Silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw and a preparation method of the silage. The method comprises the following steps: mixing fresh straws (2-3 cm) and dry straws (1-2 cm, the water content is less than or equal to 15%), adding a complex microbial inoculant (0.005-0.01 wt%), adjusting the water content to 60-65 wt%, carrying out layered filling (containing an SAP water absorption layer and an oxygen barrier film), compacting (680-750 kg / m < 3 >), and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 35-45 DEG C for 30-45 days. The pH value of the obtained feed is 3.8-4.2, and the dry matter loss is 1t; the quality guarantee period is 18-24 months, the problems of high-moisture silage decay and juice leakage are solved, and efficient utilization of agricultural waste is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of feed preparation, and in particular relates to silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country's annual fresh corn planting area exceeds 25 million mu (2023 data), with a straw yield of approximately 1.5 to 2 tons (fresh weight) per mu, and an annual total straw output of approximately 30 to 50 million tons. Fresh corn straw after harvest has high nutritional value, with higher crude protein, sugar, and digestible fiber content than ordinary corn straw, making it suitable for silage or feed. However, its moisture content is generally above 70%, and direct silage can easily lead to the following problems:

[0003] 1. Juice outflow and nutrient loss: High moisture content causes juice to seep out during silage wrapping, which not only causes the loss of nutrients such as sugar and protein, but also pollutes the environment.

[0004] 2. Unstable fermentation quality: Excessive moisture inhibits the activity of lactic acid bacteria, easily breeds butyric acid bacteria and mold, causes silage to spoil, and the pH value is difficult to drop to the ideal range (below 4.2).

[0005] 3. High cost of traditional processing: Existing technologies mostly rely on mechanical dehydration or chemical additives (such as formic acid), which consume a lot of energy and are expensive; and the sole use of dry straw affects the fermentation efficiency due to the imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0006] 4. Short shelf life: The shelf life of conventional silage is only about 12 months, and the dry matter loss reaches 10-15%, which is difficult to meet long-term storage needs.

[0007] To address the above problems, there is an urgent need for a low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly silage method that can not only regulate moisture but also improve fermentation quality and resource utilization.

[0008] Therefore, based on this, the technical solution of the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides silage feed based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw, and its preparation method. The present invention provides an silage method that utilizes locally available crop straw waste as filler and synergistically regulates the moisture content of fresh corn straw, achieving zero juice leakage, improved fermentation quality, and resourceful utilization of agricultural waste.

[0010] The present invention provides a method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0011] (1) Straw crushing: crushing fresh corn straw to obtain fresh straw segments; crushing dry crop straw waste to obtain filler straw segments;

[0012] (2) mixing the fresh straw segment with the filler straw segment to obtain a premix;

[0013] (3) adding a composite bacterial agent to the premix and adjusting the water content to obtain a pre-fermentation mixture;

[0014] (4) The pre-fermented mixture is layered, filled, and compacted, and then subjected to closed anaerobic fermentation, and silage (pH = 3.8-4.2) is obtained after completion.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the length of each fresh straw segment is 2 to 3 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1):

[0017] The dried crop straw waste is one or a combination of two or more of rice straw, wheat straw, and soybean straw;

[0018] and / or, the moisture content of the dried crop straw waste is ≤15wt%;

[0019] And / or, the length of each filler straw segment is 1 to 2 cm.

[0020] In actual operation, you can choose a grass chopper or a shredder to crush the straw to increase the contact area between the straws.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the weight ratio of the fresh straw segments to the filler straw segments is 6 to 8: 2 to 4. After repeated attempts by the inventors, the carbon-nitrogen ratio can reach 25 to 30: 1 when mixed at this ratio, with excellent results.

[0022] Preferably, in step (3):

[0023] The composite bacterial agent includes lactic acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria;

[0024] And / or, the weight percentage of the composite bacterial agent in the premix is ​​0.005-0.01 wt%.

[0025] Preferably, in step (3), the water content is adjusted to 60-65 wt%.

