Airflow-adjustable flue gas treatment equipment, system and method

Abstract

The invention provides gas flow adjustable flue gas treatment equipment, system and method, and relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and the gas flow adjustable flue gas treatment equipment comprises a flue, a pre-dedusting mechanism, a flow guide mechanism and a low-temperature heat exchanger. And the flue is used for introducing flue gas. The pre-dedusting mechanism is arranged in the flue and is used for primarily filtering particulate matters in the flue gas; the flow guide mechanism is arranged in the flue and located at an outlet of the pre-dedusting mechanism, the flow guide mechanism comprises a sensor, a flow guide plate and an adjusting assembly, the sensor and the flow guide plate are sequentially arranged in the flue in the flue gas flowing direction, and the adjusting assembly is in transmission connection with the flow guide plate and electrically connected with the sensor. The low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged in the flue and behind the flow guide mechanism in the flue gas flowing direction. According to the low-temperature heat exchanger, when the working condition of the boiler is changed, the inclination angle of the flow guide plate can be correspondingly adjusted, so that the flow speed and flow of smoke entering the low-temperature heat exchanger are adjusted, and the problem that the low-temperature heat exchanger is abraded due to the fact that the local flow speed exceeds the standard under the variable-load working condition is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and in particular to a flue gas treatment device, system and method with adjustable airflow. Background Art

[0002] In flue gas treatment, particularly in thermal systems like coal-fired power plants and industrial boilers, tail flue gas contains significant amounts of low-temperature waste heat. Low-temperature heat exchangers, key equipment for recovering this waste heat, are typically deployed after air preheaters or desulfurization units. By heating condensate or other working fluids, they recycle waste heat that would otherwise be exhausted to the atmosphere. Their core value lies in utilizing recovered flue gas waste heat to replace or partially replace the turbine extraction steam in the low-pressure heater (LPH) system, thereby reducing turbine cooling losses, improving the unit's overall thermal efficiency, and achieving significant energy savings and consumption reductions.

[0003] However, low-temperature heat exchangers have long been plagued by tube bundle wear caused by uneven flue gas velocity distribution. To guide flue gas flow, optimize the heat exchanger inlet flow field distribution, and protect the heat exchanger tube bundle from wear caused by large fly ash particles, fixed guide plates and static dust removal devices are typically installed in the low-temperature heat exchanger inlet flue. However, the guide structures used in these technologies cannot dynamically adapt to flow field fluctuations, which can easily lead to excessively high local flow velocities, exacerbating wear on the low-temperature heat exchanger. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow to alleviate the technical problem that the guide structure used in the prior art cannot dynamically adapt to flow field fluctuations, which easily leads to excessive local flow velocity and aggravates the wear of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow, comprising: Flue, used for receiving flue gas; The pre-dust removal mechanism is installed in the flue and is used to perform preliminary filtration on particulate matter in the flue gas; The guide mechanism is provided in the flue and located at the outlet of the pre-dust removal mechanism. The guide mechanism includes a sensor, a guide plate and an adjustment component. The sensor and the guide plate are sequentially arranged in the flue along the direction of flue gas flow. The adjustment component is transmission-connected to the guide plate, and the adjustment component is electrically connected to the sensor. A low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged in the flue and behind the guide mechanism along the flue gas flow direction; The sensor is used to measure the flow rate to control the regulating component to adjust the angle of the guide plate in the flue, thereby achieving the regulation of the inlet air flow of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0006] Further, the adjustment assembly includes a driving member and a crank connecting rod; The driving member has a driving end; The two ends of the crank connecting rod are respectively connected to the driving member and the guide plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustment component also includes a host computer; The host computer is electrically connected to the sensor and the driving component respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the pre-dust removal mechanism includes a dust removal duct, a diversion baffle and a dust removal unit; The dust removal duct has a flow space for flue gas circulation, an ash collection space is provided below the flow space, and a regulating valve with adjustable opening and closing angle is provided between the flow space and the ash collection space; There are multiple diversion baffles, and the multiple diversion baffles form a plurality of filter slots arranged at intervals in the flow space in the direction of smoke flow. The extension direction of the filter slots is perpendicular to the direction of smoke flow, and the bottom ends of the filter slots are connected to the ash collection space; There are multiple dust removal units, and the multiple dust removal units are arranged in the filter tank at intervals along the vertical direction; The regulating valve is located behind the filter tank along the flue gas flow direction.

