continuous optimization, reduces manual intervention, and ultimately improves production yield and efficiency, and reduces production costs. It has important application value for modern manufacturing industries that pursue high precision, high efficiency and low cost, especially the production of solar cells.

[0140] Adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters further includes the following steps:

[0141] Step S331: If the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is within the second range and the sign of the updated over-limit ratio is the same as the sign of the over-limit ratio, continue adjusting the first device parameter of the printing press according to the first method until the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is less than the minimum value of the second range.

[0142] Step S332, when the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is within the second range and the positive and negative signs of the updated over-limit ratio are different from the positive and negative signs of the over-limit ratio, adjust the second device parameters of the printing press according to the second method until the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is less than the minimum value of the second range. The second method is opposite to the first method.

[0143] Specifically, the above steps allow the system to re-check and recalculate the updated over-limit ratio after each adjustment, and then continue to adjust or change the adjustment strategy based on the updated results. This cyclical verification process ensures the effectiveness and targetedness of parameter adjustments, helping to quickly optimize to the optimal state. If the sign of the updated over-limit ratio is the same as the original over-limit ratio, it indicates that the previous adjustment was correct in direction but insufficient in magnitude.

[0144] Therefore, adjustments continue in the original direction until the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio falls below the set threshold, forming a positive feedback mechanism that helps accelerate the convergence of the parameter adjustment process and more quickly achieve the desired wet weight control effect. Conversely, if the sign of the updated over-limit ratio differs from the original over-limit ratio, this may indicate that the previous adjustment was in the wrong direction or that environmental conditions have changed. At this point, the system will adjust another parameter in the opposite direction (for example, if the printing pressure was previously adjusted, the scraper speed will now be adjusted, or vice versa) to ensure the correct adjustment direction and avoid further expansion of wet weight deviations due to incorrect adjustments. This dynamic adjustment strategy can flexibly respond to sudden changes in material properties, equipment performance fluctuations, or environmental conditions during the production process, improving the robustness of the entire system—that is, its ability to resist external interference. Through timely and precise parameter adjustments, the wet weight can be maintained within a reasonable range, ensuring that production quality is not affected.

[0145] If the wet weight overrun ratio is positive, it indicates that the wet weight of the print exceeds the target and needs to be reduced. Execute step S40331 to increase the printing pressure to reduce the wet weight. If the updated overrun ratio remains positive but its absolute value decreases to the second range, continue increasing the pressure according to the first step until the wet weight meets the target. If the updated overrun ratio becomes negative, it indicates that the pressure has been over-adjusted. In this case, reduce the printing pressure to restore the wet weight to the acceptable range.

[0146] If the wet weight overrun ratio is negative, it indicates insufficient wet weight and needs to be increased. Reduce the scraper speed to ensure more complete transfer of the silver paste to the cell and increase the wet weight. If the updated overrun ratio decreases in absolute value but remains negative, continue to reduce the scraper speed until the wet weight meets the requirement. If the updated overrun ratio becomes positive, this indicates adjustment has been made in the wrong direction or has been overdone. Increase the scraper speed to reduce the wet weight.

[0147] Wet weight control on the production line must adapt to varying production requirements and conditions. Printing pressure or squeegee speed is adjusted based on the positive or negative value of the over-limit ratio. Simultaneously, the second range thresholds in steps S331 and S332 are dynamically adjusted to accommodate changing production conditions. When the wet weight approaches the target value, the second range is narrowed for more precise adjustments. When encountering significant wet weight fluctuations, the second range is appropriately widened to prevent production instability caused by frequent adjustments.

[0148] In some cases, adjusting the printing pressure or scraper speed alone may not be sufficient to effectively control the wet weight. In the initial stage, adjust the printing pressure or scraper speed based on the positive or negative sign of the over-limit ratio. If the sign of the over-limit ratio is reversed after the first adjustment, switch to adjusting the other parameter. When the over-limit ratio gradually approaches zero and the sign remains unchanged, continue to adjust the current parameter until the wet weight meets the standard. If wet weight control is difficult, a complex combination of parameters can be introduced, such as first increasing the printing pressure by a certain value and then slightly reducing the scraper speed to achieve the best wet weight control effect.

[0149] During long-term operation, parameter adjustment strategies require continuous learning and optimization. Over time, the system uses accumulated historical data to learn the nonlinear relationship between overrun percentage and printing parameters, optimizing the adjustment strategy through machine learning algorithms. Learning algorithms, such as neural networks or reinforcement learning, can be introduced to adjust the increase or decrease in printing pressure and squeegee speed based on historical data to more quickly achieve wet weight targets. Models are regularly updated to reflect changes in the production environment and technical parameters.

