Intelligent regulation and control system and method for carbon carving cinnabar painting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of artware processing, in particular to an intelligent regulation and control system and method for carbon carving cinnabar painting, and the system comprises a pretreatment module, a spraying module, a detection module and a control module. The pretreatment module is used for sequentially carrying out sand blasting, cleaning and drying treatment on the target drawing surface of the carbon plate; the spraying module completes spraying according to preset parameters; the detection module obtains a spraying surface image and a bonding strength parameter; the control module judges whether the spraying of the carbon plate meets the standard or not according to the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area, and additionally judges on the basis of the curing duration difference value; and if not, determining the reason that the spraying of the carbon plate does not meet the standard according to the mean value of the bonding strength. According to the intelligent regulation and control system, the problem that color difference exists when cinnabar is sprayed on the surface of a carbon carving product due to orientation of a carbon base material is solved, and the painting effect of spraying is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of handicraft processing, and in particular to an intelligent control system and method for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting. Background Art

[0002] As a cultural product that combines traditional craftsmanship with artistic beauty, charcoal carving and cinnabar painting products occupy a certain position in the cultural and art market and decoration field with their unique material texture and the simple and elegant charm created by the cinnabar color, and are deeply loved by consumers.

[0003] Currently, charcoal-carved cinnabar paintings are primarily produced using hand-painting and mechanical spraying. Hand-painting, relying on the artist's exquisite skills and extensive experience, can imbue the work with a unique artistic style and delicate expression, making each piece truly one-of-a-kind. However, hand-painting is inefficient, making it difficult to meet the demands of large-scale production. It also requires extremely high levels of professional expertise from the artist, resulting in high labor costs.

[0004] While mechanical spraying has significantly improved production efficiency, it also faces significant challenges. Due to the oriented nature of the carbon substrate, its surface microstructure is non-uniform. When spraying cinnabar, the adhesion of cinnabar particles varies across regions of the carbon substrate with different orientations. This variation results in uneven distribution of the cinnabar on the carbon substrate, leading to noticeable color variations in the sprayed image. This color variation not only affects the aesthetics of the product and reduces its artistic quality, but also leads to inconsistent product quality, making it difficult to ensure consistent product quality during large-scale production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides an intelligent control system and method for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting, which is used to overcome the problem of color difference when cinnabar is sprayed on the surface of charcoal carving products due to the orientation of the carbon substrate.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting, comprising: a pre-treatment module comprising a sandblasting unit for sandblasting the target drawing surface of the carbon plate, a cleaning unit for cleaning the sandblasted carbon plate, and a drying unit for drying the cleaned carbon plate; A spraying module, connected to the pre-processing module, for spraying the target painting surface of the carbon plate according to a preset spraying flow rate and a preset spraying path; a detection module connected to the spraying module, comprising an image acquisition unit for acquiring an image of the sprayed surface and a strength parameter input unit for acquiring the bonding strength between the sprayed layer and the carbon plate; a control module, which is respectively connected to the detection module, the pre-processing module and the spraying module, and determines whether the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets the preset standard based on the brightness characteristic value of the pre-sprayed area obtained on the target painting surface of the carbon plate, and additionally determines whether the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets the preset standard based on the difference in curing time; and, when it is determined that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard, determines the reason for not meeting the preset standard based on the average value of the bonding strength.

[0007] Furthermore, the control module determines that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets the preset standard in response to the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area being less than the preset brightness characteristic threshold, and determines that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard in response to the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area being greater than or equal to the preset brightness characteristic threshold.

[0008] Furthermore, the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area is the ratio of the brightness difference between the first target point area and the second target point area that have completed the test spraying to a preset brightness threshold; the first target point area and the second target point area are respectively the two preset area areas with the largest brightness difference screened in the carbon plate target painting surface image.

[0009] Furthermore, the control module additionally determines that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard in response to the curing time difference being greater than or equal to the preset curing time difference threshold, and reduces the drying temperature of the drying process of the drying unit according to the ratio between the curing time difference and the preset curing time difference threshold.