[0009] Furthermore, the lengths of the plurality of filter tanks gradually increase along the direction of smoke flow.

[0010] Furthermore, the access end of the dust removal unit faces the direction of smoke flow and has a groove structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow also includes a separation and purification device; The separation and purification device is arranged in the flue and is located behind the guide mechanism along the flue gas flow direction. The separation and purification device includes a casing, a centrifugal separation mechanism and a central collector. The inlet of the casing is connected with the flue, and a drain port is provided at the bottom of the casing. The centrifugal separation mechanism and the central collector are arranged in the casing and spaced apart along the flow direction of the flue gas.

[0012] Further, the central collector includes a mesh collecting member; The mesh collecting piece is arranged at the output end of the centrifugal separation mechanism in an extended shape.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a flue gas treatment system, comprising a control module and the flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided in the first aspect; The control module is communicatively connected to the flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a flue gas treatment method, which is applied to the control module of the flue gas treatment system provided in the second aspect; Methods include: Get the current running parameters; Input the current operating parameters into the pre-trained control model and output the target angle of the guide plate in the guide mechanism; The regulating assembly is controlled to operate until the guide plate reaches a target angle to adjust the air inlet flow of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0015] Beneficial effects: In the flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow provided by the present invention, the flue gas is discharged into the flue, and the hot flue gas first contacts the pre-dust removal mechanism to achieve initial filtration of the flue gas, so as to reduce the particulate matter in the flue gas and avoid excessive particulate matter from entering the low-temperature heat exchanger, causing the low-temperature heat exchanger to be worn by large particles and fly ash. The adjustment component in the guide mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the guide plate. When the operating conditions of the equipment generating the flue gas change, the flow rate of the flue gas changes accordingly. The inclination angle of the guide plate can be adjusted accordingly, thereby realizing the adjustment of the flow rate and flow rate of the flue gas entering the low-temperature heat exchanger, optimizing the distribution of the cross-sectional area of ​​the flue, and improving the uniformity of the flue gas flow rate to a level where the turbulence intensity is lower than the tube bundle wear threshold level, thereby alleviating the wear problem of the low-temperature heat exchanger caused by local flow rate exceeding the standard under variable load conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a pre-dust removal mechanism in a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a flow-guiding mechanism in a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a separation and purification device in a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 .

[0018] icon: 100-flue; 200- pre-dust removal mechanism; 210- dust removal duct; 211- flow space; 212- dust collection space; 213- regulating valve; 214- adjustable baffle door; 215- door shaft; 220- diversion partition; 230- dust removal unit; 300-flow guide mechanism; 310-sensor; 320-flow guide plate; 330-adjustment assembly; 331-crank connecting rod; 340-host computer; 400- low temperature heat exchanger; 500 - separation and purification device; 501 - drainage port; 502 - tangential inlet; 510 - housing; 520 - centrifugal separation mechanism; 530 - central collector; 531 - mesh collecting element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, the following is a brief introduction to the technical terms used in this application.

[0021] CFD simulation technology: specifically computational fluid dynamics simulation technology, is a powerful tool that uses computers, numerical methods and algorithms to simulate, analyze and predict fluid (liquid or gas) flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reactions and other related physical phenomena.

[0022] The k-ε turbulence model is one of the most widely used and established Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Its core concept is to "close" the RANS equations by using two additional transport equations to simulate the effects of turbulence on the time-averaged flow field.

[0023] After introducing the technical terms involved in this application, the application scenarios and design concepts of the embodiments of this application are briefly introduced.

