Precursor, perovskite light absorption layer, preparation method of perovskite light absorption layer, perovskite battery and electric equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a precursor, a perovskite light absorption layer, a preparation method of the perovskite light absorption layer, a perovskite battery and electric equipment. The precursor is used for preparing the perovskite light absorption layer and comprises the following steps: adding a perovskite precursor solution and an organic additive added with the perovskite precursor solution; wherein the organic additive comprises a six-membered heterocyclic compound; heteroatoms of the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprise one or more of S, N and Se. According to the embodiment of the invention, the organic additive, particularly the six-membered heterocyclic compound, is added into the perovskite precursor solution to form the precursor for preparing the perovskite light absorption layer, so that the quality of the formed perovskite light absorption layer is regulated and controlled, the formed perovskite light absorption layer and the carrier transport layer are prevented from interface reactions such as oxidation reduction and the like, and the performance of the perovskite light absorption layer is improved. Therefore, the interface stability of the perovskite light absorption layer and the carrier transport layer is improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light absorption layer are improved, and the service life of the perovskite cell is prolonged.

Description

Precursor, perovskite light-absorbing layer and preparation method, perovskite battery, and electrical equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a precursor, a perovskite light-absorbing layer and a preparation method, a perovskite battery, and electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells use perovskite materials as their light-absorbing layer. Due to their significant performance advantages, such as high light absorption coefficient, long carrier mobility, and a directly tunable optical band gap, perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attention and are rapidly developing. Currently, the highest internationally certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) for perovskite solar cells has reached 25.7%, demonstrating their strong application potential.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem solved by this application is the problem that the interface between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer is prone to reaction.

[0005] A first aspect: A precursor for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, comprising:

[0006] adding an organic additive to the perovskite precursor solution;

[0007] The organic additive comprises a six-membered heterocyclic compound; the heteroatoms of the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprise one or more of S, N, and Se.

[0008] In this embodiment, an organic additive, specifically a six-membered heterocyclic compound, is added to the perovskite precursor solution to form a precursor for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, which is used to regulate the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and hinder the redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the interface stability between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and extending the service life of the perovskite cell.

[0009] In some embodiments, the perovskite precursor solution includes Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) PbI3 precursor solution.

[0010] One or more embodiments of the present application use the above-mentioned perovskite material, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed is of high quality. The perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

[0011] In some embodiments, the Pb in the perovskite precursor solution2+ The concentration is 1M~2M.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present application, any concentration of the perovskite precursor solution that can improve the quality of the formed perovskite light absorbing layer is within the scope of protection of the present application. In one or more embodiments, the perovskite precursor solution contains Pb 2+ The concentration can be 1M to 2M. In the process of using the perovskite precursor solution within the above concentration range to prepare the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the organic additives added thereto can be evenly dispersed, so that the performance of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer is more uniform, which is beneficial to the performance of the perovskite battery.

[0013] In some embodiments, the molar fraction of the organic additive to the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1% to 10%.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present application, any organic additive and mole fraction of the perovskite precursor solution that can improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer are within the scope of protection of the present application. In one or more embodiments, the mole fraction of the organic additive relative to the perovskite precursor solution is within the range of 0.1% to 10%, resulting in a high-quality perovskite light-absorbing layer, effectively hindering redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the performance of the perovskite cell.

[0015] In some embodiments, the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprises a -R(=O)2- functional group and a -N + One or both of the functional groups, wherein R contains S and / or Se.

[0016] When the six-membered heterocyclic compound of one or more embodiments of the present application contains the above functional groups, it has a favorable effect on preventing the redox and other interface reactions between the formed perovskite light absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer. Specifically, this may be due to the -R(=O)2- functional group and / or -N + The functional groups react with the ions of the precursor material in the perovskite precursor solution, thereby regulating the crystallization process of the perovskite material. The interface between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer is modified, thereby hindering the redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0017] In some embodiments, the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprises: One or more of .

[0018] One or more embodiments of the present application effectively regulate the formation of the perovskite light-absorbing layer through the above-mentioned organic additives, improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0020] This embodiment provides the above-mentioned organic additive, which, when added to a perovskite precursor solution, can form a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a layered structure, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of a perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0022] This embodiment provides some organic additives to position the two-dimensional perovskite layer in the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed by the precursor between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the buried interface, thereby preventing the interface reaction between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the buried interface.

