Multi-mode self-adaptive nozzle and fire extinguishing system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode self-adaptive spray head which comprises an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle. The outer annular nozzle is coaxially sleeved with the inner nozzle, and the outer annular nozzle is located outside the inner nozzle; the inner nozzle and the outer annular nozzle are fixed on the base; the intelligent switching valve is arranged at the position, 2.0 + / -0.1 mm away from the upstream of an inlet of the inner nozzle, of an inner cavity of the multi-mode self-adaptive nozzle, and the intelligent switching valve covers the whole periphery of a channel of the outer annular nozzle in the radial direction and is used for switching the working mode of a liquid fire extinguishing agent and the working mode of a gaseous fire extinguishing agent of the multi-mode self-adaptive nozzle; and the pipeline is connected with the base and used for conveying a liquid fire extinguishing agent or a gaseous fire extinguishing agent to the inner nozzle and the outer annular nozzle. According to the invention, through a coaxial nested double-nozzle structure and the shape memory alloy valve, the dual-mode self-adaptive capability is realized, and based on the coupling effect of the pressure sensor (the detection range is 0.1-0.3 MPa) and the SMA valve plate, a liquid-state fire extinguishing mode and a gas-state fire extinguishing mode can be automatically switched within 10ms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire protection, and in particular relates to a multi-modal adaptive sprinkler and a fire extinguishing system thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of firefighting equipment technology, especially when dealing with thermal runaway fires in lithium battery energy storage systems and new energy vehicle battery modules, efficient fire extinguishing systems are crucial. However, the traditional fire extinguishing sprinklers currently used in such scenarios have significant limitations and are difficult to meet the needs of rapid and accurate fire extinguishing. Existing sprinklers are usually only suitable for a single form of fire extinguishing agent (pure liquid or pure gas), and are not compatible with the differentiated spraying requirements of liquid fire extinguishing agents (such as water-based fire extinguishing agents for rapid cooling) and gaseous fire extinguishing agents (such as perfluorohexanone for asphyxiation and flame retardancy) that are often used in battery fires. This forces the system to be equipped with two independent sets of sprinklers, resulting in increased costs and complicated layout. In terms of spraying efficiency, the traditional nozzle design has obvious shortcomings: for liquid fire extinguishing agents, due to the lack of an efficient diversion and acceleration structure, the atomized particle size is too large (Dv50 ≥ 80μm), the unit mass of fire extinguishing agent has a small contact area with the air, and the heat absorption efficiency is low, which cannot quickly suppress the chain exothermic reaction of the battery; for gaseous fire extinguishing agents, the fixed nozzle design causes its diffusion to be uneven and the coverage speed is slow (> 60ms), which lags behind the rapid propagation rate of battery thermal runaway (usually > 1cell / s). In addition, the existing technology relies on external solenoid valves or manual operation to achieve dual-mode switching, with high response delay (> 100ms), and requires additional actuators and complex sealing components, which not only increases the complexity of the system and the risk of failure, but also its sealing level can only reach about 10. -7 mbar·L / s, and micro-leaks are prone to vibration at multi-interface connections. Furthermore, the nozzles and battery module housings are often fastened with bolts, which are time-consuming to install (>3 minutes per point) and difficult to maintain, making them difficult to accommodate the compact space requirements of high-density battery packs. More critically, there is a lack of synergistic optimization between the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipeline and nozzle performance: the liquid mode requires high-pressure, small-diameter piping (≤3mm) to maintain atomization pressure, while the gaseous mode requires low-pressure, large-diameter piping (≥5mm) to reduce flow resistance and control pressure drop. Traditional fixed-diameter piping cannot dynamically adapt to these two distinct flow and pressure requirements, resulting in reduced delivery efficiency, increased energy consumption, or delayed fire extinguishing agent coverage.