[0024] Low-temperature heat exchangers, essential equipment for utilizing waste heat from boiler exhaust, achieve energy savings and reduce consumption by recovering waste heat from flue gas instead of extracting steam from the low-pressure heating system. However, they have long been constrained by tube wear caused by uneven flue gas velocity distribution. Existing technologies often utilize fixed guide plates and static dust removal devices. Under variable load conditions, these fixed structures are unable to dynamically adapt to flow field fluctuations, leading to excessive localized flow velocities and exacerbating wear. Furthermore, insufficient separation efficiency of coarse particles in the flue gas, secondary entrainment of fine particles, and back-mixing of accumulated ash in the ash hopper further increase the risk of erosion.

[0025] In terms of flow field control, fixed guide plates cannot dynamically adjust the cross-sectional area of ​​the flue, making it difficult to effectively balance the flow velocity distribution in the flue. Although existing optimization solutions have introduced CFD simulation technology, they are mostly limited to static parameter optimization and lack dynamic database support, making it difficult to establish an accurate mapping relationship between the guide plate angle and the flow velocity gradient. The real-time dynamic flow guidance of the guide plate is limited by the limitations of the baffle mechanical device and the working environment, and its reliability and real-time performance are difficult to meet the requirements; at the same time, in terms of dust removal unit design, the traditional groove structure has problems such as ash hopper dust back mixing and bypass airflow disturbance, which restrict the inertial separation efficiency of particles.

[0026] Furthermore, existing separation and purification devices for the coordinated treatment of fine particles and droplets are limited by low coalescence efficiency and rigid drainage structures, making gas-solid separation performance insufficient to meet practical requirements. Specifically, traditional centrifugal separation devices suffer from inaccurate control of swirl intensity, disrupting the fine particle migration path, and the fixed-angle drainage pipes are difficult to adapt to different installation positions, resulting in droplet retention and secondary entrainment.

[0027] Example 1 Combine Figures 1 to 4 The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a flue 100, a pre-dust removal mechanism 200, a flow guiding mechanism 300 and a low-temperature heat exchanger 400.

[0028] The flue 100 is used to receive flue gas. The pre-dust removal mechanism 200 is located in the flue 100 and is used to initially filter particulate matter in the flue gas. The guide mechanism 300 is located in the flue 100 and is located at the outlet of the pre-dust removal mechanism 200. The guide mechanism 300 includes a sensor 310, a guide plate 320, and an adjustment component 330. The sensor 310 and the guide plate 320 are sequentially arranged in the flue 100 along the direction of flue gas flow. The adjustment component 330 is transmission-connected to the guide plate 320 and electrically connected to the sensor 310. The low-temperature heat exchanger 400 is located in the flue 100 and is located behind the guide mechanism 300 along the direction of flue gas flow.

[0029] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the sensor 310 is used to measure the flow rate to control the regulating assembly 330 to adjust the angle of the guide plate 320 in the flue 100 , thereby adjusting the intake air flow rate of the low-temperature heat exchanger 400 .

[0030] In this embodiment, the flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow is connected to the tail flue gas exhaust end of the boiler, and the flue gas discharged from the tail of the boiler is discharged into the flue 100 of the flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided in this embodiment.

[0031] After the hot flue gas enters the flue 100, it contacts the pre-dust removal mechanism 200 to achieve initial filtration of the flue gas, thereby reducing particulate matter in the flue gas and preventing excessive particulate matter from entering the low-temperature heat exchanger 400, causing the low-temperature heat exchanger 400 to be worn by large particles and fly ash.

[0032] Subsequently, the adjustment assembly 330 in the flow guide mechanism 300 can adjust the angle of the flow guide plate 320 in real time according to the boiler's real-time operating conditions. As the boiler's operating conditions change, the tilt angle of the flow guide plate 320 can be adjusted accordingly, thereby regulating the flow velocity and flow rate of the flue gas entering the low-temperature heat exchanger 400. This optimizes the cross-sectional area distribution of the flue duct 100, improves the uniformity of the flue gas flow velocity to a level below the turbulence intensity threshold for tube bundle wear, and alleviates wear of the low-temperature heat exchanger 400 caused by excessive local flow velocity under variable load conditions.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, an air preheater is further provided at the inlet end of the pre-dust removal mechanism 200 to transfer a large amount of residual heat in the flue gas to the cold air, so as to realize the utilization of the heat of the high-temperature flue gas.

