Method for rapidly detecting maturity of tobacco in harvesting period

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting maturity of tobacco in a harvesting period, and relates to the technical field of agricultural information, the method comprises the steps of 1, multi-dimensional data acquisition, 2, quantitative index conversion and 3, tobacco maturity visualization, a three-dimensional data system is constructed by acquiring data of each leaf of each tobacco in a tobacco field, and the tobacco maturity can be visually detected through the three-dimensional data system. Indexes such as leaf tip crimpness and chlorophyll degradation rate are quantified and fused into a maturity index, a harvesting score grade is generated, artificial experience is converted into an objective standard to avoid interference of a single factor, and maturity judgment of each tobacco in a tobacco field is improved. Through maturity comprehensive index visualization and historical trend comparison, a maturity area is positioned, a rule is analyzed, and data is uploaded to a management system in real time to realize a digital closed loop of a detected decision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural information technology, and in particular to a method for quickly detecting the maturity of tobacco during the harvest period. Background Art

[0002] Traditional tobacco testing relies on manual experience and judges the maturity of tobacco leaves by visually observing their appearance. This has high labor costs, low efficiency, and is unable to penetrate the upper leaves to detect the maturity of the lower leaves, resulting in insufficient accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to study a method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity during the harvest period to improve detection efficiency.

[0003] Existing technologies include a tobacco maturity detection method and system based on airborne multispectral data disclosed in an invention patent application with announcement number CN115495703B, which includes: collecting chlorophyll data of the upper, middle and lower parts of tobacco plants in the sample area, constructing an upper reference layer relationship equation, calculating a multispectral vegetation index, selecting a sensitive index to invert the upper chlorophyll, substituting the data of the tobacco field to be tested into the calculation of the chlorophyll of each part, determining the maturity according to the standard, and realizing large-scale rapid detection. Existing technologies include a tobacco leaf maturity stratification detection method and device disclosed in an invention patent application with announcement number CN116824365B, which includes: fusing airborne multispectral data of different resolutions with the chlorophyll content values ​​of tobacco leaves measured in the field, constructing a chlorophyll content value inversion model for the canopy and layers, forming a complete judgment system, expanding the monitoring range through multi-altitude drone collaboration, reducing dependence on ultra-high resolution images, and being suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0004] From the above scheme, it can be seen that the current rapid detection technology for tobacco maturity during the harvest period, although it expands the monitoring range through multi-spectral data or multi-altitude drone collaboration, does not fully consider the changes in tobacco leaf chlorophyll due to climate or the impact of weather temperature on spectral data during drone data collection, which will lead to misjudgment of maturity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quickly detecting the maturity of tobacco during the harvest period, which solves the problems existing in the background technology.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a method for rapid detection of maturity of tobacco during the harvest period, step 1. Collection of multidimensional data: obtaining various morphological parameters, characteristic values ​​of various physiological indicators, near-infrared wavelength reflectance and red light wavelength reflectance of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco field, the various morphological parameters include: the total length of the leaf when not curled, the angle between the tangent line of each edge monitoring point at the curled part of the leaf and the horizontal line, and the length of the curled part of the leaf from the curling starting point to the leaf tip; the aforementioned physiological indicators include: relative chlorophyll content and leaf water content.

[0007] Step 2. Quantitative index conversion: Calculate the curl of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field, analyze the chlorophyll degradation rate of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field, construct the maturity index of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field, and obtain the comprehensive harvesting score grade of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field through comprehensive calculation, and then judge whether each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field has reached the harvesting level.

[0008] Step 3. Visualization of tobacco maturity: Screen and collect tobacco leaves from the tobacco fields, calculate the comprehensive maturity index of each tobacco leaf in the fields, compare and analyze the trends with the data from previous years, and upload them to the management system to generate picking tasks and arrange harvesters to pick the tobacco leaves.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) Step 1 of the present invention collects multidimensional data, and constructs a three-dimensional data system by acquiring data of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco field, thereby improving comprehensiveness and generalization capabilities.

