Mine blasting monitoring system and method based on expansion type blasting vibration measurement pile

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting engineering monitoring system and method based on expansion type blasting vibration measurement piles, and relates to the technical field of mine blasting monitoring, and the blasting engineering monitoring system comprises a plurality of expansion type blasting vibration measurement piles and a visual tracking module; the unfolding type blasting vibration measuring pile comprises a center rod and an unfolding part arranged outside the center rod in a sleeving mode. A synchronous clock module and a cache unit are arranged in the center rod, and a triaxial accelerometer and a mark point are arranged at the two ends of the center rod respectively; the unfolding part comprises a plurality of unfolding type supporting sheets, and pressure sensors are arranged at the root parts of the unfolding type supporting sheets in a coupling manner; a strain gauge is arranged in a gap position between every two adjacent expansion type supporting sheets, and the strain gauges are electrically connected with the cache unit; and the strain gauge clings to the wall of the drill hole. The device is compact in structure and accurate in measurement, and can efficiently and reliably provide real-time data support and safety early warning decision basis for blasting engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blasting engineering monitoring, and in particular to a mine blasting monitoring system and method based on an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of open-pit and underground mining, the frequency and scale of blasting operations have increased significantly. The resulting strong blasting shock waves and vibrations are increasingly impacting the stability of the rock mass (including slopes, roofs, and pillars). In actual mining operations under diverse rock formations, blasting shock waves can not only induce the expansion of existing cracks in the rock mass but also lead to the formation of new cracks, which in turn can cause localized or large-scale slope slippage, roof collapse, and even catastrophic landslides. Especially in complex geological environments, the heterogeneity of the rock mass's internal structure complicates the propagation of blasting shock waves, resulting in reflection, refraction, and superposition effects that significantly increase the difficulty of rock mass stability analysis.

[0003] At present, the main monitoring methods used for monitoring mine blasting vibration include seismometers, accelerometers, strain gauges, and in-hole pressure sensors, which are usually deployed on the surface or inside boreholes for monitoring. Although these monitoring technologies have been applied to a certain extent in engineering practice, the following problems are common: (1) Monitoring equipment arranged on the surface or tunnel wall is greatly affected by external environmental factors (such as topographic undulation, air humidity, dust and vegetation cover, etc.), resulting in the collected vibration data not being able to truly reflect the actual vibration state inside the rock mass; (2) Traditional in-hole monitoring equipment mostly adopts a simple insertion or fixed structure, which has poor adaptability to different rock types (hard rock, soft rock, fracture zone), cannot effectively resist the strong impact caused by blasting vibration, and is prone to data loss, sensor position offset or detachment and other problems; (3) Currently, a single or a small number of types of monitoring equipment cannot fully reflect the various mechanical response characteristics inside the complex rock mass, resulting in one-sided data collection and difficulty in meeting the needs of modern mine blasting risk assessment and disaster prevention and control; (4) The time synchronization accuracy of data between existing monitoring systems is generally low. Especially when the GPS signal is limited in underground scenes, the timing error of data collected by different sensors is large, which limits the subsequent collaborative analysis of multi-parameter data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a mine blasting monitoring system and method based on an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile. The technical solution is as follows: On the one hand, a mine blasting monitoring system based on an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile is provided, comprising a plurality of expandable blasting vibration measuring piles and a visual tracking module; wherein the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile comprises a central rod and an expandable portion sleeved on the outside of the central rod; a synchronous clock module and a cache unit are arranged inside the central rod, and a three-axis accelerometer and a marking point are arranged at both ends of the central rod respectively; the expandable portion comprises a plurality of expandable support plates, and a pressure sensor is coupled to the root of the expandable support plate; a strain gauge is arranged at the gap position between adjacent expandable support plates, and the strain gauge is electrically connected to the cache unit; the strain gauge is arranged close to the wall of the borehole; the expandable support plate is provided at the bottom ... The support plate is used to anchor the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile in the borehole by supporting the borehole wall; the pressure sensor is used to obtain pressure information of the borehole wall; the strain gauge is used to obtain the strain curve of the borehole wall; the three-axis accelerometer is used to obtain acceleration information of the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile during the blasting process; the visual tracking module is used to obtain displacement information of the marking point during the blasting process; the synchronous clock module is used to synchronize the timestamp information of multi-dimensional monitoring information; the multi-dimensional monitoring information includes the pressure information, the strain curve, the acceleration information and the displacement information; the cache unit is used to store the multi-dimensional monitoring information.