[0023] In some embodiments, the two-dimensional perovskite layer is located on a surface of the three-dimensional perovskite layer away from the buried interface BI, and the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0024] This embodiment provides some organic additives to enable the two-dimensional perovskite layer in the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed by the precursor to be located on the surface of the three-dimensional perovskite layer away from the buried interface, thereby preventing the interface reaction between the functional layer in contact with the two-dimensional perovskite layer and the three-dimensional perovskite layer.

[0025] In some embodiments, the formed perovskite light absorbing layer is a three-dimensional perovskite layer; the organic additive comprises: One or both of them.

[0026] This embodiment provides some organic additives to enable the precursor to form a perovskite light-absorbing layer comprising only a three-dimensional perovskite layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0027] The second aspect: A perovskite light-absorbing layer is prepared using any precursor provided in the first aspect.

[0028] One or more embodiments of the present application prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer based on any one of the precursors provided in the first aspect, which is beneficial to improving the quality and stability of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0029] The third aspect: A method for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, wherein any precursor provided in the first aspect is coated on the surface of the buried interface BI, and the obtained product is annealed to form a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0030] One or more embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, so that any precursor provided in the first aspect forms a perovskite light-absorbing layer with good quality and stability.

[0031] A fourth aspect: A perovskite cell, comprising a perovskite light-absorbing layer; wherein the perovskite light-absorbing layer is the perovskite light-absorbing layer provided in the second aspect or the perovskite light-absorbing layer prepared by the method provided in the third aspect.

[0032] The perovskite cell provided by one or more embodiments of the present application has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

[0033] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell is an inversion-type perovskite solar cell or a normal-type perovskite solar cell.

[0034] The perovskite light-absorbing layer provided in one or more embodiments of the present application is applicable to both positive-type perovskite solar cells and inverted-type perovskite solar cells.

[0035] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell further includes a hole transport layer; the perovskite light absorption layer includes a two-dimensional perovskite layer and a three-dimensional perovskite layer; the two-dimensional perovskite layer is formed between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the hole transport layer.

[0036] This embodiment takes an inverted perovskite solar cell as an example, where a two-dimensional perovskite layer is formed between a hole transport layer and a three-dimensional perovskite layer to prevent interfacial reactions between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the hole transport layer, thereby improving the quality and stability of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0037] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer is a metal oxide layer.

[0038] In this embodiment, the hole transport layer is a metal oxide layer. Redox reactions and other reactions are likely to occur at the interface between the metal oxide layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, which can degrade the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell. In this embodiment, by placing the two-dimensional perovskite layer between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the metal oxide hole transport layer, this further hinders the interfacial reactions between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the hole transport layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0039] In some embodiments, the metal oxide is nickel oxide.

[0040] In this embodiment, by locating the two-dimensional perovskite layer between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the hole transport layer of nickel oxide, the interfacial reaction between the three-dimensional perovskite light absorbing layer and the hole transport layer can be further hindered, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0041] In some embodiments, the material of the perovskite light absorbing layer includes Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) PbI3.

[0042] This embodiment provides a specific material for the perovskite light-absorbing layer of a perovskite battery.

[0043] In some embodiments, the two-dimensional perovskite layer and the three-dimensional perovskite layer are made of the same material.

[0044] In this embodiment, the two-dimensional perovskite layer and the three-dimensional perovskite layer are made of the same material, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell while hindering the interface reaction between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer.

[0045] A fifth aspect: An electrical device, comprising any perovskite battery provided in the fourth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative work.

[0047] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a perovskite light-absorbing layer provided in the present application;

[0048] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a perovskite light-absorbing layer provided in the present application;

[0049] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a perovskite light-absorbing layer provided in the present application;

[0050] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite battery prepared in this application;

[0051] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive-type perovskite solar cell provided in the present application;

[0052] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of an inversion perovskite solar cell provided in the present application.

[0053] In the drawings, the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0054] Marking Description:

[0055] 10-conductive substrate, BI-buried interface, 20-first transport layer, 30-perovskite light absorption layer, 31-two-dimensional perovskite layer, 32-three-dimensional perovskite layer, 40-second transport layer, 50-metal electrode, 60-organic additives, 100-perovskite cell, HTL-hole transport layer, ETL-electron transport layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, that is, the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0057] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means more than two; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. "Vertical" is not strictly perpendicular, but is within the allowable error range. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but is within the allowable error range.