[0034] In this embodiment, the adjustment assembly 330 includes a driving member and a crank connecting rod 331. The driving member has a driving end. The two ends of the crank connecting rod 331 are respectively connected to the driving member and the deflector 320.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment, the transmission connection between the driving member and the guide plate 320 is achieved through the crank connecting rod 331, thereby achieving the adjustment of the rotation angle of the guide plate 320.

[0036] The driving element can be any driving element capable of transmitting power to the crank connecting rod 331, such as a motor or a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the driving element is a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is relatively stable, and when driven to a certain stroke, the self-locking function of the hydraulic cylinder prevents the deflector 320 from returning to its original position after being subjected to force, thereby ensuring the stable tilt of the deflector 320.

[0037] In this embodiment, the adjustment component 330 further includes a host computer 340. The host computer 340 is electrically connected to the sensor 310 and the driving component.

[0038] The host computer 340 can be a dedicated controller such as an industrial control computer or a programmable logic controller (PLC). In this embodiment, the host computer 340 is specifically a PLC controller. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the sensor 310 and the driver. During the adjustment process, it can also receive real-time feedback from the sensor 310, thus achieving real-time control of the entire adjustment process and receiving feedback information. This allows the user to determine whether the deflector 320 is adjusted properly and whether the adjusted flow rate has reached a preset value.

[0039] In this embodiment, the pre-dust removal mechanism 200 includes a dust removal duct 210, a diverter baffle 220, and a dust removal unit 230. The dust removal duct 210 has a flow space 211 for flue gas circulation. An ash collection space 212 is located below the flow space 211. A regulating valve 213 with an adjustable opening and closing angle is located between the flow space 211 and the ash collection space 212. There are multiple diverter baffles 220, each of which forms a plurality of filter slots spaced apart in the flow space 211 in the direction of flue gas flow. The filter slots extend perpendicular to the direction of flue gas flow, and the bottom ends of the filter slots are connected to the ash collection space 212. There are multiple dust removal units 230, each of which is spaced apart vertically within the filter slots. The regulating valve 213 is located behind the filter slots in the direction of flue gas flow.

[0040] The multiple diverter baffles 220 in this embodiment form multiple filter slots perpendicular to the direction of flue gas flow within the flow space 211. Under this structure, the flue gas must pass through the filter slots during its flow. In this embodiment, multiple dust removal units 230 are vertically arranged within each filter slot. As the flue gas flows through the filter slots, the flue gas particles collide multiple times with the diverter baffles 220 and dust removal units 230 on both sides of the filter slots, achieving a gradual deceleration, thereby preventing the flue gas particles from rebounding into the mainstream flue gas. During this process, the filter slots and dust removal units 230 provide initial filtration of the flue gas flow, removing flue gas particles from the flue gas flow.

[0041] Moreover, after the flue gas flow enters the dust removal unit 230, the flue gas particles in the flue gas flow are guided by the dust removal unit 230 and move downward along the extension direction of the filter tank into the ash collecting space 212. Under the dual effects of gravity sedimentation and airflow carrying, the flue gas particles settle in the ash collecting space 212 along a longitudinal trajectory. At the same time, the air flow flows toward the regulating valve 213 in the ash collecting space 212 to be discharged to the guide mechanism 300 in the flue 100.

[0042] In this embodiment, the lengths of the plurality of filter tanks gradually increase along the direction of smoke flow.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, along the flue gas flow direction, between any two adjacent filter tanks, the downstream filter tank is longer than the upstream filter tank. The downstream filter tank is longer, so that the downstream filter tank extends deeper into the ash collection space 212 than the upstream filter tank. This structure prevents secondary entrainment of fly ash falling from the downstream filter tank when the upstream purified flue gas flows toward the regulating valve 213.

[0044] It should be noted that, under this structure, the ratio of the spacing between two adjacent rows of filter troughs to the spacing between two adjacent dust removal units 230 in the same column is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 10, and the angle between the filter trough and the inflow direction of the flue gas flow needs to be controlled within the range of 60°~120°.

