Mortise and tenon type concrete assembly type beam-column joint anti-seismic structure design

Abstract

The invention discloses a tenon-and-mortise type concrete assembly type beam-column joint anti-seismic structure design, and relates to the technical field of building structures. The structure comprises a concrete assembly type prefabricated column serving as a mortise end, a concrete assembly type prefabricated beam serving as a tenon end, a wedge-shaped rubber shock absorption and isolation cushion block and a wedge nail kit. The prefabricated column and the prefabricated beam are in butt joint through mortise and tenon fit, the wedge nail suite penetrates through reserved holes of the prefabricated column and the prefabricated beam to achieve positioning and fixing, the high-elasticity rubber cushion block is embedded into a mortise and tenon gap to form an energy dissipation and shock absorption layer, and the contact face and the hole gap are filled with epoxy resin or silicone structural adhesive for sealing. And the optimized node has the anti-seismic property and construction convenience. According to the design, on-site wet operation is reduced, and an efficient and environment-friendly anti-seismic solution is provided for the fabricated building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction structures, and in particular to a seismic-resistant structural design of a mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column node. Background Art

[0002] Concrete assembly technology has been developed for many years and has become a relatively mature technology used in architectural design and construction. However, due to technical regulations for wet-jointing beam-column joints at construction sites, the reserved steel bars in prefabricated concrete components must be precisely hoisted and connected to the reserved holes in the corresponding prefabricated concrete components. This places high demands on the manufacturing and construction precision of prefabricated concrete components, imposes high standards on construction lifting equipment and construction workers, increases the difficulty of construction organization and management, and increases the safety and quality risks of hoisting operations. As a result, the construction cost of prefabricated concrete components remains high, which has affected the promotion and application of new technologies for prefabricated concrete components.

[0003] The present invention combines traditional Chinese mortise and tenon construction measures and is designed to achieve rapid connection of beam-column nodes through prefabricated mortise and tenon structures. There is no need for on-site wet connection, which reduces construction accuracy requirements, simplifies the hoisting process, reduces safety risks, effectively reduces construction costs, and promotes the widespread application of concrete assembly technology. The mortise and tenon structure uses its unique bite principle to ensure a stable connection and improve seismic performance. Prefabricated components are precisely processed in the factory and only require simple splicing on site, which greatly shortens the construction period, reduces labor and equipment investment, realizes an efficient and economical construction model, and promotes technological innovation in the construction industry. The application of mortise and tenon structures not only inherits the wisdom of traditional craftsmanship, but also rejuvenates it in modern buildings. Through prefabricated mortise and tenon nodes, efficient splicing of concrete assembly prefabricated component modules is achieved. It improves construction efficiency, reduces on-site operation time, and reduces environmental pollution. This design combines traditional wisdom with modern technology, providing a more reliable and environmentally friendly solution for the construction industry and promoting the further development of prefabricated building technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical issues solved: To address the aforementioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a seismic-resistant design for mortise-and-tenon-type prefabricated concrete beam-column joints. Based on the material characteristics of concrete and the structural morphology of the mortise-and-tenon components, the present invention optimizes the dovetail joint structure to adapt to the concrete material, resulting in an innovative beam-column joint design for prefabricated concrete components. This design effectively addresses the technical regulations limiting wet-jointing of beam-column joints in existing prefabricated concrete components on-site, improving connection efficiency and seismic performance, reducing construction errors and safety risks, lowering costs, and promoting technological advancement in prefabricated construction. By optimizing the mortise-and-tenon structure to adapt it to the material properties of concrete, this design enables fast and efficient connection of prefabricated components. Testing has shown that projects employing this technology have achieved 10.5% water savings, 7.5% carbon reduction, and 17.7% reduction in waste emissions per square meter, significantly enhancing environmental benefits. The optimized mortise-and-tenon joints performed exceptionally well in earthquake simulations, increasing connection strength by 4% and reducing displacement by 3%. No complex equipment is required on-site, simplifying operations for workers, and increasing assembly speed by 24%, significantly shortening construction time. The use of environmentally friendly materials further reduces environmental impact, providing strong support for green building. The promotion of this technology will significantly improve the overall efficiency of the construction industry and contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. The optimized mortise and tenon joint design not only enhances structural stability but also reduces ongoing maintenance costs. Its modularity facilitates disassembly and reassembly, extending the lifespan of buildings. Standardized production ensures strict component quality control, ensuring the safety and durability of buildings. The widespread application of this technology will provide a new, efficient and environmentally friendly path for urban construction and urban renewal, helping the construction industry transition towards intelligent and green development.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint seismic resistant structural design, comprising: 1. Technical composition This seismic structural design is mainly composed of four core parts, which work together to achieve the seismic performance and assembly convenience of the node: Concrete prefabricated columns: As the "mortise" of the node, they bear the node foundation bearing and connection functions.

