Design method and system for reducing carbon emission of building

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building carbon emission, and discloses a design method for reducing building carbon emission, which is characterized in that a built subway upper cover project is analyzed, the building carbon emission condition of the project is subjected to simulation accounting, and the project follows a green and energy-saving design concept at the beginning of the project design, so that the building carbon emission of the project is reduced. And the accounting result meets the requirements of the newly issued Standard for Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Utilization of Building. Meanwhile, a building carbon reduction strategy of the project is further discussed, four carbon reduction measures are provided and simulated measurement is carried out, and the effect of the four carbon reduction measures on reduction of building carbon emission is quantified. The carbon reduction measure discussion of the building can be used as a technical reference for carbon reduction measures of general building design projects in the future.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building carbon emissions, and in particular relates to a design method and system for reducing building carbon emissions. Background Art

[0002] Among existing building carbon emission control technologies, the Traditional Building Energy-Saving Design Standard (GB50189-2015) is a relatively common approach. This standard primarily aims to reduce building energy consumption by improving the performance of the building envelope and the energy efficiency of equipment. However, it lacks systematic requirements for carbon emission control throughout the entire construction process, particularly lacking clear regulations for carbon emissions from material production, construction, and demolition. Because it focuses solely on reducing operational energy consumption, the carbon emission reduction effect is relatively limited, making it difficult to fully meet building carbon emission control requirements.

[0003] Another common technique is the Green Building Evaluation Standard (GB / T50378-2019), which evaluates buildings' safety, durability, health, comfort, and convenience from the perspective of resource conservation and environmental protection. This standard lacks specific, systematic evaluation requirements for carbon emissions throughout a building's life cycle, particularly during the building materials production and construction phases. Furthermore, the carbon emission control indicators in the standard are vague, lacking specific alignment with carbon emission intensity standards and supporting quantitative indicators.

[0004] While these standards have achieved some success in controlling building energy consumption, their carbon reduction efforts are significantly insufficient due to their failure to systematically cover carbon emissions throughout a building's entire lifecycle. Current energy-saving designs focus primarily on the building's operational phase, lacking effective control measures for carbon emissions during material production, transportation, construction, and demolition. This limitation hinders the full realization of a building's overall carbon reduction potential.

[0005] Therefore, the problems and shortcomings of existing technologies primarily lie in the incompleteness and lack of systematicity in carbon emission control. Achieving the strategic goal of "dual carbon" requires not only energy-saving design during the building's operational phase but also consideration of carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle, including material production, construction, operation, and demolition. Only by comprehensively optimizing building carbon emission design can the goal of low-carbon buildings be truly achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a design method for reducing carbon emissions from buildings.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows: a design method for reducing building carbon emissions includes:

[0008] Step 1: Analyze a completed subway overpass project and simulate the project's building carbon emissions.

[0009] Step 2: Propose four carbon reduction measures for the project's building carbon reduction strategy and conduct simulation calculations to quantify the effects of the four carbon reduction measures on reducing building carbon emissions.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for reducing building carbon emissions is as follows:

[0011] 1) Reduce building carbon emissions by optimizing the energy-saving design of the building envelope;

[0012] 2) Reduce building carbon emissions by selecting green building materials;

[0013] 3) Reduce building carbon emissions by increasing rooftop greening;

[0014] 4) Reduce building carbon emissions by strengthening the use of renewable energy in buildings.

[0015] Furthermore, the carbon emissions of buildings are reduced by optimizing the energy-saving design of the building envelope:

[0016] First, the thickness of the building roof insulation material was changed. The original design of the roof insulation material was 80mm thick extruded polystyrene board, and the thickness was planned to be increased by 40mm. Then the exterior wall insulation was changed. The original design was 80mm rock wool board, and the thickness was planned to be increased by 20mm. Finally, the exterior doors and windows of the building were changed. The doors and windows used triple-glazed two-chamber insulating glass products, which increased the heat transfer coefficient of the building exterior windows from 2.1W / (m 2 K) is reduced to 1.5W / (m 2 K); calculate the carbon emission reduction effect of buildings through the optimization of the above building envelope energy-saving structural measures.

[0017] Furthermore, the carbon emissions of buildings can be reduced by selecting green building materials:

[0018] The project has a reinforced concrete frame structure, and the interior and exterior walls of the building are block walls. The architectural design can reduce the building's carbon emissions by selecting recyclable wall materials.

