Hydraulic system device capable of automatically controlling multiple cylinders to plug and unplug pin shafts and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multiple cylinders to plug and unplug pin shafts and a control method. The device comprises a power unit, an execution unit, a control unit and an auxiliary unit, the power unit comprises a motor and a hydraulic pump, and the motor provides power for the hydraulic pump to pressurize hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder; the execution unit comprises a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic cylinders control insertion and extraction of the pin shafts; the control unit comprises an electrical control system and a hydraulic control system. An instruction is input into the controller through the control terminal, and parameters such as the sequence, the speed and the position of pin shaft insertion and extraction are set. Various control valves in the hydraulic system are accurately controlled, when the state of the balance arm is detected, the position sensor transmits a signal to the controller, the controller immediately controls the inserting and pulling pin to drive the hydraulic cylinder to act, and automatic inserting and pulling of the pin shaft are achieved. The whole process does not need direct manual intervention, and the automation degree and safety of operation are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of large-scale mechanical equipment, and in particular relates to a hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder plugging and pulling pin shafts. Background Art

[0002] In the installation and disassembly of various large-scale mechanical equipment and engineering structures, pins are key connecting components, and the efficiency and safety of their plugging and unplugging operations directly affect the progress and quality of the entire project. For example, in the construction and maintenance of offshore oil platforms, the pile legs and the platform body rely on a large number of pins to connect to achieve stable operation of the platform; in tower cranes used in construction, the connection between standard sections is also inseparable from pins, and the installation and disassembly of these pins were mostly done manually in the past. Traditional manual plugging and unplugging of pins, such as when installing and disassembling tower cranes, requires workers to climb up and use hammers or hanging hammers to plug and pull pins. Not only is the labor intensity extremely high, there are also many safety risks such as falling from heights and being hit by objects, and the operation efficiency is low, which seriously restricts the progress of the project. With the continuous improvement of industrial level, the demand for efficient and safe plugging and unplugging of pins has become more urgent. Later, hydraulic system devices for plugging and unplugging pins appeared, which are mainly divided into two types. One is a hydraulic system device in which one pump controls one cylinder (see the principle). Figure 2 ), a hydraulic system device for inserting and removing pins when the tower crane is raised or lowered, but this device is limited by the limited space of the tower crane platform. The pin removal power unit needs to be placed on the platform and connected to the pin removal hydraulic cylinder through a hose. When the section pin needs to be inserted or removed, the pin removal hydraulic cylinder and the pin removal power unit are manually transported. The adding and lowering of tower cranes is subject to the time required for manual transportation of the pin removal device. The pin removal device and the hydraulic cylinder are often heavy, and the transportation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, this device is manually operated, and the operator needs to stand next to the pin removal power unit, which makes the operator vulnerable to danger. The other is a hydraulic system device in which one pump controls two cylinders (see the principle). Figure 3 ), when the tower crane is raised or lowered, the pin connecting the lower support to the standard section and the climbing frame must be pulled out, and a hydraulic system device for plugging and pulling out the pin is installed at this position to avoid the time of manual handling of the pin pulling hydraulic cylinder and the pin pulling power unit. However, this device has two problems: first, this device is manually operated, and the operator needs to stand next to the pin pulling power unit, which makes the operator vulnerable to danger; second, this device can only control one hydraulic cylinder at a time to plug and pull out the pin.

[0003] A hydraulic system for inserting and removing pins, controlled by a single pump and operated by a single cylinder, is used on large-tonnage self-elevating tower cranes. Each time a standard section is lifted, the pins are removed and inserted. Multiple pins are assigned to a single hydraulic cylinder during this operation, impacting lifting efficiency. Furthermore, the pin removal device must be moved back and forth between different sections of the tower crane, impacting both efficiency and safety. Furthermore, this system is manually operated, requiring the operator to stand next to the pin removal power unit, placing the operator at risk.

[0004] A hydraulic system for pin insertion and removal, where a single pump controls two cylinders, is installed on the lower support platform and standard section of large-tonnage tower cranes. This system controls multiple pin removal hydraulic cylinders. These cylinders are located on the standard section or lower support of the tower crane. While the pin removal system is operating, the pin removal power unit manually controls the pinning of each cylinder, reducing the need to carry the pin removal system back and forth and improving pin installation and removal efficiency.