[0150] In some embodiments, the above method further comprises the following steps:

[0151] Step S501, obtaining the transport track speed of the battery cell being prepared;

[0152] Step S502: when the speed of the transmission track is greater than or equal to a first preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a first frequency;

[0153] Step S503: when the speed of the transmission track is less than the first preset speed threshold and greater than or equal to the second preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a second frequency, and the second frequency is less than the first frequency;

[0154] Step S504: when the speed of the transmission track is less than the second preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a third frequency, and the third frequency is less than the second frequency.

[0155] Among them, the sensor sampling frequency f is dynamically adjusted according to the transmission track speed v (unit: mm / s), that is, different sampling frequencies f are set according to different production speeds, such as: 5min / time, 10min / time, 15min / time, 20min / time.

[0156] Specifically, the above embodiment sets different sampling frequencies for different ranges of transport track speed. When production speeds are high (transmission track speed is greater than or equal to a first preset speed threshold), the sampling frequency is higher (the first frequency) to ensure that even at high speeds, subtle changes in cell weight can be captured. When production speeds slow, the sampling frequency is reduced accordingly. This dynamic matching mechanism ensures high-quality wet weight data at all production speeds. Using a high sampling frequency during high-speed production enables more detailed tracking of wet weight changes, reduces data omissions that can occur due to long sampling intervals, and improves data acquisition efficiency.

[0157] When production speeds are slow, a lower sampling frequency is used. This maintains data accuracy while avoiding unnecessary data redundancy, saving data processing time and resources, and improving the overall system efficiency. Dynamically adjusting the sampling frequency can also effectively reduce hardware wear and tear on weight sensors. Especially at slow production speeds, low-frequency sampling can extend sensor life and reduce maintenance costs. This mechanism also helps reduce equipment energy consumption. When production speeds decrease, lowering the sampling frequency means less power consumption for sensors and related electronics, contributing to greener production.

[0158] In addition, a fuzzy algorithm is introduced to dynamically correct the threshold range based on historical data; the unit consumption standard is standardized in combination with production line efficiency and quality loss cost, and the response strategy priority (efficiency or unit consumption) is optimized; when the wet weight of a certain process exceeds the limit continuously, the system automatically analyzes upstream process data, such as slurry viscosity, ambient temperature and humidity, and pushes parameter adjustment suggestions to related equipment, supporting hybrid decision-making of manual experience rule input and AI algorithm; the parameter adjustment response time is shortened from minutes to seconds, reducing unnecessary downtime by more than 30%, and reducing silver paste waste while improving comprehensive efficiency and cost.

[0159] Comparative Example

[0160] Before the battery cell in preparation passes through the printing machine, the machine is controlled to stop running and the weight of the battery cell in preparation is weighed manually. After the battery cell in preparation passes through the printing machine, the machine is controlled to stop running and the weight of the battery cell in preparation is weighed manually. The difference between the two measured values ​​is determined as the wet weight of the battery cell in preparation, and then the battery cell in preparation continues to be placed on the production line for preparation.

[0161] Example

[0162] Five sets of weight sensors, each with five weight sensors, are installed on the battery transport track at the front end of the printer. One set of weight sensors measures the pre-printing weight of a cell in preparation at five locations. The weighted average of the pre-printing weights of the five locations of a cell in preparation is calculated to obtain the pre-printing weight of the cell in preparation. There are five cells in preparation, corresponding to five sets of weight sensors, and five pre-printing weights of the cells are obtained. The same method is used to obtain the five post-printing weights of the cells in preparation. The difference between the pre-printing weight and the corresponding post-printing weight is determined as the wet weight of the cell in preparation, that is, the five wet weights of the cells in preparation are obtained. The average of the five wet weights is then calculated as the wet weight data, and the cells in preparation are then placed on the production line for further preparation.

[0163] The data comparison table of the embodiment and comparative example finally obtained is shown in Table 2:

[0164] Table 2. Data comparison table of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0165]

[0166] The high-speed sensor sampling capability and timestamp-based data matching technology mentioned in the preparation methods of the above embodiments enable fast and accurate data acquisition and processing. Furthermore, by reducing manual intervention (such as manual sampling and parameter adjustment), the production cycle can be significantly shortened, the fragmentation rate can be reduced, and the machine uptime (effective operating time) can be increased, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the entire production line. Precise control of wet weight avoids excessive use or waste of silver paste, effectively controlling non-silicon costs. Furthermore, unnecessary equipment adjustment and maintenance time are reduced, reducing production costs and improving production economics. The combination of weight data and timestamps mentioned in the embodiments enables precise monitoring of every production step, facilitating the tracing of the specific production history of each cell, which is crucial for subsequent quality control and problem identification. Furthermore, automatic data upload and integration with the MES (Manufacturing Execution System) system further enhances the transparency and analyzability of production data. When the wet weight measurement result exceeds a preset threshold, the system can automatically analyze and adjust printing parameters such as printing pressure and squeegee speed. Fuzzy algorithms and multi-parameter coordinated adjustment mechanisms can even be incorporated to achieve intelligent production process control. This adaptive adjustment mechanism improves the intelligence level of the production line, reduces the occurrence of production anomalies, and ensures the stability of product quality.

