Composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance, and relates to the technical field of laser cutting, the composite laser cutting device comprises a laser generator, an amplification section is fixed at the bottom of the laser generator, and the laser generator is used for amplifying laser; the driving assembly is connected to the outer wall of the amplification section in a sleeving manner; the adjusting assembly is mounted on the lower end face of the driving assembly; the adsorption assembly is fixed on the lower end surface of the adjusting assembly; the isolation assembly is coaxially arranged on the outer wall of the adsorption assembly in a sleeving mode and fixedly connected with the adjusting assembly; the laser head is fixed on the lower end surface of the amplification section; the distance sensor is fixed to the outer wall of the driving assembly and used for measuring the distance between the adsorption assembly and the workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, in particular to a composite laser cutting device assisted by small negative pressure. Background Art

[0002] Laser cutting uses a high-power density laser beam to irradiate the material to be cut, so that the material is quickly heated to the vaporization temperature, evaporating to form holes. As the beam moves across the material, the holes continuously form a very narrow (such as about 0.1mm) cut, completing the cutting of the material.

[0003] Existing laser cutting uses external air blowing to clean the slag generated by cutting during cutting, which will cause the slag to escape and damage the laser head. Some methods use a negative pressure chamber at the bottom of the workpiece and upper air blowing for coordinated cleaning. However, when the workpiece is thicker, the laser cannot penetrate the workpiece at one time. At this time, slag will accumulate in the cut, affecting the cutting. Moreover, as the cut depth deepens during cutting, the cleaning ability of the blowing device gradually decreases.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance, comprising:

[0006] The laser generator has an amplifying section fixed at the bottom for amplifying the laser;

[0007] A driving assembly sleeved on the outer wall of the amplifying section;

[0008] An adjusting assembly, mounted on the lower end surface of the driving assembly;

[0009] an adsorption component, fixed to the lower end surface of the adjustment component;

[0010] An isolation component is coaxially sleeved on the outer wall of the adsorption component and fixedly connected to the adjustment component;

[0011] a laser head, fixed on the lower end surface of the amplifying section;

[0012] The distance sensor is fixed on the outer wall of the driving component and is used to measure the distance between the adsorption component and the workpiece.

[0013] Furthermore, preferably, the driving assembly includes:

[0014] A fixed cylinder with a pneumatic chamber provided inside;

[0015] At least two pneumatic tubes are circumferentially fixed to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder and communicate with the pneumatic chamber, and the pneumatic tubes are communicated with an external air source device;

[0016] The sliding columns are configured in plurality and are all slidably arranged on the lower end surface of the fixed cylinder and driven by the gas in the pneumatic chamber.

[0017] Furthermore, preferably, the adjustment component includes:

[0018] An adjusting cylinder is fixed on the lower end surfaces of the plurality of sliding columns, and a plurality of shock-absorbing springs are arranged between the adjusting cylinder and the fixing cylinder, and the plurality of shock-absorbing springs are all sleeved on the sliding columns;

[0019] A negative pressure chamber is provided in the regulating cylinder;

[0020] The delivery pipe is fixed on the side wall of the regulating cylinder and is communicated with the negative pressure chamber.

[0021] Furthermore, preferably, a guide surface is provided on one end surface of the delivery pipe located in the negative pressure chamber, the delivery pipe is connected to the collecting cylinder, and a suction device is installed in the collecting cylinder.

[0022] Furthermore, preferably, the adsorption component includes:

[0023] The guide walls are configured as four and are coaxially arranged in the negative pressure chamber, and a first adsorption chamber, a second adsorption chamber and a third adsorption chamber are sequentially opened between the four guide walls from the outside to the inside;

[0024] Grid 1 is configured as a plurality of grids, which are circumferentially and evenly distributed in the first adsorption chamber;

[0025] Grid 2 is configured as a plurality of grids, which are circumferentially and evenly distributed in the second adsorption chamber;

[0026] The grid three is configured as a plurality of grids that are circumferentially and evenly distributed in the third adsorption chamber.

[0027] Furthermore, preferably, the widths of the first adsorption bin, the second adsorption bin and the third adsorption bin increase successively, and the inclination angles of the first adsorption bin, the second adsorption bin and the third adsorption bin decrease successively, all facing the laser head, and the focal point of the adsorption direction of the first adsorption bin corresponds to the cutting position of the workpiece.

[0028] Furthermore, preferably, the grid one, grid two and grid three are all arranged at an angle, and the number of the grid one, grid two and grid three decreases in sequence.