[0010] Furthermore, the difference in curing time is the difference in curing time between the first target point area and the second target point area after completing the test spraying.

[0011] Furthermore, the reduction range of the drying temperature is positively correlated with the drying ratio, wherein the drying ratio is a ratio between the curing time difference and a preset curing time difference threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the control module determines the reason for not meeting the preset standard based on the mean value of the bonding strength, wherein: If the bonding strength mean is less than a preset strength threshold, the control module determines that the reason for not meeting the preset standard is that the roughness of the sandblasting process of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard, and increases the sandblasting time of the sandblasting process according to the difference between the preset strength threshold and the bonding strength mean; If the bonding strength mean is greater than or equal to the preset strength threshold, the control module determines that the reason for not meeting the preset standard is that the spray flow rate of the test spray does not meet the preset standard, and increases the spray flow rate of the test spray according to the difference between the bonding strength mean and the preset strength threshold.

[0013] Furthermore, the bonding strength mean value is the average bonding strength value of the first target point area and the second target point area of ​​the test spraying.

[0014] Furthermore, the increase in the sandblasting time of the sandblasting treatment is positively correlated with the sandblasting ratio, wherein the sandblasting ratio is the ratio between the average bonding strength and a preset strength threshold.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an intelligent control method for charcoal carving cinnabar painting, which comprises: Step S1, sandblasting the target painting surface of the carbon plate; Step S2, sequentially cleaning and drying the carbon plate after the sandblasting process; Step S3, collecting an image of the marked image of the carbon plate after the drying process, and dividing the image into a grid with a preset size; Step S4, screening the carbon plate target painting surface image and screening two areas of preset area with the largest brightness difference and marking them as the first target point area and the second target point area; Step S5, performing test spraying on the first target point area and the second target point area; Step S6, obtaining a brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area based on the brightness of the first target point area and the second target point area; Step S7: determining whether the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets a preset standard based on the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the pre-treatment module of the present invention integrates sandblasting, cleaning and drying units, and can perform systematic and standardized pre-treatment on the target painting surface of the carbon plate; the spraying module sprays according to the preset spraying flow and path, and can achieve precise spraying operation; the detection module detects the spraying quality from two dimensions, surface image and bonding strength, through the image acquisition unit and the intensity parameter input unit, respectively, to detect potential quality problems in a timely manner, and provide a reliable basis for subsequent quality control; the control module uses a variety of judgment rules and algorithms based on the data fed back by the detection module to intelligently regulate the spraying process. Whether the spraying meets the standard is determined by the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area, and an additional judgment is made in combination with the curing time difference, so that the spraying quality can be judged more accurately; the reason for non-compliance with the standard is determined according to the bonding strength mean, and the sandblasting time or spraying flow is adjusted in a targeted manner, thereby realizing refined and intelligent management of the spraying process and improving production efficiency and product quality.

[0017] Furthermore, the system of the present invention can automatically reduce the drying temperature based on the ratio of the curing time difference to a preset threshold, and automatically adjust the sandblasting duration or spray flow rate based on the difference between the mean bond strength and a preset threshold, achieving adaptive adjustment of process parameters. This adaptive adjustment mechanism can optimize process parameters in real time based on actual production conditions, ensuring optimal spray quality at all times, while reducing reliance on manual experience and improving the level of production automation.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a complete set of intelligent control processes for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting. From sandblasting, cleaning, drying to spraying, testing and judgment, the standardized process can ensure that each painting is produced according to the same process standards, effectively avoiding quality fluctuations caused by human factors and ensuring the stability and consistency of product quality.

[0019] Furthermore, during the inspection process, the image is divided into grids of preset sizes, and two preset areas with the largest brightness difference are selected as the first and second target areas for test spraying and inspection. This scientific area selection method can more accurately reflect the overall condition of the carbon plate target painting surface, improve the accuracy and reliability of inspection, and help to promptly detect potential quality issues. Based on the brightness of the first and second target areas, the brightness characteristic value of the pre-sprayed area is obtained, and based on this characteristic value, it is quickly determined whether the spraying of the carbon plate target painting surface meets the preset standards. This determination method is simple and efficient, and can make a preliminary judgment on the spraying quality in a short time, providing a basis for subsequent further inspection and processing, thereby improving production efficiency. This method provides specific operating steps and guidance for the implementation of an intelligent control system for carbon-carved cinnabar paintings, enabling the system to operate according to established processes and methods. By integrating this method into the system, automated and intelligent production of carbon-carved cinnabar paintings can be achieved, improving production efficiency and product quality, and reducing production costs.

