Unmanned aerial vehicle high-power battery management system

Abstract

The invention provides a high-power battery management system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the system comprises a housing which is internally provided with a circuit board. The circuit board is provided with a cell group, an AFE unit, an MCU controller, a pre-charging circuit, a main power mos, a sampling resistor, a high-power fuse, a black box, a Bluetooth communication module, a temperature sensor, a switch button, an electric quantity indicating lamp, a plugging state indicating lamp, a mixed plug and a cathode plug. The positive electrode of the battery cell group is connected with the positive electrode of the hybrid plug through the high-power fuse, the negative electrode of the battery cell group is connected with the drain electrode of the main power mos through the sampling resistor, the negative electrode of the hybrid plug is connected with the source electrode of the main power mos, the grid electrode of the main power mos is connected with the AFE unit, the AFE unit is further connected with the battery cell group, and the negative electrode plug is connected to the pre-charging circuit and the sampling resistor. The battery weight and cost are effectively reduced in a high-power discharge scene, the power supply reliability during high-power discharge is ensured, and the flight safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and in particular relates to a high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of drone technology, drone payloads and takeoff weights are also increasing. In today's high-load vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) drones, to meet the high power requirements of the rotor propulsion system while also balancing the payload capacity of fixed-wing aircraft, the rotor propulsion battery itself faces a conflict between high power consumption and the heavy weight of the battery management system. Using non-intelligently managed batteries significantly increases the risks of battery use, while using conventional intelligent batteries adds significant weight, reducing payload and performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and proposes a high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles, which greatly reduces the weight of the battery management system while ensuring battery safety and flight safety, and ensures the overcurrent capacity.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0005] A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising a housing, a circuit board disposed inside the housing, the circuit board being provided with a battery pack, an AFE unit, an MCU controller, a pre-charging circuit, a main power MOSFET, a sampling resistor, a high-power fuse, a black box, a Bluetooth communication module, a temperature sensor, a switch button, a battery indicator light, a plug status indicator light, a hybrid plug, and a negative plug;

[0006] The positive electrode of the battery cell group is connected to the positive electrode of the hybrid plug through a high-power fuse, the negative electrode of the battery cell group is connected to the drain of the main power MOS through a sampling resistor, the negative electrode of the hybrid plug is connected to the source of the main power MOS, the gate of the main power MOS is connected to the AFE unit, and the AFE unit is also connected to the battery cell group. One end of the temperature sensor is connected to the battery cell group and the other end is connected to the MCU controller. The negative electrode plug is connected to the pre-charging circuit and the sampling resistor. The pre-charging circuit, hybrid plug, Bluetooth communication module, black box, switch button and battery indicator light are all connected to the MCU controller.

[0007] Furthermore, the AFE unit is used to monitor the cell voltage, current and capacity.

[0008] Furthermore, the pre-charging circuit is used to provide an appropriate pre-charging current at the moment of plugging.

[0009] Furthermore, the main power MOS is used to control the negative switch of the hybrid plug to provide low-power supply.

[0010] Furthermore, the sampling resistor is used for low-side current sampling and is used to provide current data for the AFE unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the hybrid plug is a positive and negative hybrid plug, which is used to provide low-power power supply requirements and pre-charging functions for the device.

[0012] Furthermore, the negative plug is an independent negative plug, which is used to provide high-power power supply requirements.

[0013] Furthermore, the system works as follows:

[0014] When connecting the load, plug in the hybrid plug first to pre-charge the device;

[0015] Connect the negative plug before taking off and use the negative pole of the hybrid plug for high-power discharge.

[0016] Furthermore, the hybrid plug and the negative plug are both provided with a plug-in detection component, which includes two contacts for detecting plug-in, one contact is grounded and the other contact is at a high level. The MCU controller determines the plug-in order of the plugs by detecting the level changes of the contacts.

[0017] Furthermore, the shell is provided with a hybrid plug port and a negative plug port, a first inclined surface is provided on one side of the hybrid plug port, a second inclined surface and a plane are provided on one side of the negative plug port, the first inclined surface and the plane are connected by a connecting rod, and the second inclined surface is connected to an anti-drop pin.

[0018] Compared with the existing technology, the UAV high-power battery management system described in the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] The management system of the present invention effectively improves battery reliability and service life, and effectively reduces battery weight and cost in high-power discharge scenarios, while ensuring power supply reliability during high-power discharge and ensuring the flight safety of drones. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the management system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware frame of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the invented hybrid plug;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the shell structure of the present invention.