[0019] Furthermore, the carbon emissions of buildings can be reduced by increasing rooftop greening:

[0020] By optimizing the landscape of the building site, the green planting area is expanded and the volume of natural carbon sinks is increased to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions; roof space is used as a planting roof to increase the volume of green carbon sinks.

[0021] Furthermore, the carbon emissions of buildings can be reduced by strengthening the use of renewable energy in buildings:

[0022] 1) Layout of solar photovoltaic panels

[0023] According to statistics, the building currently has an effective roof area of ​​440m2 that can be used to install solar photovoltaic panels.2 , the basic conditions for the layout of rooftop solar photovoltaic panels are:

[0024] (1) Select a 450W monocrystalline silicon solar panel with a module size of 2108mm×1048mm=2.2m 2 ;

[0025] (2) The azimuth and inclination angles of the solar photovoltaic panels are laid according to the slope of the roof. The solar azimuth angles of the photovoltaic panels are 70°southwest and 53°southeast, and the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are both 300°.

[0026] 2) Calculation of photovoltaic system power generation Rooftop solar photovoltaic panel layout, 161 solar photovoltaic panels are arranged; according to the "Design Specifications for Photovoltaic Power Stations":

[0027] (GB50797-2012) The annual power generation of photovoltaic panels is calculated as follows:

[0028] E P =H A (P AZ / E s )K

[0029] Where: E P Annual on-grid power generation; H A Total horizontal solar radiation value: 1458.5kW·h / m 2 ; E, irradiance under standard conditions; P, component installation capacity, according to the photovoltaic panel layout plane Pz = 161 pieces × 450W = 72450W; K, comprehensive efficiency coefficient.

[0030] Another object of the present invention is to provide a design system for reducing carbon emissions of buildings, comprising:

[0031] The analysis module is used to analyze a completed subway superstructure project and simulate and calculate the project's building carbon emissions.

[0032] The carbon reduction module is used to propose four carbon reduction measures for the project's building carbon reduction strategy and conduct simulation calculations to quantify the effects of the four carbon reduction measures on reducing building carbon emissions.

[0033] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0034] The construction industry accounts for 50.6% of national carbon emissions. Through an analysis of a completed subway overpass project, a simulation was conducted to calculate the project's building carbon emissions. Because the project's initial design adhered to green and energy-saving principles, the calculation results comply with the requirements of the newly promulgated "Code for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings." Furthermore, the project's building carbon reduction strategies were further explored, with four carbon reduction measures proposed and simulated to quantify their effectiveness in reducing building carbon emissions. This discussion of building carbon reduction measures can serve as a technical reference for future carbon reduction measures in general architectural design projects.

[0035] While existing building designs comply with building energy-saving design standards and green building design standards, the overall carbon emissions of the building are not accounted for. The present invention establishes a building carbon emission accounting model by using PKPM-CES building carbon emission calculation and analysis software, summarizes the proportion of building carbon emissions at each stage during the entire life cycle of the building (see the carbon emission proportion chart for each stage of the building's entire life cycle for details), and further analyzes that the key factors affecting building carbon emissions are: 1) energy-saving design of the building's exterior envelope structure; 2) selection of building materials; 3) green area of ​​the building's outdoor site; 4) the degree of utilization of renewable energy in the building. By combining the above analysis, the present invention provides a set of systematic design methods for reducing building carbon emissions, including: 1) increasing the thickness of building roof insulation materials; 2) increasing the thickness of external insulation of the building's exterior walls; 3) reducing the heat transfer coefficient of building exterior windows; 4) selecting recyclable building materials; 5) increasing the outdoor green area of ​​the building; 6) strengthening the utilization of renewable energy in the building. By adopting the set of systematic design methods for reducing building carbon emissions of the present invention, simulation analysis is carried out in actual cases, and building carbon emissions are greatly reduced.

