Temperature-based drain valve control method for hydrogen fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and discloses a temperature-based drain valve control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system. The method comprises the following steps: after a fuel cell system enters an operation state, judging whether the temperature of cooling water is within a temperature range of T1-T2, and if so, adopting a second group of drain valve calibration tables; if not, adopting a first group of drain valve calibration tables; when the second group of drain valve calibration table is adopted, judging whether the temperature of the cooling water is increased to T2'from the interval of T1-T2, and if so, jumping to the first group of drain valve calibration table; if not, continuing to adopt the second group of drain valve calibration tables; when the first group of drain valve calibration table is adopted, judging whether the water temperature is reduced to T2 temperature, and if so, jumping to the second group of drain valve calibration table; and if not, continuing to adopt the first group of drain valve calibration tables. The method is easy to control, and only one or two calibration quantities need to be added; and modification on hardware is not needed, the development period is short, and time and cost can be effectively saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a temperature-based drain valve control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Since it is not affected by the Carnot cycle, it has a high energy conversion efficiency. It uses hydrogen as fuel, which is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. Therefore, it has the potential to be widely used as a power source in transportation vehicles, including cars, drones, and ships.

[0003] In common hydrogen fuel cell systems, to improve hydrogen utilization efficiency, the hydrogen subsystem typically uses a hydrogen circulation pump or ejector to recycle excess hydrogen. Since the recycled hydrogen carries a large amount of liquid water and water vapor, a water separator is required to separate the hydrogen from the water to prevent excess water from entering the fuel cell stack and causing flooding. A drain valve is installed at the bottom of the separator, which periodically opens to drain the water that accumulates there. Existing drain valve control strategies require calibration of the drain valve's opening cycle and duration. The rate of water accumulation in the separator determines the drain valve's opening frequency, while the time required for drainage determines the valve's opening duration. Since hydrogen is discharged along with the water when the drain valve is opened, calibration of the drain valve's opening cycle and duration must ensure complete water removal while maintaining a high hydrogen utilization rate.

[0004] However, the liquid water content in the anode is strongly related to the temperature. If only one drain valve table is used, during the cold start process at room temperature, when the water temperature is still at a relatively low temperature, there is more liquid water. If the drain valve calibration quantity at a higher temperature is directly used, it will result in an inability to completely drain the water; if the drain valve cycle and opening time are calibrated according to the low temperature, the hydrogen utilization rate will decrease after the temperature rises.

[0005] The existing technical solution mainly involves calibrating a drain valve table, which inevitably requires taking into account the drainage needs at high and low temperatures, resulting in a decrease in hydrogen utilization rate; some technical solutions take into account both drainage and hydrogen utilization rate by optimizing the steam-water separator or the drain valve. Patent CN115395051B monitors the water level of the steam-water separator and controls the frequency and opening time of the drain valve according to the water level of the steam-water separator, avoiding the problem of the drain valve opening frequency being too fast or too slow; Patent CN115207405B designs a mechanical drain valve. When the pressure of the drain valve reaches the upper limit, the drain valve will automatically open; when the pressure of the drain valve reaches the lower limit, the drain valve will automatically close, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the drain valve.

[0006] The following technical problems currently exist in the prior art:

[0007] (1) Currently, hydrogen fuel cell systems all use a hydrogen circulation structure. Excess hydrogen will carry a large amount of water vapor and liquid water after passing through the fuel cell stack. The current common method is to separate liquid water from hydrogen through a gas-water separator. The separation efficiency of this method is highly dependent on the gas-water separation efficiency of the gas-water separator and the water vapor content in the circulating hydrogen. When the circulating hydrogen temperature is high, the gas contains more water vapor, and the gas-water separator can separate less liquid water; when the temperature drops, the water vapor content in the gas decreases, the liquid water content increases, and the amount of water that needs to be separated increases.

[0008] (2) A drain valve is usually installed under the steam-water separator. The water accumulated inside the steam-water separator is discharged by periodically opening the drain valve, thereby achieving the purpose of removing the anode liquid water. In the existing drain valve control strategy, it is usually necessary to calibrate the opening cycle and opening duration of the drain valve at different operating points to achieve the drainage effect. Since hydrogen will be discharged along with the water when the drain valve is opened, when calibrating the opening cycle and opening duration of the drain valve, it is necessary to ensure that the water is completely discharged while ensuring that the hydrogen utilization rate is at a high level.

