Method, device and equipment for measuring rotating speed of rolling bearing retainer

Abstract

The invention discloses a method, a device and equipment for measuring the rotating speed of a rolling bearing retainer, and relates to the technical field of mechanical diagnosis intellectualization. The optical fiber sensor is arranged on the basis of the rolling bearing, so that light of the optical fiber sensor passes through a gap between a non-guide ferrule and a retainer of the rolling bearing, and time-varying voltage signals in corresponding states are acquired by utilizing periodical obstruction of a rolling body to the light emitted by the optical fiber sensor in the running process of the rolling bearing; and performing frequency spectrum transformation on the voltage signal to obtain the passing characteristic frequency of the light of the rolling body of the rolling bearing to be measured passing through the optical fiber sensor, thereby determining the actual rotating speed of the retainer of the rolling bearing to be measured based on the geometrical characteristics of the rolling bearing to be measured. The method avoids the influence of environmental noise interference, does not need to establish a complex feature model, does not need to modify the structure of the rolling bearing, and can achieve the real-time, rapid and accurate measurement of the rolling bearing retainer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent mechanical diagnosis, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage. Background Art

[0002] Rolling bearings, as essential components in mechanical systems, are widely used in a wide range of fields, including industrial equipment, transportation vehicles, and aerospace equipment. In these applications, the performance of rolling bearings directly impacts the stable and reliable operation of the entire system. The cage, a key component within the rolling bearing, primarily separates and guides the rolling elements, and to a certain extent influences the bearing's load capacity, friction characteristics, and service life. The cage's rotational speed is a crucial performance parameter, and accurately measuring it is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of the rolling bearing's operating conditions, optimizing bearing design, and diagnosing faults.

[0003] Existing methods for measuring the cage speed of rolling bearings primarily include those based on magnetoelectric sensors, acoustic measurements, and vibration analysis. Magnetoelectric sensor-based methods require adherence to specific technical specifications during installation and commissioning, placing high demands on the installation of magnetic components, and the sensitivity of the magnetoelectric sensors needs to be adjusted according to the specific application scenario. Furthermore, interference from surrounding electromagnetic fields can affect the magnetoelectric sensor's measurement results. While vibration analysis methods can extract information related to the cage speed from the bearing's vibration signal, the signal processing process is quite complex. During operation, rolling bearings generate vibration signals with multiple frequency components, which overlap and are influenced by various factors, including the bearing's structure, load conditions, and operating environment. Accurately identifying the characteristic frequencies associated with the cage speed from this complex vibration spectrum requires the use of advanced signal processing algorithms and extensive experimental data for analysis and verification. Acoustic measurement methods also face challenges. In real-world industrial environments, a variety of noise sources exist. This environmental noise can be mixed into the bearing sound signals collected by acoustic sensors, interfering with the analysis of the acoustic characteristics related to the cage speed.

[0004] In summary, current rolling bearing cage speed measurement methods often need to consider environmental noise interference and establish complex characteristic models, making it difficult to achieve real-time, fast, and accurate measurement of rolling bearing cages. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method, device and equipment for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage in order to address the above technical problems.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage, wherein an optical fiber sensor is installed on at least one side of the rolling bearing; light from the optical fiber sensor passes through the gap between the non-guide ring and the cage of the rolling bearing; the method comprises: Acquire the geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing to be tested and the voltage signal collected by the optical fiber sensor during the operation of the rolling bearing to be tested; Performing spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain a characteristic frequency of light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested; The actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested is determined according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency.

[0007] Optionally, performing spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain a characteristic frequency of light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested specifically includes: Perform fast Fourier transform or Hilbert envelope transform on the voltage signal to obtain the characteristic frequency of light passing through the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested and the optical fiber sensor.

[0008] Optionally, determining the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested according to the geometric features and the passing characteristic frequency specifically includes: The actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested is determined according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency using the following formula: ; in, is the actual speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested, is the characteristic frequency of the light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested, is the number of rolling elements of the rolling bearing to be tested.

[0009] Optionally, before determining the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested, the method further includes: Performing noise reduction and / or filtering preprocessing on the voltage signal; The noise reduction includes at least one of a sliding average noise reduction method and a wavelet threshold noise reduction method; The filtering includes at least one of limiting filtering, Gaussian filtering and wavelet filtering.

