Multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor rod device for rockburst disaster prevention and control and mounting method of multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor rod device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor rod device for rockburst disaster prevention and control and an installation method. The device comprises an energy absorption unit and a free section unit, wherein the energy absorption unit is fixedly connected with the free section unit; the energy absorption unit comprises a double-layer sleeve, a hydraulic piston, a crumple energy absorption structure and a high-strength spring, wherein the double-layer sleeve comprises an energy absorption outer wall and an energy absorption inner wall, and a gap between the energy absorption outer wall and the energy absorption inner wall forms a containing space to contain damping liquid. An energy absorption cavity is formed in the energy absorption inner wall, the hydraulic piston, the high-strength spring and the crumple energy absorption structure are sequentially arranged in the energy absorption cavity in a series connection mode, the damping liquid and the self-resetting performance of the high-strength spring can be used for coping with multi-time rock burst impact, and excessive impact energy can be absorbed through the crumple energy absorption structure so as to coping with rock burst with higher impact force. The anchor rod device provided by the invention can spontaneously deform when rockburst occurs, so that rockburst energy is dissipated, and rockburst harmfulness is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rock burst disaster prevention and control, and in particular relates to a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor rod device for rock burst disaster prevention and control and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During deep underground engineering construction, rock masses undergo continuous deformation and destruction under the influence of complex geological environments and high in-situ stresses. During this process, numerous microscopic cracks continuously form and expand within the rock, accompanied by the continuous accumulation of enormous elastic strain energy. When the energy accumulated within the surrounding rock exceeds its bearing capacity, this energy is suddenly released, rapidly propagating through the rock mass in the form of high-frequency stress waves, triggering highly destructive rockbursts. Rockbursts, one of the most threatening geological hazards in deep rock engineering, have complex mechanisms, immense destructive power, and are difficult to predict. The sudden release of rockbursts not only causes widespread spalling and collapse of the surrounding rock, seriously threatening the lives of construction workers, but also causes devastating damage to construction equipment, leading to significant delays in project progress and significant economic losses. As my country's infrastructure construction progresses toward deeper and more complex geological conditions, projects such as deep, long tunnels, deep mines, and large underground cavern complexes are increasing. Rockburst prevention and control has become a key technical challenge hindering the safe and efficient construction of deep rock engineering projects. Traditional rigid anchor bolts often break and fail due to their inability to adapt to the enormous energy released by rockbursts. Against this backdrop, energy-absorbing anchor bolts have emerged as a new support technology, providing an effective solution to the problem of surrounding rock stability under extreme stress conditions.

[0003] Given the energy dissipation disadvantages and failure characteristics of conventional anchor bolts, energy-dissipating seismic anchor bolts have emerged as a new support technology that can adapt to rock deformation and provide sustainable support resistance. The scientific configuration and effective installation of energy-dissipating seismic anchor bolts are critical to ensuring the efficient operation of the support system. Currently, energy-dissipating seismic anchor bolt installation configurations are primarily divided into two categories: non-self-resetting and self-resetting.

[0004] The non-self-resetting installation method mainly relies on the large deformation of the anchor material or structure to achieve pressure dissipation and yield under load, including various types of pressure-dissipating energy-dissipating anchors such as Cone anchors, Durabar anchors, and constant resistance large deformation anchors. This installation method permanently fixes the energy-dissipating anchor rods inside the surrounding rock and absorbs the deformation energy of the surrounding rock through plastic deformation of the material or yielding of the structure. Although this method can achieve better large deformation characteristics and is suitable for deep soft rock support projects, the anchor rods undergo irreversible deformation during the energy dissipation process and cannot achieve effective deformation recovery after the load disappears. As a result, the anchor rods find it difficult to maintain good seismic resistance after being subjected to multiple dynamic loads, resulting in low equipment utilization and serious waste of resources.