[0009] (3) The opening cycle and opening duration of the drain valve depend on the amount of water separated by the steam-water separator. When the fuel cell system is operating at the operating temperature (60-80°C), the temperature is relatively high, which can extend the drain cycle, shorten the drain valve opening time, and improve the hydrogen utilization rate. However, when the fuel cell system is heated from a lower temperature, such as during a cold start at room temperature, due to the low temperature and large water production, if the drain valve calibration quantity corresponding to the operating temperature is used, the water may not be completely separated, causing anode flooding. If the drain valve cycle and opening duration are calibrated based on the temperature of the heating process, the hydrogen utilization rate will be reduced, making it difficult to achieve a balance between the two. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a temperature-based method for controlling a drain valve in a hydrogen fuel cell system. The present invention does not require hardware modifications, shortens the development cycle, and can effectively save time and costs.

[0011] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows.

[0012] A temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method includes the following steps:

[0013] When the fuel cell system enters the operating state, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is within the temperature range of T1 to T2. If so, the second set of drain valve calibration table is used; if not, the first set of drain valve calibration table is used.

[0014] When using the second set of drain valve calibration tables, determine whether the cooling water temperature increases from the T1-T2 range to T2'. If so, jump to the first set of drain valve calibration tables; if not, continue to use the second set of drain valve calibration tables;

[0015] When using the first set of drain valve calibration tables, determine whether the water temperature drops to T2 temperature. If so, jump to the second set of drain valve calibration tables; if not, continue to use the first set of drain valve calibration tables;

[0016] The drain valve calibration table includes a table for calibrating the drain valve closing time and a table for calibrating the drain valve opening time;

[0017] The closing time length of the first set of drain valve calibration tables is longer than the closing time length of the second set of drain valve calibration tables;

[0018] The opening time of the first set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the second set of drainage calibration tables;

[0019] The hydrogen utilization rate is higher when the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used than when the second set of drain valve calibration tables are used. When the fuel cell system is operating at operating temperature, the hydrogen utilization rate is improved by using the first set of drain valve calibration tables.

[0020] The second set of drain valve calibration tables can drain more water than the first set of drain valve calibration tables. During the cold start process at room temperature, the second set of drain valve calibration tables is used to ensure that the water is completely drained and no single low occurs.

[0021] When only the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used, the minimum voltage will drop rapidly during the system's normal temperature cold start and heating process, and the voltage will gradually recover as the temperature rises; when two sets of drain valve calibration tables are used, the minimum single cell voltage is relatively stable during the normal temperature cold start and heating process, and there is no serious voltage drop.

[0022] Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes a hydrogen inlet pipeline, a proportional valve, a fuel cell stack, a steam-water separator, a drain valve, a hydrogen circulation pump, a water pump and a radiator assembly;

[0023] The hydrogen inlet pipeline is connected to the proportional valve, the proportional valve is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the steam-water separator, the bottom of the drain outlet of the steam-water separator is connected to the drain valve, the hydrogen outlet of the steam-water separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump, and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the pipeline between the proportional valve and the fuel cell stack; the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet of the water pump, the outlet of the water pump is connected to the inlet of the radiator assembly, and the outlet of the radiator assembly is connected to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack. A temperature sensor is installed on the front end pipeline of the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack to monitor the cooling water temperature in real time.

[0024] Furthermore, the calibration table of the first set of drain valves is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] Furthermore, the calibration table of the second set of drain valves is as follows:

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] Furthermore, the temperature T1 ranges from 30 to 40°C;

[0030] Furthermore, the temperature T2 is in the range of 5-10° C. lower than the operating temperature of the fuel cell system.

[0031] Furthermore, the temperature T1' is 2 to 5°C lower than the temperature T1;

[0032] Furthermore, the temperature T2' is 2-5°C higher than the temperature T2.

[0033] The present invention provides another temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method, comprising the following steps:

[0034] When the fuel cell system enters the operating state, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is less than T3. If so, the third set of drain valve calibration tables are used. If not, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is between T1 and T2. If the cooling water temperature is between T1 and T2, the second set of drain valve calibration tables are used. If not, the first set of drain valve calibration tables are used.

[0035] When the system is using the third set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature rises to T1 temperature or above. If so, it jumps to the second set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the third set of drain valve calibration tables.

