Feed for artificial breeding of oysters as well as preparation method and application of feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oyster breeding, in particular to an artificial breeding feed for oysters as well as a preparation method and application of the artificial breeding feed. The invention provides an artificial breeding feed for oysters. The artificial breeding feed is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of flour, 8-12 parts of puffed soybean meal, 6-10 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of a protein raw material, 20-40 parts of an algae raw material, 3-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 2-3 parts of composite vitamins and 0.8-1.2 parts of a fermentation inoculant. Through formula innovation and process innovation of the oyster breeding feed, unification of high efficiency, environmental protection and economical efficiency of the oyster breeding feed is realized, a reliable solution is provided for large-scale and intensive breeding, and the oyster breeding feed has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oyster cultivation, and in particular to an artificial oyster cultivation feed, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Oysters are an important commercial shellfish worldwide, widely favored by consumers for their nutritious and delicious taste. As market demand continues to increase, wild oyster resources are dwindling due to overfishing and environmental pollution. Artificial aquaculture has become the primary production method in the oyster industry. However, the quality and nutritional profile of feed directly affect oyster growth, survival, and meat quality. Therefore, the development of efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost artificial aquaculture feeds is crucial.

[0003] Traditional oyster farming relies mainly on natural feed, such as phytoplankton and organic debris. However, the supply of these natural feeds is greatly affected by season, water quality and climate, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale and intensive farming. Currently, there are some artificial feeds on the market, but they generally have the following problems:

[0004] Nutritional imbalance: The proportions of key nutrients such as protein, fat, and carbohydrates in some feeds are unreasonable, which affects the growth and immunity of oysters.

[0005] Poor palatability: The physical form (e.g., particle size, suspension) and chemical properties (e.g., odor, taste) of the feed may reduce oyster feeding rates.

[0006] Low digestion and absorption rate: Certain raw materials (such as plant protein) contain anti-nutritional factors, which make it difficult for oysters to absorb and utilize them efficiently.

[0007] Environmental pollution risk: The uneaten portion of feed may decompose in the water, causing water quality to deteriorate and increasing the risk of aquaculture diseases.

[0008] The above technical problems greatly limit the application of oyster aquaculture feed.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an artificial oyster culture feed that is nutritionally balanced, palatable, digestible and environmentally friendly, which is a problem that those skilled in the art need to solve urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial oyster breeding feed and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] The invention provides an artificial breeding feed for oysters, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of flour, 8-12 parts of puffed soybean flour, 6-10 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of protein raw materials, 20-40 parts of algae raw materials, 3-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 2-3 parts of complex vitamins, and 0.8-1.2 parts of fermentation agents; the protein raw materials are black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder; the algae raw materials are Chaetoceros, Sievella cyclosporus, Thalassiosira marinum, and Chlorella vulgaris; and the fermentation agents are Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

[0013] Preferably, the complex vitamins are vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12; the mass ratio of the vitamins D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 is 12-16:8-12:12-16:5-9:6-10.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 16-20:15-17:10-14:7-11:6-10:6-10.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of the black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder and silkworm pupa powder is 20-30:10-20:5-9:3-7; the mass ratio of Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira and Chlorella is 8-12:8-12:8-12:8-12.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the artificial oyster culture feed, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials are mixed, the water content is adjusted, and then fermented to obtain material 1;

[0018] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and a protein raw material, adjusting the water content, and then fermenting to obtain material 2;

[0019] (3) The material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins are mixed, granulated, and then dried to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0020] Preferably, the fermentation time in steps (1) and (2) is 3 to 7 days.

[0021] Preferably, the water content in steps (1) and (2) is adjusted to 55-75%.

[0022] Preferably, the particle size of the granulation in step (4) is 50 to 100 μm.

[0023] Preferably, the drying step is performed until the moisture content of the material is ≤8%.

