Aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure

Abstract

The invention discloses an aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method of livestock and poultry manure, which belongs to the technical field of fermentation, and comprises the following steps: S1, mixing livestock and poultry manure with dry bulk auxiliary materials; s2, uniformly mixing a zymophyte agent with saw dust or mushroom dregs, putting the mixture into the mixture, and uniformly mixing; s3, the mixture is put into a horizontal fermentation tank to be fermented for 3-3.5 h; and S4, conveying the materials subjected to primary fermentation to a secondary fermentation area, and carrying out aging stacking for 20 days. According to the aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for the livestock and poultry manure, provided by the invention, high-temperature aerobic fermentation and composting fermentation are combined, an environment for rapid propagation of high-temperature aerobic bacteria is created through heating and aerobic conditions, rapid curing of the livestock and poultry manure is promoted, the temperature rise speed and fermentation temperature of a pile body are increased, the overall time of fermentation and aging is shortened, and the yield of the livestock and poultry manure is increased. Harmful substances such as pathogenic bacteria, seeds and eggs in the livestock manure are fully inactivated, the discharged material is loose and odorless, and the device is suitable for production of organic fertilizers and nutrient soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure, and belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure fermentation. Background Art

[0002] The essence of the livestock and poultry manure fermentation process is the coexistence of organic matter and humification, and the final formation of organic fertilizer. Factors affecting this process include temperature, pH value, moisture content, ventilation and oxygen supply, organic matter content, C / N ratio, fermentation bacteria, etc. Existing methods for the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure are mostly pile fermentation, which has the disadvantages of long fermentation time, low fermentation efficiency, and low manure conversion rate, which is not conducive to the large-scale production of organic fertilizer. For example, the fermentation methods currently used are mainly sealed fermentation in tanks / cans or composting fermentation. If the former completes the entire fermentation process in a tank or can, a large amount of fermentation equipment will be required, and the equipment will have a long working time and high operating costs. The problems with the latter are mainly long fermentation time and odor pollution to the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure, which creates an environment for rapid reproduction of high-temperature aerobic bacteria through heating and aerobic conditions, promotes rapid maturation of livestock and poultry manure, increases the heating rate of the pile and the fermentation temperature, and shortens the overall fermentation and aging time.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for aerobic rapid fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Mixing livestock manure with dry bulk auxiliary materials to make the moisture content of the mixture 50%-55%;

[0007] S2, fermentation agent and 1m 3 Mix the sawdust or fungus residue evenly and add it into the mixture;

[0008] S3, the mixture is put into a horizontal fermentation tank for fermentation for 3-3.5h. The fermentation tank is provided with an air inlet and an air exhaust port. External air enters the fermentation tank from the air inlet, and the gas in the fermentation tank is extracted from the air exhaust port to maintain a slight negative pressure in the fermentation tank. The fermentation temperature of the mixture is 69-71°C. The mixture is intermittently stirred and aerated to expand the fermentation bacteria and promote the primary fermentation conversion of poultry and livestock manure;

[0009] S4. The material after primary fermentation is discharged from the fermentation tank and sent to the secondary fermentation area for aging and stacking for 20-30 days. During this period, the pile is turned over at intervals to promote fermentation and maturity of the material.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the dry bulk auxiliary materials include one or more of straw chips, sawdust, bran, fungus residue, and corn sugar residue.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the weight of the fermentation agent required for every 10 tons of livestock manure is 1-1.2 kg.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the fermentation bacteria agent is any one or more of acetic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, Aspergillus niger, and yeast.

[0013] Preferably, the stirrer stirs for 5-6 minutes each time, the stirring speed is 4-6 r / min, the interval between two stirrings is 15-20 minutes, the negative pressure in the fermentation tank is 0.03-0.06 MPa, and the air intake flow rate of the air inlet is 60-80 m 3 / h.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, a heat-conducting oil jacket is provided on the outer wall of the fermentation tank, and heat-conducting oil is introduced into the heat-conducting oil jacket to heat the fermentation tank, and the temperature of the heat-conducting oil is 90° C.-120° C.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, the materials are stirred twice every 7 days during the first 14 days of the secondary fermentation process, and the materials are stirred 3-4 times on the 15th to 20th days.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, the ambient temperature of the secondary fermentation zone is 25-45°C.