[0029] Furthermore, preferably, the isolation assembly includes:

[0030] An isolation ring fixed to the outer wall of the adsorption assembly;

[0031] An air inlet chamber is provided in the isolation ring;

[0032] An air inlet is fixed on the outer wall of the isolation ring and communicates with the air inlet chamber, and is supplied with nitrogen by an outer wall air supply device;

[0033] The air outlet is configured as a plurality of air outlets, which are arranged circumferentially and obliquely on the lower end surface of the isolation ring and are connected to the air inlet chamber. The oblique direction of the air outlet is away from the laser head.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention forms a stepped negative pressure layer through three-stage adsorption chambers, and the width of the three-stage adsorption chambers increases gradually, so that the adsorption flow rate of the outermost first adsorption chamber is the largest, and is precisely focused on the laser cutting point, which can directly adsorb and diffuse the high-temperature slag in the direction away from the laser head, and adsorb it when passing through the second adsorption chamber and the first adsorption chamber, significantly reducing slag adhesion and improving the incision quality. The layered stepped adsorption avoids the diffusion of smoke and dust, protects the optical lens, and can form a vortex through the grid one, grid two and grid three during adsorption, so that the slag spirals into the negative pressure chamber, avoiding The slag kinetic energy is too large to hit the guide wall and cause rebound, and a nitrogen gas film can be formed through the isolation component during adsorption, so that the adsorption component can form a stable negative pressure area, and the air film can block the external air to reduce the oxidation of the cutting seam. As the cutting seam deepens or the flatness of the workpiece surface increases, the adsorption component and the isolation component can be adjusted by the driving component, so as to make corresponding adjustments according to the depth of the cutting seam or the flatness of the workpiece surface, avoiding changes in adsorption intensity caused by changes in the distance from the workpiece and improving the stability of negative pressure adsorption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a composite laser cutting device assisted by a small negative pressure;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure cross-section of a composite laser cutting device assisted by a small negative pressure;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adsorption component of a composite laser cutting device assisted by a small negative pressure;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the isolation component structure of a composite laser cutting device assisted by a small negative pressure;

[0040] Figure 5A schematic diagram of the negative pressure adsorption state of a composite laser cutting device assisted by small negative pressure;

[0041] In the figure: 1. Laser generator; 2. Amplification section; 3. Drive assembly; 4. Adjustment assembly; 5. Adsorption assembly; 6. Isolation assembly; 7. Laser head; 8. Workpiece; 31. Fixed cylinder; 32. Pneumatic chamber; 33. Pneumatic tube; 34. Sliding column; 41. Adjustment cylinder; 42. Negative pressure chamber; 43. Delivery pipe; 51. Guide wall; 52. First adsorption chamber; 53. Second adsorption chamber; 54. Third adsorption chamber; 55. Grid one; 56. Grid two; 57. Grid three; 61. Isolation ring; 62. Air inlet chamber; 63. Air inlet; 64. Air outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Reference Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance, comprising:

[0043] The laser generator 1 has an amplifying section 2 fixed at the bottom for amplifying the laser;

[0044] A driving assembly 3, sleeved on the outer wall of the amplifying section 2;

[0045] An adjusting assembly 4 is mounted on the lower end surface of the driving assembly 3;

[0046] An adsorption component 5 is fixed on the lower end surface of the adjustment component 4;

[0047] The isolation component 6 is coaxially sleeved on the outer wall of the adsorption component 5 and fixedly connected to the adjustment component 4;

[0048] The laser head 7 is fixed on the lower end surface of the amplifying section 2;

[0049] The distance sensor is fixed on the outer wall of the driving assembly 3 and is used to measure the distance between the adsorption assembly 5 and the workpiece 8.

[0050] Among them, the distance sensor can detect the flatness of the workpiece surface during the cutting operation, thereby adjusting the distance between the adsorption component 5 and the workpiece 8, increasing the stability of the negative pressure adsorption, and as the cutting depth of the laser head 7 increases, the driving component 3 can also control the adsorption component 5 to gradually approach the workpiece 8, thereby avoiding slag accumulation in the cutting seam.

[0051] In this embodiment, the driving component 3 includes:

[0052] A fixed cylinder 31, inside of which a pneumatic chamber 32 is opened;

[0053] At least two pneumatic tubes 33 are circumferentially fixed to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder 31 and communicate with the pneumatic chamber 32. The pneumatic tubes 33 are communicated with an external air source device;

[0054] The sliding columns 34 are configured in a plurality and are all slidably disposed on the lower end surface of the fixed cylinder 31 and driven by the gas in the pneumatic chamber 32 .

[0055] It should be noted that the start and stop control of the driving component 3 is controlled by the distance sensor or the cutting depth of the laser head 7, so that the adsorption component 5 maintains the same adsorption strength on the cut, thereby improving the negative pressure cleaning effect.