[0003] In the published patent application documents, for example, Chinese utility model patent application announcement number CN215653580U discloses a new type of high-efficiency spray nozzle for fire extinguishing equipment, including a nozzle body, an inner crushing paddle, and an outer crushing paddle. The inner cavities of the nozzle body, the inner crushing paddle, and the outer crushing paddle are all hollow. One side of the nozzle body is connected to the end of the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipeline, and the opposite side is provided with a liquid outlet leading to the outside, forming a nozzle outlet. The outer surface of the inner crushing paddle is in contact with the inner surface of the outer crushing paddle, and the outer surface of the outer crushing paddle is in contact with the inner wall of the nozzle body cavity, forming two troughs for the flow of fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent passes through three fluid channels, collides and mixes in the cavity, and the fire extinguishing agent is atomized. By increasing the number and angle of the liquid outlet holes, the effect of expanding the fire extinguishing area is achieved.

[0004] For another example, Chinese invention patent publication No. CN115845307B discloses a fine water mist and inert gas two-phase flow fire extinguishing system based on a gas-liquid coaxial centrifugal nozzle. This system comprises a water delivery system and an inert gas delivery system. The gas-liquid coaxial centrifugal nozzle is a two-phase flow nozzle. When water is ejected from the liquid inner nozzle, it is rapidly atomized and forms a fine water mist through the dual effects of centrifugal atomization and pneumatic atomization. The inert gas is split between the inert gas primary inlet b and the inert gas secondary inlet c of the gas outer nozzle, forming a uniform inert gas flow in the center of the gas outer nozzle. This flow is thoroughly mixed with the fine water mist, ultimately forming a uniformly mixed two-phase spray of fine water mist and inert gas, which is then sprayed into the fire area, effectively suppressing common fires. The fire extinguishing system features a simple structure, easy component replacement, convenient operation, and adjustment, high stability, and strong reliability. It is suitable for both enclosed and open spaces containing flammable and explosive media.

[0005] The technical solutions of the above invention or utility model patent applications are unable to simultaneously meet the triple requirements of "adaptive switching of gas-liquid dual modes + taking into account both liquid high-pressure atomization and gas low-pressure diffusion requirements + high installation efficiency". Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-modal adaptive sprinkler and a fire extinguishing system thereof in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0007] The present invention provides a multi-modal adaptive sprinkler, comprising:

[0008] Internal nozzle;

[0009] An outer annular nozzle is coaxially sleeved with the inner nozzle, and the outer annular nozzle is located outside the inner nozzle;

[0010] a base, on which the inner nozzle and the outer annular nozzle are fixed;

[0011] An intelligent switching valve is disposed in the inner cavity of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle, 2.0±0.1 mm upstream of the inlet of the inner nozzle, and the intelligent switching valve radially covers the entire circumference of the channel of the outer annular nozzle;

[0012] A pipeline is connected to the base and is used for conveying liquid fire extinguishing agent or gaseous fire extinguishing agent to the inner nozzle and the outer annular nozzle.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner wall of the inner nozzle is provided with five spiral guide grooves equidistantly along the circumferential direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer annular nozzle is a gradually expanding bell-mouth structure with an expansion angle of 15°, and six groups of guide blades are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction at the outlet of the outer annular nozzle.

[0015] Furthermore, the control logic of the intelligent switching valve is:

[0016] When the pressure in the pipeline is ≥0.3 MPa, the intelligent switching valve closes the outer annular nozzle and only enables the inner nozzle to operate, and the intelligent switching valve is in the liquid fire extinguishing agent working mode;

[0017] When the pressure in the pipeline is within the range of 0.1MPa to 0.3MPa, the intelligent switching valve opens the outer annular nozzle and reduces the flow cross-section of the inner nozzle to 50% of its maximum flow cross-section. The intelligent switching valve is in the gaseous fire extinguishing agent working mode.

[0018] Furthermore, the intelligent switching valve is made of shape memory alloy material.

[0019] Furthermore, a magnetic quick-connect sealing structure is provided on the base for realizing a detachable connection between the multi-modal adaptive sprinkler and the fire extinguishing system pipeline.

[0020] Furthermore, a perfluoroelastomer O-ring is provided in the magnetic quick-connect sealing structure to provide a sealing effect.