[0058] The directional words appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the figures, and do not limit the specific structure of this application. In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] Currently, in order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells, researchers have conducted extensive research on the device structure, functional layer materials and modifications, and interface modification of perovskite solar cells.

[0060] During the research and development process, the inventors noticed that the interface between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer is prone to redox reactions, which significantly affects the properties of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and thus affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell, and thus affects the service life of the perovskite solar cell.

[0061] To solve the above problems, the inventors of the present application provide a precursor by adding an organic additive containing a six-membered heterocyclic compound to the perovskite precursor solution to hinder the occurrence of redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery.

[0062] Furthermore, the inventors of the present application provide a perovskite light-absorbing layer forming a layered structure, so that the layer close to the carrier transport layer hinders the interfacial reaction between the layer far from the carrier transport layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery. In addition, the layered structure of the present application is made of the same material, which can further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0063] Furthermore, the inventors of the present application provide a perovskite cell, which enables the perovskite light-absorbing layer to be stratified close to the hole transport layer, thereby hindering the stratification away from the hole transport layer and the interfacial reaction between the layer and the hole transport layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0064] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to precursors, perovskite light-absorbing layers and preparation methods, perovskite cells, and electrical devices. The perovskite cells disclosed in this application can be used in perovskite tandem cells and silicon-perovskite tandem cells, without limitation in this application.

[0065] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0066] In a first aspect, the present application provides a precursor for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, comprising:

[0067] Perovskite precursor solution and organic additive added to the perovskite precursor solution;

[0068] The organic additive comprises a six-membered heterocyclic compound; the heteroatoms of the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprise one or more of S, N, and Se.

[0069] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the "precursor" is a precursor product before obtaining the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The "perovskite light-absorbing layer" is the core part of the perovskite battery, which is used to absorb the photon energy of sunlight, generate electron-hole pairs, and separate the electron-hole pairs into free electrons and holes under the action of the built-in electric field. The holes are collected by the conductive substrate through the hole transport layer, and the electrons are collected by the metal electrodes. The conductive substrate and the metal electrodes are connected to form a circuit to generate photocurrent. The material of the "perovskite light-absorbing layer" is a perovskite material. The perovskite material refers to a material with the same crystal structure as CaTiO3, which presents a cubic crystal phase in a stable state. The "perovskite precursor solution" refers to the precursor raw material for forming the perovskite material. The "organic additive" is used to be added to the perovskite precursor solution to form a precursor to improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, hinder the redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery. A "carrier transport layer" can be an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer. A "six-membered heterocyclic compound" refers to an organic compound containing a heterocyclic structure in the molecule. The ring has six elements, including at least one heteroatom in addition to carbon. In one or more embodiments of the present application, the heteroatom includes one or more of S, N, and Se.

[0070] In this embodiment, an organic additive, specifically a six-membered heterocyclic compound, is added to the perovskite precursor solution to form a precursor for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, which is used to regulate the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and hinder the redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the interface stability between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and extending the service life of the perovskite cell.

[0071] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the organic additive is a six-membered heterocyclic compound; the heteroatoms of the six-membered heterocyclic compound include one or more of S, N, and Se.

[0072] In some embodiments, the perovskite precursor solution may include Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) PbI3 precursor solution.

[0073] In this embodiment, Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) PbI3 represents a perovskite material, wherein Cs represents cesium element, FA represents formamidine, MA represents methylamine, Pb represents lead element, and I represents iodine element.

[0074] In this embodiment, Cs (0～0.05) FA(0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) The precursor liquid of PbI3 can be made from methylammonium (CH3NH3 + , MA + ), inorganic cations (Cs + or Rb+), divalent metal cations (Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ Or Ge 2+ ), halide anion (I - ) and other components.

[0075] One or more embodiments of the present application use the above-mentioned perovskite material, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed is of high quality. The perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and high stability.

[0076] In some embodiments, the Pb in the perovskite precursor solution 2+ The concentration of Pb in a perovskite precursor solution is 1M to 2M. 2+ specific concentration.

[0077] In one or more embodiments of the present application, any concentration of the perovskite precursor solution that can improve the quality of the formed perovskite light absorbing layer is within the scope of protection of the present application. In one or more embodiments, the perovskite precursor solution contains Pb 2+ The concentration can be 1M to 2M. In the process of using the perovskite precursor solution within the above concentration range to prepare the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the organic additives added thereto can be evenly dispersed, so that the performance of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer is more uniform, which is beneficial to the performance of the perovskite battery.