[0005] Self-resetting installation methods mainly include two categories: material-based self-resetting and structural-based self-resetting. Among them, material-based self-resetting installation usually installs energy dissipation components such as springs, pressure-relieving tubes / rings, and special trays at different positions on the anchor rod, relying on the elastic deformation of these materials to achieve energy dissipation and deformation recovery functions. In this method, since the energy dissipation components are mostly arranged outside the anchor hole or at the anchor head, the energy dissipation signal needs to go through multiple transmission links, which is prone to energy loss and response lag. In addition, the deformation of the energy dissipation components is limited. Relying solely on the elastic force provided by the limited deformation of the material itself, it is impossible to achieve large deformation recovery after the load disappears, and the monitoring effect is poor. The structural self-resetting installation method usually utilizes energy dissipation structures such as sleeves and wedge blocks, anchor points and variable diameter rods to hold these components tightly and contact them with the surrounding rock. The energy dissipation effect is achieved through the variable diameter extrusion and relative sliding between the internal devices of the structure. This method requires the use of special tools to precisely operate the energy dissipation structure in the anchor hole. It cannot be directly observed and adjusted, and the operation efficiency is low and the time is long. Furthermore, the contact area between the slipped wedges is uneven, making them susceptible to wear under seismic loads. Deformation recovery is difficult and limited. The tight connection between different construction processes prevented sufficient time to install the complex energy-dissipating anchor system.

[0006] Furthermore, the energy dissipation components of existing energy dissipation anchors are mostly located outside or at the bottom of the anchor hole. This arrangement makes sealing and protecting the anchor head difficult, complicates construction, and hinders the effectiveness of the energy dissipation components due to grouting. Slope rock mass subjected to dynamic loads such as strong earthquakes and blasting differs from surrounding rock in deep underground projects. These differences in mechanical action mechanisms lead to significant differences in the mechanical response characteristics of anchors, making existing energy dissipation anchors unable to effectively adapt to the dynamic deformation characteristics of the rock mass.

[0007] Therefore, the development of a new multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device that can accurately and efficiently respond to surrounding rock deformation, achieve multi-stage energy dissipation and seismic resistance, is easy to install, and combines the advantages of self-resetting and non-self-resetting anchors has important practical significance and engineering value for protecting against different levels of rock burst disasters. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device and an installation method for rock burst disaster prevention, so as to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention and control, the device comprising an energy absorption unit and a free section unit, the energy absorption unit and the free section unit are coaxially arranged, and the energy absorption unit is fixedly connected to the free section unit; the energy absorption unit comprises: a double-layer sleeve, the double-layer sleeve comprises an energy absorption outer wall and an energy absorption inner wall, the gap between the energy absorption outer wall and the energy absorption inner wall forms an accommodating space, the accommodating space is used to accommodate damping liquid; the interior of the energy absorption inner wall constitutes an energy absorption cavity, the energy absorption outer wall is fixedly connected to the free section unit; a hydraulic piston, the hydraulic piston is arranged at the top of the energy absorption cavity; a collapse energy absorption structure, the collapse energy absorption structure is arranged at the bottom of the energy absorption cavity; a high-strength spring, one end of the high-strength spring is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston, and the other end of the high-strength spring is fixedly connected to the collapse energy absorption structure.

[0010] In the first aspect, a plurality of damping holes are provided on the energy absorbing inner wall, and the damping liquid fills the energy absorbing cavity through the damping holes.

[0011] In the first aspect, the energy absorption unit also includes a spiral anchor rod, which is coaxially arranged with the high-strength spring, one end of the spiral anchor rod is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston, and the other end of the spiral anchor rod passes through the collapse energy absorption structure, the energy absorption outer wall and is fixedly connected to the free section unit.

[0012] In the first aspect, the free section unit includes: a straight anchor rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the energy-absorbing outer wall via a connecting bolt; and a fixing member, which is arranged outside the drilled hole and fixedly connected to the other end of the straight anchor rod.

[0013] In the first aspect, the fixing member includes an anchoring plate and a fixing bolt, the outer diameter of the anchoring plate is larger than the diameter of the drill hole, the anchoring plate is located between the drill hole and the fixing bolt, and the other end of the straight anchor rod passes through the anchoring plate and is fixedly connected to the fixing bolt.

[0014] In the first aspect, the diameter of the straight anchor is smaller than the diameter of the borehole.

[0015] In the first aspect, the device further comprises a sealing rubber ring, which is arranged around the hydraulic piston to abut against the energy-absorbing inner wall.