[0025] Description of Reference Numerals

[0026] 1-battery cell pack; 2-AFE unit; 3-MCU controller; 4-pre-charge circuit; 5-main power MOS; 6-sampling resistor; 7-high-power fuse; 8-black box; 9-Bluetooth communication module; 10-temperature sensor; 11-switch button and battery indicator light; 12-connection status indicator light; 13-hybrid plug, 131-positive pole, 132-negative pole; 14-negative plug; 15-hybrid plug port; 16-negative plug port; 17-first inclined surface; 18-second inclined surface; 19-flat surface; 20-connecting rod; 21-anti-drop pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1-3As shown, the present invention provides a high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising a housing, a circuit board provided inside the housing, and a battery pack 1, an AFE unit 2, an MCU controller 3, a pre-charging circuit 4, a main power MOS 5, a sampling resistor 6, a high-power fuse 7, a black box 8, a Bluetooth communication module 9, a temperature sensor 10, a switch button and a power indicator light 11, a plug status indicator light 12, a hybrid plug 13, and a negative plug 14 provided on the circuit board;

[0032] The positive electrode of the battery cell group 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the hybrid plug 13 through a high-power fuse 7, the negative electrode of the battery cell group 1 is connected to the drain of the main power MOS 5 through a sampling resistor 6, the negative electrode of the hybrid plug 13 is connected to the source of the main power MOS 5, and the gate of the main power MOS 5 is connected to the AFE unit 2. The AFE unit 2 is also connected to the battery cell group 1, one end of the temperature sensor 10 is connected to the battery cell group 1, and the other end is connected to the MCU controller 3. The negative electrode plug 14 is connected to the pre-charging circuit 4 and the sampling resistor 6. The pre-charging circuit 4, the hybrid plug 13, the Bluetooth communication module 9, the black box 8, the switch button and the power indicator light 11 are all connected to the MCU controller 3.

[0033] In the present invention, the AFE unit 2 is used to monitor the voltage, current, and capacity of the battery cell and implement protection; the MCU controller 3 is the main logic device, processing software protection logic and usage, plug-in and other logic; the pre-charge circuit 3 provides an appropriate pre-charge current at the moment of plugging to prevent current shock caused by the capacitive load; the main power MOS 5 controls the negative pole switch of the hybrid plug to provide low-power power supply; the sampling resistor 6 is for low-side current sampling, providing current data for the AFE unit 2; the high-power fuse 7 is for forced melting protection when the maximum current limit is exceeded; the black box 8 is an independent record management system operation information; the Bluetooth communication module 9 is for the MCU controller 3 and the user The device interacts with the user through a power button and a battery indicator light 11. A temperature sensor 10 monitors the temperature of the battery pack 1 in real time for thermal management. The power button and battery indicator light 11 interact with the user to turn the device on and off, and to communicate with the user through light signals. A plug status indicator 12 indicates the plug connection status, ensuring the correct plugging sequence. A hybrid plug 13 is a positive-negative hybrid plug, providing a positive pole with a higher overcurrent and a negative pole with a lower overcurrent. This plug can provide low-current pre-charging and basic power for the device. The negative pole plug 14 is an independent negative pole plug. When plugged in, it short-circuits the negative pole 132 of the hybrid plug 13 and forms a power supply loop with the positive pole 131 of the hybrid plug 13, providing high-power power supply requirements. The present invention distinguishes between high-power and low-power sections. In the low-power section, the negative pole on the hybrid plug is controlled by the main power MOS 5 and managed by the AFE unit 2 and MCU controller 3. In the high-power section, the independent negative pole plug 14 is directly connected to the front end of the main power MOS 5 and is not controlled or managed by the AFE unit 2 and MCU controller 3. This meets the requirements of managing batteries and high-power overcurrent while maintaining a low weight.

[0034] When the present invention is working, the load is first connected, and the hybrid plug 13 is plugged in first, and the device is pre-charged through the MCU controller 3 to provide a power supply function with a certain capacity, which is used for ground debugging and low-power testing of the drone. Before preparing for takeoff, the negative plug 14 is connected, and high-power discharge is performed after the negative pole of the hybrid plug 13 is closed through the MCU controller 3.