[0036] In summary, the present invention is beneficial to reducing building carbon emissions and has practical guiding significance for the design work on how to reduce building carbon emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a design method for reducing building carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a design system for reducing building carbon emissions, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a bird's-eye view of the project provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a model diagram for project carbon emission simulation analysis provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5This is a graph showing the proportion of carbon emissions at each stage of a building's entire life cycle, as provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6 It is a roof plan provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 1. It is a pie chart of carbon emission percentage provided by an embodiment of the present invention; (a) without adopting the optimization measures of the present invention, (b) after adopting the optimization measures of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, a design method for reducing building carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0046] S101, through the analysis of a completed subway over-cover project, simulated and calculated the project's own building carbon emissions;

[0047] S102, propose four carbon reduction measures for the project's building carbon reduction strategy and conduct simulation calculations to quantify the effects of the four carbon reduction measures on reducing building carbon emissions.

[0048] The method for reducing building carbon emissions provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0049] 1) Reduce building carbon emissions by optimizing the energy-saving design of the building envelope;

[0050] 2) Reduce building carbon emissions by selecting green building materials;

[0051] 3) Reduce building carbon emissions by increasing rooftop greening;

[0052] 4) Reduce building carbon emissions by strengthening the use of renewable energy in buildings.

[0053] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing building carbon emissions by optimizing the energy-saving design of the building envelope:

[0054] First, the thickness of the building roof insulation material was changed. The original design of the roof insulation material was 80mm thick extruded polystyrene board, and the thickness was planned to be increased by 40mm. Then the exterior wall insulation was changed. The original design was 80mm rock wool board, and the thickness was planned to be increased by 20mm. Finally, the exterior doors and windows of the building were changed. The doors and windows used triple-glazed two-chamber insulating glass products, which increased the heat transfer coefficient of the building exterior windows from 2.1W / (m 2 K) is reduced to 1.5W / (m 2K); calculate the carbon emission reduction effect of buildings through the optimization of the above building envelope energy-saving structural measures.

[0055] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing building carbon emissions by selecting green building materials:

[0056] The project has a reinforced concrete frame structure, and the interior and exterior walls of the building are block walls. The architectural design can reduce the building's carbon emissions by selecting recyclable wall materials.

[0057] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing building carbon emissions by increasing rooftop greening:

[0058] By optimizing the landscape of the building site, the green planting area is expanded and the volume of natural carbon sinks is increased to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions; roof space is used as a planting roof to increase the volume of green carbon sinks.

[0059] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method for reducing building carbon emissions by enhancing the utilization of renewable energy in buildings:

[0060] 1) Layout of solar photovoltaic panels

[0061] According to statistics, the building currently has an effective roof area of ​​440m2 that can be used to install solar photovoltaic panels. 2 , the basic conditions for the layout of rooftop solar photovoltaic panels are:

[0062] (1) Select a 450W monocrystalline silicon solar panel with a module size of 2108mm×1048mm=2.2m 2 ;

[0063] (2) The azimuth and inclination angles of the solar photovoltaic panels are laid according to the slope of the roof. The solar azimuth angles of the photovoltaic panels are 70°southwest and 53°southeast, and the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are both 300°.

[0064] 2) Calculation of photovoltaic system power generation Rooftop solar photovoltaic panel layout, 161 solar photovoltaic panels are arranged; according to the "Design Specifications for Photovoltaic Power Stations":

[0065] (GB50797-2012) The annual power generation of photovoltaic panels is calculated as follows:

[0066] E P =H A (P AZ / E s )K

[0067] Where: E P Annual on-grid power generation; H A Total horizontal solar radiation value: 1458.5kW·h / m 2; E, irradiance under standard conditions; P, component installation capacity, according to the photovoltaic panel layout plane Pz = 161 pieces × 450W = 72450W; K, comprehensive efficiency coefficient.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a design system for reducing building carbon emissions, including:

[0069] The analysis module is used to analyze a completed subway superstructure project and simulate and calculate the project's building carbon emissions.

[0070] The carbon reduction module is used to propose four carbon reduction measures for the project's building carbon reduction strategy and conduct simulation calculations to quantify the effects of the four carbon reduction measures on reducing building carbon emissions.

[0071] Example 1: System construction of analysis module and carbon emission accounting mechanism

[0072] The analysis module described in this invention combines static and dynamic modeling of the carbon emissions data for an existing subway overpass project over its entire lifecycle by constructing a multidimensional data model encompassing building materials, structural systems, construction techniques, and operation and maintenance plans. The system incorporates a database of building carbon emission factors and, through the integration of BIM parameterization technology and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methods, visualizes and quantifies the embodied carbon emissions in different building components and process flows. By combining measured project data backtracking with simulation calculations, the system accurately restores the carbon footprint of existing buildings, providing a foundational basis for determining carbon reduction optimization strategies.

