High-efficiency feed special for channel catfish and new mode for shortening aquaculture cycle

Abstract

Feed special for channel catfish, comprising special feed 1 and special feed 2. The special feed 1 comprises the following raw materials: fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, rice bran, wheat, soybean oil, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, sodium humate, lysine, methionine, a fish premix, an antifungal agent, a composite antioxidant, Vc phosphate, and carnitine hydrochloride. The special feed 2 comprises the special feed 1 and a herbal additive, wherein the herbal additive is composed of radix astragali, radix glycyrrhizae, and peony. By using the feed special for the channel catfish in combination with a corresponding aquaculture method and mode, the aquaculture cycle of the channel catfish can be reduced from three years to two years for marketability, thereby shortening the cycle, reducing the disease risk, and improving the economic benefits of aquaculture.

Description

High-efficiency channel catfish special feed and new mode for shortening breeding cycle thereof TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of channel catfish breeding, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency channel catfish special feed and a new mode for shortening breeding cycle thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Channel catfish, also known as American catfish and channel catfish, is a large freshwater fish belonging to Siluriformes and Ictaluridae, and has the advantages of rich nutrition, tender meat, fresh taste, no intermuscular spines, fast growth rate, large individual, strong environmental adaptability, varied diet, wide temperature adaptation, low oxygen tolerance, strong disease resistance and high catch rate. Channel catfish is a fish with partial meat-eating and omnivorous habits, and has a short intestine and weak digestion and absorption capacity.

[0003] Channel catfish (referred to as catfish) is one of the national breeding varieties. In recent years, with the increasing market demand, the breeding area and yield have been increasing year by year, and the future prospect is good. The main consumption areas of catfish are concentrated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai and other places. Due to different regional consumption habits, the demand for consumption fish is different, mainly three specifications: Chengdu goods (1.2-1.4 kg specifications), general goods (also known as Beijing goods 2.2-2.8 kg / tail) and stupid goods (more than 3 kg specifications). The conventional breeding needs a period of 3 years from the fry stage to the marketable Beijing goods, and the breeding cycle is long, the capital occupation rate is high, the fish price market risk is large, and the benefit is unstable.

[0004] At present, some breeding areas try to shorten the breeding cycle and breed the marketable size (Beijing goods) in the second year to achieve the purpose of improving the overall yield, benefit and capital turnover rate, but are limited by two key points. One is that the feed grade matched by the conventional breeding mode is difficult to achieve, and the single fish in low-density breeding can reach the marketable size but the yield is insufficient, and the single fish in high-density breeding cannot reach the marketable size. The second is that the special high-grade feed matched in the new mode can improve the growth rate, but is prone to fish health problems, mainly manifested in liver syndrome (white liver, flower liver) and other problems, large liver load, and decreased intestinal absorption rate, which affects the breeding feeding rate and growth rate, and finally it is difficult to achieve the purpose of healthy fish sales on the market in two years. Therefore, a new catfish breeding mode is needed, which can not only improve the growth rate of fish, but also ensure the health of fish, realize the change of breeding cycle from three years to two years, shorten the breeding cycle, and finally achieve the purpose of high profit and high capital turnover rate.

[0005] SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a special feed for Ictalurus punctatus, including special feed 1 and special feed 2, and the Ictalurus punctatus is bred by using the special feed, so that the growth speed of the fish is improved, the health of the fish is ensured, the breeding cycle is changed from three years to two years, the breeding cycle is shortened, and the technical effect of high profit is finally achieved.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0008] The present application provides a special feed 1 for Ictalurus punctatus, which comprises the following raw materials in terms of weight fractions: fish meal 10-12 parts, chicken meal 6-8 parts, soybean meal 20-24 parts, rapeseed meal 20-24 parts, cottonseed meal 4-6 parts, rice bran 4-6 parts, wheat 15-20 parts, soybean oil 3-5 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 parts, choline chloride 0.1-0.2 parts, sodium humate 0.05-0.1 parts, lysine 0.2-0.3 parts, methionine 0.05-0.1 parts, fish premix 0.2-0.5 parts, mildew inhibitor 0.05-0.1 parts, compound antioxidant 0.03-0.05 parts, Vc phospholipid 0.05-0.1 parts, and carnitine hydrochloride 0.05-0.1 parts.