[0005] Optionally, the marking point includes a light emitting diode marking point.

[0006] Optionally, the central rod is a circular tubular structure.

[0007] Optionally, the unfolding portion also includes a concentric sleeve that can be slidably sleeved on the outside of the center rod, and the multiple unfolding support pieces are connected to the concentric sleeve through a rigid connecting rod; the two ends of the rigid connecting rod are respectively hinged to the unfolding support piece and the concentric sleeve through hinges; an annular baffle is provided at the bottom end of the center rod, which is used to cooperate with the rigid connecting rod to unfold the multiple unfolding support pieces outward when pushing the concentric sleeve to slide toward the annular baffle.

[0008] Optionally, the plurality of expandable support sheets are arranged at equal angular intervals along the concentric sleeve.

[0009] Optionally, a plurality of strain gauge interfaces are further provided on the concentric sleeve, and the strain gauge is electrically connected to the cache unit through the strain gauge interfaces.

[0010] Optionally, the expandable support sheet includes an arc-shaped support sheet.

[0011] Optionally, the visual tracking module includes a high-speed camera.

[0012] Optionally, the plurality of expandable blasting vibration detection piles are respectively inserted into boreholes located at different rock layers and heights in the blasting area to be monitored in the mine.

[0013] On the other hand, a monitoring method for a mine blasting monitoring system based on an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile is also provided, comprising: inserting the multiple expandable blasting vibration measuring piles into boreholes located at different rock layers and heights in the blasting area to be monitored in the mine, and setting the visual tracking module in front of the blasting area to be monitored; pushing the expansion part of the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile so that the multiple expandable support plates are in an expanded state and close to the borehole wall; attaching the strain gauge on the hole wall between the multiple expandable support plates, and electrically connecting the strain gauge to the cache unit; the strain gauge is set close to the borehole wall; at the start of blasting, controlling the synchronous clock module to output a unified trigger signal to multiple sensors and the visual tracking module so that the multiple sensors and the visual tracking module are synchronously sampled to obtain multi-dimensional monitoring information; the multiple sensors include the pressure sensor, the strain gauge and the three-axis acceleration sensor; the multi-dimensional monitoring information includes the pressure information, the strain curve, the acceleration information and the displacement information; and storing the multi-dimensional monitoring information in the cache unit.

[0014] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mine blasting monitoring system and method based on an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile, which realizes rapid and non-destructive anchoring of the borehole wall through the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile structure; through the combination of collaborative acquisition of multiple physical quantities and precise timing of the synchronous clock module, the spatiotemporal resolution and data reliability of blasting monitoring can be significantly improved; the design of the local cache module can avoid data loss caused by on-site network instability, improve the system's robustness and on-site adaptability, and alleviate the technical problem in the existing technology that it is difficult to meet the needs of modern mine blasting risk assessment and disaster prevention and control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a mine blasting monitoring system based on deployable blasting vibration measuring piles provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an expandable blasting vibration testing pile provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of an expandable blasting vibration testing pile in an expanded state provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4is a cross-sectional view of an expanded blasting vibration testing pile provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 The invention provides a monitoring method for a mine blasting monitoring system based on deployable blasting vibration measuring piles.

[0017] Among them: 1. Expandable blasting vibration measuring pile, 2. Visual tracking module, 11. Triaxial accelerometer, 12. Annular baffle, 13. Expandable support plate, 14. Rigid connecting rod, 15. Center rod, 16. Strain gauge interface, 17. Concentric sleeve, 18. Marking point, 19. Strain gauge, 110. Power supply, 111. Cache unit, 112. Synchronous clock module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as an "exemplary" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "and / or" can mean both or either of the two.

