Multi-equipment collaborative drift filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore body

Abstract

The invention discloses a gently inclined thin ore body multi-equipment collaborative drift filling mining method, which is characterized in that a chamber is arranged along the trend of an ore body and is divided into an upper section and a lower section, no stud is reserved, and a horizontal strip drift is divided in the chamber along the trend. A turn-back type pseudo-inclined stope slope ramp is arranged in each segmented ore body so as to meet the operation gradient of trackless equipment. And rock drilling, blasting, ore removal and filling processes of different access paths in a single section are operated in a time-space collaborative manner. Mining is carried out on the two sides of the slope ramp of the stope in a staggered-layer mode. High-concentration tailings are adopted for cemented filling after stoping of the first-step stoping access is completed, and waste rock filling is adopted for the second-step stoping access. According to the method, multi-procedure efficient trackless equipment operation is achieved through the pseudo-inclined arrangement principle, intelligent mining is conveniently achieved, and the method has the advantages of being safe in operation, high in efficiency, small in mining preparation work amount and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular relates to a multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for a gently inclined thin ore body. Background Art

[0002] Thin orebodies generally refer to orebodies with a thickness between 0.8m and 4m. Orebodies with a dip angle between 15-25° are considered gently sloping thin orebodies. In underground metal mines, gently sloping thin orebodies are common and complex, making them difficult to mine. This is because the gentle dip prevents ore from collapsing from the stope from being fully released at the bottom by its own weight, making ore handling difficult and necessitating mechanical or manual hauling. Electric rakes are inefficient and labor-intensive. Using high-efficiency mechanical equipment like scrapers limits or even renders them inoperable when the orebody's dip angle exceeds the climbing angle of trackless equipment. Furthermore, due to the small thickness of thin orebodies, stopes are typically small, resulting in low efficiency in shallow hole hauling and a low level of mechanization and intelligent handling.

[0003] To improve mining efficiency in thin ore bodies, utilizing highly efficient mechanized mining equipment is crucial. One key solution is to utilize spatial geometry and trigonometric functions to create pseudo-inclined stope tunnels, thereby reducing the climbing angle required for large trackless equipment such as scrapers. This has led to the development of various mining methods. However, for mining deep, gently sloping, thin ore bodies, or when the roof is relatively fragmented, the exposed area of ​​the stope should be limited. Therefore, route mining is the primary method for mining these complex ore bodies. However, compared to staged or multi-stage (medium- to long-hole) mining, route mining typically involves shallow drilling. While safer, it is less efficient. Furthermore, because route mining can be challenging to ventilate, intelligent equipment and remote control operations should be considered to minimize the number of personnel required. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-equipment collaborative approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies with a high degree of mechanization and intelligence, and with collaborative operation of multiple mining sites and multiple equipment. The method is suitable for the mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies with a thickness of 2.0-4.0m, an inclination of 15-25°, a deep burial depth or poor roof stability. It can effectively improve the mining efficiency of gently inclined thin ore bodies, reduce labor intensity and problems such as lack of coordination of process equipment.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies, which is characterized by comprising: The mine room is arranged along the strike of the ore body and is divided into two sections, upper and lower. Top and bottom pillars are respectively left in the upper and lower sections, and no intermediate pillars are left in the stope. An upper sub-section trackless vein lane is arranged at the top of the upper section, a lower sub-section trackless vein lane is arranged at the bottom of the lower section, and an intermediate vein ventilation lane is arranged between the upper and lower sections. The two ends of the reversible stope ramp in the upper sub-section ore body are connected to the upper sub-section trackless vein lane and the intermediate vein ventilation lane respectively. The two ends of the reversible stope ramp in the lower sub-section ore body are connected to the lower sub-section trackless vein lane and the intermediate vein ventilation lane respectively. Each sub-section mining chamber is divided into horizontal strips for mining access. The access width and height are flexibly adjusted according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of the roof. The mining access is divided into left and right sides by the stope ramp. A chute connecting road and a chute are respectively set up on the same side of the middle of the upper and lower sections. One end of the chute connecting road is connected to the turning point of the stope ramp, and the other end is connected to the chute. The bottom of the chute of the upper and lower sections is connected to the middle section rail transport level road, forming a ore discharge and transportation channel. After the mining and cutting project is completed, mining begins. Trackless equipment and personnel enter the approach working face through the stope ramp. Different approaches in a single section carry out rock drilling, blasting, ore extraction and backfilling collaborative operations simultaneously. Fresh air flows into the production section from the mining area ramp and the stope connecting road, enters the stope approach road through the stope ramp, cleans the working face, and then flows into the segmented trackless along-vein lane, and finally flows into the middle section return air lane for discharge; Mining is carried out on alternate layers on the upper and lower approaches, and staggered mining is carried out on both sides of the ramp of the mining area. During the mining process of the approaches, the roof is supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor rods, hanging mesh, and shotcrete according to the stability level of the surrounding rock. The mining area is filled after mining is completed.