[0078] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the concentration of the perovskite precursor solution is the molar volume ratio of the perovskite precursor material to the perovskite precursor solvent.

[0079] For example, Pb in the perovskite precursor solution 2+ The concentration can be 1M, 1.2M, 1.4M, 1.6M, 1.8M, 2M, or 1.1M, 1.3M, 1.5M, 1.7M, 1.9M, etc., and can be reasonably set according to needs.

[0080] In some embodiments, the molar fraction of the organic additive relative to the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1% to 10%.

[0081] In one or more embodiments of the present application, any organic additive and mole fraction of the perovskite precursor solution that can improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer are within the scope of protection of the present application. In one or more embodiments, the mole fraction of the organic additive relative to the perovskite precursor solution is within the range of 0.1% to 10%, resulting in a high-quality perovskite light-absorbing layer, effectively hindering redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the performance of the perovskite cell.

[0082] In one or more embodiments, the mole fraction of the organic additive relative to the perovskite precursor solution is the ratio of the molar amount of the organic additive to the molar amount of the perovskite precursor solution.

[0083] In some embodiments, the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprises a -R(=O)2- functional group and a -N + One or both of the functional groups, wherein R contains S and / or Se.

[0084] This embodiment provides a six-membered heterocyclic compound that may also contain a -R(=O)2- functional group and a -N + Functional groups are used to further define the specific molecular structure of the six-membered heterocyclic compound.

[0085] When the six-membered heterocyclic compound of one or more embodiments of the present application contains the above functional groups, it has a favorable effect on preventing the redox and other interface reactions between the formed perovskite light absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer. Specifically, this may be due to the presence of -R(=O)2- functional groups and / or -N + When the six-membered heterocyclic compound with a functional group is added to the perovskite precursor solution, the -R(=O)2- functional group and / or -N + The functional groups react with the ions of the precursor material in the perovskite precursor solution, thereby regulating the crystallization process of the perovskite material (such as grain growth orientation, grain size, etc.), and modifying the interface between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer (such as passivation effect), thereby hindering the redox and other interfacial reactions between the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0086] For example, the six-membered heterocyclic compound of one or more embodiments of the present application may only contain -S(=O)2-functional group, -Se(=O)2-functional group or -N + Functional group. It can also contain two functional groups, for example, -S(=O)2- functional group and -N + functional group, or Se(=O)2-functional group and -N + functional groups.

[0087] In some embodiments, the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprises: One or more of .

[0088] One or more embodiments of the present application effectively regulate the formation of the perovskite light-absorbing layer through the above-mentioned organic additives, improve the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0089] As can be seen from the above six-membered heterocyclic compounds provided in one or more embodiments of the present application, the six-membered heterocyclic compound may contain only one heteroatom, such as S, N, or Se. It may also contain only two heteroatoms, which may be the same element, such as two S, two N, one S and one N, or one Se and one N.

[0090] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0091] This embodiment provides the above-mentioned organic additive, which, when added to the perovskite precursor solution, can form a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a layered structure, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer. This may be because: one or more embodiments of the present application can form a perovskite light-absorbing layer including a three-dimensional perovskite layer and a two-dimensional perovskite layer in one step, reducing the crystallization defects of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the interface defects that may be generated during the formation of the layered structure, thereby improving the quality of the perovskite light-absorbing layer. In addition, the in-situ formed two-dimensional perovskite layer can also play a role in protecting the buried interface, hindering the interfacial reaction between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the carrier transport layer, and improving the interface stability of the carrier transport layer between the conductive substrate and the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0092] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0093] This embodiment provides some organic additives to position the two-dimensional perovskite layer in the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed by the precursor between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the buried interface, thereby preventing the interface reaction between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the buried interface.

[0094] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0095] This embodiment provides some organic additives to enable the two-dimensional perovskite layer in the perovskite light-absorbing layer formed by the precursor to be located on the surface of the three-dimensional perovskite layer away from the buried interface, thereby preventing the interface reaction between the functional layer in contact with the two-dimensional perovskite layer and the three-dimensional perovskite layer.

[0096] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or both of them.