[0045] In addition, in this embodiment, the ventilation area can be adjusted by adjusting the opening and closing of the valve 213. Specifically, in this embodiment, the regulating valve 213 is a combination structure of an adjustable baffle door 214 and a door shaft 215, and the door shaft 215 is driven by a motor to adjust the opening and closing angle of the adjustable baffle door 214.

[0046] In this embodiment, the access end of the dust removal unit 230 faces the direction of smoke flow and has a groove structure.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the front end of the dust removal unit 230 is connected to the flue gas. The dust removal unit 230 is composed of symmetrical side panels on both sides to form a guide trough body between the two side panels. The end of the dust removal unit 230 facing the flue gas flow is equipped with an anti-wear cap to achieve the introduction and guidance of the flue gas flow, thereby reducing the wear of the dust removal unit 230 by the flue gas flow and improving the service life of the dust removal unit 230. In addition, in this embodiment, the trough opening of the filter tank extending into the dust collection space 212 is sealed so that the dust-laden flue gas entering the dust removal unit 230 will move downward due to the diversion effect.

[0048] In this embodiment, the flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow further includes a separation and purification device 500. The separation and purification device 500 is disposed in the flue 100 and is located behind the flow guide mechanism 300 along the direction of flue gas flow. The separation and purification device 500 comprises a housing 510, a centrifugal separation mechanism 520, and a central collector 530. The inlet of the housing 510 is connected to the flue 100. A drain port 501 is provided at the bottom of the housing 510. The centrifugal separation mechanism 520 and the central collector 530 are disposed within the housing 510 and spaced apart along the direction of flue gas flow.

[0049] In this embodiment, after the flue gas after the initial filtration enters the casing 510 from the flue 100, it flows through the centrifugal separation mechanism 520. Under the action of strong centrifugal force, residual impurities such as fine dust particles remaining in the flue gas and droplets formed by condensation of water vapor are forcefully thrown toward the inner wall of the casing 510 and gather into droplets on the inner wall of the casing 510. After the droplets gather, they can fall along the inner wall of the casing 510 under the action of gravity and flow out from the drain port 501 at the bottom of the casing 510, thereby achieving deep filtration of the flue gas.

[0050] The central collector 530 in this embodiment can filter the flue gas after centrifugation again to further purify the flue gas.

[0051] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the centrifugal component in the centrifugal separation mechanism 520 is a combination of an impeller and blades, with the angle between the impeller and the central axis of the blades being between 10° and 80°. Furthermore, in this embodiment, a tangential inlet 502 is provided at the front end of the interior of the housing 510. The gas tangential inlets 502 are arranged in layers along the axis of the housing 510, with each layer containing multiple circumferentially evenly distributed tangential inlets 502. The impeller is located between the gas inlet and the tangential gas inlet 502, or vice versa.

[0052] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the central collector 530 includes a mesh collecting member 531. The mesh collecting member 531 is arranged at the output end of the centrifugal separation mechanism 520 in an extended shape.

[0053] After undergoing preliminary purification by the centrifugal separation mechanism 520, the rotating flue gas may still carry a small amount of incompletely removed ultrafine particles and tiny droplets as it flows to the central collector 530. The extended mesh collector 531 provides a large surface area and dense pore structure. As the flue gas passes through the mesh, these remaining fine pollutants are efficiently captured on the mesh surface or within its internal pores through direct collision interception, inertial impaction, Brownian diffusion, and capillary condensation, significantly improving overall purification efficiency.

[0054] In addition, for the tiny droplets carried in the flue gas (such as slurry droplets and condensed water mist remaining after desulfurization), when they hit the wires or hole walls of the mesh collection element 531, a coalescence effect will occur (small droplets merge into large droplets). The extended design increases the chance of droplets colliding with the mesh structure and further improves the purification effect.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a drain pipe extends from the bottom of the housing 510. The interface between the drain pipe and the housing 510 is the drain port 501. The drain pipe in this embodiment is adjustable depending on the installation configuration of the housing 510. When the housing 510 is arranged horizontally, the drain pipe is located vertically below the central collector 530. When the housing 510 is arranged upright, the drain pipe extends downward at an angle. In this embodiment, the mesh aperture of the central collector ranges from 0.5 to 3 cm and is coupled to a central flow stabilizer rod, which is connected to the central axis of the impeller to stabilize the airflow and enhance separation efficiency.