[0009] Preferably, the special feed 1 comprises the following raw materials in terms of weight fractions: fish meal 11-12 parts, chicken meal 6-7 parts, soybean meal 21-23 parts, rapeseed meal 20-22 parts, cottonseed meal 5-6 parts, rice bran 4-5 parts, wheat 17-20 parts, soybean oil 4-5 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 parts, choline chloride 0.1-0.2 parts, sodium humate 0.05-0.1 parts, lysine 0.2-0.3 parts, methionine 0.05-0.1 parts, fish premix 0.3-0.5 parts, mildew inhibitor 0.05-0.1 parts, compound antioxidant 0.04-0.05 parts, Vc phospholipid 0.05-0.1 parts, and carnitine hydrochloride 0.05-0.1 parts.

[0010] The present application also provides a special feed 2 for Ictalurus punctatus, which comprises the special feed 1 and the following raw materials in terms of weight fractions: Chinese herbal medicine 0.8-1.2 parts; the Chinese herbal medicine is composed of Astragalus, licorice and peony.

[0011] Preferably, the weight fraction of the Chinese herbal medicine is 0.9-1.1 parts.

[0012] Preferably, the weight ratio of the Astragalus, licorice and peony is 5:3:3.

[0013] The application also provides a preparation method of the special feed, comprising the following steps: mixing all raw materials except soybean oil, then performing ultrafine grinding to obtain a mixture; performing conditioning on the mixture, then performing extrusion expansion at 130-150 DEG C, drying the expanded feed, then spraying soybean oil to obtain the special feed.

[0014] Preferably, the ultrafine grinding is to 95% of the raw materials passing through an 80-mesh screen.

[0015] Preferably, the conditioning is performed by passing water vapor at 90-105 DEG C for 150 s.

[0016] Preferably, the drying is performed by hot air at 80-90 DEG C.

[0017] The application also provides a breeding method of Ictalurus punctatus, feeding the special feed 1 and the special feed 2 to breed Ictalurus punctatus.

[0018] Preferably, the feeding is performed according to the weight of Ictalurus punctatus and water temperature to determine the feeding rate, as shown in Table 1.

[0019] Table 1 Feeding rate of the special feed 1 and 2

[0020] Preferably, in the second year, the special feed 2 is fed from March to April, and the special feed 2 is fed for 7 days every month from May to October, and the special feed 1 is fed in the rest time.

[0021] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The special feed 1 and the special feed 2 can make the breeding cycle of Ictalurus punctatus change from three years to two years, shorten the cycle, reduce the risk of disease, improve the capital turnover, improve the use efficiency of the pond, and increase the benefit per mu by 2055 yuan compared with the conventional mode.

[0023] The special feed of Ictalurus punctatus can promote fat metabolism, repair damaged liver tissue, improve the symptoms of liver whitening, yellowing and swelling during the breeding process, make the liver red and not swollen and elastic, maintain the health of the liver, and make the fish grow healthily. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Fig. 1 is a health degree and dissection diagram of the fish body described in Example 8;

[0025] Fig. 2 is a health degree and dissection diagram of the fish body described in Comparative Example 1;

[0026] Fig. 3 is a liver slice diagram of the fish body described in Example 8;

[0027] Fig. 4 is a diagram of an intestinal section of the fish described in Example 8;

[0028] Fig. 5 is a diagram of a liver section of the fish described in Comparative Example 1;

[0029] Fig. 6 is a diagram of an intestinal section of the fish described in Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application provides a special feed 1 for Ictalurus punctatus, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of fish meal, 6-8 parts of chicken meal, 20-24 parts of soybean meal, 20-24 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-6 parts of cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of rice bran, 15-20 parts of wheat, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1 parts of sodium humate, 0.2-0.3 parts of lysine, 0.05-0.1 parts of methionine, 0.2-0.5 parts of fish premix, 0.05-0.1 parts of mildewproof agent, 0.03-0.05 parts of compound antioxidant, 0.05-0.1 parts of Vc phospholipid, and 0.05-0.1 parts of carnitine hydrochloride.

[0031] In the present application, the special feed 1 for Ictalurus punctatus preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of chicken meal, 22 parts of soybean meal, 20-22 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of cottonseed meal, 5 parts of rice bran, 20 parts of wheat, 4-5 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 parts of choline chloride, 0.1 parts of sodium humate, 0.3 parts of lysine, 0.1 parts of methionine, 0.5 parts of fish premix, 0.05 parts of mildewproof agent, 0.05 parts of compound antioxidant, 0.1 parts of Vc phospholipid, and 0.1 parts of carnitine hydrochloride. In the present application, the Vc phospholipid is preferably 35% Vc phospholipid. In the present application, the fish premix preferably comprises F29M fish premix of trace elements for omnivorous fish and F11V fish premix of vitamins for carnivorous fish, the amount of the F29M fish premix of trace elements for omnivorous fish is preferably 0.1-0.2 parts, and the amount of the F11V fish premix of vitamins for carnivorous fish is preferably 0.1-0.3 parts. The present application is not particularly limited in the specific source of the above raw materials, and the conventional commercially available products can be used.

