Graphite flotation device and process based on hydrocyclone

Abstract

The graphite flotation device comprises a support and a collecting box, a cyclone set is installed in the support and comprises at least three cyclones, each cyclone sequentially comprises a conical barrel part, a middle cylinder part and an upper cover structure from bottom to top, and an auxiliary cyclone mechanism is arranged in each upper cover structure; the auxiliary cyclone mechanism is used for assisting in increasing the tangential speed of materials entering the cyclone and comprises an adjustable cyclone blade assembly, a lifting assembly and a driving assembly. The upper cover structure comprises an upper cylinder, and the top of the upper cylinder is fixedly connected with a cover plate. According to the graphite flotation device and process based on the swirler, after graphite concentrate enters the swirler, materials are pushed to move through the auxiliary swirling mechanism, then effective pushing force is still maintained after the materials pass through the auxiliary swirling mechanism, the midway sedimentation risk is reduced, and adjustment can be conducted through the inclination angles of a plurality of fan blades in the adjustable swirling blade assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of graphite production, in particular to a cyclone-based graphite flotation device and process. Background Art

[0002] Graphite is an important non-metallic mineral resource, widely used in many fields such as metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, etc., and graphite flotation process is a commonly used method for graphite extraction. This article will conduct a comprehensive, detailed, complete and in-depth discussion on the graphite flotation process. The graphite flotation process utilizes the differences in adsorption and surface activity between graphite ore and specific reagents to float out useful minerals through flotation machinery and equipment, thereby achieving the separation and extraction of graphite.

[0003] Reference patent publication number "CN106513164B" discloses a flotation process for large-scale crystalline graphite ore, comprising the following steps: 1) crushing and ball-milling the raw large-scale crystalline graphite ore, adding a quick-selecting agent to the ground product, and then feeding it into a flotation machine for flotation to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings, wherein the quick-selecting agent comprises the following components: 50-65wt% of methyl isobutyl carbinol, 20-30wt% of petroleum ether, and 10-25wt% of acetone; 2) feeding the coarse concentrate obtained in step 1) into a flotation machine for multiple quick-selection and selection to obtain graphite concentrate and middlings, and combining the middlings obtained after multiple selections.

[0004] As shown in the above technology, the strong turbulence generated by traditional mechanical agitation flotation machines causes scale fragmentation. The graphite flakes are easily over-damaged due to mechanical grinding, resulting in the loss of large flakes, affecting the yield of high-value-added products. In addition, the existing technology uses cyclones for classification or desludging, but has not optimized the design for the synergistic effect between the hydrophobic stratification characteristics of graphite and the centrifugal field of the cyclone. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a graphite flotation device and process based on a cyclone, which solves the problem of large flake loss during the existing graphite flotation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A cyclone-based graphite flotation device includes a bracket and a collection box, wherein a cyclone group is installed in the bracket, and the cyclone group includes at least three cyclones, wherein the cyclones include, from bottom to top, a conical barrel portion, an intermediate cylindrical portion, and an upper cover structure, wherein an auxiliary cyclone mechanism is provided inside the upper cover structure for assisting in increasing the tangential velocity of the material entering the cyclone, and the auxiliary cyclone mechanism includes an adjustable cyclone blade assembly, a lifting assembly, and a drive assembly;

[0007] The upper cover structure includes an upper cylinder, the top of the upper cylinder is fixedly connected to a cover plate, the top of the cover plate is fixedly connected to an upper discharge pipe, and the upper discharge pipe passes through the cover plate and extends to the interior of the upper cylinder, the driving assembly is used to drive the adjustable swirl blade assembly to rotate, the lifting assembly is used to adjust the height of the adjustable swirl blade assembly, the adjustable swirl blade assembly includes a T-tube, the T-tube is movably connected to the surface of the upper discharge pipe, the surface of the T-tube is connected to a plurality of rotating rods rotatably at equal distances along the circumferential direction, and one end of each of the plurality of rotating rods is fixedly connected to a fan blade.

[0008] Preferably, the adjustable swirl blade assembly also includes a sliding sleeve, which is slidably connected to the surface of the T-tube, and the surface of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with a plurality of L-shaped rods at equal distances along the circumference, and the surface of the L-shaped rod is fixedly connected with a retaining ring, and the top of the T-tube is fixedly connected with two left and right first electric push rods, and the telescopic ends of the two first electric push rods are fixedly connected to the top of the sliding sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, a guide groove is opened inside the fan blade, the retaining ring is inside the guide groove, and a torsion spring is sleeved on the surface of the rotating rod. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to one side of the fan blade, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the T-tube.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a fixing ring, which is fixedly connected to the top of the T-tube, and an annular groove is provided on the surface of the fixing ring. The top of the cover plate is fixedly connected to two left and right second electric push rods.