[0016] In the first aspect, the gap distance between the energy-absorbing outer wall and the energy-absorbing inner wall is ≤0.5 mm.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention provides an installation method for a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention and control as described in the first aspect, the installation method comprising: drilling a hole on a rock wall; assembling an energy absorption unit, opening a plurality of damping holes on an inner wall of the energy absorption unit, and filling a damping liquid in the accommodating space so that the damping liquid fills the energy absorption cavity through the damping holes; arranging a spiral anchor in the energy absorption cavity, the spiral anchor being coaxially arranged inside a high-strength spring, and one end of the spiral anchor being fixedly connected to a hydraulic piston, and the other end of the spiral anchor being fixedly connected to a hydraulic piston. Pass through the collapse energy absorption structure, the energy absorption outer wall and the free section unit for fixed connection; connect and fix the energy absorption unit and the free section unit, the free section unit includes a straight anchor rod, and one end of the straight anchor rod is fixedly connected to the energy absorption outer wall through a connecting bolt; push the energy absorption unit into the borehole through the other end of the straight anchor rod, and inject cement mortar into the borehole to fill the gap between the device and the inner wall of the borehole; pass the other end of the straight anchor rod through the other end of the straight anchor rod and fix the anchor plate on the rock wall, and set an anchor bolt at the other end of the straight anchor rod to fix the anchor plate.

[0018] In the second aspect, the diameter of the straight anchor rod is smaller than the diameter of the borehole, and the diameter of the straight anchor rod is smaller than the diameter of the energy-absorbing inner wall.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention and control, including an energy absorption unit and a free section unit. The energy absorption unit and the free section unit are coaxially arranged, and the energy absorption unit is fixedly connected to the free section unit; the free section unit is used to push the energy absorption unit into the borehole, and the energy absorption unit is used to eliminate the impact energy generated when the rock burst occurs. The energy absorption unit includes a double-layer sleeve, a hydraulic piston, a collapsible energy absorption structure, and a high-strength spring. The double-layer sleeve includes an energy absorption outer wall and an energy absorption inner wall. The gap between the energy absorption outer wall and the energy absorption inner wall forms a accommodating space for accommodating a damping liquid. The interior of the energy absorption inner wall forms an energy absorption cavity. The hydraulic piston is disposed at the top of the energy absorption cavity, and the collapsible energy absorption structure is disposed at the bottom of the energy absorption cavity. One end of the high-strength spring is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston, and the other end is fixedly connected to the collapsible energy absorption structure. The high-strength spring connects the hydraulic piston and the collapsible energy absorption structure, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect of the energy absorption unit. The self-resetting performance of the high-strength spring can be used to cope with multiple rock burst impacts. The collapsible energy absorption structure absorbs excess impact energy to prevent the anchor bolt in the device from breaking and failing. The present invention secures the device by fixedly connecting the energy absorption unit and the free section unit. At the same time, the series arrangement of the hydraulic piston, high-strength spring, and collapsible energy absorption structure achieves a multi-stage energy dissipation effect, thereby coping with different levels of rock burst disasters and extending the service life of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention in the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-section at AA; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-section at the middle BB; Reference numerals: 1. Energy-absorbing outer wall; 2. Energy-absorbing inner wall; 3. Damping liquid; 4. Hydraulic piston; 5. Collapse energy-absorbing structure; 6. High-strength spring; 7. Damping hole; 8. Spiral anchor rod; 9. Straight anchor rod; 10. Connecting bolt; 11. Anchor plate; 12. Fixing bolt; 13. Sealing rubber ring; 14. Cement mortar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1 See also Figure 1-3 The present invention provides a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention and control, the device comprising an energy absorption unit and a free section unit, the energy absorption unit and the free section unit are coaxially arranged, and the energy absorption unit is fixedly connected to the free section unit; the energy absorption unit comprises: a double-layer sleeve, the double-layer sleeve comprises an energy absorption outer wall 1 and an energy absorption inner wall 2, the gap between the energy absorption outer wall 1 and the energy absorption inner wall 2 forms an accommodating space, the accommodating space is used to accommodate a damping liquid 3; the interior of the energy absorption inner wall 2 constitutes an energy absorption cavity, the energy absorption outer wall 1 is fixedly connected to the free section unit; a hydraulic piston 4, the hydraulic piston 4 is arranged at the top of the energy absorption cavity; a collapse energy absorption structure 5, the collapse energy absorption structure 5 is arranged at the bottom of the energy absorption cavity; a high-strength spring 6, one end of the high-strength spring 6 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston 4, and the other end of the high-strength spring 6 is fixedly connected to the collapse energy absorption structure 5.