[0032] The present application also provides a special feed 2 for Ictalurus punctatus, which comprises the special feed 1 described above and the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine; the Chinese herbal medicine is composed of Astragalus, Glycyrrhiza and Paeonia.

[0033] In the special feed 2, the Chinese herbal medicine preferably has a weight fraction of 0.9-1.1, and the weight ratio of the Astragalus, Glycyrrhiza and Paeonia in the Chinese herbal medicine is preferably 5:3:3. The specific source of the Chinese herbal medicine is not particularly limited in the present application, and a conventional commercially available product can be used.

[0034] The present application also provides a preparation method of the special feed, comprising the following steps: mixing all the raw materials except soybean oil, and then performing ultrafine grinding to obtain a mixture; adjusting the quality of the mixture, and then performing extrusion expansion at 130-150°C; drying the expanded feed, and then spraying soybean oil to obtain the special feed.

[0035] In the present application, the ultrafine grinding is preferably performed to 95% of the raw materials passing through an 80-mesh screen. The quality adjustment is preferably performed by passing water vapor at 90-105°C for 150s, and more preferably by passing water vapor at 95-100°C for 150s. In the present application, the temperature of the extrusion expansion is preferably 135-145°C, and more preferably 140-142°C, and the time of the extrusion expansion is preferably 10-15s. In the present application, the hot air temperature of the drying is preferably 80-90°C, and more preferably 82-88°C.

[0036] The present application also provides a breeding method of Ictalurus punctatus, wherein the special feed 1 and the special feed 2 are used to breed Ictalurus punctatus.

[0037] In the breeding method, the feeding is determined according to the weight of Ictalurus punctatus and water temperature, and the specific feeding amount is shown in Table 1, which is not repeated here. In the breeding method, the feeding time of the special feed is preferably as follows: in the second year of breeding, the special feed 2 is fed in March-April, the special feed 2 is fed for 7 days in each month from May to October in the second year of breeding, and the special feed 1 is fed in the remaining breeding time. In the breeding method, the specific breeding method of Ictalurus punctatus is not particularly limited, and the local breeding habits and breeding methods can be used, as long as the special feed 1 and the special feed 2 are fed according to the feeding amount and the feeding time of the present application. The feeding is preferably performed in a stage-wise manner, i.e. “fixed time, fixed point, fixed quality, and fixed amount”, and the special feed is reasonably fed.

[0038] In the culture method, preferably, a small amount of fertilization is applied for several times, the water temperature is lower than 10℃, and general chemical fertilization (for example, phosphorus fertilizer or urea 1-2 kg / mu) is applied to the old pond, and fermented organic fertilizer (for example, chicken manure or cow dung 50-100 kg / mu) can also be applied in the early stage, which is sprayed along the pond after water is mixed in the morning. For the new pond, fermented manure (for example, chicken manure or cow dung 100-150 kg / mu) can be piled up around the pond, and inorganic fertilizer (urea 2-4 kg / mu) is sprayed in the whole pond. When the water temperature is higher than 10℃, amino acid fertilizer water cream (ingredients include polypeptide amino acid, potassium fulvic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound, and the amount is 2 kg / mu) is applied according to the water color, and biological fertilizer (fertilizer water cream 1-2 kg / mu) is used when the water temperature is stable above 16℃. In August, phosphorus fertilizer, superphosphate 500 g / mu and biological fertilizer 1 kg / mu are mainly used.

[0039] The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail below in combination with examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] In the following examples, the conventional methods are used unless otherwise specified.

[0041] In the following examples, the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A special feed for Ictalurus punctatus, which is composed of the following raw materials: fish meal 100 kg, chicken meal 80 kg, soybean meal 240 kg, rapeseed meal 220 kg, cottonseed meal 40 kg, rice bran 40 kg, wheat 200 kg, soybean oil 50 kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 20 kg, choline chloride 1 kg, sodium humate 0.7 kg, lysine 2 kg, methionine 0.5 kg, fish premix 4 kg (consisting of F29M omnivorous fish trace element premix (purchased from Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd.) 2 kg and F11V carnivorous fish vitamin premix (purchased from Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd.) 2 kg), mold inhibitor (purchased from Chongqing Min Tai New Agricultural Science and Technology Development Group Co., Ltd.) 0.5 kg, compound antioxidant (purchased from Jianming (China) Technology Co., Ltd.) 0.3 kg, Vc phospholipid (purchased from Shengyao Group Weiyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 0.5 kg, carnitine hydrochloride (purchased from Guansan Supbio Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.) 0.5 kg.

