Rust cleaning method and rust cleaning system for surface of electrical equipment

Abstract

According to the corrosion cleaning method and corrosion cleaning system for the surface of the electrical equipment, continuous / pulse laser composite cleaning is conducted on the surface of the electrical equipment through semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser, and different cleaning strategies are designed according to different corrosion layers of different materials; a set of high-efficiency, high-quality, low-damage and low-energy-consumption laser cleaning strategy is formed, multi-scene laser rust removal of electric power equipment is achieved, the maintenance efficiency and safety of electric power facilities are improved, on one hand, the problems that single-pulse laser energy attenuation is large, energy density is not enough, and long-distance electrified cleaning cannot be achieved can be solved, and on the other hand, the maintenance cost is reduced. On the other hand, the defect that the surface quality of a workpiece is poor due to pure continuous laser cleaning can be overcome, efficient and high-precision remote cleaning is achieved, in addition, semiconductor continuous laser is adopted, the needed equipment is small in size and mass, the light-weight design of the laser cleaning equipment is achieved, and the laser cleaning equipment is low in price and can be better accepted by users.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cleaning, and in particular to a method for cleaning rust on the surface of electric equipment and a system for cleaning rust on the surface of electric equipment. Background Art

[0002] The operating environment of power grid equipment is complex. In particular, the surface of outdoor equipment such as high-voltage disconnector equipment and transmission towers is easily corroded, which often leads to problems such as reduced structural strength, stuck movement mechanisms, and heating of electrical contact parts. It can even cause overheating and sparking between the switch contacts and the contact holders, seriously affecting the safe and stable operation of the equipment, and also posing a great hidden danger to the operation of the power grid.

[0003] To prevent further losses from corrosion, power companies often need to remove rust and apply anti-corrosion coatings to rusted areas. Currently, rust removal on power equipment primarily relies on grinding and shot blasting. These methods, however, generate significant dust and noise pollution, compliant with increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Furthermore, they are unsuitable for rust removal on electrical equipment, particularly those operating under high-voltage power lines. Rust removal during power outages can result in significant economic losses. Furthermore, these methods struggle to completely remove rust from blind spots on high-voltage transmission towers.

[0004] In the related technology, although there is a method of using laser irradiation to remove rust on rusted parts to achieve remote rust removal, currently laser rust removal uses a single laser for cleaning, among which high-power (generally 2000w) continuous fiber laser is the most common. On the one hand, due to the large size and weight of high-power fiber lasers and low photoelectric conversion efficiency, the weight and size of the entire equipment are relatively large, and the energy consumption is relatively high. In many cases, large substations are often limited in space and are located in relatively remote places, making them very inconvenient and impractical to use, especially unable to meet the rust removal needs of multiple application scenarios such as line towers; on the other hand, in order to achieve remote rust removal effects, a 2-kilowatt continuous wave fiber laser is generally used. The continuous wave fiber laser mainly uses the laser thermal effect to heat and vaporize the rust on the surface of the material to achieve the cleaning and rust removal effect. Its principle determines that remelting is easy to occur after rust removal, and the surface quality is difficult to meet the application requirements of high-quality rust removal and defect removal on the surface of high-voltage circuit breakers.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a lightweight, efficient, high-quality laser remote intelligent rust removal method to meet the application needs of rust removal and defect elimination in multiple application scenarios of power equipment such as high-voltage substations, disconnectors and line towers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment in a first embodiment.

[0007] A second embodiment of the present invention provides a system for cleaning rust on the surface of electrical equipment.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention proposes a method for cleaning rust on the surface of electrical equipment, including the following steps: establishing a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters, wherein the laser cleaning parameters include: laser type, laser time sequence, laser power and scanning speed, and the laser types include: semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser; obtaining the material type and rust level of the surface of the electrical equipment to be cleaned; using the laser cleaning mathematical model, determining the laser cleaning parameters according to the material type and rust level; and controlling the cleaning equipment to clean the rust on the surface of the electrical equipment according to the laser cleaning parameters.

[0010] The rust cleaning method for the surface of power equipment of the present invention also has the following additional technical features:

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are specifically adopted to establish the laser cleaning mathematical model: S11, designing a continuous laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effects of different continuous laser powers and scanning rates under different substrate materials and corrosion levels, and the laser cleaning effect is determined according to the surface removal thickness, surface roughness and surface cleanliness after cleaning; S12, designing a pulsed laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effects under different substrate materials and corrosion levels under different pulsed laser powers and scanning rates; S13, designing a continuous-pulse laser composite cleaning test platform, using multivariate Regression analysis, based on the test data in step S11 and step S12, the spatiotemporal coupling design of continuous laser and pulsed laser is carried out, and the laser cleaning effect of continuous laser and pulsed laser under the coupling conditions of different time sequences and powers is tested under different substrate materials and rust levels; S14, based on the test results in S13, with the goal of low surface roughness of the material after cleaning, thick removal thickness of the rust layer, high surface cleanliness and minimal substrate damage, the test substrate image is grayscale processed, and the grayscale mean is used to evaluate the rust removal effect, and a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters is generated.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the material type includes: carbon steel, the rust grade includes: A\B rust, C rust and high-temperature oxide scale rust; the laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes: when the material type is carbon steel and the rust grade is A / B rust, firstly, a semiconductor continuous laser with a first continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate, and then a pulse laser with a first pulse power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a second scanning rate until the roughness of the surface of the power equipment Ra is less than 1.6μm, wherein the first scanning rate is greater than the second scanning rate; when the material type is carbon steel and the rust grade is C rust, first a semiconductor continuous laser with a second continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate. The dense Fe3O4 / Fe2O layer is subjected to high-temperature thermal shock, and then a pulsed laser with a second pulse power is used to perform layered ablation by adjusting the pulse overlap rate until the surface cleanliness reaches Sa2.5 level and the depth of the heat-affected zone is less than 30 μm, wherein the first continuous power is less than the second continuous power, and the first pulse power is less than the second pulse power; when the material type is carbon steel and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale rust, a semiconductor continuous laser with a third continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate. At the same time, the pulsed laser is used to dynamically adjust the pulse energy through real-time feedback of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to selectively remove local high-temperature areas, and the third continuous power is greater than the second continuous power.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the material type includes: T4003 stainless steel, and the corrosion grade includes: A\B type corrosion, C type corrosion and high-temperature oxide scale corrosion; the laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes: when the material type is T4003 stainless steel and the corrosion grade is A / B type corrosion, a continuous laser with a fourth continuous power is used to treat the surface pitting area, and then the ultraviolet pulse laser is switched to a third pulse power to cold-work and remove the residual Cr2O3 at the grain boundary, and the single pulse removal depth is controlled to be less than 50nm. At the same time, plasma spectrum monitoring is performed to ensure that the surface Cr element content remains above 12%; when the material type is T4003 stainless steel and the corrosion grade is C type corrosion, a semiconductor continuous laser with a fifth continuous power modulated at 500kHz is first used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate to thermally decompose the Cl- corrosion product, and then a pulse laser with adjustable pulse width is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width according to the real-time impedance detection signal. After cleaning, eddy current detection is used to ensure that the stress corrosion crack detection rate is less than 0.1mm / m 2 , the fifth continuous power is greater than the fourth continuous power; the material type is T4003 stainless steel, the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale rust, a femtosecond pulse laser is used to penetrate the Cr2O3 passivation film and form a micropore array, and then a nanosecond pulse laser is used to generate a cavitation effect through the micropores to achieve overall oxide scale peeling.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the material type includes: copper alloy, the corrosion grade includes: A\B corrosion, C corrosion and high-temperature oxide scale corrosion; the laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes: when the material type is copper alloy and the corrosion grade is A / B corrosion, a sixth continuous power green semiconductor continuous laser is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate to photothermally decompose basic copper carbonate, and then a fourth pulse power pulse laser is used to selectively remove Cu2O on the surface of the power equipment, and the pulse interval is controlled within the range of 50-100μs; when the material type is copper alloy and the corrosion grade is C corrosion, a seventh continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate to photothermally decompose basic copper carbonate, and then a fourth pulse power pulse laser is used to selectively remove Cu2O on the surface of the power equipment, and the pulse interval is controlled within the range of 50-100μs. The infrared semiconductor continuous laser is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate to cause the sulfide to crack due to thermal expansion. At the same time, the pulse laser with a fifth pulse power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment. With the assistance of a directional nitrogen curtain, the exploded corrosion products are blown away from the grain boundaries. The fifth pulse power is less than the fourth pulse power. The material type is copper alloy, and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale corrosion. The surface of the power equipment is first scanned at a first scanning rate using a CO2 continuous laser with an eighth continuous power, and then a mid-infrared pulse laser with a sixth pulse power is used to decompose the oxide layer. Finally, a blue light pulse laser with a seventh pulse power is used for surface passivation.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment also includes: determining the safe working distance for cleaning and the energized state of cleaning according to the voltage level of the power equipment, and the energized state of cleaning includes: cleaning in the energized state and cleaning in the power-off state.

[0016] The second aspect of the present invention proposes a rust cleaning system for the surface of electrical equipment, including: an establishment module, the establishment module is used to establish a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters, wherein the laser cleaning parameters include: laser type, laser time sequence, laser power and scanning speed, and the laser types include: semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser; an acquisition module, the acquisition module is used to obtain the material type and rust level of the surface of the electrical equipment to be cleaned; a determination module, the determination module is used to use the laser cleaning mathematical model to determine the laser cleaning parameters according to the material type and rust level; a control module, the control module is used to control the cleaning equipment to clean the rust on the surface of the electrical equipment according to the laser cleaning parameters.