[0056] It should be noted here that in this embodiment, in order to achieve precise flow field control, a geometric model of the flue 100 at the inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 400 is established based on the unit structural parameters, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology is used to carry out flow field numerical simulation, thereby obtaining real-time flue gas flow velocity distribution data in the inlet flue 100, and then combining different working conditions with the dynamic monitoring data to accurately adjust the angle of the guide plate 320 to achieve optimized distribution of the flue gas flow field.

[0057] Example 2 A flue gas treatment system provided in this embodiment includes a control module and the flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow provided in the above embodiment.

[0058] The control module is communicatively connected to the flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow.

[0059] After the control module is communicated with the flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow, real-time control of the rotation angle of the guide plate in the flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow can be achieved, thereby achieving real-time adjustment of the air volume entering the low-temperature heat exchanger, so that the uniformity of the flue gas flow rate is improved to a level where the turbulence intensity is lower than the tube bundle wear threshold, thereby alleviating the wear problem of the low-temperature heat exchanger caused by excessive local flow rate under variable load conditions.

[0060] Example 3 The present embodiment provides a flue gas treatment method, which is applied to the control module of the flue gas treatment system provided in the above embodiment.

[0061] Methods include: S100, obtaining current operating parameters.

[0062] S200: Input the current operating parameters into a pre-trained control model, and output the target angle of the guide plate in the guide mechanism.

[0063] S300 , controlling the regulating component to operate until the guide plate reaches a target angle to adjust the air intake flow of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0064] The method provided in this embodiment can dynamically adjust the angle of the guide plate based on the current operating parameters of the flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow, thereby realizing real-time adjustment of the air volume entering the low-temperature heat exchanger, improving the uniformity of the flue gas flow rate to a level where the turbulence intensity is lower than the tube bundle wear threshold, and thereby alleviating the wear problem of the low-temperature heat exchanger caused by the local flow rate exceeding the standard under variable load conditions. Among them, the current operating parameters include at least the load conditions of the boiler operation, which are usually divided into three types of operating conditions for quantitative characterization, including high load conditions of 80% and above, medium load conditions of 50% to 80%, and low load conditions of 50% and below. Each interval corresponds to a differentiated combination of gear guide plate adjustment parameters to balance the wear suppression effect and the frequency of actuator action, combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 It can be seen that under different working conditions, the rotation angle of the guide plate is different.

[0065] It is understandable that before the actual control process, a training process for the control model should also be included. In this embodiment, the training process of the control model is as follows: Step 1: Establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the flue inlet, discretize the fluid domain using unstructured meshing technology, and set a boundary layer mesh in the near-wall area to capture the flow velocity gradient.

[0066] Step 2: Input the flue gas physical properties according to the typical operating conditions of the boiler, set the mass flow boundary condition at the inlet interface, set the pressure outlet condition at the outlet interface, and adopt the no-slip boundary condition on the wall.

[0067] Step 3: Construct the flue gas flow field control equation based on the k-ε turbulence model, discretize the control equation using the finite volume method, and iteratively calculate the steady-state flow field through the pressure-velocity coupling algorithm. The calculation residual converges to 10 -4 Magnitude.

[0068] Step 4: Obtain the velocity cloud map of the flue cross section through the CFD post-processing module and extract the time-averaged velocity distribution of the specified monitoring surface.

[0069] Step 5: Compare and verify the velocity distribution obtained by numerical simulation with the DCS historical operation data or the actual measurement results of the hot wire anemometer. The relative error is controlled within ±5%. When the relative error exceeds ±5%, the turbulence model parameters are corrected and a secondary iterative calculation is performed.

[0070] Step 6: Based on the verified flow field data analysis results, a velocity distribution database is constructed, the mapping relationship between the guide plate adjustment angle and the corresponding flue outlet flow velocity is extracted, and the optimization control curve for the dynamic adjustment of the guide plate is generated.