[0026] Preferably, in step (4):

[0027] After the layered filling, from top to bottom, there are the mechanical protection layer, the oxygen barrier film layer, the water absorbing resin layer and the pre-fermented mixture main body layer;

[0028] And / or, the compacted density is 680-750 kg / m 3 .

[0029] Preferably, the mechanical protection layer is LLDPE stretch film, the oxygen-barrier film layer is an aluminum-plastic composite film, and the water-absorbing resin layer is a SAP composite non-woven fabric. The pre-fermented mixture main layer is the pre-fermented mixture itself. The inner SAP film absorbs juice, reducing free water and inhibiting butyric acid bacteria. The outer oxygen-barrier film maintains an anaerobic environment, promoting lactic acid fermentation. This structure can extend the shelf life of silage to 18-24 months with a dry matter loss of less than 5%. Conventional methods only offer a shelf life of approximately 12 months at most, with a dry matter loss of 10-15%.

[0030] Preferably, in step (4), the temperature of the closed anaerobic fermentation is 35-45° C., and the temperature of the closed anaerobic fermentation is 30-45 days.

[0031] Based on the same technical concept, another embodiment of the present invention is to provide silage obtained by the above preparation method.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] The present invention innovatively mixes dry crop straw with fresh corn straw and combines it with layered filling technology, which has the following significant advantages:

[0034] 1. Coordinated moisture control: Utilizing the high water absorption of dry straw (moisture content ≤ 15%), the moisture content of fresh straw can be reduced from over 70% to 60-65%, without the need for additional dehydration equipment, and the cost can be reduced by more than 30%.

[0035] 2. Improved fermentation efficiency: The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed straw is optimized to 25-30:1. The composite bacterial agent (lactic acid bacteria + cellulose-decomposing bacteria) works synergistically, the pH value is stabilized at 3.8-4.2, the lactic acid content is increased by 20%, and the butyric acid bacteria inhibition rate exceeds 90%.

[0036] 3. Environmental protection and resource utilization: Juice leakage is reduced by more than 90%, crude protein retention rate is ≥85%, and agricultural waste (such as rice and wheat straw) is fully utilized to achieve "waste treatment with waste".

[0037] 4. Extended shelf life: The layered filling structure (SAP water-absorbing resin + oxygen barrier film) reduces dry matter loss to less than 5%, extending the shelf life to 18 to 24 months, far exceeding the conventional method (12 months).

[0038] 5. Excellent feed quality: The finished feed has a lactic acid aroma, yellow-green color, compact structure and no stratification. Its palatability and nutritional value are significantly better than single straw silage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after layered filling.

[0041] The accompanying drawings are denoted as follows:

[0042] 1-mechanical protection layer; 2-oxygen barrier film layer; 3-water-absorbing resin layer; 4-pre-fermentation mixture main body layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0046] (1) Straw crushing: Use a straw chopper to crush fresh corn straw with a moisture content of about 75 wt% to obtain fresh straw segments (about 2 cm / segment); use a straw chopper to crush dry discarded rice straw with a moisture content of about 12 wt% to obtain filler straw segments (about 1.5 cm / segment);

[0047] (2) mixing the fresh straw segment and the filler straw segment in a weight ratio of 7:3 to obtain a premix;

[0048] (3) adding 0.008 wt % of a composite bacterial agent to the premix and adjusting the water content to 63 wt % to obtain a pre-fermentation mixture; wherein the composite bacterial agent comprises lactic acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in a weight ratio of 1:1;

[0049] (4) The pre-fermented mixture is layered and filled (from top to bottom, the mechanical protection layer 1, the oxygen barrier film layer 2, the water-absorbing resin layer 3 and the pre-fermented mixture main body layer 4) and compacted. The structure after layered filling is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the compacted density is 680kg / m 3, and then the mixture was fermented under closed anaerobism at 35°C for 45 days, after which silage (pH = 4.0) was obtained.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) Straw crushing: Use a hay cutter to crush fresh corn straw with a moisture content of about 75 wt% to obtain fresh straw segments (about 3 cm / segment); use a hay cutter to crush dry waste wheat straw with a moisture content of about 10 wt% to obtain filler straw segments (about 2 cm / segment);