[0006] Concrete prefabricated beams: Serving as the "tenon end" of the node, they form a mortise and tenon fit with the prefabricated columns to transfer structural loads.

[0007] Wedge-shaped rubber shock-absorbing pads: core shock-absorbing components, embedded in the gap between mortise and tenon joints to form an energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing layer.

[0008] Wedge nail kit: key firmware for node connection, ensuring precise positioning and firm connection between precast columns and precast beams.

[0009] 2. Design details of each component (1) Concrete prefabricated columns (mortise ends) Structural reinforcement: For the weakened protrusions at the nodes caused by the mortise and tenon joints, reinforced steel bars are arranged to improve the local bearing capacity and avoid structural damage caused by stress concentration.

[0010] Connection reservation: holes for wedge nails to be embedded are reserved at the beam-column joints. The dimensions of the holes at both ends must meet the anchoring requirements of the anchor heads at the ends of the wedge nails to ensure that the wedge nails are under stable force.

[0011] Stress dispersion: Anchor steel plates are embedded on both sides of the vertical surface of the reserved holes. The stress transmitted by the wedge nails is evenly dispersed to the precast column concrete components through the steel plates, optimizing the stress state of the node.

[0012] (2) Concrete prefabricated beams (tenon ends) Structural reinforcement: Corresponding to the prefabricated columns, the weakened protruding parts of the tenons at the beam ends are also equipped with reinforcing steel bars to balance the forces at the nodes and enhance the shear and bending resistance of the tenon ends.

[0013] Connection adaptation: Wedge nails matching the holes in the prefabricated columns are reserved at the beam-column joints to ensure precise docking with the wedge nail kit.

[0014] (3) Wedge-shaped rubber shock-absorbing pads Embedded design: The contact surface of the mortise and tenon joints between precast columns and precast beams is indented in accordance with the “slope linear ratio” to provide a stable embedding space for the pads and ensure that the pads fit tightly against the contact surface.

[0015] Materials and Functions: Made of highly elastic rubber, it provides both seismic isolation and cushioning. During an earthquake, the elastic deformation of the rubber absorbs seismic energy, reducing the vibration load on the structure and improving the joint's seismic resistance.

[0016] (4) Wedge nail kit Connection function: Precise positioning of prefabricated columns and prefabricated beams is achieved through pre-buried holes to ensure the accuracy of node assembly. At the same time, the beams and columns are firmly connected as a whole through the anchoring effect of wedge nails.

[0017] Materials and durability: Made of high-strength steel to meet the node bearing strength requirements; the surface is galvanized to effectively resist rust and ensure structural stability during long-term use.

[0018] 3. Node durability and sealing guarantee The contact surfaces of the mortise and tenon joints and the holes of the wedge nail kit are filled with materials that meet the structural force transmission requirements, such as epoxy resin or silicone structural adhesive.

[0019] Purpose of filling: Enhance the overall sealing of the node, prevent the intrusion of moisture and corrosive media that may cause rusting of steel bars or wedge nails, and improve the durability of the node.

[0020] Material characteristics: The filling material must have both high bonding strength and a certain degree of elasticity to adapt to slight deformation of the node under earthquakes or temperature changes, ensuring stable node performance during long-term use.

[0021] 4. Design Advantages Optimized seismic performance: Through the mechanical rationality of the mortise and tenon structure, the energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing effect of the rubber pads, and the firm connection of the wedge nails, the shear, bending and seismic deformation resistance of the node are comprehensively improved.

[0022] Convenient and efficient construction: Prefabricated components are produced in factories and quickly assembled on site through mortise and tenon joints and wedge nail kits, which simplifies the construction process, significantly shortens the construction period, and reduces labor costs.

[0023] Durability and environmental friendliness: Galvanized anti-rust treatment and sealed filling design ensure long-term stability of the nodes; prefabricated assembly process reduces on-site wet work, in line with the low-carbon and environmentally friendly concept of green buildings.

[0024] Synergy of mechanics and materials: Combining the principles of structural mechanics (stress dispersion, force balance) with material properties (high-elasticity rubber, high-strength steel, high-performance structural adhesive) to achieve a balance between function and performance.