[0024] The present invention also provides the use of the artificial oyster breeding feed or the artificial oyster breeding feed prepared by the preparation method of the artificial oyster breeding feed in oyster breeding.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention provides high-quality protein, essential amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids required for oyster growth by scientifically proportioning protein raw materials (black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, silkworm pupa powder) and algae raw materials (Chaetoceros, Cylindrocystis, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella), significantly improving the weight gain of oysters. The precise proportion of complex vitamins (vitamins D, E, K, B2, and B12) further enhances the metabolic function and immunity of oysters. Experimental data show that the average weight gain of oysters using the feed of the present invention reached 35.8g in 30 days, significantly higher than that of the control group.

[0027] This invention utilizes a step-by-step fermentation process: in the first stage, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, and Aspergillus niger decompose the nutritional factors in the algae feedstock. In the second stage, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus optimize the digestibility of the protein feedstock. This two-step fermentation process significantly improves feed utilization and promotes oyster growth. Furthermore, the natural flavor compounds produced by fermentation (such as organic acids and small peptides) enhance the feed's appeal, further reducing aquaculture costs and environmental impact.

[0028] The invention realizes the unity of high efficiency, environmental protection and economy of oyster aquaculture feed through formula innovation and process innovation of oyster aquaculture feed, provides a reliable solution for large-scale and intensive aquaculture, and has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention provides an artificial breeding feed for oysters, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of flour, 8-12 parts of puffed soybean flour, 6-10 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of protein raw material, 20-40 parts of algae raw material, 3-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 2-3 parts of multivitamins, and 0.8-1.2 parts of fermentation agent; preferably, 27-33 parts of flour, 9-11 parts of puffed soybean flour, 7-9 parts of corn flour, 25-35 parts of protein raw material, 25-35 parts of algae raw material, 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, and 0.8-1.2 parts of fermentation agent. 3 parts of stone powder, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of multivitamins, and 0.9-1.1 parts of fermentation agent; more preferably, 29-31 parts of flour, 10 parts of puffed soybean powder, 8 parts of corn flour, 27-33 parts of protein raw materials, 27-33 parts of algae raw materials, 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of multivitamins, and 1 part of fermentation agent; more preferably, 30 parts of flour, 10 parts of puffed soybean powder, 8 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of protein raw materials, 30 parts of algae raw materials, 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of multivitamins, and 1 part of fermentation agent.

[0030] In the present invention, the protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder.

[0031] In the present invention, the algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Cyclostridium, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella.

[0032] In the present invention, the fermentation bacteria are: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

[0033] In the present invention, the complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12; the mass ratio of vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 is 12-16:8-12:12-16:5-9:6-10; preferably 13-15:9-11:13-15:6-8:7-9; further preferably 14:10:14:7:8.

[0034] In the present invention, the mass ratio of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 16-20:15-17:10-14:7-11:6-10:6-10; preferably 17-19:16:11-13:8-10:7-9:7-9; further preferably 18:16:12:9:8:8.

[0035] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, maggot powder and silkworm pupa powder is 20-30:10-20:5-9:3-7; preferably 22-28:12-18:6-8:4-6; further preferably 24-26:14-16:7:5; more preferably 25:15:7:5.

[0036] In the present invention, the mass ratio of Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella is 8-12:8-12:8-12:8-12; preferably 9-11:9-11:9-11:9-11; more preferably 1:1:1:1.

[0037] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the artificial oyster culture feed, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials are mixed, the water content is adjusted, and then fermented to obtain material 1;

[0039] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and a protein raw material, adjusting the water content, and then fermenting to obtain material 2;

[0040] (3) The material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins are mixed, granulated, and then dried to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0041] In the present invention, the fermentation time in steps (1) and (2) is 3 to 7 days; preferably 4 to 6 days; more preferably 5 days.

[0042] In the present invention, the water content in steps (1) and (2) is adjusted to 55-75%, preferably 57-73%, more preferably 59-71%, and more preferably 65%.

[0043] In the present invention, the particle size of the granulation in step (4) is 50 to 100 μm; preferably 60 to 90 μm; more preferably 70 to 80 μm; and more preferably 80 μm.