[0044] The raw materials are weighed accurately, the fish premix, the composite antioxidant, the Vc phospholipid, the carnitine hydrochloride and the calcium dihydrogen phosphate are put into a premixing machine for premixing, the mixing time is 210 seconds, and a mixture 1 is obtained; the remaining raw materials except the soybean oil and the mixture 1 are put into a mixing bin for mixing, the mixing time is 120 seconds, and a mixture 2 is obtained; the mixture 2 is first crushed in a conventional crusher, and then crushed in a super-micro crusher, the crushing fineness of 95% of the raw materials can pass through an 80-mesh screen; then the crushed raw materials are transferred into a modulator for conditioning, water vapor at 90 DEG C is introduced, conditioning is performed for 150 seconds, the expanded feed is extruded by an expander at 130 DEG C for 10 seconds, and the expanded feed is dried in a horizontal dryer, the hot air temperature for drying is 80 DEG C; the corresponding amount of soybean oil is sprayed on the dried feed, and the feed is cooled and bagged.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A special feed for Ietalurus punctatus, which is composed of the following raw materials: fish meal 120 kg, chicken meal 60 kg, soybean meal 220 kg, rapeseed meal 220 kg, cottonseed meal 60 kg, rice bran 45 kg, wheat 190 kg, soybean oil 50 kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 20 kg, choline chloride 2 kg, sodium humate 1 kg, lysine 3 kg, methionine 1 kg, fish premix 5 kg, mildew inhibitor 0.5 kg, composite antioxidant 0.5 kg, Vc phospholipid 1 kg, carnitine hydrochloride 1 kg.

[0047] The raw materials are weighed accurately, the fish premix, the composite antioxidant, the Vc phospholipid, the carnitine hydrochloride and the calcium dihydrogen phosphate are put into a premixing machine for premixing, the mixing time is 210 seconds, and a mixture 1 is obtained; the remaining raw materials except the soybean oil and the mixture 1 are put into a mixing bin for mixing, the mixing time is 120 seconds, and a mixture 2 is obtained; the mixture 2 is first crushed in a conventional crusher, and then crushed in a super-micro crusher, the crushing fineness of 95% of the raw materials can pass through an 80-mesh screen; then the crushed raw materials are transferred into a modulator for conditioning, water vapor at 105 DEG C is introduced, conditioning is performed for 150 seconds, the expanded feed is extruded by an expander at 150 DEG C for 15 seconds, and the expanded feed is dried in a horizontal dryer, the hot air temperature for drying is 90 DEG C; the corresponding amount of soybean oil is sprayed on the dried feed, and the feed is cooled and bagged.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A special feed for Ietalurus punctatus, which is composed of the following raw materials: fish meal 110 kg, chicken meal 70 kg, soybean meal 210 kg, rapeseed meal 240 kg, cottonseed meal 50 kg, rice bran 50 kg, wheat 200 kg, soybean oil 40 kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 18 kg, choline chloride 1.5 kg, sodium humate 0.8 kg, lysine 2.5 kg, methionine 0.8 kg, fish premix 3.5 kg, mould inhibitor 0.7 kg, compound antioxidant 0.4 kg, Vc phospholipid 1 kg, carnitine hydrochloride 0.8 kg.