[0025] This design combines innovative mortise and tenon connections with seismic isolation technology to ensure building safety and durability while taking into account construction efficiency and environmental protection needs, providing an efficient solution for the seismic design of concrete prefabricated structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some basic structures of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the technical solution of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the plane, front elevation and side elevation of the concrete prefabricated column according to the technical solution of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagrams of the plane, front elevation and side elevation of the concrete prefabricated beam according to the technical solution of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of the plane, front elevation and side elevation of the wedge-shaped rubber vibration isolation pad and the front elevation and side elevation of the wedge nail kit according to the technical solution of the present invention; The numbers in the figure represent: 1. Concrete prefabricated columns; 2. Concrete prefabricated beams; 3. Wedge-shaped rubber isolation pads; 31. Wedge nail kit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] 1. Construction preparation stage (1) Technical preparation Organize construction technicians to conduct drawing review, focusing on checking key information such as the dimensional parameters of precast columns (mortises) and precast beams (tenons) (such as the slope of the mortise and tenon contact surface, the amount of indentation), the location and size of reserved holes, the configuration of reinforcing steel bars, and the location of embedded anchor steel plates to ensure that the construction drawings are consistent with the design specifications. Prepare special construction technical briefing documents to clarify the key processes of node assembly, quality control points (such as wedge installation accuracy and spacer fit), safety precautions and acceptance standards, conduct technical briefings for all construction teams and keep records. Develop a measurement and layout plan, determine the installation control lines of prefabricated columns and prefabricated beams based on the design axis and elevation, and clarify the allowable range of three-dimensional coordinate deviation of the node position (axis deviation ≤ 5mm, elevation deviation ≤ 3mm). (2) Preparation of materials and equipment Prefabricated component arrival inspection Prefabricated columns: Check the configuration of the reinforcing steel bars (quantity, spacing, and protective layer thickness) of the weakened raised part of the mortise end, the position deviation (≤3mm) and hole size (allowable deviation +2mm / -1mm) of the reserved wedge holes, the embedded position of the anchor steel plates on both sides of the vertical surface (plane deviation ≤5mm) and the anchoring strength, and the appearance of the cracks (width >0.2mm is unqualified), honeycombed surface and other defects. Precast beams: Check the configuration of the reinforcement bars at the tenon ends, the matching degree between the reserved holes and the precast column holes (the hole diameter deviation is consistent), and the tenon size deviation (the length and width deviation is ≤5mm). Wedge-shaped rubber vibration isolation pads: check the dimensions (matching the indentation of the mortise and tenon gap, with a deviation of ≤2mm), elastic properties (compressive elastic modulus meets design requirements), and the appearance of no damage or bubbles, and provide a factory certificate of conformity and test report. Wedge nail kit: Check the high-strength steel material certificate (tensile strength ≥345MPa), the surface galvanized layer thickness (≥85μm), the anchor head size matches the reserved hole size, and the wedge nail straightness deviation ≤1mm / m. Filling material: Epoxy resin or silicone structural adhesive must provide product certificate and bonding strength test report (tensile bonding strength ≥ 2.5MPa), and must be within the validity period. Equipment preparation Prepare lifting equipment (select a truck crane or tower crane of appropriate tonnage according to the weight of the component, and equip it with special lifting equipment), measuring instruments (total station, level, ruler, and qualified after calibration), temporary support (adjustable steel support, with a bearing capacity ≥ 1.5 times the component's own weight), filling tools (pressure grouting gun, scraper) and testing tools (vernier caliper, rebound hammer). (3) Site preparation Clean the construction site, level the site and build drainage facilities to ensure there are no obstacles in the lifting operation area and that the foundation bearing capacity meets the requirements of the lifting equipment (≥150kPa). Set up a temporary support system for precast columns. Install at least two horizontal supports based on column height, with support points no more than 1.5m from the joints. Demarcate component storage areas, and use wooden skids to stack precast columns and beams overhead (spacing ≤ 2m) to prevent component deformation. Rubber pads, wedge kits, and filling materials should be stored in a rain- and moisture-proof warehouse, with rubber pads protected from direct sunlight. 2. Main construction process (1) Measurement and layout and elevation control Use the total station to measure the installation axis of the prefabricated column according to the building axis control point, pop up the column center line and node position control line, and mark the elevation control point on the column foundation or lower structure. Measure the installation elevation of the precast beam, mark the beam top elevation control line on the precast column, calculate the installation height of the beam tenon end based on the node indentation, and ensure that it matches the slope of the contact surface with the column mortise end. (2) Installation and temporary fixation of prefabricated columns Use lifting equipment to slowly lift the prefabricated column to the installation position, align the center line of the column body with the layout axis, and use a level to adjust the elevation of the column top, with the deviation controlled within ±3mm. Fix the prefabricated columns through temporary supports, adjust the verticality (allowable deviation ≤1 / 1000 column height and ≤15mm), control the angle between the support and the ground at 60°-75°, and fix the bottom to the ground with expansion bolts. Review the positions of the reserved holes in the prefabricated columns to ensure they are consistent with the design drawings, and make timely adjustments if the deviation exceeds the limit (mechanical hole expansion can be used for minor deviations, and if the deviation is greater than 5mm, the design unit must be contacted for processing). (3) Prefabricated beam installation and mortise and tenon jointing Lift the precast beam to above the precast column mortise, slowly lower it so that the beam mortise is aligned with the column mortise, adjust the axis, elevation and levelness of the beam, and ensure that the contact surface between the beam mortise and the column mortise fits (gap ≤ 2mm). Check the alignment of the reserved holes in the beams and columns, and use the rod penetration method to verify the coaxiality of the holes. If the deviation is ≤3mm, it can be corrected by fine-tuning the beam position. If the deviation is too large, stop the installation and find out the cause. Temporarily fix the prefabricated beams, set up temporary supports at both ends of the beams, and use adjustable top supports on the top of the supports to adjust the beam elevation to ensure the stability of the node position. (4) Installation of wedge-shaped rubber shock-isolating pads Clean the dust, debris and slurry on the contact surface of the beam-column mortise and tenon joints, wipe it clean with a dry cloth, and ensure that the contact surface is dry (moisture content ≤ 8%). Insert the wedge-shaped rubber pad into the mortise and tenon gap according to the designed position, and tap the pad lightly with a rubber hammer to make it fit tightly against the contact surface. The length direction of the pad should be consistent with the direction of force to ensure that there is no hollowness (this can be determined by tapping and listening to the sound). Check the dimensional conformity of the gasket after installation to ensure that the indentation is consistent with the design. If the deviation is greater than 2mm, replace the gasket or adjust the flatness of the contact surface.