[0024] Specifically, the present invention provides a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention and control, including an energy absorption unit and a free section unit. The energy absorption unit and the free section unit are coaxially arranged, and the energy absorption unit is fixedly connected to the free section unit; the free section unit is used to push the energy absorption unit into the borehole, and the energy absorption unit is used to eliminate the impact energy generated when the rock burst occurs. The energy absorption unit includes a double-layer sleeve, a hydraulic piston 4, a collapse energy absorption structure 5 and a high-strength spring 6. The double-layer sleeve includes an energy absorption outer wall 1 and an energy absorption inner wall 2. The gap between the energy absorption outer wall 1 and the energy absorption inner wall 2 forms an accommodating space for accommodating the damping liquid 3; the interior of the energy absorption inner wall 2 constitutes an energy absorption cavity, the hydraulic piston 4 is arranged at the top of the energy absorption cavity, and the collapse energy absorption structure 5 is arranged at the bottom of the energy absorption cavity. One end of the high-strength spring 6 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston 4, and the other end is fixedly connected to the collapse energy absorption structure 5. The hydraulic piston 4 and the collapse energy absorption structure 5 are connected by the high-strength spring 6 to improve the energy dissipation effect of the energy absorption unit. The self-resetting performance of the high-strength spring 6 can be used to cope with multiple rock burst impacts, and the collapse energy absorption structure 5 is used to absorb excess impact energy to prevent the anchor rod in the device from breaking and failing. The present invention fixes the device by fixedly connecting the energy absorbing unit and the free section unit, and at the same time uses the series arrangement of the hydraulic piston 4, the high-strength spring 6 and the collapse energy absorbing structure 5 to achieve a multi-stage energy dissipation effect, thereby coping with different levels of rock burst disasters and extending the service life of the device.

[0025] It should be noted that the collapse energy absorption structure 5 has a honeycomb structure, which can effectively absorb energy and undergo plastic deformation; the double-layer sleeve, hydraulic piston 4, spiral anchor rod 8 and straight anchor rod 9 are all made of high-strength steel to improve the mechanical properties and durability of the device.

[0026] In some possible implementations, a plurality of damping holes 7 are provided on the energy absorbing inner wall 2 , and the damping liquid 3 fills the energy absorbing cavity through the damping holes 7 .

[0027] Specifically, a plurality of damping holes 7 are opened on the energy-absorbing inner wall 2, so that the damping liquid 3 in the accommodating space can fill the energy-absorbing cavity through the damping holes 7, and the viscous resistance of the damping liquid 3 is used to achieve energy consumption and motion buffering. In combination with the damping holes 7, the local liquid flow area is changed to achieve pressure regulation in the accommodating space and the energy-absorbing cavity. By jointly setting the damping liquid 3 and the damping holes 7 and combining with the hydraulic piston 4, the function of self-resetting after eliminating the rock burst impact energy is achieved, thereby extending the service life of the device.

[0028] In some possible embodiments, the energy absorption unit further includes a spiral anchor rod 8, which is coaxially arranged with the high-strength spring 6, one end of the spiral anchor rod 8 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston 4, and the other end of the spiral anchor rod 8 passes through the collapse energy absorption structure 5, the energy absorption outer wall 1 and is fixedly connected to the free section unit.

[0029] In the present application, the energy absorption unit also includes a spiral anchor rod 8, which is coaxially arranged with the high-strength spring 6 and arranged inside the high-strength spring 6. One end of the spiral anchor rod 8 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston 4, and the other end passes through the collapse energy absorption structure 5 and the energy absorption outer wall 1 and is fixedly connected to the free section unit; so that when a rock burst occurs, the free section unit drives the hydraulic piston 4 to move through the spiral anchor rod 8, thereby compressing the high-strength spring 6 to perform the first stage of energy dissipation, and the damping liquid 3 flows in the accommodating space and the energy absorption cavity through the damping hole 7 to produce a damping energy dissipation effect, thereby achieving the second stage of energy dissipation. The high-strength compression spring and the damping liquid 3 can both deform and recover after energy dissipation, and can cope with multiple medium-intensity rock burst impacts; when a strong rock burst occurs in the surrounding rock, the impact energy exceeds the energy absorption capacity of the high-strength spring 6 and the damping liquid 3, and the collapse energy absorption structure 5 begins to undergo plastic deformation, performing the third stage of energy dissipation, absorbing the huge impact energy that the high-strength spring 6 and the damping liquid 3 cannot absorb, preventing the anchor rod from breaking and failing, and then achieving a multi-stage series energy dissipation effect.