[0010] Optionally, the geometric features of the rolling bearing to be tested include geometric dimensions of the rolling bearing element to be tested; and the method further comprises: Determine the theoretical rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested according to the geometric dimensions and inner ring rotational speed of the rolling bearing element to be tested; The slip rate of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested is determined based on the actual speed and the theoretical speed.

[0011] The present invention provides a rotation speed measuring device for a rolling bearing cage, comprising: an optical fiber sensor disposed on at least one side of the rolling bearing to be measured, wherein light from the optical fiber sensor passes through a gap between a non-guide ring of the rolling bearing and the cage; The optical fiber sensor is used to collect voltage signals during the operation of the rolling bearing to be tested; An acquisition module, configured to acquire the voltage signal and geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing to be tested; A frequency identification module is used to perform spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain a characteristic frequency of light passing through the optical fiber sensor when the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested passes through the optical fiber sensor; The speed measurement module is used to determine the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be measured according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency.

[0012] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the rotational speed measurement method of the rolling bearing cage is realized.

[0013] The present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the method for measuring the rotational speed of the rolling bearing cage is implemented.

[0014] At least one of the above technical solutions adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: The present invention utilizes a fiber optic sensor positioned on a rolling bearing to allow light from the fiber optic sensor to pass through the gap between the non-guide ring and the cage of the rolling bearing. This utilizes the periodic blocking of light emitted by the fiber optic sensor by the rolling elements during the operation of the rolling bearing, collects a time-varying voltage signal corresponding to the state, and performs spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain the characteristic frequency of light passing through the fiber optic sensor by the rolling elements of the rolling bearing under test. This frequency conversion then determines the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing under test based on the geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing under test. The present invention avoids the influence of environmental noise interference, eliminates the need to establish a complex characteristic model, and eliminates the need to modify the structure of the rolling bearing. It can achieve real-time, rapid, and accurate measurement of the cage of the rolling bearing under test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an optical fiber sensor and data processing flow provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a rotation speed measuring device for a rolling bearing cage provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a computer device for implementing a method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of a method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage according to the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps: S101: Acquire geometric features of the rolling bearing to be tested and voltage signals collected by the optical fiber sensor during the operation of the rolling bearing to be tested.

[0020] S102: Performing spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain a characteristic frequency of light passing through the optical fiber sensor when the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested passes through the optical fiber sensor.

[0021] S103: Determine the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency.

[0022] For the sake of convenience, the following description will only be based on the server as the execution subject. The server mentioned in the present invention can be a server set up on a business platform, or a device such as a desktop computer or a laptop computer that can execute the solution of the present invention.

[0023] In order to achieve real-time, rapid and accurate measurement of the rolling bearing cage, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, the rotational speed of the rolling bearing cage is measured based on an optical fiber sensor. The periodic blocking of the light emitted by the sensor by the rolling body during the operation of the rolling bearing is utilized to collect the time-varying voltage signal of the corresponding state, and then the actual rotational speed of the cage is quickly calculated. This avoids the influence of the structural modification of the bearing elements on the dynamic performance of the rolling bearing and eliminates the interference of factors such as environmental noise.

[0024] The fiber optic sensor is easy to install and does not require structural modifications to the rolling bearing components. It also does not require consideration of environmental noise interference or the establishment of complex characteristic models. It can achieve real-time, rapid, and accurate measurement of the cage and promptly reflect the operating status of the rolling bearing.

[0025] Specifically, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, the server of the service platform may first obtain geometric features of the rolling bearing to be tested, and the geometric features may at least include the number of rolling elements (balls) of the rolling bearing element to be tested.

[0026] An optical fiber sensor may be installed in advance on the rolling bearing to be tested, and light from the optical fiber sensor passes through the gap between the non-guide ring and the retaining frame of the rolling bearing to be tested.

[0027] The present invention does not restrict the specific type of fiber optic sensor used or the specific installation method. In practical applications, the installation method and location of the fiber optic sensor can be determined based on the installation and operating conditions, guidance method, guidance clearance, and lubrication method of the rolling bearing to be tested. The installation and operating conditions and lubrication method can be obtained from the process documentation; guidance methods include inner ring guidance and outer ring guidance.