[0036] When the system is using the second set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature rises to T2' or above. If so, it jumps to the first set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to determine whether the temperature drops to T3 or below. If so, it jumps to the third set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the second set of drain valve calibration tables.

[0037] The calibration table for the first set of drain valves is as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] The calibration table for the second set of drain valves is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] The third set of drain valve calibration table

[0043]

[0044] When the system is using the first set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature drops to T2 or below. If so, it jumps to the second set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the first set of drain valve calibration tables.

[0045] The drain valve calibration table includes a table for calibrating the drain valve closing time and a table for calibrating the drain valve opening time;

[0046] The calibrated closing time of the first set of drain valves is longer than the closing time of the second set of drain calibration tables, and the calibrated closing time of the second set of drain valves is longer than the closing time of the third set of drain calibration tables;

[0047] The opening time of the first set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the second set of drainage calibration tables, and the opening time of the second set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the third set of drainage calibration tables;

[0048] The hydrogen utilization rate is highest when the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used, and the hydrogen utilization rate is lowest when the third set of drain valve calibration tables is used; when the fuel cell system is operating at operating temperature, the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used to improve the hydrogen utilization rate;

[0049] The third set of drain valve calibration tables is used to discharge the most water. When the fuel cell system is started when the ambient temperature is very low, the third set of drain valve calibration tables is used to ensure that the water is completely discharged without single low.

[0050] Furthermore, the temperature T1 ranges from 30 to 40° C.; the temperature T2 ranges from 5 to 10° C. lower than the operating temperature of the fuel cell system; the temperature T3 ranges from 0 to 15° C.; and the temperature T2′ is 2 to 5° C. higher than the temperature T2.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0052] 1. It is easier to implement from the control point of view, and only one or two calibration quantities need to be added.

[0053] 2. No hardware modification is required, the development cycle is short, and it can effectively save time and costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2This is a flow chart of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 When only the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used in Example 1, the voltage shows a low trend during the heating process.

[0057] Figure 4 When two sets of drain valve calibration tables are used in Example 1, the voltage trend during the heating process is

[0058] Figure 5 This is a flowchart in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following description, combined with specific illustrations, illustrates the technical solutions for a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein. Similar generalizations and implementations made by persons of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] The present invention provides a method for controlling a drain valve of a hydrogen fuel cell system, which can ensure that the hydrogen subsystem is completely drained during a cold start of the fuel cell system at room temperature or low temperature, while improving the utilization rate of hydrogen. Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes a hydrogen inlet pipeline 1, a proportional valve 2, a fuel cell stack 3, a steam-water separator 4, a drain valve 5, a hydrogen circulation pump 6, a water pump 7, and a radiator assembly 8. The hydrogen inlet pipeline 1 is connected to the proportional valve 2, which is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 3. The hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the steam-water separator 4. The bottom end of the drain outlet of the steam-water separator 4 is connected to the drain valve 5. The hydrogen outlet of the steam-water separator 4 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 6. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 6 is connected to the pipeline between the proportional valve 2 and the fuel cell stack 3. The cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the inlet of the water pump 7. The outlet of the water pump 7 is connected to the inlet of the radiator assembly 8. The outlet of the radiator assembly 8 is connected to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 3. A temperature sensor T1 is installed on the pipeline in front of the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 3 to monitor the cooling water temperature in real time.

[0062] When the fuel cell system enters the operating state, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is within the temperature range of T1 to T2. If so, the second set of drain valve calibration table is used; if not, the first set of drain valve calibration table is used.

[0063] When using the second set of drain valve calibration tables, determine whether the cooling water temperature increases from the T1-T2 range to T2'. If so, jump to the first set of drain valve calibration tables; if not, continue to use the second set of drain valve calibration tables;

[0064] When using the first set of drain valve calibration tables, determine whether the water temperature drops to T2 temperature. If so, jump to the second set of drain valve calibration tables; if not, continue to use the first set of drain valve calibration tables;

[0065] The drain valve calibration table includes a table for calibrating the drain valve closing time and a table for calibrating the drain valve opening time;

[0066] The closing time length of the first set of drain valve calibration tables is longer than the closing time length of the second set of drain valve calibration tables;

[0067] The opening time of the first set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the second set of drainage calibration tables;

[0068] As shown in the table below, the hydrogen utilization rate is higher when the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used than when the second set of drain valve calibration tables is used. When the fuel cell system is operating at operating temperature, the first set of drain valve calibration tables can improve the hydrogen utilization rate.