[0021] The present invention also provides a fire extinguishing system with the multi-modal adaptive sprinkler as described above, comprising:

[0022] Liquid fire extinguishing agent module, used for storing and supplying liquid fire extinguishing agent;

[0023] A gaseous fire extinguishing agent module, used for storing and supplying gaseous fire extinguishing agent;

[0024] a pipeline module, arranged around the protected battery module and connected to the liquid fire extinguishing agent module and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module;

[0025] The multi-modal adaptive nozzle is arranged on the pipeline module.

[0026] Furthermore, the pipeline module includes:

[0027] A branch pipeline connecting the liquid fire extinguishing agent module, the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module and the multi-mode adaptive nozzle;

[0028] a star-shaped pipeline, the center of which is connected to the outer annular nozzle of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle, and the star-shaped pipeline is arranged in an X shape on the surface of the battery module;

[0029] An SMA variable valve is provided on the star-shaped pipeline and is used to adjust the fire extinguishing agent delivery pressure in the star-shaped pipeline;

[0030] The annular flow guide branch is connected to a plurality of nodes of the star-shaped pipeline and is arranged around the battery module.

[0031] Furthermore, the SMA variable diameter valve has the following structural features:

[0032] Normal martensite phase state: the inner diameter of the SMA variable diameter valve is 3 mm;

[0033] When it is detected that the intelligent switching valve is in the gaseous fire extinguishing agent working mode, the control circuit heats the SMA material in the SMA variable diameter valve, and the SMA material undergoes an austenitic phase transformation. In the initial stage, the inner diameter of the SMA variable diameter valve gradually expands from 3 mm, so that the gaseous fire extinguishing agent can be filled into the star-shaped pipeline at a high flow rate. In the stable stage, the inner diameter of the SMA variable diameter valve is maintained at 5 mm, so that the gaseous fire extinguishing agent can be transported in the annular diversion branch with low pressure loss.

[0034] When the temperature drops below 40° C., the SMA variable diameter valve is reset to an inner diameter of 3 mm.

[0035] The superior technical effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. The multi-modal adaptive sprinkler and its fire extinguishing system of the present invention realize dual-modal adaptive capability through the collaborative innovation of coaxial nested dual nozzle structure, shape memory alloy (SMA) intelligent switching system and magnetic quick-connect sealing technology: based on the coupling effect of pressure sensor (detection range 0.1-0.3MPa) and SMA valve plate, the system can automatically switch between liquid and gaseous fire extinguishing mode within 10ms, and the response speed is 10 times faster than that of traditional solenoid valve (>100ms); The five spiral guide grooves of the nozzle (φ1.5mm) reduce the atomized particle size of the liquid fire extinguishing agent to Dv50≤35μm (traditional nozzle ≥80μm), increase the specific surface area of ​​the fire extinguishing agent per unit mass by 130%, and improve the heat absorption efficiency by 30%. The 0.8mm gradually expanding trumpet mouth of the outer nozzle and the 6 sets of guide vanes work together to make the diffusion coverage angle of the gaseous fire extinguishing agent ≥180°, shortening the module space filling time to 30ms (traditional solution >60ms), effectively blocking the battery thermal runaway chain reaction.

[0037] 2. The multi-modal adaptive sprinkler and its fire extinguishing system of the present invention has a built-in neodymium iron boron magnet (suction force ≥ 50N) and a perfluoroether rubber O-ring (temperature resistant -40℃~200℃) in the sprinkler base, achieving 10 -9 mbar·L / s aerospace-grade sealing standard (traditional structures only have 10 -7 ), the leakage rate is reduced by 100 times; the magnetic alignment design makes the nozzle installation tool-free, and positioning and locking can be completed within 3 seconds (traditional bolt tightening takes more than 3 minutes), the installation efficiency is increased by 60 times, and it is perfectly adapted to the high-density battery module layout.