[0056] That is to say, the pneumatic chamber 32 can drive the sliding column 34 through an external air source, thereby driving the adsorption component 5 to adapt to the height change of the workpiece 8.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, the adjustment component 4 includes:

[0058] The adjusting cylinder 41 is fixed to the lower end surface of the plurality of sliding columns 34, and a plurality of shock-absorbing springs are provided between the adjusting cylinder 41 and the fixing cylinder 31, and the plurality of shock-absorbing springs are all sleeved on the sliding columns 34;

[0059] The negative pressure chamber 42 is provided in the regulating cylinder 41;

[0060] The delivery pipe 43 is fixed to the side wall of the regulating cylinder 41 and communicates with the negative pressure chamber 42 .

[0061] The shock-absorbing spring can buffer the vibration caused by the gas ejected from the isolation component 6, thereby ensuring that the distance between the laser head 7 and the workpiece 8 is stable.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment, the delivery pipe 43 is provided with a guide surface on one end surface of the negative pressure chamber 42 , and the delivery pipe 43 is connected to the collecting cylinder, in which a suction device is installed.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, the adsorption component 5 includes:

[0064] There are four guide walls 51 coaxially arranged in the negative pressure chamber 42, and a first adsorption chamber 52, a second adsorption chamber 53 and a third adsorption chamber 54 are sequentially opened between the four guide walls 51 from the outside to the inside;

[0065] Grid 1 55 is configured as a plurality of grids and evenly distributed around the first adsorption chamber 52;

[0066] The second grid 56 is configured as a plurality of grids and evenly distributed around the circumference of the second adsorption chamber 53;

[0067] The grid three 57 is configured as a plurality of grids and is evenly distributed circumferentially in the third adsorption chamber 54 .

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, the widths of the first adsorption bin 52, the second adsorption bin 53 and the third adsorption bin 54 increase successively, and the inclination angles of the first adsorption bin 52, the second adsorption bin 53 and the third adsorption bin 54 decrease successively, all facing the laser head 7, and the focal point of the adsorption direction of the first adsorption bin 52 corresponds to the cutting position of the workpiece 8.

[0069] That is, a three-level stepped negative pressure layer is formed by the first adsorption chamber 52, the second adsorption chamber 53 and the third adsorption chamber 54, and the widths of the first adsorption chamber 52, the second adsorption chamber 53 and the third adsorption chamber 54 are increased in sequence, so that the adsorption flow rate of the outermost first adsorption chamber 52 is the largest and is precisely focused on the laser cutting point, which can directly adsorb and diffuse the high-temperature slag in a direction away from the laser head 7, and adsorb it when passing through the second adsorption chamber 53 and the first adsorption chamber 52, significantly reducing slag adhesion and improving the incision quality. In addition, the layered stepped adsorption prevents the diffusion of smoke and dust, protecting the optical lens.

[0070] In addition, during laser cutting, slag splashes. At this time, large particles of slag have greater kinetic energy. When passing through the adsorption area of ​​the third adsorption bin 54, the slag is initially pulled by the wide flow channel and weak vortex, thereby reducing the splashing kinetic energy and temperature of the large particles of slag. Then, the splashing kinetic energy and temperature of the large particles of slag are reduced again through the adsorption area of ​​the second adsorption bin 53, and finally adsorbed through the first adsorption bin 52, wherein smaller particles and smoke can be directly adsorbed through the third adsorption bin 54 and the second adsorption bin 53, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment, the grid one 55 , the grid two 56 and the grid three 57 are all arranged at an angle, and the number of the grid one 55 , the grid two 56 and the grid three 57 decreases in sequence.

[0072] The swirl generated by the grid 1 55 , the grid 2 56 and the grid 3 57 can cause the slag to spiral into the negative pressure chamber 42 , thereby preventing the slag from hitting the guide wall 51 due to excessive kinetic energy and causing rebound.

[0073] As a preferred embodiment, the isolation assembly 6 includes:

[0074] An isolation ring 61 is fixed to the outer wall of the adsorption component 5;

[0075] An air inlet chamber 62 is provided in the isolation ring 61;

[0076] The air inlet 63 is fixed on the outer wall of the isolation ring 61 and communicates with the air inlet chamber 62, and is supplied with nitrogen by the outer wall air supply equipment;

[0077] The air outlets 64 are configured as a plurality of air outlets 64 , which are arranged circumferentially and obliquely on the lower end surface of the isolation ring 61 and are connected to the air inlet chamber 62 . The oblique direction of the air outlets 64 is away from the laser head 7 .