[0006] Specifically, the horizontal angle between the stope ramp and the ore body is controlled at 8-12° according to the pseudo-inclined geometry principle to meet the climbing angle requirements of the trackless equipment.

[0007] Specifically, in terms of space, the drilling, charging, ore extraction and filling processes of the mining process are implemented in different approaches in one segment respectively; in terms of time, in a mining operation cycle, except for blasting and mine ventilation, other processes are carried out simultaneously in different approaches, so that each process is carried out in coordination in time and space, and the upper and lower segments are mined simultaneously.

[0008] Specifically, drilling rigs and scrapers can be equipped with remote control intelligent equipment.

[0009] Specifically, local fans are added to assist ventilation in routes with high dust concentrations and poor ventilation conditions.

[0010] Specifically, after the approach stope is mined, a filling retaining wall is set up at the connection between the approach stope and the stope ramp along the inclination direction of the stope ramp, and the filling pipeline is laid along the stope ramp from the upper middle section into the stope for filling.

[0011] Specifically, after the first-step mining route is mined, high-concentration tailings are used for cementation filling, and the second-step mining route is filled with waste rock.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The mine chamber is arranged along the strike of the ore body, divided into two sections, one above and one below, without any intermediate pillars. Horizontal strip approaches are located within the chamber along the strike. Within each section, a switchback stope ramp is installed to accommodate the slope requirements of the trackless equipment. Drilling, blasting, ore removal, and backfilling processes within each section are coordinated in time and space, with each approach mining alternately above and below. Staggered mining is performed on both sides of the stope ramp, enabling efficient, multi-step intelligent operation of trackless equipment. This delivers operational safety, high efficiency, and minimal mining effort.

[0013] The present invention is particularly suitable for mining gently inclined thin ore bodies with a thickness of 2.0-4.0m, an inclination of 15-25°, a deep burial depth or poor roof stability. It can effectively improve the mining efficiency of gently inclined thin ore bodies and reduce problems such as high labor intensity and incoordination of process equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the BB direction; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of CC direction; Among them: 1. Lower segment trackless lane along the vein; 2. Stope ramp; 3. Bottom pillar; 4. Ore body; 5. Chute connecting road; 6. Lower segment chute; 7. Top pillar; 8. Middle vein ventilation lane; 9. Approach filling retaining wall; 10. Upper segment chute; 11. Mining approach; 12. Middle section return air lane; 13. Upper segment trackless lane along the vein; 14. Waste rock; 15. Tailings cemented filling body; 16. Blast hole; 17. Collapsed ore; 18. Drilling rig; 19. Scraper; 20. Rail transport lane; 21. Stope connecting road; 22. Mining area ramp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0018] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0019] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 A multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies comprises the following steps: S1. The mine chamber is arranged along the strike of ore body 4 and is divided into two sections, upper and lower. Top and bottom pillars are installed in each section, and no intermediate pillars are left within the stope. The length of the mine chamber is 80m-120m, and the width is the thickness of the ore body. Based on the mid-section height of 50-60m, the mine chamber height is the section height of 25-30m. The width of the top pillar 7 of the mine chamber is 3m, and the width of the bottom pillar 3 is 3m. The mine chamber is divided into horizontal access routes for intermittent mining, with access route widths of 4-6m. The access route width can be adjusted based on the stability of the regional ore body roof. A stope ramp 2 is installed within the ore block, located within the ore body 4, and arranged in a zigzag pattern in the upper and lower sections.