[0010] (2) Step 2 of the present invention is to convert quantitative indicators into maturity indexes by quantifying indicators such as leaf tip curling and chlorophyll degradation rate and integrating them into maturity indexes. Harvesting score grades are generated through comprehensive calculations, thereby converting traditional fuzzy judgments that rely on manual experience into quantifiable objective standards, effectively avoiding the influence of a single factor on the test results, and improving the maturity judgment of each leaf of each tobacco collected from the tobacco field.

[0011] (3) Step 3 of the present invention is to visualize tobacco maturity. By visualizing the maturity comprehensive index and comparing it with historical trends, the distribution area of ​​mature leaves in the field can be intuitively located and the annual change pattern can be analyzed. At the same time, the data can be uploaded to the management system in real time to achieve a digital closed loop from detection to decision-making. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for quickly detecting the maturity of tobacco during the harvest period, comprising: step 1. collecting multidimensional data: obtaining various morphological parameters, characteristic values ​​of various physiological indicators, near-infrared wavelength reflectance, and red light wavelength reflectance of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco field, wherein the various morphological parameters include: the total length of the leaf when not curled, the angle between the tangent line of each edge monitoring point at the curled part of the leaf and the horizontal line, and the length of the curled part of the leaf from the curling starting point to the leaf tip; the various physiological indicators include: the relative content of chlorophyll and the water content of the leaf.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, the morphological parameters, characteristic values ​​of physiological indicators, near-infrared wavelength reflectance, and red light wavelength reflectance of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco field are obtained and collected. The specific acquisition method of the morphological parameters is: using an image recognition algorithm to perform contour segmentation on the RGB image of the leaf, main vein positioning and curvature calculation to achieve automatic extraction, the characteristic values ​​of physiological indicators are obtained by actual measurement through a portable chlorophyll meter and a moisture detector, and the near-infrared and red light wavelength reflectances are collected with the help of a portable ground object spectrometer, and the spectral data are recorded synchronously and the reflectance is calibrated to form a multidimensional data set covering morphological, physiological and spectral information.

[0017] The present invention comprises the following steps: 1. collecting multi-dimensional data, and constructing a three-dimensional data system by acquiring data of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco field, thereby improving comprehensiveness and generalization ability.

[0018] Step 2. Quantitative index conversion: Calculate the curl of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field, analyze the chlorophyll degradation rate of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field, construct the maturity index of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field, and obtain the comprehensive harvesting score grade of each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field through comprehensive calculation, and then judge whether each tobacco leaf in the collected tobacco field has reached the harvesting level.

[0019] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the curling degree of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field is as follows: based on the total length L of each leaf of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field when it is not curled xy , the length of the curled part of the leaf from the curling starting point to the tip of the leaf C xy The angle θ between the tangent line of the curled blade at each monitoring point and the horizontal line xyt, where x represents the number of each tobacco leaf, x = 1, 2, ..., n, n is a positive integer greater than 2, y represents the number of each leaf leaf, y = 1, 2, ..., m, m is a positive integer greater than 2, t represents the number of each monitoring point, t = 1, 2, ..., p, p is a positive integer greater than 2, that is, the curling characteristic value of the curled part of each leaf of each tobacco leaf is

[0020] Obtain the angle θ between the tangent line of each tobacco leaf curling point and the horizontal line at the last monitoring point from the local database (t-1)xy , where t-1 represents the previous monitoring point of each monitoring point. The edge comparison angle A is obtained from the local database, and the change in the curling angle of each leaf tip of each tobacco leaf between the previous monitoring point and the current monitoring point is calculated as Calculate the curl α of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco field xy =S xy ×Δθ xy .

[0021] It should be noted that the angle between the tangent line at the curled blade at each monitoring point and the horizontal line is based on the horizontal line when the blade is naturally stretched. Tangent lines are drawn at the inflection points of the curved edge of the curled blade, and the angle formed by the tangent line and the horizontal line.

[0022] It should also be noted that the edge comparison angle is an angle value selected from 0 to 180 degrees for comparison, but 0 is not selected as the edge comparison angle value.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the angle between the tangent and the horizontal line at the curling point of the leaf at each monitoring point is obtained by: laying the leaf flat on coordinate paper, drawing a horizontal reference line along the extension direction of the main vein, placing a transparent protractor at the most obvious curling point, and visually making the edge of the protractor completely fit the edge of the leaf, marking the tangent direction, and directly reading the angle scale value between the tangent and the reference line, repeating three times to obtain the arithmetic mean.