[0044] In the present invention, the material is dried to a moisture content of ≤8%, preferably 6-8%, and more preferably 7%.

[0045] The present invention also provides the use of the artificial oyster breeding feed or the artificial oyster breeding feed prepared by the preparation method of the artificial oyster breeding feed in oyster breeding.

[0046] In the present invention, the bacterial content of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 500 million / g.

[0047] In the present invention, the Aspergillus niger has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 8640; Bacillus coagulans GDMCC 1.420; Bacillus licheniformis GDMCC 1.182; Candida utilis CICC 1422; Pediococcus pentosaceus CICC 22726; and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CICC 22825 are all from Shanghai Chen Microorganisms.

[0048] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] An artificial oyster aquaculture feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of flour, 8 parts of puffed soybean flour, 6 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of protein raw material, 20 parts of algae raw material, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of zeolite powder, 1 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of multivitamins, and 0.8 parts of fermentation agent;

[0051] The protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, silkworm pupa powder, with a mass ratio of 20:10:5:3;

[0052] The algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella, with a mass ratio of 8:8:8:8.

[0053] The fermentation bacteria include: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with a mass ratio of 16:15:10:7:6:6.

[0054] The complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12, with a mass ratio of 12:8:12:5:6.

[0055] The preparation method of the artificial oyster culture feed comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials were mixed, the water content was adjusted to 55%, and fermented for 3 days to obtain material 1;

[0057] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the protein raw material, adjusting the water content to 55%, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain material 2;

[0058] (3) Material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins were mixed, granulated (particle size 50 μm), and then dried (water content 8%) to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] An artificial oyster aquaculture feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of flour, 12 parts of puffed soybean flour, 10 parts of corn flour, 40 parts of protein raw material, 40 parts of algae raw material, 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4 parts of zeolite powder, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of multivitamins, and 1.2 parts of fermentation agent;

[0061] The protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, silkworm pupa powder, with a mass ratio of 30:20:9:7;

[0062] The algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella, with a mass ratio of 12:12:12:12.

[0063] The fermentation bacteria are: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with a mass ratio of 20:17:14:11:10:10.

[0064] The complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12, with a mass ratio of 16:12:16:9:10.

[0065] The preparation method of the artificial oyster culture feed comprises the following steps:

[0066] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials were mixed, the water content was adjusted to 75%, and then fermented for 7 days to obtain material 1;

[0067] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the protein raw material, adjusting the water content to 75%, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain material 2;

[0068] (3) Material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins were mixed, granulated (particle size: 100 μm), and then dried (water content: 7%) to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] An artificial oyster aquaculture feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of flour, 10 parts of puffed soybean flour, 8 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of protein raw material, 30 parts of algae raw material, 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of multivitamins, and 1 part of fermentation agent;

[0071] The protein raw materials are: black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder, with a mass ratio of 25:15:7:5;

[0072] The algae raw materials are: Chaetoceros, Sievella, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella, with a mass ratio of 10:10:10:10.

[0073] The fermentation bacteria are: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with a mass ratio of 18:16:12:9:8:8.

[0074] The complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12, with a mass ratio of 14:10:14:7:8.

[0075] The preparation method of the artificial oyster culture feed comprises the following steps:

[0076] (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials were mixed, the water content was adjusted to 65%, and fermented for 5 days to obtain material 1;

[0077] (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the protein raw material, adjusting the water content to 65%, and fermenting for 8 days to obtain material 2;

[0078] (3) Material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins are mixed, granulated (particle size 80 μm), and then dried (water content 8%) to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] The other methods are the same as those in Example 3, with the only difference being that the components (including the fermentation agent) are directly mixed, granulated, and dried to obtain the artificial oyster aquaculture feed without undergoing a fermentation process.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] The other methods were the same as those in Example 3, except that Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were replaced with equal amounts of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, and Aspergillus niger.