[0020] This invention, through an intelligent control system and method, effectively addresses the problem of shadows or reflection differences caused by sudden changes in curvature in multi-curved carbon sculptures. Its core principle is to utilize a dual-determination mechanism based on the brightness characteristic value and the average bonding strength of the pre-sprayed area to ensure that the spraying quality meets preset standards. It also dynamically adjusts process parameters to meet the needs of different surface characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention for determining whether the spraying of a target painting surface of a carbon plate meets a preset standard; Figure 3Schematic diagram of the first target point area and the second target point area according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flow chart of an intelligent control method for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1, carbon plate target drawing surface; 11, first target point area; 12, second target point area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, they are respectively a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to an embodiment of the present invention; a flow chart of the embodiment for determining whether the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets the preset standard; a schematic diagram of the first target point area and the second target point area according to the embodiment; and a flow chart of the intelligent control method for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0025] In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting, comprising: a pre-processing module comprising a sandblasting unit for sandblasting the target drawing surface 1 of the carbon plate, a cleaning unit for cleaning the sandblasted carbon plate, and a drying unit for drying the cleaned carbon plate; A spraying module, connected to the pre-processing module, for spraying the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate according to a preset spraying flow rate and a preset spraying path; a detection module connected to the spraying module, comprising an image acquisition unit for acquiring an image of the sprayed surface and a strength parameter input unit for acquiring the bonding strength between the sprayed layer and the carbon plate; A control module is connected to the detection module, the preprocessing module and the spraying module respectively. When it is determined that the spraying of the carbon plate target drawing surface 1 meets the preset standard based on the brightness characteristic value of the pre-sprayed area obtained on the carbon plate target drawing surface 1, it is additionally determined whether the spraying of the carbon plate target drawing surface 1 meets the preset standard based on the difference in curing time. When it is determined that the spraying of the carbon plate target drawing surface 1 does not meet the preset standard, the reason for not meeting the preset standard is determined based on the average value of the bonding strength.

[0026] Specifically, the sandblasting unit of the pre-treatment module is, for example, a rotary disk automatic sandblasting machine, which is not specifically limited, and is used to complete the sandblasting treatment of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate. The cleaning unit of the pre-treatment module is, for example, an electromagnetic induction cleaning machine, which is not specifically limited, and is used to complete the cleaning of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate. The drying unit of the pre-treatment module is, for example, a hot air circulation drying box, which is not specifically limited, and is used to complete the drying treatment of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate. The image acquisition unit of the detection module is, for example, a VIZOLINK 4K ultra-clear binocular camera, which is not specifically limited, and is used to complete the image acquisition of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate. The strength parameter input unit of the detection module is, for example, an adhesion tester, which is not specifically limited, and is used to complete the input of the bonding strength between the spray layer and the carbon plate.

[0027] Specifically, the cinnabar spray material comprises a mixture of cinnabar powder, a binder, such as a starch binder, and water. The weight ratio of the raw materials used in the mixture is 90-110 parts by weight of cinnabar powder, 12-18 parts by weight of the starch binder, and 40-60 parts by weight of the water. The preset spray flow rate can be 1.0-1.5 liters / minute, and in this embodiment, the preset spray flow rate is 1.25 liters / minute. The preset spray path can be set according to the specific spraying process and is not limited in this embodiment.