[0020] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 FIG is a schematic diagram of a mine blasting monitoring system based on an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, it includes multiple expandable blasting vibration measuring piles 1 and a visual tracking module 2; wherein, multiple expandable blasting vibration measuring piles 1 are respectively inserted into boreholes located at different rock layers and height positions in the blasting area to be monitored in the mine, and preferably, the borehole diameter is 75mm.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an expandable blasting vibration testing pile provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile in an expanded state according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 : is a cross-sectional view of an expanded blasting vibration measuring pile provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2-Figure 4As shown, the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile 1 includes a central rod 15 and an expansion portion sleeved on the outside of the central rod 15; a synchronous clock module 112 and a cache unit 111 are arranged inside the central rod 15, and a three-axis accelerometer 11 and a marking point 18 are respectively arranged at both ends of the central rod 15; the expansion portion includes a plurality of expandable support plates 13, and a pressure sensor is coupled to the root of the expandable support plate 13.

[0023] Specifically, the visual tracking module 2 is arranged in a safe area and performs full-process video tracking of the marking point 18 at the tail of the expansion-type blasting vibration pile 1 to obtain the displacement curve during the blasting.

[0024] Specifically, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a strain gauge 19 is provided in the gap between adjacent expandable support sheets 13 , and the strain gauge 19 is electrically connected to the buffer unit 111 ; the strain gauge 19 is provided close to the wall of the drilled hole.

[0025] Specifically, the expandable support piece 13 is used to anchor the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile 1 in the borehole by supporting the borehole wall; A pressure sensor is used to obtain pressure information of the borehole wall; Strain gauge 19, used to obtain the strain curve of the borehole wall; A triaxial accelerometer 11 is used to obtain acceleration information of the expanded blasting vibration measuring pile 1 during blasting; Visual tracking module 2, used to obtain the displacement information of the marking point 18 during the blasting process; Synchronous clock module 112, used to synchronize timestamp information of multi-dimensional monitoring information; multi-dimensional monitoring information includes pressure information, strain curve, acceleration information and displacement information; The cache unit 111 is used to store multi-dimensional monitoring information.

[0026] Preferably, the marking point 18 includes a light emitting diode marking point, and the synchronization clock module 112 includes a GPS / PTP synchronization clock.

[0027] Preferably, the center rod 15 is a circular tubular structure. For example, the center rod 15 is made of an aluminum alloy tube with an outer diameter of about 40 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm, which not only ensures internal installation space, but also takes into account lightness and high strength, and is easy to move and arrange.

[0028] Specifically, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the unfolding portion further includes a concentric sleeve 17 slidably sleeved on the outside of the central rod 15, and the multiple unfolding support pieces 13 are connected to the concentric sleeve 17 via a rigid connecting rod 14. The two ends of the rigid connecting rod 14 are hinged to the unfolding support piece 13 and the concentric sleeve 17 respectively via hinges.

[0029] An annular baffle 12 is provided at the bottom end of the central rod 15 for cooperating with the rigid connecting rod 14 to expand the plurality of expandable support sheets 13 outward when the concentric sleeve 17 is pushed to slide toward the annular baffle 12 .

[0030] Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of expandable support sheets 13 are arranged at equal angular intervals along the concentric sleeve 17 .

[0031] In an optional embodiment provided by the present invention, a 0.6 mm concentric gap is reserved between the concentric sleeve 17 and the center rod 15 to ensure smooth pushing and pulling. Three expandable support plates 13 are evenly hinged to the outer wall of the concentric sleeve 17, arranged at 120° intervals. When the concentric sleeve 17 is pushed downward, the expandable support plates 13, under the combined action of the rigid connecting rod 14 and the annular baffle 12, unfold and adhere to the hole wall, forming a three-point support structure.

[0032] Preferably, the expandable support piece 13 includes an arc-shaped support piece, and the pressure sensor includes a three-axis pressure sensor.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expandable support plate 13 has an arc length of 75 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. Made of high-strength titanium alloy, it achieves a surface roughness of Ra ≥ 6 µm after hard-oxidation treatment. This significantly increases the coefficient of friction between the support plate and the hole wall, thereby enhancing the anchoring stability of the pile. The root of each expandable support plate 13 is coupled via a rigid connecting rod 14 to a three-dimensional pressure sensor mounted on the inner wall of a concentric sleeve 17, providing real-time measurement of the radial, circumferential, and axial components of the hole wall force.

[0034] Compared with the traditional stress testing method of attaching a patch to the hole surface, the expandable support sheet structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention can directly capture the actual stress state deep inside the hole wall, effectively avoiding surface interference.

[0035] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of strain gauge interfaces 16 are further provided on the concentric sleeve 17 , and the strain gauge 19 is electrically connected to the cache unit 111 via the strain gauge interface 16 .