[0038] 3. The multi-modal adaptive sprinkler and fire extinguishing system of the present invention, the SMA variable valve integrated in the branch pipeline ( Dynamic switching) can adapt to the phase changes of the fire extinguishing agent. In liquid mode, the inner diameter is maintained at 3mm to ensure high-pressure transmission (pressure drop <0.1MPa). In gaseous mode, the inner diameter is expanded to 5mm to reduce flow resistance (pressure loss <0.03MPa), which saves 85% energy compared with the fixed pipe diameter solution (loss >0.2MPa). Combined with the layout optimization of the star-shaped radial pipeline and the annular diversion branch, the liquid water mist covers the battery cell surface in 10ms, and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent fills the module in 30ms, and the fire extinguishing agent utilization rate is increased by 40%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fire extinguishing system of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the output end of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle of the present invention.

[0042] Attachment Name:

[0043] 1. Battery pack; 2. Battery module; 3. Battery cell; 4. Liquid fire extinguishing agent module; 5. Gaseous fire extinguishing agent module; 6. Main line; 7. Branch line; 8. Star line; 9. SMA reducer; 10. Annular diversion branch; 11. Multi-modal adaptive nozzle; 12. Inner nozzle; 13. Outer annular nozzle; 14. Intelligent switching valve; 15. Spiral guide groove; 16. Base; 17. KF32 O-ring; 18. Guide vane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0045] Example

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the fire extinguishing system of the present invention is applied to a battery pack 1 , which includes a plurality of battery modules 2 , and the battery modules 2 include a plurality of battery cells 3 .

[0047] The fire extinguishing system comprises:

[0048] Liquid fire extinguishing agent module 4: used for storing and supplying liquid fire extinguishing agent, and provided with a valve or pump to control the output volume.

[0049] Gaseous fire extinguishing agent module 5: used for storing and supplying gaseous fire extinguishing agent, and provided with a valve or pump to control the output volume.

[0050] Pipeline module: arranged around the protected battery module 2 and connected to the liquid fire extinguishing agent module 4 and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module 5.

[0051] Multi-modal adaptive nozzle 11: is set on the pipeline module corresponding to any protected battery module 2.

[0052] When a fire is detected in the battery pack 1 , the liquid fire extinguishing agent module 4 or the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module 5 outputs the fire extinguishing agent to the protected battery module 2 through the pipeline module and the multi-mode adaptive nozzle 11 .

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the pipeline module includes:

[0054] The main line 6 connects the liquid fire extinguishing agent module 4, the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module 5 and the battery pack 1;

[0055] The branch line 7 is connected to the main line 6 and the input end of the multi-mode adaptive nozzle 11, and is used to transport the gaseous fire extinguishing agent or the liquid fire extinguishing agent to the multi-mode adaptive nozzle 11. A pressure sensor is provided in the branch line 7;

[0056] A star-shaped pipeline 8 is connected to the output end of the outer annular nozzle 13 of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle 11, and the star-shaped pipeline 8 is arranged in an X shape on the surface of the battery module 2;

[0057] The SMA variable valve 9 is provided on the star-shaped pipeline 8 and is used to adjust the fire extinguishing agent delivery pressure in the star-shaped pipeline 8;

[0058] SMA variable diameter valve 9 has the following characteristics:

[0059] Default state: SMA material is in the martensite phase, and the valve body inner diameter is 3mm.

[0060] Gaseous fire extinguishing agent mode: The control circuit heats the SMA material to cause it to undergo an austenitic phase transformation:

[0061] Initial stage 0-15ms: The inner diameter of the valve body gradually expands from 3mm, using high flow rate (≥12m / s) to quickly fill the star branch;

[0062] Stable stage>15ms: The inner diameter of the valve body is maintained at 5mm, achieving low pressure loss (<0.03MPa) transmission, ensuring that the gas passes through the annular branch and covers the module within 30ms.

[0063] Liquid fire extinguishing agent mode: Since the external nozzle is closed, there is no flow in the star pipe 8 and the valve body remains in the default state of 3mm (not working).

[0064] Reset mechanism: When the fire extinguishing temperature drops to less than 40℃, the inner diameter of the valve body automatically returns to 3mm.