[0071] Step 1 specifically involves extracting key dimensions based on actual flue inlet design drawings (such as CAD plans and cross-sections): inlet cross-sectional shape (rectangular / circular / irregular), flue length, convergence / divergence angles, and internal guide vane / support component locations. A professional 3D modeling tool (such as SolidWorks, CATIA, ANSYS DesignModeler, or SpaceClaim) is then used to create a model based on these key dimensions, ensuring parameterization for subsequent optimization and iteration. The solid flue model is then converted into a fluid computational domain.

[0072] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems and devices can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0073] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Such modifications, changes or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow, characterized in that: include: a flue (100) for receiving flue gas; A pre-dust removal mechanism (200) is provided in the flue (100) and is used for pre-filtering particulate matter in the flue gas; A flow guide mechanism (300) is provided in the flue (100) and located at the outlet of the pre-dust removal mechanism (200), the flow guide mechanism (300) comprising a sensor (310), a flow guide plate (320) and an adjustment component (330), the sensor (310) and the flow guide plate (320) being sequentially arranged in the flue (100) along the direction of flue gas flow, the adjustment component (330) being transmission-connected to the flow guide plate (320), and the adjustment component (330) being electrically connected to the sensor (310); a low-temperature heat exchanger (400) disposed in the flue (100) and behind the flow guide mechanism (300) along the flue gas flow direction; The sensor (310) is used to measure the flow rate to control the regulating assembly (330) to adjust the angle of the guide plate (320) in the flue (100), thereby achieving regulation of the intake air flow of the low-temperature heat exchanger (400).

2. The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (330) includes a driving member and a crank connecting rod (331); The driving member has a driving end; The two ends of the crank connecting rod (331) are respectively connected to the driving member and the guide plate (320) in a transmission manner.

3. The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regulating component (330) further includes a host computer (340); The host computer (340) is electrically connected to the sensor (310) and the driving component respectively.

4. The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-dust removal mechanism (200) comprises a dust removal duct (210), a flow dividing plate (220) and a dust removal unit (230); The dust removal pipe (210) has a flow space (211) for smoke circulation, an ash collection space (212) is provided below the flow space (211), and a regulating valve (213) with an adjustable opening and closing angle is provided between the flow space (211) and the ash collection space (212); There are a plurality of diversion baffles (220), and the plurality of diversion baffles (220) form a plurality of filter slots spaced apart in the flow space (211) in the direction of smoke flow, wherein the extension direction of the filter slots is perpendicular to the direction of smoke flow, and the bottom ends of the filter slots are connected to the ash collection space (212); There are a plurality of dust removal units (230), and the plurality of dust removal units (230) are arranged in the filter tank at intervals along the vertical direction; The regulating valve (213) is located behind the filter tank along the direction of smoke flow.

5. The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lengths of the plurality of filter tanks gradually increase along the direction of smoke flow.

6. The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow according to claim 4, characterized in that: The access end of the dust removal unit (230) faces the direction of smoke flow and has a groove structure.

7. The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow further includes a separation and purification device (500); The separation and purification device (500) is provided in the flue (100) and is located behind the flow guide mechanism (300) along the flue gas flow direction. The separation and purification device (500) comprises a housing (510), a centrifugal separation mechanism (520), and a central collector (530). The inlet of the casing (510) is connected to the flue (100), and a drain port (501) is provided at the bottom of the casing (510). The centrifugal separation mechanism (520) and the central collector (530) are arranged in the casing (510) and spaced apart along the direction of flue gas flow.

8. The flue gas treatment equipment with adjustable airflow according to claim 7, characterized in that: The central collector (530) includes a mesh collecting member (531); The mesh collecting member (531) is arranged in an extended shape at the output end of the centrifugal separation mechanism (520).

9. A flue gas treatment system, characterized in that: A flue gas treatment device comprising a control module and an adjustable airflow device according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The control module is in communication with the flue gas treatment device with adjustable airflow.

10. A flue gas treatment method, characterized in that: A control module for a flue gas treatment system according to claim 9; The method comprises: Get the current running parameters; Inputting the current operating parameters into a pre-trained control model to output a target angle of a guide plate in the guide mechanism; The regulating assembly is controlled to operate until the guide plate reaches the target angle to adjust the air intake flow of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

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