[0036] Specifically, three strain gauges 19 are mounted on the borehole wall in the blank space between the expandable support plates 13 and connected to the cache unit 111 through the equiangularly distributed strain gauge interfaces 16 on the concentric sleeve 17, thereby synchronously recording the dynamic strain curve of the borehole wall.

[0037] Preferably, the strain gauge 19 comprises a resistance strain gauge.

[0038] Preferably, the visual tracking module 2 comprises a high-speed camera.

[0039] Preferably, the cache unit 111 is a local high-speed SD card storage device with a continuous write rate of ≥90 MB / s, which can cache all raw data without frame loss under high sampling rate (20 kS / s) conditions; the synchronization clock module 112 provides a unified timestamp for all sensor signals and high-speed camera images, and its timing accuracy is better than 50 ns, which can ensure the accurate alignment of multi-stake and multi-source data on the same time axis.

[0040] Preferably, if Figure 4 As shown, a power supply 110 is also provided inside the central rod 15 for providing electrical energy to the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile 1 .

[0041] In an optional implementation provided by the present invention, multiple expandable blasting vibration monitoring piles 1 are inserted into boreholes at different heights and in different lithologic layers within the blasting area to form a layered, multi-point synchronous monitoring network. By superimposing the peak acceleration, pressure, and displacement values ​​of each expandable blasting vibration monitoring pile 1, the spatial attenuation pattern of the blasting load in the rock mass can be intuitively reflected, providing a quantitative basis for setting mine safety thresholds.

[0042] Figure 5 The present invention provides a monitoring method for a mine blasting monitoring system based on an expandable blasting vibration pile. Figure 5 As shown, the method specifically includes the following steps: In step S502 , a plurality of expandable blasting vibration detection piles are respectively inserted into boreholes located at different rock layers and heights in a blasting area to be monitored in the mine, and a visual tracking module is set in front of the blasting area to be monitored.

[0043] Step S504 : pushing the expansion portion of the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile so that the multiple expandable support pieces are in an expanded state and closely attached to the borehole wall.

[0044] Specifically, the concentric sleeve is pushed downward from the outside, and under the action of the rigid connecting rod and the annular baffle, the expandable support sheet is automatically expanded and closely adheres to the hole wall to complete the anchoring.

[0045] Step S506 , mounting strain gauges on the hole walls between the plurality of expandable support sheets, and electrically connecting the strain gauges to the buffer unit.

[0046] Step S508: At the start of blasting, the synchronous clock module is controlled to output a unified trigger signal to the multiple sensors and the visual tracking module so that the multiple sensors and the visual tracking module can synchronously sample and obtain multi-dimensional monitoring information; the multiple sensors include pressure sensors, strain gauges, and three-axis acceleration sensors; the multi-dimensional monitoring information includes pressure information, strain curves, acceleration information, and displacement information.

[0047] It should be noted that at the beginning of blasting, the power supply of the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile needs to be turned on.

[0048] Step S510: storing the multi-dimensional monitoring information in a cache unit.

[0049] Specifically, after the blasting is completed, the host computer software performs unified time axis superposition and spectrum analysis on the multi-pile data to obtain a multi-dimensional coupling curve of the propagation and attenuation of blasting vibration along the height direction of the rock mass, providing a scientific basis for subsequent blasting parameter optimization and mine safety assessment.

[0050] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention provide a mine blasting monitoring system and method based on deployable blasting vibration monitoring piles. Compared with traditional single-point vibration monitoring solutions, they have the following technical effects: (1) Rapid and non-destructive anchoring of the borehole wall is achieved through the “expandable and retractable” vibration pile structure; (2) Improve monitoring accuracy and data reliability. Through the multiple sensors and high-speed cameras built into the expanded blasting vibration pile, high-precision synchronous collection and analysis of multi-source data can be achieved, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data; (3) Local cache design avoids data loss caused by on-site network instability and improves system robustness and on-site adaptability; (4) Compared with the traditional method that relies only on a single vibration sensor, the present invention can significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of blasting effect evaluation through dual-channel redundant acquisition of "optical displacement + vibration sensing"; (5) Improved structural stability and impact resistance: The expandable arc-shaped support plate design can effectively fit the hole wall, preventing the pile body from deformation or displacement under blasting impact, thus ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the data; (6) Improve environmental adaptability and durability: The arc-shaped support plate uses high-strength titanium alloy and surface treatment technology, which improves the applicability and durability of the equipment in complex environments and reduces the cost of equipment maintenance and replacement; (7) Improve blasting safety assessment capabilities: Through comprehensive analysis of multi-level and multi-source data, accurate assessment of blasting impact can be achieved, hidden dangers of mine instability can be discovered in a timely manner, and the safety of blasting operations and the environment can be ensured; (8) Promoting sustainable mine development: The present invention can reliably provide accurate monitoring data over a long period of time, supporting long-term stable mining and ecological environmental protection in mining areas, and is in line with the concept of sustainable development; (9) Enhanced data processing and analysis capabilities: The present invention combines the GPS / PTP synchronous clock module with a high-speed camera to achieve efficient real-time processing and analysis of data, facilitating rapid decision-making and disaster warning.