[0029] (5) Installation and fixing of the wedge nail kit Clean the reserved holes of prefabricated columns and beams, remove debris and burrs in the holes, and use a special hole drill to clear the holes if necessary. Insert the wedge nail from the hole on one side of the precast column and through the corresponding hole of the precast beam, ensuring that the wedge nail passes through the node and the anchor head fits against the anchor steel plate on the column side. Use a torque wrench to fix the wedge anchor head, apply pre-tightening force according to design requirements (usually 60%-70% of the bolt yield strength), check whether the anchor length of the anchor head meets the design (≥10d, d is the wedge diameter), and ensure that the connection is firm and not loose. After installation, use a vernier caliper to check the exposed length of the wedge nail to ensure that it meets the design requirements (deviation ±5mm). (6) Sealing, filling and maintenance Before filling, clean the node contact surface and the area around the hole again, blow away the dust with compressed air, and dry the wet base layer (a hot air gun can be used for drying). Use a pressure grouting gun to inject epoxy resin or silicone structural adhesive into the gaps between the mortise and tenon contact surfaces and the gaps between the holes and the wedge nails. The filling should be carried out continuously from bottom to top and from one side to the other to ensure that the filling is full. Use a scraper to smooth the surface and make it flush with the surface of the component. Before the filling material solidifies, avoid stress or water immersion in the joints. Carry out curing according to the requirements of the material instructions (epoxy resin is usually cured for 7 days, and silicone structural adhesive is cured for 21 days). During the curing period, set up warning signs to prohibit collision. 3. Quality acceptance standards (1) Process acceptance Installation of prefabricated components: verticality deviation of prefabricated columns ≤1 / 1000 column height and ≤15mm, elevation deviation of prefabricated beams ±5mm, axis deviation ≤5mm, contact surface gap of beam-column nodes ≤2mm. Pad installation: 100% fit, no hollows, dimensional deviation ≤ 2mm. Wedge connection: hole coaxiality deviation ≤3mm, anchor head firmly fixed, preload force meets the design, exposed length deviation ±5mm. Sealing and filling: The filling is full, the surface is smooth, there are no bubbles or cracks, and the bonding strength meets the design requirements after sampling testing. (2) Final acceptance Node appearance: The surface is neat, without exposed reinforcement, honeycombs, or holes; the filling material is tightly combined with the component without falling off. Performance testing: Sampling for node shear bearing capacity test (test value ≥ 1.1 times of design value) and water tightness test (no leakage for 24 hours).