[0050] Each raw material is accurately weighed according to the amount, the fish premix, compound antioxidant, Vc phospholipid, carnitine hydrochloride and calcium dihydrogen phosphate are put into a premixing machine for premixing, the mixing time is 210 seconds, and mixed material 1 is obtained; the remaining raw materials except soybean oil and mixed material 1 are put into a mixing bin for mixing, the mixing time is 120 seconds, and mixed material 2 is obtained; mixed material 2 is first crushed in a conventional crusher and then in a super-micro crusher, the crushing fineness is that 95% of the raw materials can pass through an 80-mesh screen; then the crushed raw materials are transferred into a conditioner for conditioning, water vapor at 100 ℃ is introduced, conditioning is performed for 150 seconds, the expanded feed is extruded in an expander at 140 ℃ for 13 seconds, and the expanded feed is dried in a horizontal dryer, the hot air temperature for drying is 85 ℃; the corresponding amount of soybean oil is sprayed on the dried feed, and the feed is cooled and bagged.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] A special feed 2 for Ietalurus punctatus, which is composed of the special feed 1 in Example 1 and Chinese herbal medicine 0.8 kg; the weight ratio of Astragalus, licorice and peony in the Chinese herbal medicine is 5:3:3. The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] A special feed 2 for Ietalurus punctatus, which is composed of the special feed 1 in Example 2 and Chinese herbal medicine 1.2 kg; the weight ratio of Astragalus, licorice and peony in the Chinese herbal medicine is 5:3:3. The preparation method is the same as that in Example 2.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] A special feed 2 for Ietalurus punctatus, which is composed of the special feed 1 in Example 3 and Chinese herbal medicine 1.1 kg; the weight ratio of Astragalus, licorice and peony in the Chinese herbal medicine is 5:3:3. The preparation method is the same as that in Example 3.

[0057] Example 7

[0058] In the first year of breeding (seedling period), the special feed 1 of Example 1 is fed; in the second year of breeding, the special feed 2 of Example 4 is fed in March-April, and the special feed 2 of Example 4 is fed regularly for 7 days every month from May to October; and the special feed 1 of Example 1 is fed at other times.

[0059] Feeding management:

[0060] The daily feeding rate of the special feed 1 and the special feed 2 of the spotted catfish is shown in Table 1. When the water temperature is lower than 18℃, the feed is fed once every 2-3 days; when the water temperature is higher than 18℃, the feed is fed twice a day.

[0061] Table 1 Feeding rate of the special feed 1 and 2 of the present application

[0062] Other specific details of the breeding of the spotted catfish can be carried out according to the method of breeding the spotted catfish in the local area.

[0063] Example 8

[0064] The feeding of the spotted catfish is carried out according to the feeding method of Example 7, and the remaining breeding details are as follows:

[0065] Pond selection: The breeding water body requires a pH value of 7-8, a water temperature of 15-32℃, and a dissolved oxygen of not less than 3mg / L. The ammonia nitrogen concentration in the pond during breeding is ≤0.3mg / L, and the nitrite is ≤0.2mg / L.

[0066] Pond treatment: Before releasing the fish, the pond water is drained and thoroughly cleaned, and the pond is cleaned with quicklime. For a pond with a water depth of 1 meter, 200 kg of quicklime is used per mu of water. The quicklime is crushed and then mixed into a slurry before being injected into the new water. The fish fry is released after half a month.

[0067] Release of fry: The first year of water flower (fish fry) is in April, and the water temperature needs to be higher than 18℃. The fry is bred to the end of the year, and the water temperature in the separate pond is not less than 15℃.

[0068] Daily water quality control:

[0069] (1) Insist on small amount and multiple fertilization. When the water temperature is lower than 10℃, mainly apply chemical fertilizer (phosphorus fertilizer 1kg / mu) to the old pond. In the early stage, fermented organic fertilizer (chicken manure 50kg / mu) can be applied. In the morning, mix water along the four sides of the pond and then sprinkle. When the water temperature is higher than 10℃, apply amino acid type fertilizer water cream (ingredients include polypeptide amino acid, potassium fulvic acid, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound, dosage 2kg / mu) according to the water color. When the water temperature is stable above 16℃, cross use biological fertilizer (fertilizer water cream 1kg / mu). After entering August, mainly use phosphorus fertilizer, superphosphate 500g / mu, and biological fertilizer 1kg / mu.

[0070] (2) Water temperature above 15℃, full course regularly (20-25 days) using EM bacteria (mainly on the water bottom), Bacillus (often used in the lower wind, not necessarily all pond splash) and photosynthetic bacteria (increasing the use of frequency in the middle and later stages of breeding, can be used with fertilizer). For nitrite high pond, can use baking soda 1 jin / mu water, afternoon over potassium bisulfate + oxygen tablets (200g / mu water surface), the next day over potassium bisulfate + oxygen tablets (100g / mu water surface), the third day Bacillus + EM bacteria + glucose 1 jin / mu.

[0071] (3) 3-5 months insist on changing the bottom 1-2 times a month, 6-10 months insist on changing the bottom 2-3 times a month, before and after the wintering period each change water, change the bottom, disinfect once, mainly chemical oxygenation bottom change (over potassium bisulfate, content 10%, 500g / mu), 5-10 months can be chemical, biological bottom change (mainly composed of Bacillus subtilis, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and part of zeolite powder as live bacteria carrier, 500g / mu) alternately.