[0053] (2) mixing the fresh straw segment and the filler straw segment in a weight ratio of 8:2 to obtain a premix;

[0054] (3) adding 0.01 wt % of a composite bacterial agent to the premix and adjusting the water content to 65 wt % to obtain a pre-fermentation mixture; wherein the composite bacterial agent comprises lactic acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in a weight ratio of 1.5:1;

[0055] (4) The pre-fermented mixture is layered and filled (from top to bottom, the mechanical protection layer 1, the oxygen barrier film layer 2, the water-absorbing resin layer 3 and the pre-fermented mixture main body layer 4) and compacted. The structure after layered filling is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the compacted density is 750kg / m 3 , and then the mixture was fermented under closed anaerobism at 45°C for 30 days, after which silage (pH = 3.8) was obtained.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0058] (1) Straw crushing: Use a hay cutter to crush fresh corn straw with a moisture content of about 75 wt% to obtain fresh straw segments (about 2 cm / segment); use a hay cutter to crush dry discarded soybean straw with a moisture content of about 11 wt% to obtain filler straw segments (about 1 cm / segment);

[0059] (2) mixing the fresh straw segment and the filler straw segment in a weight ratio of 6:4 to obtain a premix;

[0060] (3) adding 0.005 wt % of a composite bacterial agent to the premix and adjusting the water content to 60 wt % to obtain a pre-fermentation mixture; wherein the composite bacterial agent comprises lactic acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in a weight ratio of 1:1.5;

[0061] (4) The pre-fermented mixture is layered and filled (from top to bottom, the mechanical protection layer 1, the oxygen barrier film layer 2, the water-absorbing resin layer 3 and the pre-fermented mixture main body layer 4) and compacted. The structure after layered filling is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the compacted density is 720kg / m 3 , and then the mixture was fermented under closed anaerobism at 40°C for 40 days, after which silage (pH = 4.2) was obtained.

[0062] Comparative Verification Example

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Straw crushing: crushing fresh corn straw to obtain fresh straw segments; crushing dry crop straw waste to obtain filler straw segments; (2) mixing the fresh straw segment with the filler straw segment to obtain a premix; (3) adding a composite bacterial agent to the premix and adjusting the water content to obtain a pre-fermentation mixture; (4) The pre-fermented mixture is layered, filled, and compacted, and then subjected to closed anaerobic fermentation, and silage is obtained after completion.

2. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the length of each fresh straw segment is 2 to 3 cm.

3. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1): The dried crop straw waste is one or a combination of two or more of rice straw, wheat straw, and soybean straw; and / or, the moisture content of the dried crop straw waste is ≤15wt%; And / or, the length of each filler straw segment is 1 to 2 cm.

4. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the weight ratio of the fresh straw segments to the filler straw segments is 6-8:2-4.

5. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3): The composite bacterial agent includes lactic acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria; And / or, the weight percentage of the composite bacterial agent in the premix is ​​0.005-0.01 wt%.

6. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the water content is adjusted to 60-65 wt%.

7. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4): After the layered filling, from top to bottom, there are the mechanical protection layer, the oxygen barrier film layer, the water absorbing resin layer and the pre-fermented mixture main body layer; And / or, the compacted density is 680-750 kg / m 3 .

8. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mechanical protection layer is an LLDPE stretch film, the oxygen barrier film layer is an aluminum-plastic composite film, the water-absorbing resin layer is an SAP composite non-woven fabric, and the pre-fermentation mixture main body layer is the pre-fermentation mixture.

9. The method for preparing silage based on crop straw waste and fresh corn straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the temperature of the closed anaerobic fermentation is 35-45° C., and the temperature of the closed anaerobic fermentation is 30-45 days.

10. Silage obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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