[0073] Example 2: Construction of a carbon reduction strategy matrix and quantitative evaluation of four measures

[0074] Based on the aforementioned carbon emission model, the carbon reduction module constructs a carbon reduction strategy matrix covering the building design, material selection, construction, and operation and maintenance stages. It specifically proposes four carbon reduction measures: green envelope system optimization, low-carbon material substitution, modular construction technology application, and intelligent operation and maintenance control. Each measure is independently measured through input parameter sensitivity analysis and simulation methods, and a quantitative score is given based on the equivalent carbon emission reduction (tCO2e). Its synergistic carbon reduction potential is evaluated in a combined simulation. The module output includes the contribution value of each measure, the combined optimization path, and the ROI evaluation results, providing scientific support for design decisions.

[0075] Example 3: Software and hardware collaborative structure of integrated design system in computer equipment

[0076] This invention also proposes a computer device that implements the aforementioned design system. The device comprises a high-performance processor, an expandable storage unit, and an embedded simulation chip, equipped with dedicated building carbon emissions analysis and carbon reduction strategy software. This program module is embedded in layers, including a data preprocessing interface layer, a carbon emissions calculation engine layer, a simulation scheduling control layer, and a user visualization interaction layer. Each layer utilizes a multi-threaded mechanism to concurrently process building design data input, carbon emissions output, and dynamic feedback on carbon reduction recommendations, thereby meeting the requirements for rapid project iteration and real-time carbon assessment.

[0077] Example 4: Information data processing terminal form and application interface applicable to this system

[0078] The present invention further provides an information data processing terminal that supports the operation of this system. This terminal includes a graphics processing unit (GPU) with high-resolution building information modeling capabilities, a data parsing interface that supports the import of multi-format BIM models, and a dynamic comparison system connected to a green building standards library. The terminal includes built-in standardized data templates and building carbon emission inventory templates, allowing users to upload data with different project parameters for automatic comparison, carbon reduction path recommendations, and simulation output. This terminal can be applied in scenarios such as urban renewal and rail transit overpass development, significantly improving the efficiency of green building design and the accuracy of carbon emission control.

[0079] The present invention is specifically implemented:

[0080] The project's bird's-eye view is as follows Figure 3 shown

[0081] 1. Calculation and analysis of project building carbon emissions

[0082] 1.1 Building Energy-Saving Design and Green Building Design

[0083] The project complies with the energy-saving design standards for public buildings. The building faces 19 degrees west by south, with a building volume coefficient of 0.25. The building's exterior walls are insulated with 80mm thick rock wool boards, and the building's roof is insulated with 80mm thick extruded polystyrene boards. The exterior windows are 6 medium-transmittance Low-E+12 air+6 transparent thermal insulation aluminum alloy windows. The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior windows in all directions is 2.1W / (m 2 K).

[0084] 1.2 Project building carbon emission accounting Figure 4

[0085] This project's building carbon emissions accounting is based on the "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" (GBT51366-2019), covering the entire building lifecycle. This lifecycle carbon emissions include: building operation, construction, demolition, building material production, and transportation. PKPM-CES building carbon emissions analysis software was used for building carbon emissions analysis. The results of this analysis are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1 Carbon emission indicators for the entire life cycle of buildings

[0087]

[0088] 1.3 Summary of project building carbon emissions accounting Figure 5

[0089] Through the above building carbon emission accounting analysis, we can know that:

[0090] Throughout the building's lifecycle, the largest portion of carbon emissions occurred during the operation phase, accounting for 85.22%. Emissions during the building materials production phase were second, accounting for 11.23%. Emissions during the other phases of construction, materials transportation, and demolition were relatively small. The main carbon emissions from a building occur during the operation and materials production phases.

[0091] 2. Discussion on technical measures to reduce building carbon emissions in project design

[0092] Building carbon emissions refer to "the sum of greenhouse gas emissions generated by a building during the production and transportation of building materials, construction and demolition, and operation of the building." Therefore, reducing building carbon emissions requires considering the entire building lifecycle as a whole, and seeking strategies to reduce building carbon emissions at every stage of the building lifecycle.