[0030] In some possible embodiments, the free section unit includes: a straight anchor rod 9, one end of which is fixedly connected to the energy-absorbing outer wall 1 through a connecting bolt 10; and a fixing member, which is arranged outside the drilled hole and fixedly connected to the other end of the straight anchor rod 9.

[0031] In this application, the free section unit includes a straight anchor rod 9 and a fixing part. One end of the straight anchor rod 9 is fixedly connected to the energy-absorbing outer wall 1 through a connecting bolt 10, and the other end is fixed to the outside of the borehole through a fixing part, thereby fixing the free section unit to the surrounding rock wall to achieve the effect of surrounding rock support.

[0032] In some possible embodiments, the fixing member includes an anchoring plate 11 and a fixing bolt 12, the outer diameter of the anchoring plate 11 is larger than the diameter of the drill hole, the anchoring plate 11 is located between the drill hole and the fixing bolt 12, and the other end of the straight anchor rod 9 passes through the anchoring plate 11 and is fixedly connected to the fixing bolt 12.

[0033] In this application, the fixings include an anchor plate 11 and fixing bolts 12. The anchor plate 11 passes through the other end of the straight anchor rod 9 and is fixed to the drill hole. The outer diameter of the anchor plate 11 is larger than the diameter of the drill hole, so that the anchor plate 11 abuts against the rock wall, which can effectively transmit the deformation force of the surrounding rock. The fixing bolts 12 are installed on the outside of the anchor plate 11 to strengthen the fixing ability of the straight anchor rod 9 and the anchor plate 11 in the drill hole. Specifically, the outer diameter of the anchor plate is 3-5 mm larger than the diameter of the drill hole.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the diameter of the straight anchor rod 9 is smaller than the diameter of the drill hole.

[0035] In the present application, the diameter of the straight anchor rod 9 is smaller than the diameter of the borehole, so that the straight anchor rod 9 pushes the energy absorbing unit into the borehole without getting stuck in the borehole, thereby improving the installation efficiency of the device; in a more specific embodiment, a gap of 3-5 mm is left between the outer side of the straight anchor rod 9 and the borehole wall. After the installation of the straight anchor rod 9 is completed, cement mortar 14 is injected into the borehole to fix the device.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the device further includes a sealing rubber ring 13 , which is disposed around the hydraulic piston 4 to abut against the energy-absorbing inner wall 2 .

[0037] A sealing rubber ring 13 is provided around the hydraulic piston 4 to press against the energy-absorbing inner wall 2 to ensure the sealing of the energy-absorbing cavity; further, sealant can be applied on the energy-absorbing inner wall 2 to improve the lubricity between the hydraulic piston 4 and the energy-absorbing inner wall 2, ensuring that the hydraulic piston 4 can flow smoothly on the energy-absorbing inner wall 2 when a rock burst occurs, thereby providing the prerequisite for multi-stage energy dissipation of the energy-absorbing unit.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the gap distance between the energy-absorbing outer wall 1 and the energy-absorbing inner wall 2 is ≤0.5 mm.

[0039] In order to ensure that stress can be effectively transferred between the energy-absorbing outer wall 1 and the energy-absorbing inner wall 2, the gap distance between the energy-absorbing outer wall 1 and the energy-absorbing inner wall 2 is set to not exceed 0.5 mm.