[0028] For example, depending on the mounting method of the rolling bearing to be tested, a reflective fiber optic sensor or a through-beam fiber optic sensor can be selected. A reflective fiber optic sensor only needs to be installed on one side of the test bearing, while a through-beam fiber optic sensor needs to be installed on both sides of the test bearing. The mounting position should be adjusted so that the fiber optic sensor's light just passes through the gap between the non-guide ring and the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber sensor and data processing flow in the present invention. Figure 2 The red line in the figure is the light of the fiber optic sensor.

[0029] Therefore, the server can obtain the voltage signal collected by the optical fiber sensor during the operation of the rolling bearing to be tested.

[0030] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, to improve speed measurement accuracy, before determining the actual speed of the retainer of the rolling bearing under test, the server may convert the voltage signal into a digital signal and perform preprocessing to eliminate time delay and noise errors. Noise error elimination can be achieved through noise reduction and / or filtering. Noise reduction can include at least one of sliding average noise reduction and wavelet threshold denoising; and filtering can include at least one of limiting filtering, Gaussian filtering, and wavelet filtering.

[0031] Based on this, the server can perform spectrum transformation on the digital signal corresponding to the voltage signal. Specifically, it can perform spectrum transformation or Hilbert envelope transformation through fast Fourier transform to obtain the characteristic frequency of light passing through the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested through the optical fiber sensor.

[0032] Then, the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested can be determined according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency using the following formula: in, is the actual speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested, is the characteristic frequency of the light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested, is the number of rolling elements of the rolling bearing to be tested.

[0033] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, the server may also determine the theoretical rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested based on the geometric dimensions and inner ring rotational speed of the rolling bearing element to be tested; and determine the slip rate of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested based on the actual rotational speed and the theoretical rotational speed using the following formula: in, The theoretical speed of the cage can be obtained from the inner ring speed and the geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing. The geometric dimensions of the rolling bearing element to be tested can be obtained from the rolling bearing drawing file. The specific method for determining the theoretical speed of the cage is relatively mature and will not be described in detail in this invention.

[0034] based on Figure 1 The present invention relates to a method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage. The method employs a fiber optic sensor positioned within the rolling bearing, allowing light from the fiber optic sensor to pass through the gap between the non-guide ring and the cage of the rolling bearing. This method utilizes the periodic blocking of light emitted by the fiber optic sensor by the rolling elements during the operation of the rolling bearing, collects a corresponding time-varying voltage signal, and performs spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain the characteristic frequency of light passing through the fiber optic sensor by the rolling elements of the rolling bearing under test. This frequency characteristic frequency is then used to determine the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing under test based on the geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing under test. This method avoids the influence of environmental noise interference, eliminates the need to establish complex characteristic models, and eliminates the need to modify the rolling bearing structure. It can achieve real-time, rapid, and accurate measurement of the rolling bearing cage.

[0035] The present invention provides a rolling bearing cage slip rate measurement method and system based on optical fiber sensing signals. The voltage signal in the optical fiber sensor is used as the input signal through noise reduction filtering, and the input signal is then converted into the real-time average rotational speed of the cage through spectrum transformation, thereby avoiding the influence of acquisition insensitivity and error caused by the threshold counting method.

[0036] The use of optical fiber sensors for signal acquisition can avoid structural modifications to the rolling bearing. Without changing the test subject, the real-time acquisition of the rolling bearing cage speed under oil lubrication conditions and various oil supply methods can be performed.

[0037] The present invention can reflect the time history of the running state of the rolling bearing cage, and provide a basis for the fault diagnosis and life prediction of the rolling bearing.