[0069] The second set of drain valve calibration tables can drain more water than the first set of drain valve calibration tables. During the cold start process at room temperature, the second set of drain valve calibration tables can ensure that the water is completely drained and no single low occurs.

[0070] The following table shows the specific parameters of the two sets of drain valve calibration tables. When only the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used, the minimum voltage will drop rapidly during the system's normal temperature cold start and temperature rise process. As the temperature rises, the voltage gradually recovers. Figure 3 As shown in the figure; when two sets of drain valve calibration tables are used, during the normal temperature cold start and heating process, the lowest single cell voltage is relatively stable and there is no serious voltage drop. Figure 4 shown.

[0071] The first set of drain valve calibration table

[0072]

[0073] The second set of drain valve calibration table

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] The current density in the calibration table of the present invention refers to the current density of the fuel cell stack, and the current is applied through the DCF.

[0077] In this embodiment, the temperature T1 ranges from 30 to 40°C; the temperature T2 ranges from 5 to 10°C lower than the operating temperature of the fuel cell system; the temperature T1' is 2 to 5°C lower than the temperature T1; and the temperature T2' is 2 to 5°C higher than the temperature T2.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] This embodiment provides another control method:

[0080] When the fuel cell system enters the operating state, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is less than T3. If so, the third set of drain valve calibration tables are used. If not, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is between T1 and T2. If the cooling water temperature is between T1 and T2, the second set of drain valve calibration tables are used. If not, the first set of drain valve calibration tables are used.

[0081] When the system is using the third set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature rises to T1 temperature or above. If so, it jumps to the second set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the third set of drain valve calibration tables.

[0082] When the system is using the second set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature rises to T2' or above. If so, it jumps to the first set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to determine whether the temperature drops to T3 or below. If so, it jumps to the third set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the second set of drain valve calibration tables.

[0083] The third set of drain valve calibration table

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] When the system is using the first set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature drops to T2 or below. If so, it jumps to the second set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the first set of drain valve calibration tables.

[0087] The drain valve calibration table includes a table for calibrating the drain valve closing time and a table for calibrating the drain valve opening time;

[0088] The calibrated closing time of the first set of drain valves is longer than the closing time of the second set of drain calibration tables, and the calibrated closing time of the second set of drain valves is longer than the closing time of the third set of drain calibration tables;

[0089] The opening time of the first set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the second set of drainage calibration tables, and the opening time of the second set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the third set of drainage calibration tables;

[0090] The hydrogen utilization rate is highest when the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used, and the hydrogen utilization rate is lowest when the third set of drain valve calibration tables is used. When the fuel cell system is operating at operating temperature, the use of the first set of drain valve calibration tables can improve the hydrogen utilization rate;

[0091] The third set of drain valve calibration tables can discharge the most water. When the fuel cell system is started when the ambient temperature is very low, the third set of drain valve calibration tables can ensure that the water is completely discharged without single low.

[0092] In this embodiment, the temperature T1 ranges from 30 to 40° C.; the temperature T2 ranges from 5 to 10° C. lower than the operating temperature of the fuel cell system; the temperature T3 ranges from 0 to 15° C.; and the temperature T2′ is 2 to 5° C. higher than the temperature T2.

[0093] This embodiment adopts Figure 1 The hydrogen fuel cell system shown.

[0094] The drain valve calibration table shown in this embodiment is merely an example provided, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, which should all be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method, characterized in that: The steps include: When the fuel cell system enters the operating state, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is within the temperature range of T1 to T2. If so, the second set of drain valve calibration table is used; if not, the first set of drain valve calibration table is used. When using the second set of drain valve calibration tables, determine whether the cooling water temperature increases from the T1-T2 range to T2'. If so, jump to the first set of drain valve calibration tables; if not, continue to use the second set of drain valve calibration tables; When using the first set of drain valve calibration tables, determine whether the water temperature drops to T2 temperature. If so, jump to the second set of drain valve calibration tables; if not, continue to use the first set of drain valve calibration tables; The drain valve calibration table includes a table for calibrating the drain valve closing time and a table for calibrating the drain valve opening time; The closing time length of the first set of drain valve calibration tables is longer than the closing time length of the second set of drain valve calibration tables; The opening time of the first set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the second set of drainage calibration tables; The hydrogen utilization rate is higher when the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used than when the second set of drain valve calibration tables are used. When the fuel cell system is operating at operating temperature, the hydrogen utilization rate is improved by using the first set of drain valve calibration tables. The second set of drain valve calibration tables can drain more water than the first set of drain valve calibration tables. During the cold start process at room temperature, the second set of drain valve calibration tables is used to ensure that the water is completely drained and no single low occurs. When only the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used, the minimum voltage will drop rapidly during the system's normal temperature cold start and heating process, and the voltage will gradually recover as the temperature rises; when two sets of drain valve calibration tables are used, the minimum single cell voltage is relatively stable during the normal temperature cold start and heating process, and there is no serious voltage drop.