[0040] Example 2 The present invention provides an installation method for a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention, the installation method comprising: drilling a hole on a rock wall; assembling an energy absorption unit, opening a plurality of damping holes 7 on an energy absorption inner wall 2, and filling a damping liquid 3 in the accommodating space so that the damping liquid 3 fills the energy absorption cavity through the damping holes 7; arranging a spiral anchor 8 in the energy absorption cavity, the spiral anchor 8 being coaxially arranged inside a high-strength spring 6, and one end of the spiral anchor 8 being fixedly connected to a hydraulic piston 4, and the other end of the spiral anchor 8 passing through a collapse energy absorption structure 5 The energy-absorbing outer wall 1 is fixedly connected to the free section unit; the energy-absorbing unit and the free section unit are connected and fixed, and the free section unit includes a straight anchor rod 9, one end of which is fixedly connected to the energy-absorbing outer wall 1 via a connecting bolt 10; the energy-absorbing unit is pushed into the borehole through the other end of the straight anchor rod 9, and cement mortar 14 is injected into the borehole to fill the gap between the device and the inner wall of the borehole; an anchor plate 11 is fixed to the rock wall through the other end of the straight anchor rod 9, and an anchor bolt is provided at the other end of the straight anchor rod 9 to fix the anchor plate 11. The diameter of the straight anchor rod 9 is smaller than the diameter of the borehole, and the diameter of the straight anchor rod 9 is smaller than the diameter of the energy-absorbing inner wall 2.

[0041] Specifically, a hole of a preset diameter is first drilled on the rock wall, and then the energy absorbing unit is assembled. The energy absorbing unit includes a double-layer sleeve containing an energy absorbing inner wall 2 and an energy absorbing outer wall 1. The gap between the energy absorbing inner wall 2 and the energy absorbing outer wall 1 does not exceed 0.5 mm to form an accommodating space for accommodating the damping liquid 3. At the same time, a damping hole 7 is opened on the energy absorbing inner wall 2 so that the damping liquid 3 can flow into the energy absorbing cavity formed by the energy absorbing inner wall 2, and a hydraulic piston 4, a high-strength spring 6 and a collapse energy absorbing structure 5 are sequentially arranged in series in the energy absorbing cavity, and a spiral anchor rod 8 is coaxially arranged inside the high-strength spring 6. One end of the spiral anchor rod 8 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston 4, and the other end passes through the collapse energy absorption structure 5 and is fixedly connected to the straight anchor rod 9 through the connecting bolt 10, so that the energy absorption unit can be pushed into the borehole through the straight anchor rod 9; then cement mortar 14 is injected into the borehole to fill the gap between the straight anchor rod 9 and the borehole wall. After 15-45 minutes, the cement mortar 14 solidifies and can form a reliable anchor connection with the surrounding rock to withstand the deformation load of the surrounding rock; finally, the anchor plate 11 is passed through the other end of the straight anchor rod 9 and pressed against the outer wall of the borehole and fixed with anchor bolts to form support for the surrounding rock.

[0042] After the multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device provided by the present invention is installed on the surrounding rock wall, when a medium-intensity rockburst occurs in the surrounding rock, the deformation force is transmitted to the straight anchor 9 through the anchor pad 11, and then to the energy absorption unit. While the high-strength spring 6 is compressed and deformed to perform the first-stage energy dissipation, the hydraulic piston 4 is displaced under the action of the spiral anchor 8, and the damping liquid 3 flows through the damping hole 7 in the accommodating space and the energy absorption cavity to produce a damping energy dissipation effect, achieving the second-stage energy dissipation. Because the deformation of the high-strength spring 6 and the damping liquid 3 can be restored after energy dissipation, they can cope with multiple medium-intensity rockburst impacts. When a strong rockburst occurs in the surrounding rock, the impact energy exceeds the energy absorption capacity of the high-strength spring 6 and the damping liquid 3, and the collapsing energy absorption structure 5 begins to plastically deform, performing the third-stage energy dissipation, absorbing the huge impact force that the high-strength spring 6 and the damping liquid 3 cannot absorb, preventing the spiral anchor 8 and the straight anchor 9 from breaking and failing, thereby achieving a multi-stage series energy dissipation effect.

[0043] Furthermore, after the cement mortar 14 solidifies, the anchor bolt assembly forms a reliable anchoring connection with the surrounding rock, capable of withstanding surrounding rock deformation loads. When the rockburst ceases or the external load decreases or disappears, the high-strength spring 6 rebounds under its elastic restoring force, and the hydraulic piston 4 returns to its original position, damping the backflow of liquid. This partially recovers the energy-absorbing unit's deformation and provides continuous support for subsequent rockburst prevention.

[0044] It should be noted that, since the second embodiment and the first embodiment are embodiments of the same inventive concept, some of their structures are exactly the same, so the structures in the second embodiment that are essentially the same as those in the first embodiment will not be elaborated on in detail. For the parts not described in detail, please refer to the first embodiment.