[0083] Comparative Example 3

[0084] The other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that the earthworm powder, maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder are all replaced with an equal amount of black soldier fly powder.

[0085] Comparative Example 4

[0086] The other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that the schizophyllum, Thalassiosira, and Chlorella are replaced with equal amounts of Chaetoceros.

[0087] Experimental Example 1

[0088] Clean the oysters, select oysters of similar size, group them into groups of 50, weigh them separately, and calculate the initial weight of each group.

[0089] All water tanks were placed in simulated seawater, and each group of oysters was placed in the water tank separately. 5 g of the corresponding feed was added in the morning and evening respectively, and the water was changed once every two days.

[0090] After 30 days of oyster rearing, the survival rate was observed and the oysters were weighed again (final weight). The average weight gain was calculated. The soft part of each oyster was weighed to calculate the soft part ratio. Finally, the amount of feed remaining in the tank was weighed. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0091] The feed prepared by the method of Example 3 was used as the experimental group; and the feeds of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were used as Control Groups 1 to 4.

[0092] Table 1 Body weight changes

[0093]

[0094] Table 2 Statistics of soft wet weight and soft proportion

[0095] Group Soft wet weight g Software ratio% Experimental group 38.8 56.0％ Control group 1 24.9 48.3％ Control group 2 29.5 51.5％ Control group 3 32.6 52.3％ Control group 4 31.9 51.7％

[0096] Table 3 Statistics of survival rate and remaining feed

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] It is not difficult to see from the records in Tables 1 to 3 that the artificial oyster culture feed provided by the present invention has an excellent growth-promoting effect on oysters. The oysters grow well, have a high survival rate, and have a high proportion of soft bodies, indicating that the oysters are of good quality.

[0100] From the statistics of the remaining feed in Table 3, it can be seen that there was no remaining feed in the experimental group, which shows that the feed provided by the present invention has a good feeding effect on oysters and does not cause feed waste.

[0101] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial oyster culture feed, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of flour, 8-12 parts of puffed soybean flour, 6-10 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of protein raw materials, 20-40 parts of algae raw materials, 3-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 2-3 parts of multivitamins, and 0.8-1.2 parts of fermentation bacteria; the protein raw materials are black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder, and silkworm pupa powder; the algae raw materials are Chaetoceros, Sievella cyclosporus, Thalassiosira marinum, and Chlorella vulgaris; and the fermentation bacteria are Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

2. The artificial oyster culture feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12; the mass ratio of the vitamins D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 is 12-16:8-12:12-16:5-9:6-10.

3. The artificial oyster culture feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 16-20:15-17:10-14:7-11:6-10:6-10.

4. The artificial oyster culture feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the black soldier fly powder, earthworm powder, fly maggot powder and silkworm pupa powder is 20-30:10-20:5-9:3-7; the mass ratio of the Chaetoceros algae, Sievella serrata, Thalassiosira algae and Chlorella vulgaris is 8-12:8-12:8-12:8-12.

5. The method for preparing artificial oyster culture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and algae raw materials are mixed, the water content is adjusted, and then fermented to obtain material 1; (2) mixing the material 1, Candida utilis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and a protein raw material, adjusting the water content, and then fermenting to obtain material 2; (3) The material 2, flour, puffed soybean flour, corn flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder, choline chloride, and multivitamins are mixed, granulated, and then dried to obtain artificial oyster culture feed.

6. The method for preparing oyster artificial breeding feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fermentation time in steps (1) and (2) is 3 to 7 days.

7. The method for preparing oyster artificial breeding feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In steps (1) and (2), the water content is adjusted to 55-75%.

8. The method for preparing oyster artificial breeding feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the granulation in step (4) is 50 to 100 μm.

9. The method for preparing oyster artificial breeding feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drying step is performed until the moisture content of the material is ≤8%.

10. Use of the artificial oyster aquaculture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the artificial oyster aquaculture feed prepared by the method for preparing the artificial oyster aquaculture feed according to any one of claims 5 to 9 in oyster aquaculture.

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