[0093] Based on the above simulation and data analysis of building carbon emissions for this project, carbon emissions from the building operation phase and building materials production phase account for 96.45% of the building's total lifecycle carbon emissions. Therefore, reducing building carbon emissions should focus on the building operation phase and the selection of building materials. Consequently, reducing energy consumption during the building operation phase and selecting green, low-carbon building materials are effective paths to reducing building carbon emissions. To verify this conclusion, the following simulation analysis was conducted.

[0094] 2.1 Reduce building carbon emissions by optimizing the energy-saving design of building envelope structures

[0095] In order to reduce building energy consumption, the thickness of building exterior walls and roof insulation can be increased, and the heat transfer coefficient of exterior doors and windows can be improved to reduce the heat exchange between the interior of the building and the external environment, thereby reducing the building's heating energy consumption. First, the thickness of the building's roof insulation material. The original design of the roof insulation material was 80mm thick extruded polystyrene board, and the thickness is planned to be increased by 40mm; then the exterior wall insulation. The original design was 80mm rock wool board, and the thickness is planned to be increased by 20mm. This is mainly to consider the rationality of the exterior wall insulation structure. It cannot be too thick, otherwise it will be difficult to fix; finally, the building's exterior doors and windows (curtain walls). At present, doors and windows generally use three-glass two-cavity insulating glass door and window products, which makes the building's exterior window heat transfer coefficient from 2.1W / (m 2 K) is reduced to 1.5W / (m 2 K). Through the optimization of the above building envelope energy-saving structural measures, the carbon emission reduction effect of the building is calculated as shown in Table 2.

[0096] Table 2 Carbon reduction effect of building envelope optimization

[0097]

[0098] 2.2 Reduce building carbon emissions by selecting green building materials

[0099] Green building materials refer to building materials that reduce resource consumption and ecological impact throughout their lifecycle, offering energy-saving, emission-reduction, safety, health, convenience, and recyclability. This project features a reinforced concrete frame structure with block walls for both interior and exterior walls. The architectural design utilizes recyclable wall materials, which can reduce the building's carbon emissions. The carbon reduction effect is calculated in Table 3.

[0100] Table 3 Carbon reduction calculation table for using recyclable materials in building walls

[0101]

[0102] 2.3 Reduce building carbon emissions by increasing rooftop greening

[0103] Plant photosynthesis is a reliable method of carbon sequestration. By optimizing the landscape of the building site, the green planting area can be expanded, and the volume of natural carbon sinks can be increased to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions. The outdoor greening rate of this project is 10%. Since this project is a commercial building, it may be difficult to increase outdoor greening, but the roof space can be used as a planting roof to increase the volume of green carbon sinks. After deducting the necessary roof maintenance, equipment room, outdoor equipment, and slope roof area from the building roof of this project, the roof greening planting area can be approximately 850m 2 The roof is planned to be planted mainly with shrubs and lawns. For details of the roof greening layout, please see Figure 6 The carbon sequestration calculation of roof greening is shown in Table 4. According to the simulation calculation, 170tCO2 of carbon sequestration can be achieved.

[0104] Table 4 Roof greening carbon sink calculation table

[0105]

[0106] 2.4 Reducing building carbon emissions by increasing the use of renewable energy in buildings

[0107] Renewable energy mainly refers to solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, air thermal energy, etc. This project analyzes and compares the use of solar energy and uses the existing building sloping roof to install a solar photovoltaic system.

[0108] 1) Layout of solar photovoltaic panels

[0109] According to statistics, the building currently has an effective roof area of ​​440m2 that can be used to install solar photovoltaic panels. 2 , referring to "A Brief Discussion on the Application Status of Photovoltaic Power Generation in Beijing Residential Projects", the basic conditions for the layout of rooftop solar photovoltaic panels are:

[0110] (1) Select a 450W monocrystalline silicon solar panel with a module size of 2108mm×1048mm=2.2m 2 ;

[0111] (2) The azimuth and inclination angles of the solar photovoltaic panels are laid according to the slope of the roof. The solar azimuth angles of the photovoltaic panels are 70°southwest and 53°southeast, and the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are both 300°.