[0097] This embodiment provides organic additives that enable the precursor to form a perovskite light-absorbing layer comprising only a three-dimensional perovskite layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a perovskite cell containing this perovskite light-absorbing layer. This may be because when the organic additives are added to the perovskite precursor solution, their functional groups react with the precursor material ions in the perovskite precursor solution, regulating the crystallization process of the perovskite material (e.g., grain growth orientation, grain size, etc.), improving the quality of the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer, and thus facilitating the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the formed perovskite cell.

[0098] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of the perovskite light absorbing layer provided in the present application, Figure 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of the perovskite light absorbing layer provided in the present application, and Figure 3 is a third structural schematic diagram of the perovskite light absorbing layer provided in the present application.

[0099] In a second aspect, one or more embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 , which is prepared according to any one of the precursors provided in the first aspect.

[0100] 1 , this embodiment provides a perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 , comprising a two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 and a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 . The two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is located between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the buried interface BI, thereby preventing an interfacial reaction between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the buried interface BI.

[0101] 2 , this embodiment provides a perovskite light absorbing layer 30 , including a two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 and a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 . The two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is located on a surface of the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 away from the buried interface BI.

[0102] 3 , this embodiment provides a perovskite light absorbing layer 30 , which only includes a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 . As shown in FIG3 , an organic additive 60 is dispersed in the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 .

[0103] One or more embodiments of the present application prepare a perovskite light absorption layer 30 based on any one of the precursors provided in the first aspect, thereby improving the quality and stability of the formed perovskite light absorption layer 30 .

[0104] In a third aspect, one or more embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a perovskite light absorbing layer 30, wherein any precursor provided in the first aspect is coated on the surface of the buried interface BI, and the resulting product is annealed to form the perovskite light absorbing layer 30.

[0105] In one or more embodiments of the present application, "buried interface BI" represents the supporting structure for forming the perovskite light absorbing layer 30. In one or more embodiments of the present application, buried interface BI may be an electron transport layer (ETL) or a hole transport layer (HTL). "Annealing" refers to a heat treatment process in which a material is exposed to a high temperature for a period of time and then slowly cooled. In some embodiments, the process parameters for the annealing treatment in one or more embodiments of the present application are: a temperature of 100°C to 150°C for 10 to 30 minutes.

[0106] One or more embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 , so that any precursor provided in the first aspect can form a perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 with good quality and stability.

[0107] The precursor provided in one or more embodiments of the present application is used to prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer, including:

[0108] Perovskite precursor solution and organic additive added to the perovskite precursor solution;

[0109] The organic additive is a six-membered heterocyclic compound; the heteroatoms of the six-membered heterocyclic compound include one or more of S, N, and Se.

[0110] In some embodiments, the concentration of the perovskite precursor solution is 1M to 2M.

[0111] In some embodiments, the molar fraction of the organic additive relative to the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1% to 10%.

[0112] In some embodiments, the perovskite precursor solution may include Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) PbI3 precursor solution.

[0113] In some embodiments, the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprises a -R(=O)2- functional group and a -N + One or two of the functional groups, wherein R is S and / or Se.

[0114] In some embodiments, the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprises: One or more of .

[0115] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 formed with the participation of the six-membered heterocyclic compound provided in this embodiment has a structure as shown in FIG1 to FIG3 . The perovskite cell containing the above-mentioned perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 has good photoelectric conversion efficiency and / or stability.

[0116] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0117] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 provided in this embodiment, formed with the participation of the organic additive, has a structure as shown in FIG1 or FIG2 . The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 comprises a two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 and a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32. The two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is located between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the buried interface BI or on the surface of the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 away from the buried interface BI. Perovskite cells containing this perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 exhibit excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and / or stability.

[0118] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0119] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30, formed with the organic additive provided in this embodiment, has a structure as shown in FIG1 . The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 comprises a two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 and a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32, with the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 positioned between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the buried interface BI. A perovskite cell containing this perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 exhibits excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

[0120] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or more of .

[0121] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 provided in this embodiment, formed with the participation of the organic additive, has a structure as shown in FIG2 . The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 comprises a two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 and a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32. The two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is located on the surface of the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32, away from the buried interface BI. This helps improve the stability of perovskite cells containing the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30.

[0122] In some embodiments, the organic additive comprises: One or both of them.

[0123] The organic additive 60 provided in this embodiment participates in forming the perovskite light absorbing layer 30, the structure of which is shown in FIG3 . The perovskite light absorbing layer 30 is merely a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32. This is beneficial for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell containing the perovskite light absorbing layer 30.