[0045] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device provided by the present invention can spontaneously deform when a rock burst occurs, dissipate the rock burst energy, and reduce the hazard of the rock burst.

[0046] (2) The present invention provides corresponding energy dissipation responses for rock bursts of different intensities, ensuring that the multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device can provide continuous support force under various rock burst conditions.

[0047] (3) The present invention forms a multi-stage energy dissipation system by arranging a hydraulic piston, a high-strength spring and a collapse energy absorption structure in series in the energy absorption cavity, and combining the damping liquid and the damping hole to improve the energy dissipation effect of the energy absorption unit.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only specific implementations of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications, changes, or replacements do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions within the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. They should all be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention, characterized in that: The device comprises an energy absorbing unit and a free section unit, wherein the energy absorbing unit and the free section unit are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected to the free section unit; The energy absorbing unit comprises: A double-layer sleeve, the double-layer sleeve comprising an energy-absorbing outer wall and an energy-absorbing inner wall, the gap between the energy-absorbing outer wall and the energy-absorbing inner wall forming an accommodating space for accommodating a damping liquid; the interior of the energy-absorbing inner wall forming an energy-absorbing cavity, the energy-absorbing outer wall being fixedly connected to the free section unit; a hydraulic piston, the hydraulic piston being arranged on the top of the energy absorbing cavity; a crush energy absorbing structure, the crush energy absorbing structure being arranged at the bottom of the energy absorbing cavity; A high-strength spring, one end of which is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the collapse energy absorption structure.

2. The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of damping holes are provided on the energy absorbing inner wall, and the damping liquid fills the energy absorbing cavity through the damping holes.

3. The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy absorption unit also includes a spiral anchor rod, which is coaxially arranged with the high-strength spring. One end of the spiral anchor rod is fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston, and the other end of the spiral anchor rod passes through the collapse energy absorption structure, the energy absorption outer wall and is fixedly connected to the free section unit.

4. The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 3, characterized in that: The free segment unit includes: A straight anchor rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the energy-absorbing outer wall via a connecting bolt; A fixing piece is arranged outside the drilled hole and is fixedly connected to the other end of the straight anchor rod.

5. The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing member includes an anchoring plate and a fixing bolt. The outer diameter of the anchoring plate is larger than the diameter of the drill hole. The anchoring plate is located between the drill hole and the fixing bolt. The other end of the straight anchor rod passes through the anchoring plate and is fixedly connected to the fixing bolt.

6. The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diameter of the straight anchor rod is smaller than the diameter of the drill hole.

7. The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 6, characterized in that: The device further comprises a sealing rubber ring, which is arranged around the hydraulic piston to abut against the energy-absorbing inner wall.

8. The multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gap distance between the energy absorbing outer wall and the energy absorbing inner wall is ≤0.5mm.

9. A method for installing a multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation method includes: Drilling holes in rock walls; Assembling the energy absorbing unit, opening a plurality of damping holes on the inner wall of the energy absorbing unit, and filling the accommodating space with damping liquid so that the damping liquid fills the energy absorbing cavity through the damping holes; A spiral anchor rod is provided in the energy absorbing cavity, the spiral anchor rod being coaxially arranged inside the high-strength spring, one end of the spiral anchor rod being fixedly connected to the hydraulic piston, and the other end of the spiral anchor rod passing through the collapse energy absorbing structure, the energy absorbing outer wall and being fixedly connected to the free section unit; Connecting and fixing the energy absorbing unit and the free section unit, wherein the free section unit includes a straight anchor rod, and fixing one end of the straight anchor rod to the energy absorbing outer wall via a connecting bolt; Pushing the energy absorbing unit into the borehole through the other end of the straight anchor rod, and injecting cement mortar into the borehole to fill the gap between the device and the inner wall of the borehole; An anchoring plate is passed through the other end of the straight anchor rod and fixed on the rock wall, and an anchoring bolt is provided at the other end of the straight anchor rod to fix the anchoring plate.

10. The installation method of the multi-stage series energy dissipation anchor device for rock burst disaster prevention according to claim 9, characterized in that: The diameter of the straight anchor rod is smaller than the diameter of the drill hole, and the diameter of the straight anchor rod is smaller than the diameter of the energy-absorbing inner wall.

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