[0112] 2) Calculation of photovoltaic system power generation Rooftop solar photovoltaic panels are arranged as follows Figure 6 , we can see that there are 161 solar photovoltaic panels. According to the "Design Specifications for Photovoltaic Power Stations":

[0113] (GB50797-2012) The annual power generation of photovoltaic panels is calculated as follows:

[0114] E P =H A (P AZ / E s )K

[0115] Where: E P Annual on-grid power generation; H A Total horizontal solar radiation value: 1458.5kW·h / m 2E, irradiance under standard conditions; P, installed module capacity, based on the photovoltaic panel layout plane, Pz = 161 panels × 450W = 72450W; K, comprehensive efficiency coefficient. Many factors influence comprehensive efficiency. Based on the "A Brief Discussion on the Current Application of Photovoltaic Power Generation in Beijing Residential Projects" and the actual photovoltaic panel layout for this project, a value of 0.6 is adopted. Furthermore, the long-term operating degradation rate is considered: 2% in the first year, with power generation decreasing annually at a rate of 0.625%.

[0116] 3) Calculation of carbon emissions reductions from photovoltaic power generation systems

[0117] According to the "Introduction to the Full Life Cycle of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules (2)" published by the Photovoltaic Professional Committee of the China Renewable Energy Society, the lifespan of solar photovoltaic modules is approximately 25 years. Therefore, based on the above calculations, the photovoltaic power generation capacity of this project over its full life cycle is approximately 1.44 million kW·h, and the carbon emission factor of electric energy is 0.581 kgCO2 / kWh, which can reduce carbon emissions by 839 tCO2.

[0118] 3. Project Carbon Emission Design Summary

[0119] Through the above simulation analysis of the four technical measures, various carbon reduction strategies have played an important role in reducing building carbon emissions. The weight of the carbon reduction effect of each strategy is roughly shown in Table 6.

[0120] Furthermore, by integrating four building carbon reduction technology strategies, the project is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 1,615.08 tons of CO2, a significant 12.2% reduction. The use of rooftop photovoltaic panels is particularly effective. Optimizing the energy-efficient design of the building envelope also plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions. The remaining two carbon reduction strategies are also essential.

[0121] Table 5 Calculation of power generation of building rooftop photovoltaic system throughout its life cycle

[0122]

[0123] Table 6 Comprehensive summary of building carbon reduction

[0124]

[0125] Through the calculation of carbon emissions of implemented projects and the discussion of design measures to reduce building carbon emissions, it can be concluded that the design focus of reducing building carbon emissions should be on how to reduce carbon emissions in the building operation stage and the building material production stage. Specifically, the main building carbon reduction design strategies are: (1) By optimizing the energy-saving design of the building's exterior envelope structure, reducing the building's operating energy consumption, thereby achieving the goal of reducing building carbon emissions; (2) By selecting green building materials, reducing the building's consumption of environmental resources and reducing the building's carbon emissions in the building material production stage; (3) By increasing the green area of ​​the building's surrounding environment and utilizing the carbon sequestration effect of plants, building carbon sinks can be achieved; (4) By strengthening the building's use of renewable energy, the building's dependence on traditional fossil energy can be reduced, avoiding the carbon emissions caused by the large-scale consumption of traditional fossil energy. Since the project is already in operation, the above carbon emission reduction strategies have been simulated by themselves. It is hoped that the above research can provide technical references for subsequent building design projects and guide the building carbon reduction design of actual projects.

[0126] Relevant evidence of the technical effects achieved by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0127] As shown in Table 7, the carbon emissions of buildings without the optimization measures of the present invention are as follows: the total carbon emissions (CO2) are 19865.87t, and the total carbon emissions per unit area in the whole life cycle are 2872.90kgCO2 / m 2 The average annual carbon emissions per unit area over the entire life cycle totaled 57.46 (kgCO2 / m 2 a); Its carbon emissions percentage pie chart is as follows Figure 7 As shown in (a).

[0128] As shown in Table 8, the carbon emissions of the building during its entire life cycle after adopting the optimization measures of the present invention are as follows: the total carbon emissions (CO2) are 17513.42t, and the total carbon emissions per unit area during the entire life cycle are 2532.70kgCO2 / m 2 The average annual carbon emissions per unit area over the entire life cycle totals 50.65 (kgCO2 / m 2 a); Its carbon emissions percentage pie chart is as follows Figure 7 (b) shown.