[0017] Typically, the livestock manure is any one or more of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure, and duck manure.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention include but are not limited to:

[0019] The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure provided by the present invention combines high-temperature aerobic fermentation with composting fermentation, creates an environment for rapid reproduction of high-temperature aerobic bacteria through heating and aerobic conditions, promotes rapid maturation of livestock and poultry manure, increases the heating rate of the pile and the fermentation temperature, shortens the overall fermentation and aging time, and improves production efficiency; pathogens, seeds, insect eggs and other harmful substances in livestock and poultry manure are fully inactivated, and the output is loose and odorless, suitable for the production of organic fertilizer and nutrient soil. Compared with traditional composting methods, the present invention can improve product quality and achieve harmlessness, reduction, stabilization and resource recycling of livestock and poultry manure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail in the following. However, it should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0021] The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1. Mixing livestock manure with dry bulk auxiliary materials so that the moisture content of the mixture is 50%-55%; wherein the dry bulk auxiliary materials include one or more of straw chips, sawdust, bran, mushroom residue, and corn sugar residue; and the livestock manure includes one or more of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure, and duck manure;

[0023] S2, fermentation agent and 1m 3 Sawdust or fungus residue is evenly mixed and added to the mixture for mixing; wherein the fermentation agent is any one or more of acetic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, Aspergillus niger, and yeast, and the weight of the fermentation agent required for every 10 tons of poultry and livestock manure is 1-1.2 kg; the fermentation agent can be in the form of liquid or powder, the liquid being a concentrated brown liquid with a fruity sour taste, and the powder being based on bran;

[0024] S3. Put the mixed material into the horizontal fermentation tank for fermentation for 3-3.5 hours. The fermentation tank is provided with an air inlet and an air exhaust port. The external air is heated at a speed of 60-80m 3 / h flow enters the fermentation tank from the air inlet, and at the same time, the gas in the fermentation tank is extracted from the air extraction port to maintain a slight negative pressure of 0.03-0.06MPa in the fermentation tank;

[0025] The outer wall of the fermentation tank is provided with a heat-conducting oil jacket, into which heat-conducting oil is introduced to heat the fermentation tank. The temperature of the heat-conducting oil is 90-120°C, so that the fermentation temperature of the mixture in the fermentation tank is 69-71°C.

[0026] During the fermentation process, the mixture is intermittently stirred and aerated to expand the fermentation bacteria and promote the primary fermentation conversion of livestock manure. The intermittent stirring time is 5-6 minutes, the stirring speed is 4-6 r / min, and the interval between two stirrings is 15-20 minutes.

[0027] S4. The material after primary fermentation is discharged from the fermentation tank and sent to the secondary fermentation area for aging and stacking for 20 days. During this period, the pile is turned over at intervals to promote fermentation and maturity of the material; wherein, the ambient temperature of the secondary fermentation area is 25-45°C, and the material is turned over twice every 7 days during the first 14 days of the secondary fermentation process, and 3-4 times on the 15th to 20th days.

[0028] The fermentation method provided by the present invention will be described in detail below through specific examples.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] S1. Mix chicken manure with straw debris, mushroom residue and sawdust to make the moisture content of the mixture 53%.

[0031] S2, liquid fermentation agent and 1m 3The sawdust is evenly mixed and added to the mixture to mix thoroughly; the fermentation agent is an aerobic and thermostable bacteria, which is made by mixing acetic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, Aspergillus niger, yeast and other similar proportions. The weight of the fermentation agent required for every 10t of poultry and livestock manure is 1kg.