[0038] When the method for measuring the rotational speed of the rolling bearing cage provided by the present invention is applied, it is not necessary to Figure 1 The steps are executed in the order shown. The specific execution order of the steps can be determined according to needs, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0039] The above is a method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention. Based on the same idea, the present invention also provides a corresponding device for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a rotation speed measuring device for a rolling bearing cage provided by the present invention, comprising: An optical fiber sensor 201 is provided on at least one side of the rolling bearing to be tested, wherein the light of the optical fiber sensor 201 passes through the gap between the non-guide ring and the retaining frame of the rolling bearing; The optical fiber sensor 201 is used to collect voltage signals during the operation of the rolling bearing to be tested; An acquisition module 202 is configured to acquire the voltage signal and geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing to be tested; The frequency identification module 203 is used to perform spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain the characteristic frequency of the light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested; The speed measurement module 204 is configured to determine the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be measured according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency.

[0041] The specific definitions of the rolling bearing cage speed measurement device can be found in the aforementioned definitions of the rolling bearing cage speed measurement method and will not be further elaborated here. Each module in the aforementioned rolling bearing cage speed measurement device can be implemented in whole or in part via software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each of these modules can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in a computer device memory in software form, allowing the processor to call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0042] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, which can be used to execute the above Figure 1 A method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage is provided.

[0043] The present invention also provides Figure 4 The structural diagram of the computer equipment shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, at the hardware level, the computer device includes a processor, an internal bus, a network interface, a memory, and a non-volatile memory. Of course, it may also include other hardware required for the business. The processor reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory into the memory and then runs it to achieve the above Figure 1 A method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage is provided.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware using a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes in the above-described method embodiments. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other media used in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, or optical storage. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0045] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage, characterized in that: An optical fiber sensor is installed on at least one side of the rolling bearing to be tested; light from the optical fiber sensor passes through the gap between the non-guide ring and the retaining frame of the rolling bearing to be tested; the method comprises: Acquire the geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing to be tested and the voltage signal collected by the optical fiber sensor during the operation of the rolling bearing to be tested; Performing spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain a characteristic frequency of light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested; The actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested is determined according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency.

2. The method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage according to claim 1, wherein: The spectrum conversion of the voltage signal to obtain the characteristic frequency of light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested specifically includes: Perform fast Fourier transform or Hilbert envelope transform on the voltage signal to obtain the characteristic frequency of light passing through the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested and the optical fiber sensor.

3. The method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage according to claim 1, wherein: The geometric characteristics include the number of rolling elements; Determining the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency specifically includes: The actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested is determined according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency using the following formula: ； in, is the actual speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested, is the characteristic frequency of the light passing through the optical fiber sensor of the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested, is the number of rolling elements of the rolling bearing to be tested.

4. The method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage according to claim 1, wherein: Before determining the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested, the method further includes: Performing noise reduction and / or filtering preprocessing on the voltage signal; The noise reduction includes at least one of a sliding average noise reduction method and a wavelet threshold noise reduction method; The filtering includes at least one of limiting filtering, Gaussian filtering and wavelet filtering.

5. The method for measuring the rotational speed of a rolling bearing cage according to claim 1, wherein: The geometric features of the rolling bearing to be tested include the geometric dimensions of the rolling bearing element to be tested; the method further comprises: Determine the theoretical rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested according to the geometric dimensions and inner ring rotational speed of the rolling bearing element to be tested; The slip rate of the cage of the rolling bearing to be tested is determined based on the actual speed and the theoretical speed.

6. A rotation speed measuring device for a rolling bearing cage, characterized in that: include: An optical fiber sensor is provided on at least one side of the rolling bearing to be tested, wherein the light of the optical fiber sensor passes through the gap between the non-guide ring and the retaining frame of the rolling bearing; The optical fiber sensor is used to collect voltage signals during the operation of the rolling bearing to be tested; An acquisition module, configured to acquire the voltage signal and geometric characteristics of the rolling bearing to be tested; A frequency identification module is used to perform spectrum conversion on the voltage signal to obtain a characteristic frequency of light passing through the optical fiber sensor when the rolling element of the rolling bearing to be tested passes through the optical fiber sensor; The speed measurement module is used to determine the actual rotational speed of the cage of the rolling bearing to be measured according to the geometric characteristics and the passing characteristic frequency.

7. The rotation speed measuring device for a rolling bearing cage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optical fiber sensor is a through-beam optical fiber sensor or a reflective optical fiber sensor.

8. A computer device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing the program.

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