[0024] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the chlorophyll degradation rate of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco field is analyzed and collected, and the specific method is as follows: the relative chlorophyll content B of each leaf of each tobacco at the first monitoring point is obtained from the database. xy The water content of each leaf of each tobacco at the first monitoring point is D xy The relative chlorophyll content of each tobacco leaf at the current monitoring point is B′ xy The water content of each leaf is D′ xy , the chlorophyll degradation rate of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field was analyzed. where B′ xy >0, D′ xy>0, Δt is the time interval between the current monitoring point and the first monitoring point.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the method for obtaining the relative chlorophyll content of each leaf of each tobacco at the first monitoring point, the leaf moisture content of each leaf of each tobacco at the first monitoring point, the relative chlorophyll content of each leaf of each tobacco at the current monitoring point and the moisture content of each leaf are consistent with the acquisition method in the above step 1.

[0026] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for constructing the maturity index of each leaf tip of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field is as follows: based on the conventional reflectance data RIN of the near-infrared wavelength of each leaf tip of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field, the conventional reflectance data RIN of the near-infrared wavelength of each tobacco leaf tip is collected. xy and conventional reflectivity data R at red wavelengths xy , obtain the conventional reflectance data RIN of the target near-infrared wavelength and the conventional reflectance data R of the target red wavelength from the local database, and construct the maturity index of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, the conventional reflectivity data of the target near-infrared light band wavelength and the conventional reflectivity data of the target red light band wavelength are obtained by using a portable ground object spectrometer to aim at the tip of the leaf 10-15 cm, repeatedly collecting the spectral curve for each leaf 5 times, eliminating the outliers and taking the average value as the reflectivity data of the leaf.

[0028] It should be noted that the conventional reflectivity data of the target near-infrared wavelength band and the conventional reflectivity data of the target red wavelength band refer to a data value selected after taking the average of this spectral curve for calculation.

[0029] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the comprehensive operation is used to obtain the comprehensive harvesting score of each tobacco in the tobacco field. The specific method is: obtain the weight coefficient ω of the curling degree of the leaf tip, the weight coefficient μ of the chlorophyll degradation rate and the weight coefficient η of the maturity index of the leaf tip from the local database, and perform comprehensive operation to obtain the comprehensive scoring coefficient of each tobacco in the tobacco field. The comprehensive scoring coefficient intervals of each tobacco in the collected tobacco field are obtained from the local database, and the corresponding comprehensive harvesting score levels are mapped.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the weight coefficient of the curling of the leaf tip, the weight coefficient of the chlorophyll degradation rate and the weight coefficient of the maturity index of the leaf tip are obtained by a specific method: weighting is performed based on the hierarchical analysis method and common knowledge, and the weight coefficient of the curling of the leaf tip, the weight coefficient of the chlorophyll degradation rate and the weight coefficient of the maturity index of the leaf tip are added together to be 1, such as: the weight coefficient of the curling of the leaf tip is assigned to be 0.25, the weight coefficient of the chlorophyll degradation rate is assigned to be 0.4, and the weight coefficient of the maturity index of the leaf tip is assigned to be 0.35.

[0031] It should be noted that, according to the common knowledge maturity index, the relative content of chlorophyll occupies a core position, so the weight coefficient of chlorophyll degradation rate is the most weighted.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific method for judging whether each tobacco in the collected tobacco field has reached the harvesting level is: based on the comprehensive harvesting score level of each tobacco in the collected tobacco field, if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the first comprehensive harvesting score level, then the tobacco in the collected tobacco field has reached the emergency harvesting level; if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the second comprehensive harvesting score level, then the tobacco in the collected tobacco field has reached the level to be harvested; if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the third comprehensive harvesting score level, then the tobacco in the collected tobacco field has not reached the harvesting level.