[0124] Please refer to FIG4 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the perovskite battery provided in this application.

[0125] In a fourth aspect, referring to FIG4 , one or more embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite cell 100, comprising a perovskite light absorption layer 30. The perovskite light absorption layer 30 is the perovskite light absorption layer 30 provided in the second aspect or the perovskite light absorption layer 30 prepared by the method provided in the third aspect.

[0126] Continuing with FIG4 , one or more embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite cell 100 comprising a conductive substrate 10, a first transport layer 20, a perovskite light absorbing layer 30, a second transport layer 40, and a metal electrode 50, arranged in sequence. One of the first transport layer 20 and the second transport layer 40 is a hole transport layer (HTL), and the other is an electron transport layer (ETL).

[0127] In one or more embodiments of the present application, "conductive substrate 10" refers to an electrode with high conductivity and high visible light transmittance, serving as one output terminal of the perovskite cell 100, such as ITO conductive glass or FTO conductive glass. "First transmission layer 20" and "second transmission layer 40" refer to structural layers that transmit electrons or holes generated by photon excitation in the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30. "Metal electrode 50" refers to a metal electrode, serving as the other output terminal of the perovskite cell 100, requiring high conductivity and stability.

[0128] The perovskite cell 100 provided by one or more embodiments of the present application has good photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

[0129] Please refer to Figures 5 and 6. Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive-type perovskite solar cell provided in the present application, and Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverted-type perovskite solar cell provided in the present application.

[0130] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell 100 is an inversion-type perovskite solar cell or a normal-type perovskite solar cell.

[0131] In this embodiment, referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , the first transport layer 20 is an electron transport layer ETL, the second transport layer 40 is a hole transport layer HTL, and the perovskite cell 100 containing the same is a positive-type perovskite solar cell.

[0132] In this embodiment, referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 , the first transport layer 20 is a hole transport layer HTL, the second transport layer 40 is an electron transport layer ETL, and the perovskite cell 100 containing the same is an inversion perovskite solar cell.

[0133] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 provided in one or more embodiments of the present application is applicable to both positive-type perovskite solar cells and inverted-type perovskite solar cells.

[0134] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6 , the perovskite cell 100 further includes a hole transport layer (HTL). The perovskite light absorbing layer 30 includes a two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 and a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32. The two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is formed between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the hole transport layer (HTL).

[0135] In this embodiment, an inverted perovskite solar cell is used as an example. A two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is formed between the hole transport layer HTL and the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 to prevent the interfacial reaction between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the hole transport layer HTL, thereby improving the quality and stability of the formed perovskite light absorbing layer 30.

[0136] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer HTL is a metal oxide layer.

[0137] In this embodiment, the hole transport layer HTL is a metal oxide layer, which is prone to redox reactions at the interface with the perovskite light absorbing layer 30, which can easily deteriorate the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100. In this embodiment, by positioning the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the metal oxide hole transport layer HTL, the interfacial reaction between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the hole transport layer HTL is further hindered, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100.

[0138] In some embodiments, the metal oxide is nickel oxide.

[0139] In this embodiment, the nickel oxide is NiOx, a commonly used hole transport layer (HTL) material. By positioning the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the nickel oxide hole transport layer (HTL), this embodiment further hinders interfacial reactions between the three-dimensional perovskite light absorbing layer 30 and the hole transport layer (HTL), thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100.

[0140] In some embodiments, the material of the perovskite light absorbing layer includes Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) PbI3.

[0141] This embodiment provides a specific material for the perovskite light absorption layer 30 of the perovskite cell 100 .

[0142] In some embodiments, the two-dimensional perovskite layer and the three-dimensional perovskite layer are made of the same material.

[0143] In this embodiment, the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 and the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 are made of the same material. Compared with setting an interface structure layer of non-perovskite material between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the carrier transport layer, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cell 100 are improved while hindering the interface reaction between the perovskite light absorbing layer 30 and the carrier transport layer.

[0144] Fifth aspect: One or more embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including any perovskite battery 100 provided in the fourth aspect.

[0145] Example

[0146] The present application provides organic additives No. 1 to No. 12 for preparing corresponding inverse perovskite solar cells. The molecular structural formulas of organic additives No. 1 to No. 12 are shown in Table 1.

