Soil compaction degree non-contact detection method based on electromagnetic wave reflection principle

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil compaction degree non-contact detection method based on an electromagnetic wave reflection principle. The method comprises the following steps: S1, transmitting an electromagnetic wave signal to the surface of to-be-detected soil by adopting a multi-band electromagnetic wave source; s2, receiving the reflected electromagnetic wave signals through a plurality of receiving sensors, and obtaining multi-path reflection data; s3, based on the intensity, propagation time and frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave reflection signal, establishing a soil model, and considering the influence of soil humidity, temperature and type on the signal; and S4, analyzing the compaction degree through a machine learning algorithm or a signal processing algorithm in combination with the soil model to obtain a quantitative value of the soil compaction degree. By adopting multi-band electromagnetic waves and multi-path reflection data analysis, the influence of soil types and environmental factors (such as humidity, temperature, weeds and the like) on a detection result is reduced, the measurement precision is improved, and an improved signal processing technology and a soil model can adapt to different types of soil from sandy soil to clay and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil engineering technology, and in particular to a non-contact detection method for soil compaction based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection. Background Art

[0002] The non-contact soil compaction detection method, based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection, assesses soil compaction by emitting electromagnetic waves onto the soil surface and analyzing their reflection characteristics in the soil. When the electromagnetic waves encounter the soil, they reflect to varying degrees depending on the soil's density, moisture, and other physical properties. Highly compacted soil typically exhibits a stronger reflection signal, while looser soil reflects less. By measuring the intensity and propagation time of these reflected signals, soil compaction can be inferred contactlessly. This method is fast, accurate, and requires no soil structure damage, making it widely used for soil quality testing in agriculture, engineering construction, and other fields.

[0003] The non-contact detection method of soil compaction based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection has some shortcomings in the existing technology: Soil type has a great influence: Different types of soil (such as sand, clay, etc.) have large differences in the reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves, which may cause the soil with the same compaction to have inconsistent reflection signals in different environments, thereby affecting the accuracy of detection. Humidity and temperature sensitivity: Changes in soil humidity and temperature will significantly affect the propagation and reflection of electromagnetic waves. Soil with high humidity may cause severe signal attenuation, leading to misjudgment of compaction. Depth limitation: The penetration depth of electromagnetic waves is limited. Especially for deeper soils, accurate reflection signals may not be obtained, making it impossible to fully evaluate the compaction of the soil. Signal interference problem: In actual applications, electromagnetic interference in the surrounding environment (such as buildings, mechanical equipment, etc.) may affect the accurate reception of signals, thereby affecting the reliability of the measurement results. Equipment complexity and cost: Although this method avoids the destructiveness of contact measurement, the required electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving equipment is relatively complex and costly, especially when applied on a large scale, it may require a lot of equipment investment and maintenance. Surface condition influence: The morphology, particle structure and surface cover of the soil surface (such as weeds, gravel, etc.) will also affect the reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves, thereby increasing data variability and detection errors.

[0004] To this end, we propose a non-contact detection method for soil compaction based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Use a multi-band electromagnetic wave source to transmit electromagnetic wave signals to the soil surface to be tested;

[0007] S2. Receive the reflected electromagnetic wave signal through multiple receiving sensors to obtain multipath reflection data;

[0008] S3. Build a soil model based on the intensity, propagation time, and frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave reflection signal, taking into account the effects of soil moisture, temperature, and type on the signal;

[0009] S4. Analyze the compaction degree using a machine learning algorithm or a signal processing algorithm in combination with a soil model to obtain a quantitative value of the soil compaction degree;

[0010] S5. Adjust the emission frequency or angle of the electromagnetic wave source according to the quantitative value to improve the measurement accuracy under different soil conditions.

[0011] Preferably, the multiple receiving sensors include receiving modules in vertical and horizontal directions to obtain multi-dimensional reflection data and reduce the impact of environmental interference on measurement results.

[0012] Preferably, the machine learning algorithm adopts a convolutional neural network (CNN) or a support vector machine (SVM) model, and is trained using the characteristics of the reflection signal and known soil compaction data to improve the accuracy of compaction detection.

[0013] Preferably, the signal processing algorithm includes a filtering technique based on frequency domain analysis to remove signal noise caused by changes in soil moisture and temperature.

[0014] Preferably, the electromagnetic wave source is a microwave frequency band or a high-frequency millimeter wave, and the frequency range is between 1 GHz and 100 GHz.

[0015] Preferably, the soil model includes a hierarchical description of soil layers, taking into account factors such as soil density, particle distribution, moisture content and degree of compaction.

[0016] Preferably, the non-contact detection method is applicable to fields such as agriculture, construction engineering and environmental monitoring.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention provides a non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. This non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection uses multi-band electromagnetic waves and multi-path reflection data analysis to reduce the impact of soil type and environmental factors (such as humidity, temperature, weeds, etc.) on the detection results and improve measurement accuracy.

[0019] 2. This non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection uses improved signal processing technology and soil models to adapt to different types of soil, from sand to clay, solving the problem of different reflected signals from different soil types in the existing technology. The reflected signals are received by multi-dimensional sensors in vertical and horizontal directions, reducing the impact of the surrounding environment (such as buildings, electromagnetic interference, etc.) on the measurement signal.