[0005] Existing hydraulic systems for pin insertion and extraction have two problems: First, they are manually operated, requiring the operator to stand next to the pin extraction power unit, which can be dangerous. Second, they can only control one hydraulic cylinder at a time to insert or extract the pin. This consumes a lot of workers' energy and physical strength, is inefficient, and is a high-risk operation, seriously threatening workers' physical and mental health and work safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic system device and control method for automatically controlling the insertion and extraction of multi-cylinder pins. Instructions are input to the controller through the control terminal to set parameters such as the order, speed, and position of the pin insertion and extraction. Based on these instructions and the real-time information fed back by the sensor, the controller accurately controls various control valves in the hydraulic system. When the state of the balance arm is detected, the position sensor transmits a signal to the controller, and the controller immediately controls the insertion and extraction pin to drive the hydraulic cylinder to realize the automatic insertion and extraction of the pin. The entire process does not require direct human intervention, which greatly improves the degree of automation and safety of the operation.

[0007] Technical solution: The present invention provides a hydraulic system device for automatically controlling the insertion and extraction of multi-cylinder pin shafts, comprising a power unit, an execution unit, a control unit and an auxiliary unit; the power unit comprises a motor and a hydraulic pump, the motor provides power for the hydraulic pump to pressurize the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder; the execution unit comprises a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, which control the insertion and extraction of the pin shafts; the control unit comprises an electrical control system and a hydraulic control system; the electrical control system is an electrical control cabinet, which is respectively connected to the power unit, the execution unit and the hydraulic control system.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydraulic control system includes an oil suction filter, an oil return filter, an air filter and a liquid level and temperature gauge; the oil suction filter is connected to the oil suction port of the hydraulic pump; the oil suction filter is connected to the oil suction port of the hydraulic pump; the oil return filter, air filter and liquid level and temperature gauge are installed in the hydraulic pump station.

[0009] Furthermore, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to a high-pressure hose.

[0010] Furthermore, the auxiliary unit includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a load-sensing valve and a one-way valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the displacement sensor is installed on the hydraulic cylinder, and the one-way valve is installed on the high-pressure hose.

[0012] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is installed on a load-sensing valve and an oil cylinder, and the load-sensing valve is installed in a pump station.

[0013] Furthermore, the electrical control cabinet adopts a programmable controller.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a control method for a hydraulic system device, when it is judged that the balancing arm is tilted to a certain angle, the balancing arm arm root hinge pin is required to be pulled out, at this time the hydraulic cylinder is in a retracted cylinder state, the electrical control cabinet sends a signal to start the motor; oil inlet circuit: the hydraulic pump sucks oil from the oil tank through the oil suction filter, and the oil passes through the one-way valve and the load-sensitive valve to the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder of the actuator; oil return circuit: the oil returns to the oil tank from the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the load-sensitive valve; when it is judged that the balancing arm is tilted to another angle, the balancing arm arm root hinge pin is required to be inserted, at this time the hydraulic cylinder is in an extended cylinder state, the electrical control cabinet sends a signal to start the motor, oil inlet circuit: the hydraulic pump sucks oil from the oil tank through the oil suction filter, and the oil passes through the one-way valve and the load-sensitive valve to the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder of the actuator; oil return circuit: the oil returns to the oil tank from the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the load-sensitive valve.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0016] The present invention proposes a hydraulic system device for automatically controlling the insertion and extraction of multi-cylinder pins. This device utilizes a programmable controller to precisely control the start, stop, forward, and reverse movements of each hydraulic cylinder. Simultaneously, sensors monitor the position and operating status of the hydraulic cylinders in real time and feed the signals back to the controller, implementing closed-loop control to ensure the accuracy and synchronization of each pin insertion and extraction. In the hydraulic control system, electromagnetic reversing valves change the flow direction of hydraulic oil based on commands from the controller, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder piston rods and enabling the insertion and extraction of pins. Operators input commands to the controller through a control terminal to set parameters such as the sequence, speed, and position of pin insertion and extraction. Based on these commands and real-time information fed back by the sensors, the controller precisely controls the various control valves in the hydraulic system. Upon detecting the state of the balance arm, the position sensor transmits a signal to the controller, which then controls the movement of the hydraulic cylinders to automatically insert and extract the pins. The entire process requires no direct human intervention, greatly improving the automation and safety of the operation.

[0017] Efficiency: Traditional manual pin insertion and extraction is extremely inefficient due to limitations in manpower and operation methods. For example, during the raising and lowering of a tower crane, manual handling of the pin removal device and insertion and extraction of the pins is time-consuming. However, a hydraulic system that automatically controls multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction significantly reduces pin insertion and extraction time by utilizing multiple cylinders operating simultaneously and through automated control, effectively shortening the project cycle.

[0018] Safety: Manual pin insertion and extraction is a high-risk operation, and workers face numerous safety risks working at height and in harsh environments. The automated hydraulic system isolates operators from the hazardous working environment, executing pin insertion and extraction tasks through remote control or automated programs. During crane jacking operations, the automated pin insertion and extraction hydraulic control system eliminates the dangerous task of workers manually pulling the pin insertion and extraction tubing and repeatedly climbing up and down the boom, reducing the incidence of safety accidents and ensuring worker safety.