[0017] The rust cleaning system for the surface of power equipment of the present invention also has the following additional technical features:

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the establishment module is specifically used for: S11, designing a continuous laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect of different continuous laser powers and scanning rates under different substrate materials and corrosion levels, and the laser cleaning effect is determined according to the surface removal thickness, surface roughness and surface cleanliness after cleaning; S12, designing a pulsed laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect under different substrate materials and corrosion levels under different pulsed laser powers and scanning rates; S13, designing a continuous-pulse laser composite cleaning test platform, using multiple regression analysis, Based on the test data in step S11 and step S12, a spatiotemporal coupling design of continuous laser and pulsed laser is performed, and the laser cleaning effects of continuous laser and pulsed laser under coupling conditions of different time sequences and powers on different substrate materials and rust levels are tested; S14, based on the test results in S13, with the goals of low surface roughness of the material after cleaning, thick removal thickness of the rust layer, high surface cleanliness and minimal substrate damage, the test substrate image is grayscaled, and the grayscale mean is used to evaluate the rust removal effect, and a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters is generated.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination module is further used to determine the safe working distance for cleaning and the energized state of cleaning according to the voltage level of the power equipment, wherein the energized state of cleaning includes energized state cleaning and power-off state cleaning.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] The present invention uses semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser to perform continuous / pulse laser composite cleaning on the surface of power equipment, designs different cleaning strategies for different rust layers of different materials, and forms a set of high-efficiency, high-quality, low-damage and low-energy consumption laser cleaning strategies, realizing multi-scenario laser rust removal of power equipment and improving the maintenance efficiency and safety of power facilities. On the one hand, it can solve the problem of large energy attenuation and insufficient energy density of single pulse laser, which cannot realize long-distance live cleaning. On the other hand, it can overcome the shortcomings of poor surface quality of workpieces due to simple continuous laser cleaning, and realize efficient and high-precision remote cleaning. In addition, the use of semiconductor continuous laser, the small size and mass of the equipment required are conducive to the lightweight design of laser cleaning equipment, and its low price is more acceptable to users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 The figure is a block diagram of a system for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 1 Flowchart of a method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1. Establish a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters, wherein the laser cleaning parameters include: laser type, laser time sequence, laser power and scanning speed. The laser types include: semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser.

[0028] Specifically, the material types are common materials found on the surfaces of power equipment, such as carbon steel, T4003 stainless steel (ferritic stainless steel), and copper alloys. Rust grades can be categorized as: Class A / B (minor rust), Class C (general rust), and high-temperature scale rust (severe rust), primarily based on the national standard GB / T 8923.1-2011 and the international standard ISO 8501-1. Generally speaking, Class A rust is characterized by a complete surface covering with scale, with virtually no visible rust; Class B rust is characterized by partial flaking of the scale, with the appearance of minor rust; Class C rust is characterized by extensive flaking of the scale due to rust, with minor pitting present; and Class D rust is characterized by complete flaking of the scale, with widespread pitting or severe rust present.

[0029] The types of lasers in the present invention include semiconductor continuous lasers and pulsed lasers.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are used to establish the laser cleaning mathematical model:

[0031] S11, design a semiconductor continuous laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect of different semiconductor continuous laser powers and scanning rates under different substrate materials and corrosion levels. The laser cleaning effect is determined based on the surface removal thickness, surface roughness and surface cleanliness after cleaning.

[0032] S12, design a pulse laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect under different substrate materials and corrosion levels, different pulse laser powers and scanning rates.

[0033] S13. Design a semiconductor continuous-pulse laser composite cleaning test platform. Use multiple regression analysis to design the spatiotemporal coupling of semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser based on the test data in step S11 and step S12. Test the laser cleaning effect of semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser under coupling conditions of different time sequences and powers, and on different substrate materials and corrosion levels.

[0034] S14, based on the test results in S13, with the goal of low surface roughness of the material after cleaning, thick rust layer removal, high surface cleanliness and minimal substrate damage, the test substrate image is grayscaled, and the grayscale mean is used to evaluate the rust removal effect, and a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters is generated.

[0035] Specifically, ANSYS (general finite element analysis software) can be used to simulate the heating, vibration, and delamination mechanisms of the rust layer under laser action. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used to analyze the type and content of metal ions in the photoplasma, establishing a mathematical model that correlates the type of laser cleaning material, the rust level, the laser cleaning parameters, and the effect. Laser confocal microscopy can be used to measure the effectiveness of laser cleaning, including removal depth, surface roughness, and surface cleanliness. A shape measurement laser microscope system is used to monitor post-processing experimental results. Its simple measurement operation allows for easy measurement by simply placing the sample. The measured images can be generated into 3D images, microscopic images of the object, and black-and-white laser images. A variety of data analysis tools are available, enabling rapid measurement of roughness and the centralized measurement and analysis of multiple data points. Surface roughness after cleaning can be measured at 3x3 points, with the average value calculated. Surface cleanliness is measured according to cleaning standards GB18839 / GB8923.

[0036] In summary, the mathematical model of laser cleaning is mainly divided into the following three aspects:

[0037] 1. Design a semiconductor continuous laser cleaning process test platform: Design a semiconductor continuous laser cleaning process test within a working distance of 1-10 meters to study the cleaning effect and substrate damage under different power and scanning rates, different substrate materials and corrosion conditions under semiconductor continuous laser cleaning process parameters; substrate loss can be comprehensively evaluated through hardness, substrate metal oxygen content and substrate conductivity.