2. A temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen inlet pipeline (1), a proportional valve (2), a fuel cell stack (3), a steam-water separator (4), a drain valve (5), a hydrogen circulation pump (6), a water pump (7) and a radiator assembly (8); The hydrogen inlet pipeline (1) is connected to the proportional valve (2), the proportional valve (2) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the battery stack (3), the hydrogen outlet of the battery stack (3) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the steam-water separator (4), the bottom end of the water outlet of the steam-water separator (4) is connected to the water outlet valve (5), the hydrogen outlet of the steam-water separator (4) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (6), and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (6) is connected to the pipeline between the proportional valve (2) and the battery stack (3); the cooling water outlet of the battery stack (3) is connected to the inlet of the water pump (7), the outlet of the water pump (7) is connected to the inlet of the radiator assembly (8), and the outlet of the radiator assembly (8) is connected to the cooling water inlet of the battery stack (3). A temperature sensor (T1) is installed on the front end pipeline of the cooling water inlet of the battery stack (3) for real-time monitoring of the cooling water temperature.

3. The temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calibration table of the first set of drain valves is as follows:

4. The temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calibration table for the second set of drain valves is as follows:

5. The temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature T1 ranges from 30 to 40°C.

6. The temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature T2 is in the range of 5 to 10° C. lower than the operating temperature of the fuel cell system.

7. The temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature T1' is 2 to 5°C lower than the temperature T1.

8. The temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature T2' is 2 to 5°C higher than the temperature T2.

9. A temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method, characterized in that: The steps include: When the fuel cell system enters the operating state, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is less than T3. If so, the third set of drain valve calibration tables are used. If not, it is determined whether the cooling water temperature is between T1 and T2. If the cooling water temperature is between T1 and T2, the second set of drain valve calibration tables are used. If not, the first set of drain valve calibration tables are used. When the system is using the third set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature rises to T1 temperature or above. If so, it jumps to the second set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the third set of drain valve calibration tables. When the system is using the second set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature rises to T2' or above. If so, it jumps to the first set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to determine whether the temperature drops to T3 or below. If so, it jumps to the third set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the second set of drain valve calibration tables. The calibration table for the first set of drain valves is as follows: The calibration table for the second set of drain valves is as follows: The third set of drain valve calibration table When the system is using the first set of drain valve calibration tables, it determines whether the cooling water temperature drops to T2 or below. If so, it jumps to the second set of drain valve calibration tables. If not, it continues to use the first set of drain valve calibration tables. The drain valve calibration table includes a table for calibrating the drain valve closing time and a table for calibrating the drain valve opening time; The calibrated closing time of the first set of drain valves is longer than the closing time of the second set of drain calibration tables, and the calibrated closing time of the second set of drain valves is longer than the closing time of the third set of drain calibration tables; The opening time of the first set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the second set of drainage calibration tables, and the opening time of the second set of drainage valve calibration tables is shorter than the opening time of the third set of drainage calibration tables; The hydrogen utilization rate is highest when the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used, and the hydrogen utilization rate is lowest when the third set of drain valve calibration tables is used; when the fuel cell system is operating at operating temperature, the first set of drain valve calibration tables is used to improve the hydrogen utilization rate; The third set of drain valve calibration tables is used to discharge the most water. When the fuel cell system is started when the ambient temperature is very low, the third set of drain valve calibration tables is used to ensure that the water is completely discharged without single low.

10. The temperature-based hydrogen fuel cell system drain valve control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The temperature T1 ranges from 30 to 40° C.; the temperature T2 ranges from 5 to 10° C. lower than the operating temperature of the fuel cell system; the temperature T3 ranges from 0 to 15° C.; and the temperature T2′ is 2 to 5° C. higher than the temperature T2.

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