[0147] Table 1 Molecular structures of organic additives No. 1 to No. 12

[0148] Example 1

[0149] This embodiment provides a method for preparing an inverse perovskite solar cell, comprising the following steps:

[0150] (1) Clean the conductive substrate 10, and then form a nickel oxide layer on the surface of the cleaned conductive substrate 10 by magnetron sputtering. The nickel oxide layer serves as the hole transport layer HTL and the first transport layer 20. In this embodiment, the thickness of the first transport layer 20 is 30 nm.

[0151] (2) Add organic additive No. 1 to a concentration of 1.4 M to form Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) A perovskite precursor solution containing organic additive No. 1 was spin-coated onto the surface of the first transport layer 20. The resulting product was annealed to form a 450 nm thick perovskite light-absorbing layer 30. In this embodiment, the molar fraction of organic additive No. 1 relative to the perovskite precursor solution was 5%. The annealing treatment in this embodiment was performed at 120°C for 30 minutes.

[0152] (3) PCBM (fullerene) and BCP (bathocuproin, hole blocking material) are spin-coated on the surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer 30 to form an electron transport layer ETL with a thickness of 30 nm, which serves as the second transport layer 40 .

[0153] (4) A metal silver electrode with a thickness of 100 nm is thermally evaporated on the surface of the second transmission layer 40 away from the conductive substrate 10 to serve as the metal electrode 50 .

[0154] The perovskite light absorption layer 30 formed in this embodiment is a layered structure. Please refer to Figure 1. The layered structure includes a two-dimensional perovskite 31 and a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32, and the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is arranged between the first transmission layer 20 and the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32.

[0155] Example 2

[0156] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0157] In (2), organic additive No. 2 is used.

[0158] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0159] Example 3

[0160] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0161] In (2), organic additive No. 3 is used.

[0162] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0163] Example 4

[0164] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0165] In (2), organic additive No. 4 is used.

[0166] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0167] Example 5

[0168] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0169] In (2), organic additive No. 5 is used.

[0170] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0171] In the inversion perovskite solar cell formed in this embodiment, referring to FIG. 2 , the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is disposed between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the second transport layer 40 (the electron transport layer ETL in this embodiment).

[0172] Example 6

[0173] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 5 in that:

[0174] In (2), organic additive No. 6 is used.

[0175] The rest are the same as in Example 5.

[0176] Example 7

[0177] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 5 in that:

[0178] In (2), organic additive No. 7 is used.

[0179] The rest are the same as in Example 5.

[0180] Example 8

[0181] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0182] In (2), organic additive No. 8 is used.

[0183] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0184] Example 9

[0185] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0186] In (2), organic additive No. 9 is used.

[0187] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0188] Example 10

[0189] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0190] In (2), organic additive No. 10 is used.

[0191] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0192] Example 11

[0193] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 1 in that:

[0194] In (2), organic additive No. 11 is used.

[0195] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0196] The inverted perovskite solar cell formed in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 . The perovskite light absorbing layer 30 is only composed of a three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 .

[0197] Example 12

[0198] The method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing an inverted perovskite solar cell provided in Example 11 in that:

[0199] In (2), organic additive No. 12 is used.

[0200] The rest are the same as Example 11.

[0201] Example 13

[0202] The method for preparing a positive-type perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing a positive-type perovskite solar cell provided in Example 5 in that:

[0203] In (2), organic additive No. 5 is used.

[0204] The rest are the same as in Example 5.

[0205] In the positive-type perovskite solar cell formed in this embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is disposed between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the second transport layer 40 (the hole transport layer HTL in this embodiment).

[0206] Example 14

[0207] The preparation method of the positive-type perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the preparation method provided in Example 6 in that:

[0208] In (2), organic additive No. 6 is used.

[0209] The rest are the same as in Example 6.

[0210] In the positive-type perovskite solar cell formed in this embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is disposed between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the second transport layer 40 (the hole transport layer HTL in this embodiment).

[0211] Example 15

[0212] The method for preparing a positive-type perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment differs from the method for preparing a positive-type perovskite solar cell provided in Example 7 in that:

[0213] In (2), organic additive No. 7 is used.

[0214] The rest are the same as in Example 7.

[0215] In the positive-type perovskite solar cell formed in this embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is disposed between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the second transport layer 40 (the hole transport layer HTL in this embodiment).