[0038] 2. Design a pulsed laser cleaning process test platform: Design a pulsed laser cleaning process test within a working distance of 1-10 meters to study the laser cleaning effect under different cleaning parameters such as pulse frequency, pulse width and power density, and under different substrate and rust layer conditions. Based on the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis during the laser cleaning process, the type and content of metal ions in the photoplasma are analyzed. According to its spectral intensity and the substrate damage behavior after laser cleaning, the energy threshold for laser cleaning of different rust layers is obtained.

[0039] 3. Design a semiconductor continuous-pulse laser composite cleaning test platform: After mastering the cleaning effect and substrate damage under different semiconductor continuous laser cleaning process parameters, and the cleaning effect and substrate damage under different pulse laser cleaning parameters, realize the spatial, size and energy coupling optimization design of continuous laser and pulse laser within a working distance of 1-10 meters, and use multivariate regression analysis to study the factors affecting the laser cleaning effect under different laser cleaning parameters. Laser cleaning parameters include at least power and scanning speed. For different substrate surface corrosion, the effects of different laser scanning speeds, different power coupling and other parameters on the laser cleaning effect are studied respectively. With the goal of low surface roughness of the material after cleaning, thick rust layer removal thickness, high surface cleanliness and minimal substrate damage, a laser cleaning mathematical model with stable process and good cleaning effect, material type-rust grade-laser cleaning parameter is established for different composite sequences of semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser.

[0040] After the mathematical model of laser cleaning is established, it can be solidified and sintered in the software database of the laser cleaning equipment for direct call, reducing the technical requirements of the laser cleaning equipment for operators and ensuring the operability and transferability of laser cleaning equipment and technology.

[0041] S2, obtaining the material type and rust grade of the surface of the power equipment to be cleaned.

[0042] Specifically, in practical applications, the material type of the surface of the power equipment can be obtained by obtaining the surface image of the power equipment and performing visual analysis, and the measurement of the rust level can be obtained by obtaining the grayscale features of the surface image of the power equipment through measurement.

[0043] S3, using the laser cleaning mathematical model, determines the laser cleaning parameters according to the material type and rust grade.

[0044] S4, controlling the cleaning equipment to clean the rust on the surface of the power equipment according to the laser cleaning parameters.

[0045] Therefore, semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser are used to perform continuous / pulsed laser composite cleaning on the surface of power equipment, and different cleaning strategies are designed for different rust layers of different materials to form a set of high-efficiency, high-quality, low-damage and low-energy laser cleaning strategies to achieve multi-scenario laser rust removal of power equipment and improve the maintenance efficiency and safety of power facilities. On the one hand, it can solve the problem of large energy attenuation and insufficient energy density of single pulse laser, which cannot achieve long-distance live cleaning. On the other hand, it can overcome the shortcomings of poor surface quality of workpieces due to simple continuous laser cleaning, and achieve efficient and high-precision remote cleaning. In addition, the use of semiconductor continuous laser, the small size and mass of the equipment required are conducive to the lightweight design of laser cleaning equipment, and its low price is more acceptable to users.

[0046] In the above method, the establishment of a mathematical model for laser cleaning is both difficult and critical. To this end, the inventors conducted extensive research and experiments on three common base materials used in power equipment: carbon steel, T4003 stainless steel, and copper alloy, and derived mathematical models for laser cleaning of different materials.

[0047] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes:

[0048] When the material type is carbon steel and the rust grade is A / B rust, the surface of the power equipment is first scanned at a first scanning rate using a semiconductor continuous laser with a first continuous power, and then the surface of the power equipment is scanned at a second scanning rate using a pulsed laser with a first pulse power until the surface roughness of the power equipment is Ra <1.6μm, wherein the first scanning rate is greater than the second scanning rate.

[0049] When the material type is carbon steel and the rust grade is Class C, the dense Fe3O4 / Fe2O layer is first subjected to high-temperature thermal shock using a semiconductor continuous laser with a second continuous power, and then layered ablation is performed using a pulsed laser with a second pulse power by adjusting the pulse overlap rate until the surface cleanliness reaches Sa2.5 and the depth of the heat-affected zone is less than 30 μm. Among them, the first continuous power is less than the second continuous power, and the first pulse power is less than the second pulse power.

[0050] When the material type is carbon steel and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale corrosion, a semiconductor continuous laser with a third continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate. At the same time, a pulsed laser is used to provide real-time feedback through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and the pulse energy is dynamically adjusted to selectively remove local high-temperature areas. The third continuous power is greater than the second continuous power.

[0051] Specifically, for Class A / B rust on carbon steel, a semiconductor continuous laser (wavelength 1064nm) is first used for rapid scanning pretreatment at a power of 200-300W and a scanning speed of 5000-8000mm / s. This softens the surface rust layer through thermal effects and reduces the heat input to the substrate. Subsequently, a pulsed laser (wavelength 1064nm / 532nm, energy 5-10mJ, pulse width 20-50ns) is switched to scan at a scanning speed of 1000-3000mm / s to scan the rust layer on the surface of the power equipment and perform precise erosion. The mechanical vibration effect generated by the short pulses is used to completely remove the residual rust layer, while controlling the surface roughness Ra to <1.6μm. The temperature field is monitored by a real-time thermal imager throughout the process to ensure that the substrate temperature is always below 150°C to avoid microstructure phase changes.