[0065] The annular diversion branch 10 is connected to the star-shaped pipe 8 and is arranged around the battery module 2. The star-shaped pipe 8 and the annular diversion branch 10 are used to transport the fire extinguishing agent to the battery module 2. The annular diversion branch 10 surrounds the battery cell 3 to ensure that the liquid water mist covers the surface of the battery cell 3 in 10ms and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent fills the module in 30ms.

[0066] like Figure 2 Figure 3 As shown, the multi-modal adaptive nozzle 11 includes:

[0067] Internal nozzle 12;

[0068] The outer annular nozzle 13 is coaxially sleeved with the inner nozzle 12. The outer annular nozzle 13 is located outside the inner nozzle 12, and the outlet top of the outer annular nozzle 13 is aligned with the outlet top of the inner nozzle 12;

[0069] The base 16, the inner nozzle 12 and the outer annular nozzle 13 are fixed on the base 16;

[0070] The intelligent switching valve 14 is provided at the junction of the inner nozzle 12 and the outer annular nozzle 13;

[0071] The branch pipeline 7 is connected to the base 16 and is used to transport liquid fire extinguishing agent or gaseous fire extinguishing agent to the multi-mode adaptive nozzle 11 respectively.

[0072] The diameter of the inner nozzle 12 is 1.5 mm. Five spiral guide grooves 15 are equidistantly arranged on the inner wall of the inner nozzle 12 along the circumference. The spiral guide grooves 15 drive the liquid fire extinguishing agent (such as water-based fire extinguishing agent) to rotate and atomize at high speed to achieve ultrafine water mist with Dv50≤35μm.

[0073] The nozzle width of the outer annular nozzle 13 is 0.8 mm, that is, the distance from the inner wall of the outer annular nozzle 13 to the outer wall of the inner nozzle 12 is 0.8 mm. The outer annular nozzle 13 is a gradually expanding trumpet structure with an expansion angle of 15°. The expansion angle can ensure the diffusion speed while ensuring the uniformity of diffusion. Six groups of guide vanes 18 are equidistantly arranged at the outlet of the outer annular nozzle 13 along the circumferential direction, so that the gaseous fire extinguishing agent diffuses in a 360° circular manner with a coverage angle of ≥180°, effectively improving the spatial filling speed of the gaseous fire extinguishing agent.

[0074] An intelligent switching valve is arranged in the inner cavity of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle, 2.0±0.1 mm upstream of the inlet of the inner nozzle. The intelligent switching valve radially covers the entire circumference of the channel of the outer annular nozzle and is used to synchronously adjust the flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent flowing to the inner nozzle 12 and the outer annular nozzle 13. The intelligent switching valve 14 is made of shape memory alloy material. The intelligent switching valve 14 is connected to the control circuit, and the control circuit is connected to the pressure sensor located in the branch pipeline 7.

[0075] The control logic of the intelligent switching valve 14 is:

[0076] The pressure sensor detects the pressure in the branch pipe 7 in real time. When the pressure is detected to be ≥0.3 MPa, it is determined that the branch pipe 7 contains liquid fire extinguishing agent. The control circuit heats the shape memory alloy, which deforms and moves downward 0.8 mm to close the outer annular nozzle 13, leaving only the inner nozzle 12 fully open, and the multi-mode adaptive nozzle 11 enters the liquid mode.

[0077] The pressure sensor detects the pressure in branch pipe 7 in real time. When it detects a pressure of 0.1 MPa ≤ < 0.3 MPa, it determines that the branch pipe 7 contains gaseous fire extinguishing agent. The control circuit heats the shape memory alloy, causing it to deform upward by 0.6 mm, opening the outer nozzle. Simultaneously, the deformation of the shape memory alloy triggers the deformation of the mechanical structure, limiting the flow of the inner nozzle 12 to 50% opening, and the multi-mode adaptive nozzle 11 enters the gas mode. The response time for switching between different modes is less than 10 ms.