[0072] (4) 4-6 months, water temperature below 25℃, according to the water quality, disinfect as appropriate, mainly with low irritant iodine preparation, after June, disinfect in time according to the situation, should disinfect in time after heavy rain, supplement beneficial bacteria in time after disinfection, be careful to use chlorine dioxide disinfection.

[0073] (5) Regularly detect water quality, including nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, pH, algal phase, dissolved oxygen and other water quality indexes.

[0074] (6) For water quality deterioration is more serious or after wintering, should change the bottom detoxification first and then targeted water.

[0075] The results show that: in the first year, the fry breeding stage, from the water flower (fish fry) to 200-300 tail / 1 kg specification pond continues to breed, the fry density is 0.8-10 thousand tail / mu, using the special feed 1 of the application, the fry specification is about 0.3-0.4 kg / tail at the end of the year, and the yield per mu is 3000-3500 kg / mu.

[0076] In the second year, the adult fish breeding stage, the fry specification of the first year is about 0.3-0.4 kg / tail, the density is 1500-2000 tail / mu, the initial weight of the fry is 600 kg / mu, the special feed 1 and the special feed 2 of the application are fed, the specification is more than 2.2 kg / tail in October, which can be sold on the market, and the yield per mu can reach 3500 kg / mu, the weight gain is 2900 kg / mu, the feed conversion rate (FCR) is 1.5, according to FCR 1.5, 2.175 tons / mu of feed is used, the feed value is 15225 yuan / mu, according to the average market price of 9 yuan / kg, the total benefit is 31500 yuan / mu, and the net benefit per mu can reach 16275 yuan (only considering the cost of feed).

[0077] Comparative example 1

[0078] The difference from Example 8 is only in the composition of the feed fed: fish meal 60 kg, chicken meal 80 kg, soybean meal 250 kg, rapeseed meal 280 kg, rice bran 60 kg, wheat 200 kg, soybean oil 40 kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 17 kg, choline chloride 2 kg, sodium humate 1 kg, lysine 2 kg, methionine 1 kg, fish trace element premix 2 kg, fish vitamin premix 3 kg, mold inhibitor 1 kg, composite antioxidant 0.5 kg, Vc phospholipid-3 0.5 kg. The feeding method is: during the entire breeding period, the feeding rate is carried out according to Table 1 in Example 7, and all the steps of the remaining breeding method are the same as those in Example 8.

[0079] The results are: in the first year, the fry breeding stage, from May to June, the water flowers are raised to 200-300 tails per kilogram of specifications, and the fry density is 0.8-1 million tails per mu, and the commercially available catfish feed is used, and the fry specifications are about 0.15-0.2 kg per tail at the end of the year, and the yield per mu is 1500-2500 kg per mu.

[0080] In the second year, the adult fish breeding stage, the fry of 0.15-0.2 kg per tail from the first year, the density is 1500-2000 tails per mu, the initial weight of the fry is 300 kg per mu, and the average specification is 1.5-1.8 kg per tail in October (2.2 kg per tail or more can be sold), and the yield per mu is 2500 kg per mu, and the feed conversion rate (FCR) is 1.65, and since the fish has not reached the market specification, the stored fish needs to go through winter, and the third year continues to breed. (Assuming that it can be marketed, the per-mu benefit can reach 11610 yuan.)

[0081] In the third year, the adult fish breeding stage, the stored fish (specifications in 1.5-1.8 kg per tail) from the second year continues to be bred, and can reach 2.2 kg per tail or more in July for sale, and the yield per mu can reach 3500 kg, and the feed conversion rate (FCR) is 1.8, and according to the FCR 1.8, 2.88 tons of feed per mu is used, and the feed value is 17280 yuan per mu, and according to the average market price of 9 yuan per kilogram, the total benefit is 31500 yuan per mu, and the net benefit per mu can reach 14220 yuan (only considering the cost of feed).

[0082] The breeding yield and benefit of Example 8 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Tables 2-4.

[0083] Table 2 First year breeding results of Example 8 and Comparative Example 1

[0084] Table 3 Second year breeding results of Example 8 and Comparative Example 1

[0085] Table 4 Comparison results of breeding benefits of Example 8 and Comparative Example 1

[0086] Note: Because the breeding method of Comparative Example 1 did not reach the standard for sale in the second year, the second year of Comparative Example 1 was actually not profitable, and Comparative Example 1 could be sold in the third year, so the benefits of the third year of Comparative Example 1 and the second year of Example 8 were compared.