[0033] It should be noted that the emergency harvesting level is when the characteristics of the tobacco collected in the tobacco field are completely curled leaf tips, the maturity index of the leaf tips is greater than 0.7, and the chlorophyll degradation rate is greater than 60%, and emergency harvesting is required. The waiting harvesting level is when the characteristics of the tobacco collected in the tobacco field are slightly curled leaf tips, the maturity index of the leaf tips is greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than 0.7, and the chlorophyll degradation rate is between 30-60%, and it is included in the recent harvesting plan. The harvesting level has not been reached when the characteristics of the tobacco collected in the tobacco field are straight leaves or containing blue spots, and the maturity index of the leaf tips is less than 0.4, and harvesting is prohibited.

[0034] Step 2 of the present invention converts quantitative indicators into a maturity index by quantifying indicators such as leaf tip curling and chlorophyll degradation rate and integrating them into a maturity index. A harvesting score grade is generated through comprehensive calculation, thereby converting the traditional fuzzy judgment that relies on manual experience into a quantifiable objective standard, effectively avoiding the influence of a single factor on the test results, and improving the maturity judgment of each leaf of each tobacco collected from the tobacco field.

[0035] Step 3. Visualization of tobacco maturity: Screen and collect tobacco leaves from the tobacco fields, calculate the comprehensive maturity index of each tobacco leaf in the fields, compare and analyze the trends with the data from previous years, and upload them to the management system to generate picking tasks and arrange harvesters to pick the tobacco leaves.

[0036] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific method for screening and collecting each picked tobacco in the tobacco field is as follows: based on judging whether each tobacco in the collected tobacco field has reached the harvesting level, if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the first comprehensive harvesting score level or at the second comprehensive harvesting score level, the harvesting level reached by the certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is determined, and then the picked tobacco in the collected tobacco field is screened.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the comprehensive index of maturity of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field is as follows: based on the curl degree, chlorophyll degradation rate, and maturity index of the leaf tip of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field, the actual weather temperature E at the time of collection is obtained through a temperature sensor, and the optimal temperature E of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field is obtained from a local database. xy , minimum tolerance temperature E' xy and maximum tolerance temperature E″ xy , calculate the temperature suitability of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field as The comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of tobacco collected in the tobacco field is calculated as Where e represents a natural constant.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the optimum temperature, minimum tolerable temperature and maximum tolerable temperature of each leaf of each tobacco in the collected tobacco field are obtained by a specific method: healthy leaves of each tobacco variety in the collected tobacco field are collected, placed in a constant temperature culture room for gradient temperature stress treatment, and the optimum temperature, minimum tolerable temperature and maximum tolerable temperature of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco field are collected by observing the changes in cell membrane permeability, relative chlorophyll content and leaf symptoms in the leaves.

[0039] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the trend comparison analysis with the data of previous years is performed, and its specific method is as follows: the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco fields in previous years, the curling degree of the leaf tip, the maturity of the leaf tip, the chlorophyll degradation rate and the temperature suitability are obtained from the local database; if the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco fields this year is lower than the comprehensive index of maturity in previous years, the influence of each indicator on it is analyzed, and special manual intervention is carried out for each indicator problem to improve the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco fields; if the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco fields this year is higher than the comprehensive index of maturity in previous years, by analyzing the changes in each indicator, systematic optimization suggestions for variety layout, field management and risk prevention and control for tobacco planting next year can be provided.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco leaf collected from the tobacco fields in previous years, the curling degree of the leaf tip, the maturity of the leaf tip, the chlorophyll degradation rate and the temperature suitability are obtained by directly extracting from the management platform.

[0041] It should be noted that special manual intervention is carried out for each indicator problem. For example, if it is a temperature suitability problem, the special manual intervention method is to activate the intelligent temperature control greenhouse to carry out precise temperature increase and decrease intervention to improve the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco field.