[0129] Table 7 Calculation results of carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of buildings without the optimization measures of the present invention

[0130]

[0131] Table 8 Calculation results of carbon emissions over the entire building life cycle after adopting the optimization measures of the present invention

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portion can be stored in a memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated design hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned devices and methods can be implemented using computer-executable instructions and / or contained in processor control code, for example, such as a carrier medium such as a disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The devices and modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., can also be implemented by software executed by various types of processors, or can be implemented by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuits and software, such as firmware.

[0135] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for reducing building carbon emissions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Analyze the completed construction projects and simulate the construction carbon emissions of the projects themselves; Step 2: Propose four carbon reduction measures for the project's building carbon reduction strategy and conduct simulation calculations to quantify the effects of the four carbon reduction measures on reducing building carbon emissions.

2. The design method for reducing building carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for reducing building carbon emissions is as follows: 1) Reduce building carbon emissions by optimizing the energy-saving design of the building envelope; 2) Reduce building carbon emissions by selecting green building materials; 3) Reduce building carbon emissions by increasing rooftop greening; 4) Reduce building carbon emissions by strengthening the use of renewable energy in buildings.

3. The design method for reducing building carbon emissions according to claim 2, characterized in that: Reducing building carbon emissions by optimizing the energy-saving design of the building envelope: First, the thickness of the building roof insulation material was increased by 40mm on the basis of the 80mm thick extruded polystyrene board; then the exterior wall insulation was increased by 20mm on the basis of the 80mm rock wool board; finally, the exterior doors and windows of the building were made of triple-glazed two-chamber insulating glass, which increased the heat transfer coefficient of the building exterior windows from 2.1W / (m 2 K) is reduced to 1.5W / (m 2 K); calculate the carbon emission reduction effect of buildings through the optimization of the above building envelope energy-saving structural measures.

4. The design method for reducing building carbon emissions according to claim 2, wherein: Reducing building carbon emissions by selecting green building materials: The construction project has a reinforced concrete frame structure, and the interior and exterior walls of the building are block walls. The architectural design reduces the building's carbon emissions by selecting recyclable wall materials.

5. The design method for reducing building carbon emissions according to claim 2, characterized in that: Reducing building carbon emissions by increasing rooftop greening: By optimizing the landscape of the building site, the green planting area is expanded and the volume of natural carbon sinks is increased to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions; roof space is used as a planting roof to increase the volume of green carbon sinks.

6. The design method for reducing building carbon emissions according to claim 2, characterized in that: Reducing building carbon emissions by increasing the use of renewable energy in buildings: 1) Layout of solar photovoltaic panels According to statistics, the building currently has an effective roof area of ​​440m2 that can be used to install solar photovoltaic panels. 2 , the basic conditions for the layout of rooftop solar photovoltaic panels are: (1) Select a 450W monocrystalline silicon solar panel with a module size of 2108mm×1048mm=2.2m 2 ; (2) The azimuth and inclination angles of the solar photovoltaic panels are laid according to the sloping roof. The solar azimuth angles of the photovoltaic panels are 70°southwest and 53°southeast, and the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels are both 300°. 2) Calculation of photovoltaic system power generation Rooftop solar photovoltaic panel layout, with 161 solar photovoltaic panels arranged; the annual power generation of the photovoltaic panels is calculated as follows: E p =H A (P AZ / E s )K Where: E p Annual on-grid power generation; H A Total horizontal solar radiation value: 1458.5kW·h / m 2 ; E, irradiance under standard conditions; P, component installation capacity, according to the photovoltaic panel layout plane Pz = 161 pieces × 450W = 72450W; K, comprehensive efficiency coefficient.

7. A design system for reducing building carbon emissions, which implements the design method for reducing building carbon emissions according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The design system for reducing the building's carbon footprint includes: The analysis module is used to analyze completed building projects and simulate and calculate the building carbon emissions of the project itself; The carbon reduction module is used to propose four carbon reduction measures for the project's building carbon reduction strategy and conduct simulation calculations to quantify the effects of the four carbon reduction measures on reducing building carbon emissions.

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