[0216] Comparative Example 1

[0217] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an inverse perovskite solar cell, which differs from the preparation method provided in Example 1 in that:

[0218] In (2), no organic additives are added.

[0219] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0220] Experimental example

[0221] The photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite cells 100 prepared in Examples 1 to 15 were tested, and the test structure is shown in Table 2.

[0222] Table 2 Photoelectric performance test results of the perovskite cell 100 provided in this application

[0223] According to the test results in Table 2, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0224] (1) According to the test results of Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 8 to 10 and the test results of Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the addition of organic additives No. 1 to 4 or No. 8 to 10 during the preparation of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 can significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the corresponding inverse perovskite solar cell. This may be related to the fact that the six-membered heterocyclic ring of the organic additives No. 1 to 4 or No. 8 to 10 contains at least one heteroatom of S or Se. The addition of organic additives of this configuration makes the formed perovskite light-absorbing layer 30 a layered structure, and the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is located between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the hole transport layer HTL, thereby forming a functional layer that hinders the interfacial reaction between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the hole transport layer HTL in one step, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the inverse perovskite solar cell.

[0225] (2) According to the test results of Examples 5 to 7 and Examples 13 to 15, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the positive-type perovskite solar cell in which the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is arranged between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the hole transport layer HTL are higher than those of the inverted-type perovskite solar cell in which the two-dimensional perovskite layer 31 is arranged between the three-dimensional perovskite layer 32 and the electron transport layer ETL.

[0226] (3) According to the test results of Examples 11 to 12 and the test results of Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that when organic additives No. 11 to 12 are added during the preparation of the perovskite light absorbing layer 30, the stability of the corresponding inverted perovskite solar cell is improved to a certain extent, which may be related to the improvement in the film quality of the perovskite light absorbing layer 30 formed with the participation of organic additives No. 11 to 12.

[0227] Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and components may be substituted with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present application. In particular, the various technical features described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A precursor for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, characterized in that: include: A perovskite precursor solution and an organic additive added to the perovskite precursor solution; Wherein, the organic additive comprises a six-membered heterocyclic compound; the heteroatoms of the six-membered heterocyclic compound comprise one or more of S, N, and Se.

2. The precursor according to claim 1, characterized in that The perovskite precursor solution includes Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) Precursor solution of PbI3.

3. The precursor according to claim 2, characterized in that The Pb in the perovskite precursor solution 2+ The concentration is 1M~2M.

4. The precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The molar fraction of the organic additive relative to the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1% to 10%.

5. The precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The six-membered heterocyclic compound comprises a -R(=O)2- functional group and -N + One or both of the functional groups, wherein R contains S and / or Se.

6. The precursor according to claim 5, characterized in that The six-membered heterocyclic compound includes: One or more of .

7. The precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The organic additives include: One or more of .

8. The precursor according to claim 7, characterized in that The organic additives include: One or more of .

9. The precursor according to claim 7, characterized in that The organic additives include: One or more of .

10. The precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The organic additives include: One or both of the following.

11. A perovskite light absorbing layer, characterized in that: The method is prepared using the precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A method for preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer, characterized in that: The precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is coated on the surface of the buried interface BI, and the obtained product is annealed to form a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

13. A perovskite battery, characterized in that: It comprises a perovskite light absorbing layer; wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer is the perovskite light absorbing layer according to claim 11 or the perovskite light absorbing layer prepared by the method according to claim 12.

14. The perovskite battery according to claim 13, characterized in that: The perovskite cell is an inverted perovskite solar cell or a normal perovskite solar cell.

15. The perovskite cell according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: The perovskite cell also includes a hole transport layer; the perovskite light absorption layer includes a two-dimensional perovskite layer and a three-dimensional perovskite layer; the two-dimensional perovskite layer is formed between the three-dimensional perovskite layer and the hole transport layer.

16. The perovskite cell according to claim 15, characterized in that: The hole transport layer is a metal oxide layer.

17. The perovskite cell according to claim 16, characterized in that: The metal oxide is nickel oxide.

18. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that: The material of the perovskite light absorbing layer includes Cs (0～0.05) FA (0.8～0.95) MA (0～0.10) PbI3.

19. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that: The two-dimensional perovskite layer and the three-dimensional perovskite layer are made of the same material.

20. An electrical equipment, characterized in that: The electrical device comprises the perovskite battery according to any one of claims 13 to 19.

Images