[0078] It should be noted that, during adsorption, nitrogen gas is sprayed through the air outlet 64 to form an air film, so that the adsorption component 5 can form a stable negative pressure area, and the air film can block the external air and reduce oxidation of the cut.

[0079] In addition, the air outlet 64 is tilted away from the laser head 7 to avoid the ejected airflow from disturbing the negative pressure area, thereby improving the stability of the negative pressure.

[0080] During specific implementation, first, the cutting position of the workpiece 8 is cut by the laser head 7. During cutting, the slag and smoke are adsorbed and cleaned by the three-stage negative pressure adsorption of the adsorption component 5 to improve the quality of the cutting seam. At the same time, the adsorption component 5 is height-adjusted in real time by the driving component 4 to improve the stability of the adsorption. During cutting, nitrogen is sprayed through the isolation component 6 to form an air film, so that the adsorption component 5 can form a stable negative pressure area, and the air film can block the external air to reduce the oxidation of the cutting seam.

[0081] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance, characterized in that: include: A laser generator (1) having an amplifying section (2) fixed at its bottom for amplifying the laser; A driving assembly (3) sleeved on the outer wall of the amplifying section (2); An adjusting assembly (4) mounted on the lower end surface of the driving assembly (3); An adsorption component (5) is fixed to the lower end surface of the adjustment component (4); An isolation component (6) is coaxially sleeved on the outer wall of the adsorption component (5) and fixedly connected to the adjustment component (4); A laser head (7) is fixed on the lower end surface of the amplifying section (2); A distance sensor is fixed on the outer wall of the driving component (3) and is used to measure the distance between the adsorption component (5) and the workpiece (8).

2. A composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (3) comprises: A fixed cylinder (31) having a pneumatic chamber (32) formed therein; At least two pneumatic tubes (33) are circumferentially fixed to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder (31) and communicate with the pneumatic chamber (32). The pneumatic tubes (33) are communicated with an external air source device; The sliding columns (34) are configured as a plurality, each of which is slidably arranged on the lower end surface of the fixed cylinder (31) and driven by the gas in the pneumatic chamber (32).

3. The composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The regulating component (4) comprises: An adjusting cylinder (41) is fixed to the lower end surfaces of the plurality of sliding columns (34), and a plurality of shock-absorbing springs are provided between the adjusting cylinder (41) and the fixing cylinder (31), and the plurality of shock-absorbing springs are all sleeved on the sliding columns (34); A negative pressure chamber (42) is provided in the regulating cylinder (41); The delivery pipe (43) is fixed to the side wall of the regulating cylinder (41) and is in communication with the negative pressure chamber (42).

4. The composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The delivery pipe (43) is located at one end surface of the negative pressure chamber (42) and is provided with a guide surface. The delivery pipe (43) is in communication with a collecting cylinder, and a suction device is installed in the collecting cylinder.

5. The composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The adsorption component (5) comprises: The guide walls (51) are configured as four and are coaxially arranged in the negative pressure chamber (42), and a first adsorption chamber (52), a second adsorption chamber (53), and a third adsorption chamber (54) are sequentially provided between the four guide walls (51) from the outside to the inside. Grid one (55) is configured as a plurality of grids and is evenly distributed circumferentially within the first adsorption chamber (52); Grid 2 (56) is configured as a plurality of grids, which are circumferentially and evenly distributed in the second adsorption chamber (53); The grid three (57) is configured as a plurality of grids and is evenly distributed circumferentially within the third adsorption chamber (54).

6. The composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance according to claim 5, characterized in that: The widths of the first adsorption chamber (52), the second adsorption chamber (53) and the third adsorption chamber (54) increase successively, and the inclination angles of the first adsorption chamber (52), the second adsorption chamber (53) and the third adsorption chamber (54) decrease successively, all facing the laser head (7), and the focus point of the adsorption direction of the first adsorption chamber (52) corresponds to the cutting position of the workpiece (8).

7. The composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grid one (55), grid two (56) and grid three (57) are all arranged at an angle, and the number of the grid one (55), grid two (56) and grid three (57) decreases in sequence.

8. The composite laser cutting device based on small negative pressure assistance according to claim 5, characterized in that: The isolation component (6) comprises: An isolation ring (61) fixed to the outer wall of the adsorption assembly (5); An air inlet chamber (62) is provided in the isolation ring (61); An air inlet (63) is fixed on the outer wall of the isolation ring (61) and is in communication with the air inlet bin (62), and is supplied with nitrogen by an outer wall air supply device; The air outlets (64) are configured as a plurality of air outlets, which are arranged circumferentially and obliquely on the lower end surface of the isolation ring (61) and are connected to the air inlet chamber (62). The oblique direction of the air outlets (64) is away from the laser head (7).

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