[0020] S2, alignment and cutting The mining approval project primarily includes mining area ramps 22, stope connecting roads 21, stope ramp 2, upper sub-level trackless vein drift 13, lower sub-level trackless vein drift 1, middle vein ventilation drift 8, lower sub-level chute 6, upper sub-level chute 10, chute connecting roads 5, middle return air drift 12, and rail-guided transport drift 20. Upper and lower sub-level trackless vein drifts are excavated within the vein along the strike of the ore body, serving as the primary access routes for personnel, equipment, and materials in the stope. Stope ramp 2 is constructed within the mine chamber via the intra-vein trackless vein drifts. The horizontal angle between stope ramp 2 and the ore body strike is controlled at 8-12° based on pseudo-inclined geometry to meet the climbing angle requirements of the trackless equipment. At the turning point of the lower segmented stope ramp 2, a lower segmented chute 6 is constructed through a lower segmented chute connecting road 5. Similarly, at the turning point of the upper segmented stope ramp, an upper segmented chute 10 is constructed through an upper segmented chute connecting road.

[0021] An upper segment trackless vein lane 13 is arranged at the top of the upper segment, a lower segment trackless vein lane 1 is arranged at the bottom of the lower segment, and an intermediate vein ventilation lane 12 is arranged between the upper and lower segments. The two ends of the reversible stope ramp 2 located in the upper segment ore body are respectively connected to the upper segment trackless vein lane 13 and the intermediate vein ventilation lane 12. The two ends of the reversible stope ramp located in the lower segment ore body are respectively connected to the lower segment trackless vein lane 1 and the intermediate vein ventilation lane 12. Each segmented mine room is divided into horizontal strips for mining access 11. The access width and height are flexibly adjusted according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of the roof. The mining ramp 2 cuts the mining access 11 into left and right sides, and a chute connecting road and a chute are respectively set on the same side of the access in the middle of the upper and lower segments. The two ends of the chute connecting road are respectively connected to the mining ramp 2 and the chute. The bottom of the chute of the upper and lower segments is connected to the middle section rail transport level tunnel 20, forming a mining and transportation channel.

[0022] S3. Each sub-section chamber is divided into horizontal strip mining routes 11. The route width and height are flexibly adjusted according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of the roof; S4. After the mining and cutting project is completed, mining begins. Trackless equipment and personnel enter the approach working face through the stope ramp 2. Different approaches in a single section carry out coordinated operations of rock drilling, blasting, ore extraction and filling at the same time.

[0023] In terms of space, the drilling, charging, ore removal and filling processes of the mining process are implemented in different approaches in one section respectively; in terms of time, in a mining operation cycle, except for blasting and ventilation of the mine, other processes are carried out simultaneously in different approaches, so that each process is carried out in coordination in time and space, and the equipment utilization rate is optimized. In order to improve production capacity and efficiency, the upper and lower sections can be mined simultaneously, and a drilling rig 18 is used to drill blast holes 16 in the mining approach 11. Explosives are installed in the blast holes 16 to collapse the ore, and the collapsed ore 17 is transported out of the mine by a scraper 19. The drilling rig 18 and the scraper 19 are remote-controlled intelligent equipment.

[0024] Fresh air flows into the production section from the mining area ramp 22 and the mining connecting road, enters the mining access road through the mining ramp 2, and flows into the segmented trackless along-vein level tunnel after cleaning the working face, and finally flows into the middle section return air tunnel 12 for discharge. Local fans are added to assist ventilation in the access roads with high dust concentration and poor ventilation conditions.

[0025] S5: Mining is carried out on alternate levels, with staggered mining on both sides of the ramp. During mining, the roof is supported using bolts, mesh, and shotcrete, either singly or in combination, depending on the stability of the surrounding rock. After mining is complete, the stope is backfilled.

[0026] After the mining of the access stope is completed, a filling retaining wall 9 is set up along the inclination direction of the stope ramp at the connection between the access stope and the stope ramp, and the filling pipeline is laid along the stope ramp from the upper middle section into the stope for filling. After the mining of the first-step access stope is completed, high-concentration tailings cemented filling body 15 is used for filling, and waste rock 14 is used for filling the second-step access stope.

[0027] The mine room of the present invention is arranged along the strike of the ore body and divided into two upper and lower sections without leaving any intermediate pillars. The mine room is divided into horizontal strip approaches along the strike. A return stope ramp is provided in each segmented ore body to meet the operating slope of the trackless equipment. The rock drilling, blasting, ore removal and filling processes of different approaches in a single segment are coordinated in time and space. This method can realize multi-process efficient trackless equipment operation, and has the advantages of safe operation, high efficiency and small mining engineering workload. It is particularly suitable for the mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies with a thickness of 2.0-4.0m, an inclination of 15-25°, a deep burial depth or poor roof stability. It can effectively improve the mining efficiency of gently inclined thin ore bodies, reduce labor intensity and the lack of coordination of process equipment, and other problems.