[0087] As can be seen from the comparison of the breeding results of Comparative Example 1 and Example 8, the use of the special feed 1 and the special feed 2 of the present application shortens the breeding cycle from three years to two years, improves the capital turnover, and improves the use efficiency of the pond mouth, and the per mu benefit is increased by 2055 yuan compared with the conventional mode.

[0088] Example 9

[0089] In both Example 8 and Comparative Example 1, 5 fish samples were randomly taken from the fish bodies of the pond mouth (without disease), and the sample fish were all normal.

[0090] (1) Dissect the liver and intestinal samples.

[0091] The health of the fish body and the dissection diagram of Example 8 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively. As can be seen from the dissection diagram shown in Figure 1, the fish body of Example 8 has no abnormalities, the liver is red, the intestinal tract is healthy and has no obvious congestion, the intestinal wall is thick and strong. As can be seen from Figure 2, the fish body of Comparative Example 1 is basically normal, but the stress reaction is large after sampling, and occasionally the fin bar is red. The liver is slightly yellowish, not red, the intestinal tract is healthy and has no obvious congestion, but the intestinal wall is thin and weak. It can be seen that the health of the liver and intestinal tract of the spotted catfish raised in Example 8 is better than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0092] Microscopic observation of liver and intestinal tissue sections of spotted catfish was carried out by histological method:

[0093] Test method: The sample was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 hours, then dehydrated by placing it in gradient increasing ethanol solutions (70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) for 1 hour each time. The dehydrated liver sample was placed in paraffin with a melting point of about 60°C, and the temperature was controlled at 55-60°C to fully immerse it in paraffin. The embedded liver sample was cooled on a cooling table to solidify the paraffin, and then cut into 3-5 microns by a microtome and transferred to a pre-coated glass slide. The glass slide was placed in a 60°C oven for drying for 3-4 hours.

[0094] The dye was added to the front of the liver section, and the back was covered with a glass slide to complete the preparation. A microscopic imaging system was used for observation and photography. The intestinal test method is the same as that of the liver.

[0095] The liver and intestinal tissue slice images of the fish in the group according to Example 8 are shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. The liver and intestinal tissue slice images of the fish in the group according to Comparative Example 1 are shown in Figures 5 and 6, respectively.

[0096] As shown in Figure 3, under normal circumstances, the liver of the channel catfish is composed of inconspicuous hepatic lobules, and sometimes pancreatic tissue is also observed to be scatteredly distributed in the liver. A central vein can be observed in the lobule, and the central vein has a variable number of red blood cells. The hepatic plates are arranged in an irregular radial pattern around the central vein. The hepatic plates are composed of polygonal hepatocytes. The hepatic blood sinuses are distributed between and within the hepatic plates, and a variable number of red blood cells and a small amount of lymphocytes can be observed in the blood sinuses.

[0097] As shown in Figure 4, under normal circumstances, the intestine of the channel catfish is composed of mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and serosa. The mucosa protrudes into the intestinal lumen to form folds, which are composed of epithelium, lamina propria and mucosal muscle. The epithelium is composed of a large number of absorptive cells and a small number of goblet cells, and the absorptive cells have a striated border on the luminal surface.

[0098] As shown in Figure 5, the hepatocytes of the fish in the group according to Comparative Example 1 are atrophied to different degrees, the blood sinus space is enlarged, a large number of inflammatory cells appear in the blood sinuses, and the structure of the central vein is damaged. As shown in Figure 6, compared with the normal group (Example 8), no obvious abnormalities are observed in the intestine of the group according to Comparative Example 1.

[0099] (2) Biochemical index detection of liver function of the fish according to Example 8 and Comparative Example 1

[0100] The serum was obtained from the blood sample, and the serum analysis was performed according to the instructions of the Mindray automatic blood biochemical analyzer and the matching kit. The total protein, albumin, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (AST), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (ALT), lysozyme, complement C3 and other indexes were detected.

[0101] The detection results of the total protein and albumin in the blood are shown in Table 5.

[0102] Table 5 Detection results of total protein and albumin in the blood of fish in different groups

[0103] The total protein and albumin in the blood reflect the synthesis ability of the liver of the channel catfish. As shown in Table 5, compared with the fish in Example 8 (normal individuals), the average values of the total protein and albumin of the fish in Comparative Example 1 are significantly reduced, which indicates that when the channel catfish in the group according to Comparative Example 1 is sub-healthy, the liver function is impaired, and the protein synthesis ability is decreased.