[0028] Specifically, the control module determines whether the spraying of the carbon plate target painting surface 1 meets the preset standard based on the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area obtained on the carbon plate target painting surface 1, wherein, If the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area is less than the preset brightness characteristic threshold, the control module determines that the spraying of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate meets the preset standard, and additionally determines whether the spraying of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate meets the preset standard based on the curing time difference; If the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area is greater than or equal to the preset brightness characteristic threshold, the control module determines that the spraying of the carbon plate target painting surface 1 does not meet the preset standard, and determines the reason for not meeting the preset standard based on the bonding strength mean.

[0029] Among them, the preset brightness feature threshold is set to 1. It should be pointed out that the data in this embodiment are the results obtained by the system of the present invention through preliminary experimental verification before the operation of this system. The preset values ​​can be adjusted according to the specific usage, as long as the system method of the present invention can clearly define the different specific situations in the single judgment process through the obtained values.

[0030] Specifically, see Figure 3, which is the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area of ​​the present invention, which is the ratio of the brightness difference between the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12 after the test spraying to the preset brightness threshold value 0.35GU; the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12 are respectively the two preset area areas with the largest brightness difference screened in the image of the carbon plate target painting surface 1. It can be understood that after the spraying, cleaning and drying of the carbon plate target painting surface 1, the surface roughness and humidity of the charcoal-carved carbon plate target painting surface 1 tend to be consistent, but due to the different material orientations of the charcoal carving materials, different orientations will affect the absorption capacity of the carbon plate target painting surface 1 for the cinnabar spray liquid during spraying. Therefore, the brightness difference between the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12 is used to characterize the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area to map the difference in material orientation between the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12; wherein, the area of ​​the preset area is the area of ​​a single cell after image segmentation of the carbon plate target painting surface 1 image, which is not specifically limited. In this embodiment, the area of ​​the preset area is 0.5 cm2. The first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12 with the largest brightness difference between the first target point area 11 and the second target screened represent the area with the largest vertical angle deviation between the two cells on the carbon plate target painting surface 1.

[0031] Specifically, in response to the curing time difference being greater than or equal to the preset curing time difference threshold of 3 minutes, the control module additionally determines that the spraying of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard, and reduces the drying temperature of the drying process of the drying unit according to the ratio between the curing time difference and the preset curing time difference threshold.

[0032] Specifically, the difference in curing time is the difference in curing time between the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12 after the test spraying is completed.

[0033] Specifically, the reduction in the drying temperature is positively correlated with the drying ratio, where the drying ratio is the ratio between the curing time difference and a preset curing time difference threshold. It is understood that the positive correlation, such as a linear positive correlation or a nonlinear positive correlation, is not specifically limited. The slope of the linear positive correlation is also not specifically limited and can be set according to actual preparation conditions, as long as the greater the drying ratio, the greater the reduction in the drying temperature. For example, if the reduction in the drying temperature is set to ΔT and the drying ratio is set to ΔΦ, then ΔT = α × ΔΦ, where α is the temperature adjustment coefficient and α is set to 1.03.

[0034] Specifically, the control module determines the reason for not meeting the preset standard based on the mean value of the bonding strength, wherein: If the average bonding strength is less than a preset strength threshold of 0.55 MPa, the control module determines that the reason for not meeting the preset standard is that the roughness of the sandblasting process of the target drawing surface 1 of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard, and increases the sandblasting time of the sandblasting process according to the difference between the preset strength threshold and the average bonding strength; If the bonding strength mean is greater than or equal to the preset strength threshold, the control module determines that the reason for not meeting the preset standard is that the spray flow rate of the test spray does not meet the preset standard, and increases the spray flow rate of the test spray according to the difference between the bonding strength mean and the preset strength threshold.

[0035] Specifically, the average bonding strength is the average bonding strength of the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12 completed by the test spraying.

[0036] Specifically, the increase in the blasting duration of the sandblasting process is positively correlated with the blasting ratio, where the blasting ratio is the ratio of the mean bond strength to a predetermined strength threshold. The increase in the blasting duration can be adjusted by reference to the reduction in the drying temperature, and will not be further elaborated here.