[0052] For carbon steel type C corrosion, the equipment first uses a high-power (400-600W) semiconductor continuous laser to scan at a scanning speed of 2000-4000mm / s, subjecting the dense Fe3O4 / Fe2O layer of the surface corrosion layer to high-temperature thermal shock, causing micro-cracks to expand in the oxide layer; then a high-peak power pulsed laser (20-50ns pulse width, 1.5-2.5GW / cm 2 Layered erosion is performed using a pulse overlap ratio (30-50%), with the oxide scale removed layer by layer. Axial nitrogen protection (10-15 L / min) is used during the cleaning process to suppress secondary oxidation, ultimately achieving a surface cleanliness level of Sa2.5 and a heat-affected zone depth of less than 30 μm.

[0053] When treating high-temperature scale on carbon steel, a dual-laser-beam collaborative strategy is implemented: an 800W semiconductor continuous laser beam (1064nm wavelength) preheats the scale to 600-700°C in a circular scanning path, reducing its bonding strength. A synchronous pulsed laser beam (532nm wavelength, 100ps pulse width) uses real-time feedback from laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to dynamically adjust the pulse energy (1-3mJ) to selectively remove localized high-temperature areas. This process improves scale removal efficiency by over 40% while keeping substrate grain size variation within a single level.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes:

[0055] When the material type is T4003 stainless steel and the rust grade is A / B, a continuous laser with the fourth continuous power is used to treat the surface pitting area, and then the ultraviolet pulse laser is switched to the third pulse power to cold-process and remove the residual Cr2O3 at the grain boundary. The single-pulse removal depth is controlled to be less than 50nm, and plasma spectrum monitoring is performed at the same time to ensure that the surface Cr element content remains above 12%.

[0056] The material type is T4003 stainless steel, and the rust grade is Class C. First, a 500kHz modulated fifth continuous power semiconductor continuous laser is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at the first scanning rate to thermally decompose the Cl- corrosion products. Then, a pulsed laser with adjustable pulse width is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width according to the real-time impedance detection signal. After cleaning, eddy current testing is used to ensure that the stress corrosion crack detection rate is <0.1mm / m 2 , the fifth continuous power is greater than the fourth continuous power.

[0057] The material type is T4003 stainless steel, and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale corrosion. A femtosecond continuous laser is used to penetrate the Cr2O3 passivation film and form a micropore array. Then, a nanosecond pulse laser is used to achieve the overall peeling of the oxide scale through the cavitation effect generated by the micropores.

[0058] Specifically, for Class A / B corrosion on T4003 stainless steel, the equipment uses a dual-band UV-IR cleaning system: First, a 150W continuous laser (wavelength 1080nm) is used to treat large areas of surface pitting, leveraging its high absorptivity to rapidly vaporize loose corrosion products. Subsequently, a UV pulsed laser (wavelength 355nm, pulse width 15ns, energy 0.8mJ) is used to cold-work and remove residual Cr2O3 at the grain boundaries. The single-pulse removal depth is strictly controlled to <50nm to avoid inducing σ phase precipitation. Integrated plasma spectroscopy monitoring ensures that the surface Cr content remains above 12%.

[0059] For Class C rust on T4003 stainless steel, a variable frequency cleaning strategy is implemented: in the first stage, a 500kHz modulated high-repetition-rate semiconductor continuous laser (300W) is used to thermally decompose Cl- corrosion products; in the second stage, an adjustable pulse width pulse laser is used, with a pulse width adjustable from 10-200ns. The pulse width is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time impedance detection signal, and the action time is increased layer by layer (gradient change from 50-200ns) according to the depth of intergranular corrosion. After cleaning, eddy current testing is used to verify and ensure that the detection rate of stress corrosion cracks is <0.1mm / m 2 .

[0060] For high-temperature scale corrosion on T4003 stainless steel, a femtosecond-nanosecond laser sequence is used: a femtosecond pulsed laser (wavelength 1030nm, pulse width 500fs) first penetrates the Cr2O3 passivation film and forms a micropore array. A subsequent nanosecond pulsed laser (wavelength 1064nm, pulse width 100ns) uses the cavitation effect generated by the micropores to completely remove the scale. This process restores the surface Cr / Fe ratio to within ±2% of its original value without causing chromium depletion at grain boundaries.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mathematical model of laser cleaning specifically includes: when the material type is copper alloy and the rust grade is A / B rust, a green light semiconductor continuous laser with a sixth continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate to photothermally decompose basic copper carbonate, and then a pulse laser with a fourth pulse power is used to selectively remove Cu2O on the surface of the power equipment, and the pulse interval is controlled within the range of 50-100μs.