[0051] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A mine blasting monitoring system based on an expandable blasting vibration pile, characterized in that: It includes multiple expandable blasting vibration measuring piles and visual tracking modules; among them, The deployable blasting vibration measuring pile includes a central rod and an deployable portion sleeved on the outside of the central rod; a synchronous clock module and a cache unit are disposed inside the central rod, and a three-axis accelerometer and a marking point are disposed at each end of the central rod; the deployable portion includes a plurality of deployable support plates, and a pressure sensor is coupled to the base of the deployable support plates; A strain gauge is provided at the gap position between adjacent expandable support sheets, and the strain gauge is electrically connected to the buffer unit; the strain gauge is provided close to the wall of the drill hole; The expandable support piece is used to anchor the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile in the borehole by supporting the borehole wall; The pressure sensor is used to obtain pressure information of the borehole wall; The strain gauge is used to obtain the strain curve of the borehole wall; The triaxial accelerometer is used to obtain acceleration information of the expansion-type blasting vibration-measuring pile during blasting; The visual tracking module is used to obtain the displacement information of the marking point during the blasting process; The synchronous clock module is used to synchronize the timestamp information of the multi-dimensional monitoring information; the multi-dimensional monitoring information includes the pressure information, the strain curve, the acceleration information and the displacement information; The cache unit is used to store the multi-dimensional monitoring information.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The marking point includes a light emitting diode marking point.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The central rod is a circular tubular structure.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The deployment portion further includes a concentric sleeve slidably mounted on the outside of the central rod, and the plurality of deployable support pieces are connected to the concentric sleeve via a rigid connecting rod; both ends of the rigid connecting rod are hinged to the deployable support piece and the concentric sleeve respectively via hinges; An annular baffle is provided at the bottom end of the central rod, which is used to cooperate with the rigid connecting rod to expand the multiple expandable support sheets outward when pushing the concentric sleeve to slide toward the annular baffle.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The plurality of expandable support sheets are arranged at equal angular intervals along the concentric sleeve.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that A plurality of strain gauge interfaces are also provided on the concentric sleeve, and the strain gauges are electrically connected to the cache unit via the strain gauge interfaces.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The expandable support piece includes an arc-shaped support piece.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The visual tracking module includes a high-speed camera.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The multiple expandable blasting vibration detection piles are respectively inserted into boreholes located in different rock layers and heights in the blasting area to be monitored in the mine.

10. A monitoring method for a mine blasting monitoring system based on an expandable blasting vibration measuring pile according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Inserting the plurality of expandable blasting vibration detection piles into boreholes located at different rock layers and heights within the blasting area to be monitored in the mine, and placing the visual tracking module in front of the blasting area to be monitored; Pushing the expansion portion of the expandable blasting vibration measuring pile so that the multiple expandable support pieces are in an expanded state and closely adhere to the borehole wall; Mounting the strain gauge on the hole wall between the plurality of expandable support sheets, and electrically connecting the strain gauge to the cache unit; At the start of blasting, the synchronous clock module is controlled to output a unified trigger signal to the multiple sensors and the visual tracking module, so that the multiple sensors and the visual tracking module synchronously sample to obtain multi-dimensional monitoring information; the multiple sensors include the pressure sensor, the strain gauge, and the triaxial acceleration sensor; the multi-dimensional monitoring information includes the pressure information, the strain curve, the acceleration information, and the displacement information; The multi-dimensional monitoring information is stored in the cache unit.

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