[0030] Document acceptance: Construction records, material certificates, test reports, technical briefing records, acceptance records and other documents are complete and signed. IV. Safety and Environmental Protection Measures (1) Safety measures Before lifting operations, check the safety of lifting equipment and lifting tools, set up a warning area to prohibit non-construction personnel from entering, and have a dedicated person to direct the lifting operation with unified and clear signals. Workers working at heights should wear safety belts, set up an operating platform, and connect components after temporary supports are firmly installed to avoid falling from heights. Provide grounding and zero protection for electrical equipment, wear insulating gloves when using power tools, and stop outdoor electrical work on rainy days. (2) Environmental protection measures Prefabricated components are covered with dustproof cloth during transportation to avoid dust; construction waste classification boxes are set up at the construction site, and discarded pads, filling material containers, etc. are treated as hazardous waste. When using filling materials, keep the area ventilated to avoid direct contact by construction workers. The remaining materials should be sealed and stored, and must not be discarded at will. To reduce construction noise, avoid lifting operations during residents' rest periods and use low-noise equipment. V. Emergency Plan Excessive component installation deviation: If the deviation of the prefabricated column or beam hole is greater than 5mm, stop the installation immediately and contact the design unit to issue a treatment plan (such as adding a transition steel plate or rework). Forced installation is strictly prohibited. Poor curing of filling materials: Check the material ratio and curing conditions. If the bonding strength is insufficient, remove the unqualified filling materials, clean the base layer again, and refill according to the specifications. Failure of lifting equipment: Equipped with spare lifting equipment. If a failure occurs, start the spare equipment immediately. At the same time, set up temporary supports to fix the installed components to prevent tipping.

Claims

1. A mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure, characterized in that: It includes concrete prefabricated columns, concrete prefabricated beams, wedge-shaped rubber seismic isolation pads and wedge nail kits; wherein, the concrete prefabricated columns serve as the "mortise ends" of the nodes, and the concrete prefabricated beams serve as the "tenon ends" of the nodes. The tenon ends of the concrete prefabricated beams and the mortise ends of the concrete prefabricated columns form a mortise and tenon fit to transfer structural loads; the wedge-shaped rubber seismic isolation pads are embedded in the mortise and tenon gaps between the concrete prefabricated columns and the concrete prefabricated beams to form an energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing layer; matching holes are reserved at the beam-column node positions of the concrete prefabricated columns and the concrete prefabricated beams, and the wedge nail kit passes through the holes to penetrate the concrete prefabricated columns and the concrete prefabricated beams to achieve precise positioning and firm connection between the two; the contact surface of the mortise and tenon node and the gap between the wedge nail kit and the hole are filled with sealing material.

2. The mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The weakened raised portion of the mortise end of the concrete prefabricated column is provided with reinforcing steel bars; the sizes of the two ends of the holes reserved at the beam-column node position of the concrete prefabricated column are adapted to the anchoring requirements of the end anchoring head of the wedge nail kit; anchoring steel plates are embedded on both sides of the vertical surface of the hole, and the anchoring steel plates are used to evenly disperse the stress transmitted by the wedge nail kit to the concrete prefabricated column.

3. The mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The weakened raised portion of the tenon end of the concrete prefabricated beam is provided with reinforcing steel bars; the holes reserved at the beam-column node position of the concrete prefabricated beam match the holes reserved for the concrete prefabricated column to adapt to the docking of the wedge nail kit.

4. The mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surface of the mortise and tenon joint between the concrete prefabricated column and the concrete prefabricated beam is set with a size indentation according to the "slope linear proportion", and the wedge-shaped rubber shock-absorbing and isolating pad is embedded in the space formed by the indentation and fits tightly with the contact surface; the wedge-shaped rubber shock-absorbing and isolating pad is made of high-elastic rubber material.

5. The mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wedge nail kit is made of high-strength steel and its surface is galvanized; the anchor head of the wedge nail kit is fitted with the anchor steel plate of the concrete assembled prefabricated column.

6. The mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing material is epoxy resin or silicone structural adhesive; the tensile bonding strength of the sealing material meets the seismic requirements of the component and has elasticity to adapt to slight deformation of the node.

7. The mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The position deviation of the reserved holes of the concrete prefabricated columns is ≤3mm, and the allowable deviation of the hole size is +2mm / -1mm; the hole size deviation of the reserved holes of the concrete prefabricated beams is consistent with the hole size deviation of the reserved holes of the concrete prefabricated columns.

8. The mortise and tenon type concrete assembled beam-column joint earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anchoring length of the anchoring head of the wedge nail kit is ≥10d, where d is the diameter of the wedge nail kit; the straightness deviation of the wedge nail kit is ≤1mm / m.

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