[0078] A magnetic quick-connect sealing structure is provided on the base 16 for realizing a detachable connection between the multi-modal adaptive sprinkler 11 and the fire extinguishing system pipeline; the suction value of the built-in neodymium iron boron magnet in the magnetic quick-connect sealing structure is ≥50N, and the suction value is determined by the force analysis and sealing requirements of the installation environment of the battery module 2, which can ensure that the sprinkler and the pre-embedded stainless steel screw sleeve of the battery module 2 shell are quickly aligned; a perfluoroether rubber O-ring 17 is provided in the magnetic quick-connect sealing structure, and the perfluoroether rubber O-ring 17 is temperature-resistant from -40°C to 200°C, and has a sealing grade of 10 -9 mbar·L / s, and the magnetic quick-connect seal structure increases installation efficiency by 50% and reduces maintenance costs by 70%.

[0079] The multi-modal adaptive nozzle 11 uses a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate + diamond-like carbon coating (DLC). Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy has high strength, low density and good corrosion resistance, and can withstand the high pressure and impact force during the injection of fire extinguishing agents; the diamond-like carbon coating (hardness 2000HV) can further enhance the surface wear resistance and cavitation resistance, extend the service life of the nozzle, and ensure stable injection performance during long-term use.

[0080] The fire extinguishing system operates as follows:

[0081] The fire extinguishing system has two fire extinguishing modes: the liquid fire extinguishing agent mode is high-pressure atomization fire extinguishing and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent mode is rapid gasification filling asphyxiation fire extinguishing:

[0082] Liquid fire extinguishing agent mode: Step 1, fire extinguishing agent delivery: Open the valve or liquid pump, and the fire extinguishing agent in the liquid fire extinguishing agent module 4 is delivered through the main pipeline at a high pressure of 1.0-1.5 MPa;

[0083] Step 2: Intelligent nozzle switching: The pressure sensor detects a pressure ≥ 0.3 MPa → the multi-modal adaptive nozzle enters liquid mode; the control circuit heats the SMA valve plate for < 10ms, causing it to deform and close the outer annular nozzle. The liquid fire extinguishing agent is sprayed only from the inner nozzle 12 toward the center area of ​​the battery module 2;

[0084] Step 3, ultra-fine atomization fire extinguishing: The fire extinguishing agent is accelerated to rotate through the spiral guide groove 15 of the inner nozzle 12, and the centrifugal force tears the droplets and atomizes them into ultra-fine water mist with Dv50≤35μm, while the traditional nozzle is only 80μm. The ultra-fine water mist can form a conical water mist with a coverage angle of ≥90° to cover the central area of ​​the battery module 2.

[0085] Gaseous fire extinguishing agent mode: Step 1, fire extinguishing agent delivery: Open the valve or air pump, and the fire extinguishing agent in the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module 5 enters the pipeline at a low pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa;

[0086] Step 2: Intelligent nozzle switching: The pressure sensor detects that the pressure is 0.1MPa≤pressure<0.3MPa→the multi-mode adaptive nozzle enters the gas mode; the SMA valve plate deforms to open the outer annular nozzle, and through mechanical linkage, the inner nozzle 12 is limited to 50% opening to prevent leakage;

[0087] Step 3: The dual-path diffusion of the gaseous fire extinguishing agent is as follows:

[0088] External nozzle → gradually expanding bell mouth 15° → guide vane 18 → star branch pipe → annular guide branch 10 → wrapped battery cell 3 groups;

[0089] The inner nozzle 12 is 50% open → spraying to the center area of ​​the battery module 2;

[0090] Step 4, cooling and resetting: After the fire is extinguished, the temperature drops below 40°C → the SMA spring cools down and recovers the martensite phase → the valve core retracts to an inner diameter of 3mm.