[0042] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous uploading to the management system generates picking tasks and arranges harvesters to pick, and the specific method is as follows: uniquely encode the plots, rows, and tobacco information according to the screened pickable tobacco, and synchronously upload it to the management system. Digital picking tasks containing geographic coordinates, comprehensive harvesting score levels and picking priorities are automatically generated through the geographic information system, and are divided into harvesting teams according to regions. Intelligent dispatching is combined with the number of regional harvesters. Operation instructions containing the codes of each tobacco in the collected tobacco field, comprehensive harvesting score levels and path planning are pushed to the operating personnel through mobile terminals to locate and confirm the target tobacco. After the harvest is completed, the task status is marked in real time. The system synchronously updates the data and generates a visual progress monitoring dashboard to achieve digital closed-loop management of the entire process of task creation, distribution, execution, and feedback.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the unique coding of plots, rows, columns, and tobacco information is performed based on the screened pickable tobacco. The specific coding method is as follows: the unique coding of the pickable tobacco adopts a four-segment structure of "plot-row-column-single plant", the plot number is manually marked with 2 digits according to the actual partition, the row and column numbers are based on the upper left corner of the plot as the origin, and the grid is divided according to a spacing of 1.2 meters, and are represented by 3 digits respectively. The single plant serial number is sorted according to the planting time of plants in the same row and column. When encoding, the tobacco geographic coordinates and other information are first extracted to match the plot number, and then the row and column numbers are determined by the row and column calculation formula. Finally, the single plant serial number is generated, and the database unique index check is used to avoid duplication, such as: F03-G015-H020-P01, indicating the first pickable tobacco in the 3rd plot, 15th row, and 20th column.

[0044] Step 3 of the present invention is to visualize tobacco maturity. By visualizing the maturity comprehensive index and comparing it with historical trends, the distribution area of ​​mature leaves in the field can be intuitively located and the annual change pattern can be analyzed. At the same time, the data can be uploaded to the management system in real time to achieve a digital closed loop from detection to decision-making.

[0045] The above content is merely an example and explanation of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they should all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity during harvesting period, characterized in that: include: Step 1. Multidimensional Data Collection: Acquiring various morphological parameters, characteristic values ​​of various physiological indicators, and reflectance of wavelengths in the near-infrared band and red light band of each leaf of each tobacco plant in the tobacco field. The morphological parameters include: total length of the leaf when not curled, angle between the tangent line of each edge monitoring point at the curled leaf and the horizontal line, and length of the curled portion of the leaf from the curling starting point to the leaf tip. The physiological indicators include: relative chlorophyll content and leaf water content. Step 2. Quantitative index conversion: Calculate the curl of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco plant in the collected tobacco field, analyze the chlorophyll degradation rate of each leaf of each tobacco plant in the collected tobacco field, construct the maturity index of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco plant in the collected tobacco field, and comprehensively calculate to obtain the comprehensive harvest score grade of each tobacco plant in the collected tobacco field, thereby determining whether each tobacco plant in the collected tobacco field has reached the harvest level; Step 3. Visualization of tobacco maturity: Screen and collect tobacco leaves from the tobacco fields, calculate the comprehensive maturity index of each tobacco leaf in the fields, compare and analyze the trends with the data from previous years, and upload them to the management system to generate picking tasks and arrange harvesters to pick the tobacco leaves.

2. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for calculating the curl of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field is as follows: According to the total length L of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco field when it is not curled xy , the length of the curled part of the leaf from the curling starting point to the tip of the leaf C xy The angle θ between the tangent line of the curled blade at each monitoring point and the horizontal line xyt , where x represents the number of each tobacco leaf, x = 1, 2, ..., n, n is a positive integer greater than 2, y represents the number of each leaf leaf, y = 1, 2, ..., m, m is a positive integer greater than 2, t represents the number of each monitoring point, t = 1, 2, ..., p, p is a positive integer greater than 2, that is, the curling characteristic value of the curled part of each leaf of each tobacco leaf is Obtain the angle θ between the tangent line of each tobacco leaf curling point and the horizontal line at the last monitoring point from the local database (t-1)xy , where t-1 represents the previous monitoring point of each monitoring point. The edge comparison angle A is obtained from the local database, and the change in the curling angle of each leaf tip of each tobacco leaf between the previous monitoring point and the current monitoring point is calculated as Calculate the curl α of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco collected in the tobacco field xy =S xy ×Δθ xy .

3. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific method for analyzing and collecting the chlorophyll degradation rate of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco field is as follows: Obtain the relative chlorophyll content B of each tobacco leaf at the first monitoring point from this database xy The water content of each leaf of each tobacco at the first monitoring point is D xy The relative chlorophyll content of each tobacco leaf at the current monitoring point is B′ xy The water content of each leaf is D′ xy , the chlorophyll degradation rate of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field was analyzed. where B′ xy >0, D′ xy >0, Δt is the time interval between the current monitoring point and the first monitoring point.

4. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific method for constructing the maturity index of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field is as follows: Based on the conventional reflectance data RIN of the near-infrared wavelength of each leaf tip of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field xy and conventional reflectivity data R at red wavelengths xy , obtain the conventional reflectance data RIN of the target near-infrared wavelength and the conventional reflectance data R of the target red wavelength from the local database, and construct the maturity index of the tip of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field.

5. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 4, characterized in that: The comprehensive calculation is used to obtain the comprehensive harvesting score of each tobacco in the tobacco field, and the specific method is as follows: The weight coefficient ω of the curling degree of the leaf tip, the weight coefficient μ of the chlorophyll degradation rate, and the weight coefficient η of the maturity index of the leaf tip are obtained from the local database, and the comprehensive score coefficient of each tobacco in the collected tobacco field is obtained by comprehensive calculation. The comprehensive scoring coefficient intervals of each tobacco in the collected tobacco field are obtained from the local database, and the corresponding comprehensive harvesting score levels are mapped.

6. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific method for judging whether each tobacco in the tobacco field has reached the harvest level is as follows: According to the comprehensive harvesting score level of each tobacco in the collected tobacco field, if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the first comprehensive harvesting score level, then the tobacco in the collected tobacco field reaches the emergency harvesting level; if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the second comprehensive harvesting score level, then the tobacco in the collected tobacco field reaches the level to be harvested; if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a certain tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the third comprehensive harvesting score level, then the tobacco in the collected tobacco field has not reached the harvesting level.

7. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of screening and collecting the tobacco picked from the tobacco field is as follows: Based on the judgment of whether each tobacco in the collected tobacco field has reached the harvest level, if the comprehensive harvesting score level of a tobacco in the collected tobacco field is at the first comprehensive harvesting score level or the second comprehensive harvesting score level, then the tobacco in the collected tobacco field has reached the harvest level, and then the picked tobacco in the collected tobacco field is screened out.

8. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific method for calculating the comprehensive index of maturity of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field is as follows: According to the curl degree, chlorophyll degradation rate and maturity index of the leaf tip of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field, the actual weather temperature E at the time of collection is obtained through the temperature sensor, and the optimal temperature E of each leaf of each tobacco leaf in the tobacco field is obtained from the local database. xy , minimum tolerance temperature E' xy and maximum tolerance temperature E″ xy , calculate the temperature suitability of each tobacco leaf collected in the tobacco field as The comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of tobacco collected in the tobacco field is calculated as Where e represents a natural constant.

9. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for comparative analysis of trends with data from previous years is as follows: The comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco fields collected in previous years, the curling degree of the leaf tip, the maturity of the leaf tip, the chlorophyll degradation rate and the temperature suitability are obtained from the local database. If the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco fields collected this year is lower than the comprehensive index of maturity in previous years, the impact of each indicator on it is analyzed, and special manual intervention is carried out for each indicator problem to improve the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco fields collected. If the comprehensive index of maturity of each leaf of each tobacco in the tobacco fields collected this year is higher than the comprehensive index of maturity in previous years, by analyzing the changes in each indicator, systematic optimization suggestions for variety layout, field management and risk prevention and control for tobacco planting next year can be provided.

10. The method for rapid detection of tobacco maturity at harvest time according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific method of synchronously uploading to the management system to generate picking tasks and arranging harvesters to pick is as follows: According to the selected harvestable tobacco, the plots, rows, and tobacco information are uniquely coded and uploaded to the management system simultaneously. The digital picking tasks containing geographic coordinates, comprehensive harvesting score grades and picking priorities are automatically generated through the geographic information system. The tasks are divided into harvesting teams according to regions, and intelligent dispatch is carried out based on the number of harvesters in the region. Operational instructions containing the codes of each tobacco in the tobacco field, comprehensive harvesting score grades and path planning are pushed to the operators through mobile terminals to locate and confirm the target tobacco. After the harvest is completed, the task status is marked in real time. The system synchronously updates the data and generates a visual progress monitoring dashboard to realize digital closed-loop management of the entire process of task creation, distribution, execution and feedback.

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