[0032] S3, put the mixed material into the horizontal fermentation tank for fermentation for 3 hours. The fermentation tank is provided with an air inlet and an air exhaust port. The external air is heated at 65m 3 / h flow rate enters the fermenter from the air inlet, and at the same time the gas in the fermenter is extracted from the exhaust port to maintain a slight negative pressure of 0.04MPa in the fermenter.

[0033] A heat-conducting oil jacket is provided on the outer wall of the fermentation tank, and heat-conducting oil is introduced into the jacket to heat the fermentation tank. The temperature of the heat-conducting oil is 90℃-120℃, so that the fermentation temperature of the mixture in the fermentation tank is 70℃. The mixture evaporates under the action of auxiliary heat, which intensifies the proliferation of fermentation bacteria. The mixture ferments rapidly under the action of biological heat and auxiliary heat. Moreover, since the temperature of the mixture rises quickly, the odor-producing saprophytic bacteria carried by it cannot adapt to the environment in time and are inactivated. The gas and moisture produced by the fermentation are extracted by the exhaust fan.

[0034] During the fermentation process, the mixture is intermittently stirred and aerated to expand the fermentation bacteria and promote the primary fermentation and transformation of poultry and livestock manure; wherein, each stirring time during intermittent stirring is 5-6 minutes, the stirring speed is 4-6r / min, and the interval between two stirrings is 15-20 minutes.

[0035] After 3 hours of fermentation, the material was discharged and became soft. After testing, the bulk density decreased by 0.1g / cm 3 The color changed from khaki to yellowish brown, the material was odorless, the pH value dropped by 1-2, and there was a smell of wine lees; the mass fraction of soluble organic carbon (DOC) increased from 106g / kg to 124g / kg, and the mass fractions of total volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen were 3.2 times and 2.45 times that before pretreatment, respectively.

[0036] During the fermentation process, the cellulose, starch, sugars, protein and urea in livestock manure are oxidized and acidified by the fermentation bacteria. The main biochemical decomposition reactions are as follows:

[0037] (C6H 10 O5) n +nH2O→nC6H 12 O6, cellulose is hydrolyzed into polysaccharides.

[0038] C6H 12 O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energy, glucose is aerobically decomposed, and some of the intermediate steps are as follows:

[0039] C6H 12 O6→2C2H5OH+2CO2, sugar is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide;

[0040] Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) under the action of acetic acid bacteria, and further oxidized to acetic acid. The simplified reaction is as follows: C2H5OH+O2→CH3COOH+H2O.

[0041] Proteins and other nitrogen-containing organic matter decompose under biochemical reactions to produce ammonia (NH3) as follows:

[0042] Protein + water → amino acid → ammonia + organic acid, urea (CO(NH2)2) is produced in the middle and decomposes under biochemical reactions to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide;

[0043] Ammonia is converted into nitrate (NO3 - ), the reaction is as follows:

[0044] NH3+O2→NO2 - +H2O, NO2 - +O2→NO3 - +H2O.

[0045] The reaction of ammonia (NH3) with organic acid can produce corresponding ammonium salts, which is beneficial to the preservation of ammonia. The general reaction of this process is as follows:

[0046] NH3 + organic acid → ammonium salt + water.

[0047] The reaction between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and ammonia in the fermentation product organic acid is as follows:

[0048] NH3+CH3COOH→CH3COONH4, ammonia reacts with acetic acid to produce ammonium acetate.

[0049] Fermentation products saturated fatty acids (C n H 2n+1 stearic acid (C 18 H 36 O2) reacts with ammonia as follows:

[0050] NH3+C 18 H 35 COOH→C 18 H 35 COONH4, ammonia and stearic acid react to form ammonium stearate.