[0091] The technical effects of the present invention and the prior art are compared in Table 1:

[0092] Table 1

[0093] index Traditional design The present invention Improvement effect Liquid atomized particle size Dv50=80μm Dv50=35μm Heat absorption efficiency ↑30% Gaseous diffusion time 60ms 30ms Coverage speed ↑50% Sealing level <![CDATA[10 -7 mbar·L / s]]> <![CDATA[10 -9 mbar·L / s]]> Sealing ↑100 times

[0094] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-modal adaptive nozzle, characterized in that: include: Internal nozzle; An outer annular nozzle is coaxially sleeved with the inner nozzle, and the outer annular nozzle is located outside the inner nozzle; a base, on which the inner nozzle and the outer annular nozzle are fixed; An intelligent switching valve is disposed in the inner cavity of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle, 2.0±0.1 mm upstream of the inlet of the inner nozzle, and the intelligent switching valve radially covers the entire circumference of the channel of the outer annular nozzle; A pipeline is connected to the base and is used for conveying liquid fire extinguishing agent or gaseous fire extinguishing agent to the inner nozzle and the outer annular nozzle.

2. The multi-modal adaptive nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the inner nozzle is provided with five spiral guide grooves at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

3. The multi-modal adaptive nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer annular nozzle is a gradually expanding bell-mouth structure with an expansion angle of 15°. Six groups of guide vanes are equidistantly arranged at the outlet of the outer annular nozzle along the circumferential direction.

4. The multi-modal adaptive nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control logic of the intelligent switching valve is: When the pressure in the pipeline is ≥0.3 MPa, the intelligent switching valve is in the liquid fire extinguishing agent working mode, the intelligent switching valve closes the outer annular nozzle, and only the inner nozzle is working; When the pressure in the pipeline is within the range of 0.1MPa≤pressure<0.3MPa, the intelligent switching valve is in the gaseous fire extinguishing agent working mode, the intelligent switching valve opens the outer annular nozzle, and at the same time reduces the flow cross-section of the inner nozzle to 50% of its maximum flow cross-section.

5. The multi-modal adaptive nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intelligent switching valve is made of shape memory alloy material.

6. The multi-modal adaptive nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is provided with a magnetic quick-connect sealing structure for realizing a detachable connection between the multi-modal adaptive sprinkler head and the fire extinguishing system pipeline.

7. The multi-modal adaptive nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The magnetic quick-connect sealing structure is provided with a perfluoroether rubber O-ring for providing a sealing effect.

8. A fire extinguishing system with the multi-modal adaptive sprinkler according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Liquid fire extinguishing agent module, used for storing and supplying liquid fire extinguishing agent; A gaseous fire extinguishing agent module, used for storing and supplying gaseous fire extinguishing agent; a pipeline module, arranged around the protected battery module and connected to the liquid fire extinguishing agent module and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module; The multi-modal adaptive nozzle is arranged on the pipeline module.

9. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pipeline module includes: A branch pipeline connecting the liquid fire extinguishing agent module, the gaseous fire extinguishing agent module and the multi-mode adaptive nozzle; a star-shaped pipeline, the inlet of which is connected to the outer annular nozzle of the multi-modal adaptive nozzle, and the star-shaped pipeline is arranged in an X shape on the surface of the battery module; An SMA variable valve is provided on the star-shaped pipeline and is used to adjust the fire extinguishing agent delivery pressure in the star-shaped pipeline; The annular flow guide branch is connected to a plurality of nodes of the star-shaped pipeline and is arranged around the battery module.

10. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The SMA variable diameter valve has the following structural features: Normal martensite phase state: the inner diameter of the SMA variable diameter valve is 3 mm; When it is detected that the intelligent switching valve is in the gaseous fire extinguishing agent working mode, the control circuit heats the SMA material in the SMA variable diameter valve, and the SMA material undergoes an austenitic phase transformation. In the initial stage, the inner diameter of the SMA variable diameter valve gradually expands from 3 mm, so that the gaseous fire extinguishing agent can be filled into the star-shaped pipeline at a high flow rate. In the stable stage, the inner diameter of the SMA variable diameter valve is maintained at 5 mm, so that the gaseous fire extinguishing agent can be transported in the annular diversion branch with low pressure loss. When the temperature drops below 40° C., the SMA variable diameter valve is reset to an inner diameter of 3 mm.

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