[0028] Unless otherwise stated, for any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, if a numerical range is disclosed, the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Any person skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is merely a numerical range that is representative or has a more obvious technical effect among many feasible numerical values. Due to the large number of numerical values, it is impossible to enumerate them exhaustively. Therefore, the present invention discloses some numerical values ​​to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. Moreover, the numerical values ​​listed above should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] At the same time, if the above-mentioned invention discloses or involves components or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (for example, using bolts or screws to connect), and can also be understood as: a non-detachable fixed connection (for example, riveting, welding). Of course, the mutual fixed connection can also be replaced by an integrated structure (for example, manufactured by a casting process) (except where it is obviously impossible to use an integrated forming process).

[0030] In addition, unless otherwise stated, terms used in any of the technical solutions disclosed herein to represent positional relationships or shapes include states or shapes that are similar, analogous, or approximate. Any component provided by the present invention may be assembled from multiple separate components or may be a single component manufactured using an integral molding process.

[0031] The above embodiments are merely examples to clearly illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit its implementation. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to provide an exhaustive list of all embodiments. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies, characterized in that: include: The mine room is arranged along the strike of the ore body and is divided into two sections, upper and lower. Top and bottom pillars are respectively left in the upper and lower sections, and no intermediate pillars are left in the stope. An upper sub-section trackless vein lane is arranged at the top of the upper section, a lower sub-section trackless vein lane is arranged at the bottom of the lower section, and an intermediate vein ventilation lane is arranged between the upper and lower sections. The two ends of the reversible stope ramp in the upper sub-section ore body are connected to the upper sub-section trackless vein lane and the intermediate vein ventilation lane respectively. The two ends of the reversible stope ramp in the lower sub-section ore body are connected to the lower sub-section trackless vein lane and the intermediate vein ventilation lane respectively. Each sub-section mining chamber is divided into horizontal strips for mining access. The access width and height are flexibly adjusted according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of the roof. The mining access is divided into left and right sides by the stope ramp. A chute connecting road and a chute are respectively set up on the same side of the middle of the upper and lower sections. One end of the chute connecting road is connected to the turning point of the stope ramp, and the other end is connected to the chute. The bottom of the chute of the upper and lower sections is connected to the middle section rail transport level road, forming a ore discharge and transportation channel. After the mining and cutting project is completed, mining begins. Trackless equipment and personnel enter the approach working face through the stope ramp. Different approaches in a single section carry out rock drilling, blasting, ore extraction and backfilling collaborative operations simultaneously. Fresh air flows into the production section from the mining area ramp and the stope connecting road, enters the stope approach road through the stope ramp, cleans the working face, and then flows into the segmented trackless along-vein lane, and finally flows into the middle section return air lane for discharge; Mining is carried out on alternate layers on the upper and lower approaches, and staggered mining is carried out on both sides of the ramp of the mining area. During the mining process of the approaches, the roof is supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor rods, hanging mesh, and shotcrete according to the stability level of the surrounding rock. The mining area is filled after mining is completed.

2. The multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for a gently inclined thin ore body according to claim 1 is characterized by: The horizontal angle between the stope ramp and the ore body is controlled at 8-12° based on the pseudo-inclined geometry principle to meet the climbing angle requirements of the trackless equipment.

3. The multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized by: In terms of space, the drilling, charging, ore removal and filling processes of the mining process are carried out separately in different approaches in one segment; in terms of time, in one mining operation cycle, except for blasting and mine ventilation, other processes are carried out simultaneously in different approaches, so that each process is carried out in coordination in time and space, and the upper and lower segments are mined simultaneously.

4. The multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized by: Remote control intelligent equipment is available for drilling rigs and loaders.

5. The multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized by: Add local fans to assist ventilation in routes with high dust concentration and poor ventilation conditions.

6. The multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized by: After the approach stope is mined, a filling retaining wall is set up along the inclination direction of the stope ramp at the connection between the approach stope and the stope ramp, and the filling pipeline is laid along the stope ramp from the upper middle section into the stope for filling.

7. The multi-equipment coordinated approach filling mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized by: After the first-step mining route is mined, high-concentration tailings are used for cementation filling, while the second-step mining route is filled with waste rock.

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