[0035] In the present invention, due to requirements for the plug insertion sequence, hybrid plug 13 must be connected first. The connection sequence is monitored in real time by MCU controller 3. Both plugs on the circuit board have two contacts for detecting insertion: one contact is grounded and the other is high-level. The load device plug has two corresponding contacts, which are short-circuited. However, when the plug is not inserted, the circuit board detects that one contact is high-level and the other is low-level (grounded). When the load plug is inserted, the high-level contact is short-circuited to two low-level contacts, detecting that the plug is inserted. If the insertion is correct, the device automatically powers on. The present invention has these contacts and detection components on both plugs, so the insertion sequence can be detected. If the insertion sequence is incorrect, the plug status indicator will indicate the error.

[0036] The present invention also avoids incorrect insertion through the fool-proof design of the battery housing. Figure 4 As shown, the housing is provided with a hybrid plug port 15 and a negative plug port 16. A first bevel 17 is provided on one side of the hybrid plug port 15, and a second bevel 18 and a flat surface 19 are provided on one side of the negative plug port 16. The first bevel 17 and the flat surface 19 are connected by a connecting rod 20, and the second bevel 18 is connected to an anti-dropout pin 21. During use, the hybrid plug 13 is inserted first. The plug squeezes the first bevel 18 to move the bevel to the right. After passing through the connecting rod 20, the flat surface 19 retracts to the left. The independent negative plug 14 can then be inserted after squeezing the second bevel 18. The second bevel 18 is squeezed and moves to the left. The anti-dropout pin 21 extends and locks the hybrid plug to prevent it from falling out. This also prevents incorrect unplugging. If the order is incorrect, the independent negative plug 14 is inserted first. Since the flat surface 19 cannot be squeezed back, the plug cannot be inserted, thus avoiding the problem of incorrect plugging order.

[0037] Given the same overcurrent requirements of the power system, the negative terminal of the hybrid plug only provides low-power supply and pre-charging. The high-power overcurrent portion is directly connected to the battery cell via a sampling resistor, bypassing the MOS of a traditional BMS. Therefore, insufficient overcurrent in the high-power portion need not be a concern. Therefore, the present invention can only consider pre-charging current and other functions, ignoring high-power overcurrent requirements. This significantly saves weight and volume on overcurrent components, also reducing heat generation and saving weight on heat dissipation in the switching device.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power battery management system for drones, characterized by: The device comprises a housing, a circuit board is provided inside the housing, and a battery pack, an AFE unit, an MCU controller, a pre-charging circuit, a main power MOS, a sampling resistor, a high-power fuse, a black box, a Bluetooth communication module, a temperature sensor, a switch button, a power indicator light, a plug status indicator light, a hybrid plug, and a negative plug are provided on the circuit board; The positive electrode of the battery cell group is connected to the positive electrode of the hybrid plug through a high-power fuse, the negative electrode of the battery cell group is connected to the drain of the main power MOS through a sampling resistor, the negative electrode of the hybrid plug is connected to the source of the main power MOS, the gate of the main power MOS is connected to the AFE unit, and the AFE unit is also connected to the battery cell group. One end of the temperature sensor is connected to the battery cell group and the other end is connected to the MCU controller. The negative electrode plug is connected to the pre-charging circuit and the sampling resistor. The pre-charging circuit, hybrid plug, Bluetooth communication module, black box, switch button and battery indicator light are all connected to the MCU controller.

2. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The AFE unit is used to monitor the cell voltage, current and capacity.

3. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-charge circuit is used to provide an appropriate pre-charge current at the moment of plugging.

4. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main power MOS is used to control the negative switch of the hybrid plug and provide low-power supply.

5. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling resistor is used for low-side current sampling and provides current data to the AFE unit.

6. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hybrid plug is a positive and negative mixed plug, which is used to provide low-power power supply requirements and pre-charging functions for the device.

7. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative plug is an independent negative plug, which is used to provide high-power power supply requirements.

8. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system works as follows: When connecting the load, plug in the hybrid plug first to pre-charge the device; Connect the negative plug before taking off and use the negative pole of the hybrid plug for high-power discharge.

9. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hybrid plug and the negative plug are both provided with a plug-in detection component, which includes two contacts for detecting plug-in, one contact is grounded and the other contact is at a high level. The MCU controller determines the plug-in order of the plugs by detecting the level changes of the contacts.

10. The high-power battery management system for an unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a hybrid plug port and a negative plug port, a first inclined surface is provided on one side of the hybrid plug port, a second inclined surface and a plane are provided on one side of the negative plug port, the first inclined surface and the plane are connected by a connecting rod, and the second inclined surface is connected to an anti-drop pin.

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