[0062] When the material type is copper alloy and the rust grade is Class C, the surface of the power equipment is scanned by an infrared semiconductor continuous laser with a seventh continuous power at a first scanning rate to cause the sulfide to thermally expand and crack. At the same time, the surface of the power equipment is scanned by a pulsed laser with a fifth pulse power. With the assistance of a directional nitrogen curtain, the exploded corrosion products are blown away from the grain boundaries. The fifth pulse power is less than the fourth pulse power.

[0063] The material type is copper alloy, and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale rust. The surface of the power equipment is first scanned with a CO2 continuous laser of the eighth continuous power at a first scanning rate, and then a mid-infrared pulse laser of the sixth pulse power is used to decompose the oxide layer, and then a blue light pulse laser of the seventh pulse power is used for surface passivation treatment.

[0064] Specifically, during the cleaning of Class A / B rust on copper alloys, a continuous green laser (515nm wavelength, 100W power) photothermolysis of basic copper carbonate was used, leveraging copper's high green light absorption rate (>70%) to achieve rapid surface treatment. Subsequently, pulsed green laser (515nm wavelength, 10ns pulse width, 0.5mJ energy) was used to selectively remove the underlying Cu2O. Controlling the pulse interval (50-100μs) effectively suppressed the formation of "black spot" defects. The post-cleaning surface color difference (ΔE) was less than 1.5.

[0065] For Class C corrosion on copper alloys, a laser-airflow hybrid cleaning system is used: a continuous semiconductor infrared laser (wavelength 980nm, power 200W) scans, causing sulfide (Cu2S) to expand and crack due to thermal expansion. A synchronous pulsed laser (wavelength 1064nm, pulse width 50ns), aided by a directional nitrogen curtain (0.4MPa, 45° incidence), sweeps the cracked corrosion products away from the grain boundaries. The substrate temperature is maintained below 120°C throughout the process to prevent excessive volatilization of the low-melting-point Zn element (boiling point 907°C), which could lead to increased dezincification corrosion.

[0066] The removal of high-temperature oxide scale on copper alloys utilizes a three-stage composite process: first, a continuous CO2 laser (10.6μm, 400W power) preferentially softens the CuO layer and reduces its adhesion; then, a mid-infrared pulsed laser (2.94μm wavelength, 100μs pulse width) decomposes the oxide layer via a hydroxyl vibration absorption mechanism; and finally, a blue light pulse (450nm wavelength, 5ns pulse width) is used for surface passivation, forming a dense Cu2O protective layer (50-80nm thick). This method can restore electrical conductivity to over 95% of its initial value and reduce the surface oxidation rate by 60%.

[0067] From the above, based on the photothermal effect, photochemical effect and photomechanical effect of laser, the absorption capacity of different pollutants to laser of specific wavelength, and considering the division of labor between continuous laser and pulsed laser, composite cleaning of the rust layer can achieve effective cleaning of pollutants of different materials and rust grades without causing damage to the substrate.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned method for cleaning rust on the surface of electrical equipment may further include: determining the safe working distance for cleaning and the energized state of cleaning according to the voltage level of the electrical equipment, and the energized state of cleaning includes: cleaning in the energized state and cleaning in the power-off state.

[0069] Specifically, non-contact laser rust removal is expected to address the labor-intensive, dust-prone, and inability to operate live equipment through traditional grinding and rust removal. For safety reasons, rust removal on high-voltage live equipment must be performed at a safe distance. Safe working distances for several commonly used high voltages are shown in Table 1 below. Generally speaking, the higher the voltage level, the greater the safe distance. For the 220kV high voltage commonly found in urban substations, the safe distance is 3m. For the current ultra-high voltage 500kV in urban substations, the safe distance is 5m.

[0070] Table 1

[0071]

[0072] In summary, according to the rust cleaning method for the surface of power equipment in an embodiment of the present invention, semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser are used to perform continuous / pulse laser composite cleaning on the surface of power equipment, and different cleaning strategies are designed for different rust layers of different materials to form a set of high-efficiency, high-quality, low-damage and low-energy consumption laser cleaning strategies, thereby realizing multi-scenario laser rust removal of power equipment and improving the maintenance efficiency and safety of power facilities. On the one hand, it can solve the problem of large energy attenuation and insufficient energy density of single pulse laser, which cannot realize long-distance live cleaning. On the other hand, it can overcome the shortcomings of poor surface quality of workpieces due to simple continuous laser cleaning, and realize efficient and high-precision remote cleaning. In addition, the use of semiconductor continuous laser, the small size and mass of the required equipment are conducive to the lightweight design of laser cleaning equipment, and its low price is more acceptable to users.

[0073] Corresponding to the aforementioned method for cleaning rust from the surface of power equipment, the present invention also provides a system for cleaning rust from the surface of power equipment. Since the system embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the aforementioned method embodiment, details not disclosed in the system embodiment can be referred to the aforementioned method embodiment and will not be further described in this invention.

[0074] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the system includes: an establishment module 1, an acquisition module 2, a determination module 3 and a control module 4.