[0167] On the one hand, by continuously testing five cells and averaging the weight differences, this eliminates the impact of randomness in single-cell testing, provides greater fault tolerance, and more accurately reflects the production line's unit consumption level. On the other hand, it continuously monitors fluctuations in unit consumption, promptly issues alerts when it exceeds warning values, and enables online parameter adjustment to control unit consumption, preventing low unit consumption from affecting cell efficiency and yield, or excessive unit consumption from increasing silver costs. Unlike traditional manual measurement methods, which measure at a frequency of 1-3 hours per channel, the measurement data is subject to human error and significant lag. By the time a response to an abnormal unit consumption occurs, the production line has often already been operating with the problem, resulting in a decrease in yield due to abnormal unit consumption. Furthermore, manually removing and placing test cells online increases line downtime and reduces the response rate, hindering further cost reduction. This testing method provides continuous, automatic online measurement and real-time feedback, improving production line yield and machine uptime, effectively controlling unit consumption within a reasonable range, and further reducing the non-silicon cost of the battery.

[0168] This embodiment further provides a solar cell, which is prepared by any of the above-mentioned methods for preparing a solar cell.

[0169] By dynamically adjusting printing pressure and squeegee speed during the production process, the wet weight of solar cells can be continuously monitored and adjusted in real time, avoiding the decline in efficiency and yield caused by wet weight fluctuations. Compared to traditional manual monitoring and adjustment methods, this automated method greatly improves the stability of wet weight control, ensures cell consistency, significantly increases cell yield, and reduces production costs.

[0170] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present application, and that in actual applications, various changes in form and detail may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Any person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a solar cell, characterized in that: include: Obtaining a single pre-printing weight and a single post-printing weight of a cell being prepared, wherein the single pre-printing weight is a weight of the cell being prepared before printing, calculated based on a plurality of pre-printing weight data; the single post-printing weight is a weight of the cell being prepared after printing, calculated based on a plurality of post-printing weight data; the pre-printing weight data is the weight of the cell being prepared, collected by a weight sensor before the printer; and the post-printing weight data is the weight of the cell being prepared, collected by a weight sensor after the printer; Calculating wet weight data according to the difference between the weight of the single sheet before printing and the weight of the single sheet after printing; According to the size of the wet weight data, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted to obtain updated printing parameters, and the printer is controlled to use the updated printing parameters to print the solar cell being prepared to obtain a solar cell, wherein the yield rate of the solar cell prepared using the updated printing parameters is greater than the preset yield rate.

2. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: Obtain the weight of the battery cell before and after printing, including: Obtaining a plurality of first pre-printing weights and a plurality of first post-printing weights of the battery cell being prepared, wherein the plurality of first pre-printing weights are weight data obtained by detecting different positions of the battery cell being prepared before passing through the printer, and the plurality of first post-printing weights are weight data obtained by detecting different positions of the battery cell being prepared after passing through the printer, and a corresponding set of the first pre-printing weights and the first post-printing weights are weight data detected at the same position of the battery cell being prepared; Calculating a weighted average of the plurality of first pre-printing weights of the battery cell being prepared to obtain the single pre-printing weight of the battery cell being prepared; A weighted average of the first post-printing weights of the battery cell being prepared is calculated to obtain the single post-printing weight of the battery cell being prepared.

3. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The weights of the multiple first pre-printing weights are different, and the weight of the first pre-printing weight whose detection position is close to the center of the battery cell being prepared is greater than the weight of the first pre-printing weight whose detection position is far from the center of the battery cell being prepared.

4. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: There are multiple cells in preparation, each cell in preparation corresponds to a weight of the cell before printing and a weight of the cell after printing, and wet weight data is calculated based on the difference between the weight of the cell before printing and the weight of the cell after printing, including: The difference between the weight of the single sheet before printing and the weight of the corresponding single sheet after printing is determined as the single sheet wet weight, and the single sheet wet weight corresponds one-to-one to the battery sheet under preparation; The wet weight data is determined by summing up the average of the wet weights of the plurality of single pieces.

5. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: There are multiple battery cells being prepared, and obtaining the weight of each battery cell before printing and the weight of each battery cell after printing includes: Acquire a plurality of second pre-printing weights and a plurality of second post-printing weights, wherein the plurality of second pre-printing weights are weight data at different positions of different battery cells being prepared, detected before passing through the printer, and the plurality of second post-printing weights are weight data at different positions of different battery cells being prepared, detected after passing through the printer, and a corresponding set of the second pre-printing weights and the second post-printing weights are weights detected at the same position of the same battery cell being prepared; Calculating a weighted average of the plurality of second pre-printing weights to obtain the single sheet pre-printing weight; The weighted average of the plurality of second post-printing weights is calculated to obtain the single-piece post-printing weight.

6. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: Adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the size of the wet weight data to obtain updated printing parameters includes: Calculating the difference between the wet weight data and the standard wet weight, and calculating the ratio of the difference to the standard wet weight to obtain the excess ratio; The printing parameters of the printing press are adjusted according to the absolute value of the over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters.

7. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: Adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the absolute value of the over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters includes: When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within a first range, the current printing parameters of the printing press are kept unchanged, and a prompt message is sent, wherein the prompt message includes data of the over-limit ratio; When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within a second range, adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the magnitude of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, wherein the minimum value of the second range is the maximum value of the first range; When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the first range for a first preset number of times in a row, or is within the second range for a second preset number of times in a row, or is within the third range, the printing press is controlled to stop and an alarm message is sent, wherein the alarm message is information indicating a fault of the printing press, and the first preset number of times is greater than the second preset number of times.

8. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, including: Obtain a parameter mapping table, wherein the parameter mapping table is a mapping relationship between a wet weight over-limit value and a printing pressure adjustment value and a scraper speed adjustment value of the printing press, wherein the wet weight over-limit value is in direct proportion to the printing pressure adjustment value and the scraper speed adjustment value. Determining a pressure adjustment value and a speed adjustment value corresponding to the printing press according to the overrun ratio and the parameter mapping table; The updated printing parameters are obtained by determining the sum of the current printing pressure of the printing press and the pressure adjustment value as the updated pressure value, and / or determining the sum of the current scraper speed of the printing press and the speed adjustment value as the updated speed value.

9. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, including: Acquiring equipment parameters of the printing press, the equipment parameters including at least the service life of the scraper of the printing press, the hardness of the scraper, the life of the screen of the printing press, the tension of the screen, and the deformation of the screen; According to the size of the overrun ratio and the equipment parameters of the printing press, the printing pressure and / or the scraper speed of the printing press are adjusted to obtain the updated printing parameters.

10. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The printing parameters include printing pressure and scraper speed. When the absolute value of the over-limit ratio is within the second range, the printing parameters of the printer are adjusted according to the size of the over-limit ratio to obtain updated printing parameters, including: According to the magnitude of the overrun ratio, a first device parameter of the printing press is adjusted in a first manner to obtain a first updated parameter, wherein the first device parameter is one of the printing pressure and the scraper speed, wherein when the overrun ratio is a positive number, the first manner is to increase, and when the overrun ratio is a negative number, the first manner is to decrease; Controlling the printer to print the battery cell being prepared using the first update parameter, detecting and calculating an update over-limit ratio of the battery cell being prepared; The printing parameters of the printing press are adjusted according to the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters.

11. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 10, wherein: Adjusting the printing parameters of the printing press according to the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio to obtain the updated printing parameters includes: When the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is within the second range and the sign of the updated over-limit ratio is the same as the sign of the over-limit ratio, continue adjusting the first device parameter of the printing press according to the first method until the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is less than the minimum value of the second range; When the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is within the second range and the positive and negative signs of the updated over-limit ratio are different from the positive and negative signs of the over-limit ratio, the second equipment parameters of the printing press are adjusted in a second manner until the absolute value of the updated over-limit ratio is less than the minimum value of the second range. The second manner is opposite to the first manner.

12. The method for preparing a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Obtaining the transport track speed of the battery cell being prepared; When the speed of the transmission track is greater than or equal to a first preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a first frequency; When the speed of the transmission track is less than the first preset speed threshold and greater than or equal to a second preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a second frequency, which is less than the first frequency; When the speed of the transmission track is less than the second preset speed threshold, the sampling frequency of the weight sensor is a third frequency, which is less than the second frequency.

13. The method for preparing a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: All of the weight sensors are of the same type and have the same operating parameters.

14. The method for preparing a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The weight sensor is a photoelectric weight sensor or a capacitive weight sensor.

15. A solar cell, characterized in that: The solar cell is prepared by the method for preparing a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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