[0051] After primary fermentation, the material is discharged from the fermentation tank and transported to the secondary fermentation area, where it is piled on flat ground. The pile should be 1.2-1.3 meters high and 1.8-2 meters wide. The looseness should be controlled according to conventional composting standards. The ambient temperature in the secondary fermentation area should be 35°C, and the aging and stacking time should be 20 days. After approximately 48 hours of stacking, the material temperature will rise above 70°C, accelerating dehydration. The pile should be turned periodically during stacking to promote fermentation and maturity. During the first 14 days, the material should be turned twice every 7 days, and 3-4 times from the 15th to the 20th day. During the secondary fermentation process, the organic matter in the material is rapidly decomposed, producing large amounts of ammonium nitrogen and accelerating the degradation of organic acids. The pH value of the material continues to rise, and after 15 days, it is basically stable, with the ammonia nitrogen mass fraction less than 1g / kg, indicating that the material is basically mature.

[0052] The materials were sent for inspection after 10 days of stacking, and the self-inspection showed that the moisture content was 36%, the seed germination rate GI was greater than 50%, and the organic fertilizer had no obvious phytotoxicity.

[0053] After 20 days of storage, the material was submitted for inspection, revealing a moisture content of 28.3%. The finished product's humification index (HI) was 0.77, more than 15% higher than the 0.64 obtained using conventional fermentation methods. This demonstrates the high degree of humification and excellent fermentation quality achieved using the present invention's treatment method for livestock manure. The humus strongly immobilizes ammoniacal nitrogen, reducing the cumulative volatilization of ammonia in the pile and nitrogen volatilization losses by 50%. The total nitrogen (TN) mass fraction was increased by 30-40%, reducing nitrogen losses in the material by more than 50%, and increasing the organic matter content of the fertilizer by 10-30%.

[0054] After the fermentation runs continuously and stably, the 30-cubic-meter equipment can produce 60 tons of organic fertilizer per day; producing 1 ton of organic fertilizer consumes 15 to 20 kWh of electricity and 6 yuan of composting agent, so the production cost is low.

[0055] The above specific implementation manner cannot be used as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any replacement, improvement or transformation made to the implementation manner of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] Any matters not described in detail in the present invention are well-known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for aerobic rapid fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Mixing livestock manure with dry bulk auxiliary materials to make the moisture content of the mixture 50%-55%; S2, fermentation agent and 1m 3 Mix the sawdust or fungus residue evenly and add it into the mixture; S3, the mixture is put into a horizontal fermentation tank for fermentation for 3-3.5h. The fermentation tank is provided with an air inlet and an air exhaust port. External air enters the fermentation tank from the air inlet, and the gas in the fermentation tank is extracted from the air exhaust port to maintain a slight negative pressure in the fermentation tank. The fermentation temperature of the mixture is 69-71°C. The mixture is intermittently stirred and aerated to expand the fermentation bacteria and promote the primary fermentation conversion of poultry and livestock manure; S4. The material after primary fermentation is discharged from the fermentation tank and sent to the secondary fermentation area for aging and stacking for 20-30 days. During this period, the pile is turned over at intervals to promote fermentation and maturity of the material.

2. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the dry bulk auxiliary materials include one or more of straw chips, sawdust, bran, fungus residue, and corn sugar residue.

3. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the weight of the fermentation agent required for every 10 tons of livestock manure is 1-1.2 kg.

4. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the fermentation bacteria agent is any one or more of acetic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, Aspergillus niger, and yeast.

5. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring time of the stirrer is 5-6 minutes, the stirring speed is 4-6 r / min, the interval between two stirrings is 15-20 minutes, the negative pressure in the fermentation tank is 0.03-0.06 MPa, and the air intake flow rate at the air inlet is 60-80m 3 / h.

6. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, a heat-conducting oil jacket is provided on the outer wall of the fermentation tank, and heat-conducting oil is introduced into the heat-conducting oil jacket to heat the fermentation tank, and the temperature of the heat-conducting oil is 90° C.-120° C.

7. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the materials are stirred twice every 7 days during the first 14 days of the secondary fermentation process, and are stirred 3-4 times on the 15th to 20th days.

8. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the ambient temperature of the secondary fermentation area is 25-45°C.

9. The aerobic rapid fermentation treatment method for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The livestock manure is any one or more of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure and duck manure.