[0037] In another aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent control method for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting, comprising: Step S1, sandblasting the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate; Step S2, sequentially cleaning and drying the carbon plate after the sandblasting process; Step S3, collecting an image of the marked image of the carbon plate after the drying process, and dividing the image into a grid with a preset size; Step S4, screening two areas of preset area with the largest brightness difference in the image of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate and marking them as the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12; Step S5, performing test spraying on the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12; Step S6, obtaining a brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area based on the brightness of the first target point area 11 and the second target point area 12; Step S7: determining whether the spraying of the target painting surface 1 of the carbon plate meets a preset standard based on the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area.

[0038] Thus far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting, characterized in that: include: a pre-treatment module comprising a sandblasting unit for sandblasting the target drawing surface of the carbon plate, a cleaning unit for cleaning the sandblasted carbon plate, and a drying unit for drying the cleaned carbon plate; A spraying module, connected to the pre-processing module, for spraying the target painting surface of the carbon plate according to a preset spraying flow rate and a preset spraying path; a detection module connected to the spraying module, comprising an image acquisition unit for acquiring an image of the sprayed surface and a strength parameter input unit for acquiring the bonding strength between the sprayed layer and the carbon plate; a control module, which is respectively connected to the detection module, the pre-processing module and the spraying module, and determines whether the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets the preset standard based on the brightness characteristic value of the pre-sprayed area obtained on the target painting surface of the carbon plate, and additionally determines whether the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets the preset standard based on the difference in curing time; and, when it is determined that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard, determines the reason for not meeting the preset standard based on the average value of the bonding strength.

2. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control module determines that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets the preset standard in response to the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area being less than the preset brightness characteristic threshold, and determines that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard in response to the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area being greater than or equal to the preset brightness characteristic threshold.

3. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area is the ratio of the brightness difference between the first target point area and the second target point area after the test spraying to the preset brightness threshold; the first target point area and the second target point area are respectively the two preset area areas with the largest brightness difference screened in the carbon plate target painting surface image.

4. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The control module additionally determines that the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard in response to the curing time difference being greater than or equal to the preset curing time difference threshold, and reduces the drying temperature of the drying process of the drying unit according to the ratio between the curing time difference and the preset curing time difference threshold.

5. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The difference in curing time is the difference in curing time between the first target point area and the second target point area after completing the test spraying.

6. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The reduction range of the drying temperature is positively correlated with the drying ratio, wherein the drying ratio is the ratio between the curing time difference and a preset curing time difference threshold.

7. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The control module determines the reason for not meeting the preset standard based on the mean value of the bonding strength, wherein: If the bonding strength mean is less than a preset strength threshold, the control module determines that the reason for not meeting the preset standard is that the roughness of the sandblasting process of the target painting surface of the carbon plate does not meet the preset standard, and increases the sandblasting time of the sandblasting process according to the difference between the preset strength threshold and the bonding strength mean; If the bonding strength mean is greater than or equal to the preset strength threshold, the control module determines that the reason for not meeting the preset standard is that the spray flow rate of the test spray does not meet the preset standard, and increases the spray flow rate of the test spray according to the difference between the bonding strength mean and the preset strength threshold.

8. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The average value of the bonding strength is the average value of the bonding strengths of the first target point area and the second target point area after the test spraying.

9. The intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The increase in the sandblasting time of the sandblasting process is positively correlated with the sandblasting ratio, wherein the sandblasting ratio is the ratio between the average bonding strength and a preset strength threshold.

10. An intelligent control method for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting, based on the intelligent control system for charcoal carving and cinnabar painting according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Step S1, sandblasting the target painting surface of the carbon plate; Step S2, sequentially cleaning and drying the carbon plate after the sandblasting process; Step S3, collecting an image of the marked image of the carbon plate after the drying process, and dividing the image into a grid with a preset size; Step S4, screening the carbon plate target painting surface image and screening two areas of preset area with the largest brightness difference and marking them as the first target point area and the second target point area; Step S5, performing test spraying on the first target point area and the second target point area; Step S6, obtaining a brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area based on the brightness of the first target point area and the second target point area; Step S7: determining whether the spraying of the target painting surface of the carbon plate meets a preset standard based on the brightness characteristic value of the pre-spraying area.

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