[0075] Establishing module 1 is used to establish a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters, wherein the laser cleaning parameters include: laser type, laser time sequence, laser power and scanning speed, and the laser types include: semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser; acquiring module 2 is used to obtain the material type and rust level of the surface of the power equipment to be cleaned; determining module 3 is used to use the laser cleaning mathematical model to determine the laser cleaning parameters according to the material type and rust level; controlling module 4 is used to control the cleaning equipment to clean the rust on the surface of the power equipment according to the laser cleaning parameters.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, module 1 is specifically used for: S11, designing a continuous laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effects of different continuous laser powers and scanning rates under different substrate materials and corrosion levels. The laser cleaning effect is determined based on the surface removal thickness, surface roughness and surface cleanliness after cleaning; S12, designing a pulsed laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effects under different substrate materials and corrosion levels under different pulsed laser powers and scanning rates; S13, designing a continuous-pulse laser composite cleaning test platform, using multiple regression analysis, based on The test data in step S11 and step S12 are used to perform spatiotemporal coupling design of continuous laser and pulsed laser, and the laser cleaning effects of continuous laser and pulsed laser under coupling conditions of different time sequences and powers on different substrate materials and rust levels are tested; S14, based on the test results in S13, with the goals of low surface roughness of the material after cleaning, thick removal thickness of the rust layer, high surface cleanliness and minimal substrate damage, the test substrate image is grayscaled, and the grayscale mean is used to evaluate the rust removal effect, and a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters is generated.

[0077] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination module 3 is further used to determine the safe working distance for cleaning and the energized state of cleaning according to the voltage level of the power equipment. The energized state of cleaning includes energized state cleaning and power-off state cleaning.

[0078] According to the rust cleaning system for the surface of power equipment in an embodiment of the present invention, semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser are used to perform continuous / pulse laser composite cleaning on the surface of power equipment, and different cleaning strategies are designed for different rust layers of different materials to form a set of high-efficiency, high-quality, low-damage and low-energy consumption laser cleaning strategies, thereby realizing multi-scenario laser rust removal of power equipment and improving the maintenance efficiency and safety of power facilities. On the one hand, it can solve the problem that a single pulse laser has large energy attenuation and insufficient energy density, and cannot realize long-distance live cleaning. On the other hand, it can overcome the shortcomings of poor surface quality of workpieces caused by simple continuous laser cleaning, and realize efficient and high-precision remote cleaning. In addition, the use of semiconductor continuous lasers, the small size and mass of the equipment required are conducive to the lightweight design of laser cleaning equipment, and its low price makes it more acceptable to users.

[0079] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. "Multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0080] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Throughout this specification, the schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and integrate different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features from different embodiments or examples, without conflicting requirements. Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Throughout this specification, the schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without mutual contradiction.

[0081] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.

[0082] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing the logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (e.g., a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic devices), a portable computer disk cartridge (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing it in another suitable manner if necessary, and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0083] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof can be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application-specific integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method of the above embodiment can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0085] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single module. The aforementioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0086] The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0087] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Establishing a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-corrosion level-laser cleaning parameters, wherein the laser cleaning parameters include: laser type, laser time sequence, laser power and scanning speed. Laser types include: semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser. Obtain the material type and rust level of the surface of the power equipment to be cleaned; Using the mathematical model of laser cleaning, the laser cleaning parameters are determined according to the material type and rust level; The cleaning equipment is controlled according to the laser cleaning parameters to clean the rust on the surface of the power equipment.

2. The method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically, the following steps are used to establish the laser cleaning mathematical model: S11, designing a semiconductor continuous laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect of different semiconductor continuous laser powers and scanning rates under different substrate materials and corrosion levels. The laser cleaning effect is determined based on the surface removal thickness, surface roughness and surface cleanliness after cleaning; S12, design a pulsed laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect under different substrate materials and corrosion levels, different pulsed laser powers and scanning rates; S13, designing a semiconductor continuous-pulse laser composite cleaning test platform, using multiple regression analysis, based on the test data in step S11 and step S12, performing a spatiotemporal coupling design of semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser, and testing the laser cleaning effects of semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser under coupling conditions of different time sequences and powers, on different substrate materials and corrosion levels; S14, based on the test results in S13, with the goal of low surface roughness of the material after cleaning, thick rust layer removal, high surface cleanliness and minimal substrate damage, the test substrate image is grayscaled, and the grayscale mean is used to evaluate the rust removal effect, and a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters is generated.

3. The method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes: When the material type is carbon steel and the rust grade is Class A / B rust, the surface of the power equipment is first scanned using a semiconductor continuous laser with a first continuous power at a first scanning rate, and then scanned using a pulsed laser with a first pulse power at a second scanning rate until the surface roughness Ra of the power equipment is less than 1.6 μm, wherein the first scanning rate is greater than the second scanning rate; When the material type is carbon steel and the rust grade is Class C, a semiconductor continuous laser with a second continuous power is first used to perform high-temperature thermal shock on the dense Fe3O4 / Fe2O layer, and then a pulsed laser with a second pulse power is used to perform layered ablation by adjusting the pulse overlap rate until the surface cleanliness reaches Sa2.5 level and the depth of the heat-affected zone is less than 30 μm, wherein the first continuous power is less than the second continuous power, and the first pulse power is less than the second pulse power; When the material type is carbon steel and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale corrosion, a semiconductor continuous laser with a third continuous power is used to perform a circular scan on the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate. At the same time, a pulsed laser is used to dynamically adjust the pulse energy through real-time feedback of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to selectively remove local high-temperature areas. The third continuous power is greater than the second continuous power.