[0019] Precision: The use of electrical control systems and sensors enables the device to precisely control the insertion and removal position and force of the pin. In equipment requiring extremely high installation precision, such as the insertion and removal of the pin connecting the arm hinge of a large tower balancing arm, this device ensures the pin is accurately inserted or removed at the predetermined position, with minimal error. This ensures installation quality and stability, and reduces equipment failures and safety hazards caused by installation errors.

[0020] Adaptability: The device allows for flexible adjustment of system parameters and configurations based on varying operational requirements and equipment configurations. Whether in large-scale mining equipment, marine engineering equipment, aerospace, or construction machinery, simply modifying certain aspects of the device's structure and control program can adapt to varying pin sizes and operating environments, offering broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the new plug-in pin shaft of the present invention; wherein, 1- oil suction filter; 2- motor; 3- hydraulic pump; 4- oil return filter; 5- air filter; 6- liquid level and temperature gauge; 7- high-pressure hose; 8- one-way valve; 9- load sensing valve; 10- pressure sensor; 11- displacement sensor; 12- hydraulic cylinder; 13- electrical control cabinet;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a diagram of a hydraulic system with one pump controlling one cylinder; 101 is a hydraulic pump; 102 is a motor; 103 is a safety valve; 104 is a pressure regulating valve; 105 is a pressure gauge; 106 is a reversing valve; and 107 is a hydraulic cylinder with a pin.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a diagram of a hydraulic system in which one pump controls two cylinders; among them, 301-hydraulic pump; 302-motor; 303-safety valve; 304-pressure regulating valve; 305-pressure gauge; 306-reversing valve; 307-hydraulic cylinder operating valve 2; 308-pull-out hydraulic cylinder; 309-hydraulic cylinder operating valve; 310-pull-out hydraulic cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] This invention proposes a novel hydraulic system for automatically controlling the insertion and extraction of multi-cylinder pins. This system operates based on the fundamental principles of hydraulic transmission. A hydraulic pump serves as the power source, converting mechanical energy into the pressure energy of hydraulic oil. A motor drives the hydraulic pump, generating a certain pressure for the hydraulic oil, which then flows through a closed piping system. This pressure energy is transmitted throughout the system, providing power support for subsequent actuators.

[0026] Synchronous principle: Adopting the principle of feedback and closed-loop control, the status of each actuator is monitored in real time through sensors, and the data is fed back to the control system to form a closed-loop regulation.

[0027] Displacement / Velocity Feedback: Displacement or velocity sensors are installed on each actuator to collect motion parameters in real time and compare them with set values. If deviations occur, the controller adjusts the hydraulic valve opening or pump output flow, thereby adjusting the flow to each actuator and achieving dynamic synchronization.

[0028] Electro-hydraulic proportional control logic: The valve core opening is adjusted by the input electrical signal to control flow. Based on sensor feedback deviations, the controller outputs corresponding electrical signals to dynamically adjust the flow of each valve to compensate for factors such as leakage and load.

[0029] Power unit: mainly includes the motor and hydraulic pump. The motor provides power to the hydraulic pump, enabling it to draw hydraulic oil from the tank and pressurize it.

[0030] Actuator: It is composed of multiple hydraulic cylinders and is the direct actuator for inserting and removing the pin.

[0031] Control elements: These include the electrical control system and the hydraulic control system. The electrical control system, centered around a programmable logic controller (PLC), receives operator commands, processes sensor feedback, and sends control signals to the hydraulic control system. The hydraulic control system, on the other hand, consists of various control valves, piping, and a fuel tank.

[0032] Auxiliary components: sensors, oil pipes, connectors and other auxiliary parts.

[0033] The present invention proposes a hydraulic system device for automatically controlling the insertion and extraction of a multi-cylinder pin shaft. Taking the hydraulic system device for the multi-cylinder insertion and extraction of a pin shaft at the root hinge point of the balance arm of a super-large tower crane as an example, the principle diagram of the hydraulic device is shown in FIG. Figure 1 The structure includes 1-suction filter; 2-motor; 3-hydraulic pump; 4-return filter; 5-air filter; 6-liquid level and temperature gauge; 7-high-pressure hose; 8-check valve; 9-load-sensing valve; 10-pressure sensor; 11-displacement sensor; 12-hydraulic cylinder; 13-electrical control cabinet. The principle of a new type of hydraulic system for automatically controlling the insertion and extraction of multi-cylinder pins is as follows:

[0034] First, the balance arm's current state is determined. When the balance arm is tilted to a certain angle, the hinge pin at the base of the balance arm must be withdrawn. At this point, the hydraulic cylinder is in the retracted state. The controller 13 sends a signal to start the motor 2. The hydraulic pump 3 draws oil from the tank through the suction filter 1. The oil flows through the check valve 8 and the load-sensing valve 9 to the rod chamber of the actuator hydraulic cylinder 12. The oil return line returns the oil from the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 12 to the tank through the load-sensing valve 9. When the balance arm is tilted to another angle, the hinge pin at the base of the balance arm must be inserted. At this point, the hydraulic cylinder is in the extended state. The controller 13 sends a signal to start the motor 2. The hydraulic pump 3 draws oil from the tank through the suction filter 1. The oil flows through the check valve 8 and the load-sensing valve 9 to the rodless chamber of the actuator hydraulic cylinder 12. The oil return line returns the oil from the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 12 to the tank through the load-sensing valve 9.

[0035] Multi-cylinder collaborative working mechanism: This device can be equipped with multiple hydraulic cylinders, each of which is responsible for the insertion and extraction of the corresponding pin shaft. Taking the pin insertion and extraction system of the arm root hinge point of the balance arm of an ultra-large tower crane as an example, it has 16 pin insertion and extraction hydraulic cylinders, corresponding to the four pin holes at each hinge point. The working status of each hydraulic cylinder is coordinated and controlled by the electrical control system and the hydraulic control system. The electrical control system adopts a programmable logic controller, which can accurately control the start, stop, forward and reverse movements of each hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the position and operating status of the hydraulic cylinder are monitored in real time through sensors, and the signal is fed back to the controller to realize closed-loop control and ensure the accuracy and synchronization of the insertion and extraction of each pin shaft. In the hydraulic control system, the electromagnetic reversing valve changes the flow direction of the hydraulic oil according to the instructions issued by the controller, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod to realize the insertion and extraction of the pin shaft.

[0036] Automatic control principle: The operator inputs instructions into the controller through a control terminal, setting parameters such as the order, speed, and position of the pin insertion and extraction. Based on these instructions, combined with real-time sensor feedback, the controller precisely controls the various control valves in the hydraulic system. For example, during a crane jacking operation, when the jacking frame moves into position, the position sensor transmits a signal to the controller, which then activates the hydraulic cylinder to automatically insert and extract the pin. This entire process requires no direct human intervention, greatly improving the automation and safety of the operation.

Claims

1. A hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction, characterized in that: The invention comprises a power unit, an execution unit, a control unit and an auxiliary unit; the power unit comprises a motor (2) and a hydraulic pump (3); the motor (2) provides power for the hydraulic pump (3) to pressurize the hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cylinder (12); the execution unit comprises a plurality of hydraulic cylinders (12); the hydraulic cylinders (12) control the insertion and extraction of the pin shaft; the control unit comprises an electrical control system and a hydraulic control system; the electrical control system is an electrical control cabinet (13); the electrical control cabinet (13) is respectively connected to the power unit, the execution unit and the hydraulic control system.

2. A hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic control system comprises an oil suction filter (1), an oil return filter (2), an air filter (5) and a liquid level and temperature gauge (6); the oil suction filter (1) is connected to the oil suction port of a hydraulic pump (3); the oil return filter (2), the air filter (5) and the liquid level and temperature gauge (6) are installed in a hydraulic pump station.

3. The hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (3) is connected to a high-pressure hose (7).

4. The hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary unit includes a displacement sensor (11), a pressure sensor (10), a load-sensing valve (9) and a one-way valve (8).

5. The hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (11) is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder (12), and the one-way valve (8) is mounted on the high-pressure hose (7).

6. The hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure sensor (10) is installed on the load sensing valve and the oil cylinder, and the load sensing valve (9) is installed in the pump station.

7. The hydraulic system device for automatically controlling multi-cylinder pin insertion and extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical control cabinet (13) adopts a programmable controller.

8. A control method based on the hydraulic system device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When it is judged that the balancing arm is tilted to a certain angle, the balancing arm arm root hinge pin is required to be pulled out. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder is in the retracted cylinder state, and the electrical control cabinet sends a signal to start the motor; oil inlet circuit: the hydraulic pump draws oil from the oil tank through the oil suction filter, and the oil passes through the one-way valve and the load-sensing valve to the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder of the actuator; oil return circuit: the oil returns to the oil tank from the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the load-sensing valve; when it is judged that the balancing arm is tilted to another angle, the balancing arm arm root hinge pin is required to be inserted. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder is in the extended cylinder state, and the electrical control cabinet sends a signal to start the motor, oil inlet circuit: the hydraulic pump draws oil from the oil tank through the oil suction filter, and the oil passes through the one-way valve and the load-sensing valve to the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder of the actuator; oil return circuit: the oil returns to the oil tank from the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder through the load-sensing valve.

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