[0104] The detection results of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (AST) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) are shown in Table 6.

[0105] Table 6 Detection results of AST and ALT in the blood of fish in different groups

[0106] Alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) mainly exist in parenchymal cells such as hepatocytes, and an increase in their activity in blood means that a large amount of related enzyme material enters blood, thereby reflecting that hepatocytes have been damaged. The test results show (Table 6) that the AST and ALT levels in the blood of the individual of Comparative Example 1 are significantly higher than those of Example 8, indicating that the hepatocytes of the individual have been damaged.

[0107] The test results of complement C3 and lysozyme are shown in Table 7.

[0108] Table 7 Test results of complement C3 and lysozyme in fish bodies of different groups

[0109] Complement C3 and lysozyme are important components of the innate immune barrier of the body and are of great significance for defense against exogenous invasion. The test results show (Table 7) that the complement C3 and lysozyme levels of the individual of Comparative Example 1 are significantly lower than those of the individual of Example 8, thereby indicating that the immunity of the individual with the disease is reduced and the individual has a higher risk of being infected.

[0110] From the above results, it can be seen that the liver function of the spotted tail catfish raised in Example 8 is better than that of the individual of Comparative Example 1.

[0111] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A special feed for spotted catfish, characterized in that, The special feed 1 comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-12 parts fish meal, 6-8 parts chicken meal, 20-24 parts soybean meal, 20-24 parts rapeseed meal, 4-6 parts cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts rice bran, 15-20 parts wheat, 3-5 parts soybean oil, 1-2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 parts choline chloride, 0.05-0.1 parts sodium humate, 0.2-0.3 parts lysine, 0.05-0.1 parts methionine, 0.2-0.5 parts fish premix, 0.05-0.1 parts antifungal agent, 0.03-0.05 parts compound antioxidant, 0.05-0.1 parts vitamin C phosphate, and 0.05-0.1 parts carnitine hydrochloride.

2. The special feed 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special feed 1 comprises the following raw materials by weight: 11-12 parts fish meal, 6-7 parts chicken meal, 21-23 parts soybean meal, 20-22 parts rapeseed meal, 5-6 parts cottonseed meal, 4-5 parts rice bran, 17-20 parts wheat, 4-5 parts soybean oil, 1-2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 parts choline chloride, 0.05-0.1 parts sodium humate, 0.2-0.3 parts lysine, 0.05-0.1 parts methionine, 0.3-0.5 parts fish premix, 0.05-0.1 parts antifungal agent, 0.04-0.05 parts compound antioxidant, 0.05-0.1 parts vitamin C phosphate, and 0.05-0.1 parts carnitine hydrochloride.

3. A special feed 2 for spotted catfish, characterized in that, The special feed 2 includes the special feed 1 as described in claim 1 or 2 and the following raw materials by weight: 0.8 to 1.2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine; the traditional Chinese medicine is composed of astragalus, licorice and peony.

4. The special feed 2 according to claim 3, characterized in that, The weight of the Chinese herbal medicine is 0.9 to 1.1 parts.

5. The special feed 2 according to claim 3, characterized in that, The weight ratio of Astragalus membranaceus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Paeonia lactiflora is 5:3:

3.

6. A method for preparing the special feed 1 according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the special feed 2 according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: mixing all raw materials except soybean oil, then pulverizing them into a mixture; conditioning the mixture, then extruding and puffing it at 130-150°C; drying the puffed feed and then spraying it with soybean oil to obtain the special feed.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The raw materials, which are ultra-finely pulverized to 95%, can pass through an 80-mesh sieve.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conditioning process involves introducing water vapor at 90–105°C and conditioning for 150 seconds.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature of the drying hot air is 80-90°C.

10. A method for farming spotted catfish, characterized in that, Spotted catfish are cultured by feeding them with special feed 1 as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 and special feed 2 as described in any one of claims 3 to 5.

11. The aquaculture method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The feeding rate is determined based on the weight of the spotted catfish and the water temperature, specifically as follows:

12. The aquaculture method according to claim 10, characterized in that, During March and April of the second year of breeding, feed the special feed 2 as described in any one of claims 3 to 5. During May to October of the second year of breeding, feed the special feed 2 as described in any one of claims 3 to 5 for 7 days each month. During the remaining breeding time, feed the special feed 1 as described in claim 1 or 2.

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