4. The method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes: When the material type is T4003 stainless steel and the rust grade is Class A / B, a continuous laser with a fourth continuous power is used to treat the surface pitting area. Then, a UV pulsed laser is switched to a third pulse power to cold-work and remove the residual Cr2O3 at the grain boundary. The single-pulse removal depth is controlled to be less than 50nm. At the same time, plasma spectrum monitoring is performed to ensure that the surface Cr element content remains above 12%. The material type is T4003 stainless steel, and the rust grade is Class C. First, a 500kHz modulated fifth continuous power semiconductor continuous laser is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at the first scanning rate to thermally decompose the Cl- corrosion products. Then, a pulsed laser with adjustable pulse width is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width according to the real-time impedance detection signal. After cleaning, eddy current testing is used to ensure that the stress corrosion crack detection rate is <0.1mm / m 2 , the fifth continuous power is greater than the fourth continuous power; The material type is T4003 stainless steel, and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale corrosion. A femtosecond pulse laser is used to penetrate the Cr2O3 passivation film and form a micropore array. Then, a nanosecond pulse laser is used to achieve the overall peeling of the oxide scale through the cavitation effect generated by the micropores.

5. The method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The laser cleaning mathematical model specifically includes: When the material type is copper alloy and the rust grade is A / B, a green semiconductor continuous laser with a sixth continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate to photothermally decompose basic copper carbonate. Then, a pulsed laser with a fourth pulse power is used to selectively remove Cu2O from the surface of the power equipment, with the pulse interval controlled within the range of 50-100 μs. When the material type is copper alloy and the rust grade is Class C, an infrared semiconductor continuous laser with a seventh continuous power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment at a first scanning rate to cause the sulfide to thermally expand and crack. At the same time, a pulsed laser with a fifth pulse power is used to scan the surface of the power equipment. With the assistance of a directional nitrogen curtain, the exploded corrosion products are blown away from the grain boundaries. The fifth pulse power is less than the fourth pulse power. The material type is copper alloy, and the rust level is high-temperature oxide scale rust. The surface of the power equipment is first scanned with a CO2 continuous laser of the eighth continuous power at a first scanning rate, and then a mid-infrared pulse laser of the sixth pulse power is used to decompose the oxide layer, and then a blue light pulse laser of the seventh pulse power is used for surface passivation treatment.

6. The method for cleaning rust on the surface of power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: According to the voltage level of the power equipment, the safe working distance for cleaning and the energized state of cleaning are determined. The energized state of cleaning includes: cleaning in energized state and cleaning in power-off state.

7. A rust cleaning system for the surface of power equipment, characterized in that: include: An establishment module is used to establish a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-corrosion level-laser cleaning parameters, wherein the laser cleaning parameters include: laser type, laser time sequence, laser power and scanning speed, and the laser type includes: semiconductor continuous laser and pulsed laser; An acquisition module, the acquisition module being used to acquire the material type and rust grade of the surface of the electrical equipment to be cleaned; A determination module, the determination module being configured to determine laser cleaning parameters according to material type and rust grade using a laser cleaning mathematical model; A control module is used to control the cleaning equipment to clean the rust on the surface of the power equipment according to the laser cleaning parameters.

8. The rust cleaning system for the surface of power equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The establishment module is specifically used for: S11, designing a semiconductor continuous laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect of different semiconductor continuous laser powers and scanning rates under different substrate materials and corrosion levels. The laser cleaning effect is determined based on the surface removal thickness, surface roughness and surface cleanliness after cleaning; S12, design a pulsed laser cleaning process test platform to test the laser cleaning effect under different substrate materials and corrosion levels, different pulsed laser powers and scanning rates; S13, designing a semiconductor continuous-pulse laser composite cleaning test platform, using multiple regression analysis, based on the test data in step S11 and step S12, performing a spatiotemporal coupling design of semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser, and testing the laser cleaning effects of semiconductor continuous laser and pulse laser under coupling conditions of different time sequences and powers, on different substrate materials and corrosion levels; S14, based on the test results in S13, with the goal of low surface roughness of the material after cleaning, thick rust layer removal, high surface cleanliness and minimal substrate damage, the test substrate image is grayscaled, and the grayscale mean is used to evaluate the rust removal effect, and a laser cleaning mathematical model of material type-rust level-laser cleaning parameters is generated.

9. The rust cleaning system for the surface of power equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The determining module is further configured to: According to the voltage level of the power equipment, the safe working distance for cleaning and the energized state of cleaning are determined. The energized state of cleaning includes: cleaning in energized state and cleaning in power-off state.

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