[0020] 3. This non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection uses machine learning algorithms (such as CNN or SVM) to perform intelligent analysis of soil compaction, which can effectively improve the accuracy of compaction detection under complex soil conditions. Non-contact detection avoids damage to the soil and can perform soil compaction detection on a large scale, quickly and non-destructively. It is suitable for quality monitoring in agriculture and engineering projects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example

[0023] An embodiment of a non-contact detection method for soil compaction based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection

[0024] A non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection includes the following steps:

[0025] S1. Use a multi-band electromagnetic wave source to transmit electromagnetic wave signals to the soil surface to be tested;

[0026] S2. Receive the reflected electromagnetic wave signal through multiple receiving sensors to obtain multipath reflection data;

[0027] S3. Build a soil model based on the intensity, propagation time, and frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave reflection signal, taking into account the effects of soil moisture, temperature, and type on the signal;

[0028] S4. Analyze the compaction degree using a machine learning algorithm or a signal processing algorithm in combination with a soil model to obtain a quantitative value of the soil compaction degree;

[0029] S5. Adjust the emission frequency or angle of the electromagnetic wave source according to the quantitative value to improve the measurement accuracy under different soil conditions.

[0030] Specifically, the multiple receiving sensors include receiving modules in vertical and horizontal directions to obtain multi-dimensional reflection data and reduce the impact of environmental interference on measurement results.

[0031] Specifically, the machine learning algorithm adopts a convolutional neural network (CNN) or support vector machine (SVM) model, which uses the characteristics of the reflection signal and known soil compaction data for training to improve the accuracy of compaction detection.

[0032] Specifically, the signal processing algorithm includes a filtering technique based on frequency domain analysis to remove signal noise caused by changes in soil moisture and temperature.

[0033] Specifically, the electromagnetic wave source is a microwave frequency band or a high-frequency millimeter wave, and the frequency range is between 1 GHz and 100 GHz.

[0034] Specifically, the soil model includes a hierarchical description of the soil layers, taking into account factors such as soil density, particle distribution, moisture content, and degree of compaction.

[0035] Specifically, non-contact detection methods are applicable to fields such as agriculture, construction engineering and environmental monitoring.

[0036] Through the above technical solution, in the present invention, by adopting multi-band electromagnetic waves and multi-path reflection data analysis, the influence of soil type and environmental factors (such as humidity, temperature, weeds, etc.) on the detection results is reduced, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The improved signal processing technology and soil model can adapt to different types of soil, from sand to clay, etc., solving the problem of difference in reflection signals of different soil types in the prior art. The reflected signal is received by multi-dimensional sensors in vertical and horizontal directions, reducing the influence of the surrounding environment (such as buildings, electromagnetic interference, etc.) on the measurement signal. By using machine learning algorithms (such as CNN or SVM) to perform intelligent analysis of soil compaction, the accuracy of compaction detection under complex soil conditions can be effectively improved. Non-contact detection avoids damage to the soil and can perform soil compaction detection on a large scale, quickly and non-destructively. It is suitable for quality monitoring in agriculture and engineering projects.

[0037] Equipment configuration: Using an electromagnetic wave source with multi-band transmission capabilities, with a frequency range of 1GHz to 100GHz. The device can transmit microwave or millimeter wave signals and collect reflected signals through multiple receiving sensors (including vertical and horizontal receiving modules).

[0038] Soil model establishment: Based on factors such as soil density, moisture, particle distribution, and combined with soil layer information, a reflection signal model that adapts to different soil conditions is established.

[0039] Signal Processing: Frequency domain analysis is performed on the received reflected signal to remove noise caused by humidity and temperature changes. A convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is used to train and analyze the reflected signal features to obtain a more accurate soil compaction value.

[0040] Data Analysis: Soil compaction is calculated using signal strength, propagation time, and frequency characteristics, combined with an established soil model. Real-time feedback is used to adjust measurement settings to ensure measurement accuracy across different soil types.

[0041] Application scenarios: This method can be widely used in agricultural soil quality monitoring, soil compaction detection in construction projects, and soil monitoring in the field of environmental protection. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Use a multi-band electromagnetic wave source to transmit electromagnetic wave signals to the soil surface to be tested; S2. Receive the reflected electromagnetic wave signal through multiple receiving sensors to obtain multipath reflection data; S3. Build a soil model based on the intensity, propagation time, and frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave reflection signal, taking into account the effects of soil moisture, temperature, and type on the signal; S4. Analyze the compaction degree using a machine learning algorithm or a signal processing algorithm in combination with a soil model to obtain a quantitative value of the soil compaction degree; S5. Adjust the emission frequency or angle of the electromagnetic wave source according to the quantitative value to improve the measurement accuracy under different soil conditions.

2. The non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the electromagnetic wave reflection principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multiple receiving sensors include receiving modules in vertical and horizontal directions to obtain multi-dimensional reflection data and reduce the impact of environmental interference on measurement results.

3. The non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the electromagnetic wave reflection principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The machine learning algorithm adopts a convolutional neural network (CNN) or support vector machine (SVM) model and uses the characteristics of the reflection signal and known soil compaction data for training to improve the accuracy of compaction detection.

4. The non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the electromagnetic wave reflection principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal processing algorithm includes a filtering technique based on frequency domain analysis to remove signal noise caused by soil moisture and temperature changes.

5. The non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the electromagnetic wave reflection principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electromagnetic wave source is a microwave frequency band or a high-frequency millimeter wave, and the frequency range is between 1 GHz and 100 GHz.

6. The non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the electromagnetic wave reflection principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil model includes a hierarchical description of soil layers, taking into account factors such as soil density, particle distribution, moisture content, and compaction level.

7. The non-contact soil compaction detection method based on the electromagnetic wave reflection principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-contact detection method is applicable to fields such as agriculture, construction engineering and environmental monitoring.