[0011] Preferably, the telescopic ends of the two second electric push rods are fixedly connected to an outer ring, the inner surface of the outer ring is fixedly connected to two left and right baffles, and the two baffles are both located inside the annular groove.

[0012] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a protective box and a driving motor, the protective box is fixedly connected to the surface of the upper cylinder, the driving motor is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the protective box, the output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected to a driving gear, and the top of the T-tube is fixedly connected to a ring gear, and the lifting assembly drives the adjustable swirl blade assembly to move downward to allow the ring gear to engage with the driving gear.

[0013] Preferably, the middle cylindrical part is fixedly connected to the top of the conical barrel part, a feed port for allowing graphite raw materials to enter tangentially is provided on the middle cylindrical part, and the upper cover structure is fixedly connected to the top of the middle cylindrical part.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a flotation process of a graphite flotation device based on a cyclone, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Crushing and ball-milling the raw large-scale crystalline graphite ore, adding a quick-selection agent to the grinding product and then putting it into the flotation machine for flotation to obtain coarse concentrate and tailings;

[0016] Step 2: The coarse concentrate obtained in step 1 is fed into a cyclone for cyclone cleaning. The tailings discharged from the bottom of the cyclone are regrinded and fed into the cyclone again. The tailings discharged from the top of the cyclone are used to obtain the middlings. This cleaning process is repeated multiple times, and the middlings obtained after multiple cleanings are combined.

[0017] Step 3: adjusting the pH value of the tailings obtained in step 2, adding kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent thereto, stirring, and flotation to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings, the coarse concentrate is ball-milled and re-ground, and kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent are added to the re-ground product, and then flotation is performed to obtain a primary concentrated concentrate and a middling ore, the primary concentrated concentrate is sand-milled and re-ground, and kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent are again added to the re-ground product, and then flotation is performed to obtain a secondary concentrated concentrate and a middling ore, the secondary concentrated concentrate is combined with the middling ore obtained in step 2, and then subjected to multiple sand milling and flotation to obtain a graphite concentrate and a middling ore, and the middling ore obtained after multiple concentrations is combined;

[0018] Step 4: adding kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent to the tailings obtained in step 3 for scavenging to obtain middlings and tailings;

[0019] Step 5: The middlings obtained in steps 3 and 4 are combined, concentrated, and ball-milled. Emulsified kerosene and pine oil as a foaming agent are added thereto and then scavenged. After multiple re-grinding and flotation, graphite concentrate and tailings are obtained.

[0020] Preferably, in step three, when multiple selections are performed, the graphite enters the upgrading line after seven selections to obtain large flake graphite of the required size.

[0021] Beneficial effects

[0022] The present invention provides a graphite flotation device and process based on a cyclone. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. This cyclone-based graphite flotation device and process uses an auxiliary cyclone mechanism to push the material to move after the graphite concentrate enters the cyclone, thereby maintaining effective driving force after the material passes through, reducing the risk of sedimentation midway. The inclination angles of multiple blades in the adjustable cyclone blade assembly can be adjusted, and the angle can be quickly switched to adapt the graphite ore entry rate to the subsequent working state. During cyclone classification, the differentiated delivery of graphite ore materials of different sizes can be achieved by quickly adjusting the angle.

[0024] 2. The cyclone-based graphite flotation device and process can adjust the height of the auxiliary cyclone mechanism through a lifting assembly, so that the auxiliary cyclone mechanism can be put into a working position when the driving force needs to be increased, and cooperate with the driving assembly to avoid the problem of waste in the use cost of the device.

[0025] 3. The cyclone-based graphite flotation device and process adopts a stepped sorting strategy and avoids mechanical shear damage to scales by coarse particles through a graded centrifugal field, thereby improving the retention rate of large scales and reducing the scale breakage rate compared to traditional flotation processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The figure is a process flow chart of graphite flotation of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cyclone-based graphite flotation device according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a cyclone of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the auxiliary swirl mechanism of the present invention

[0030] Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the swirl assembly, drive assembly, and lifting assembly of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary swirl mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 It is an enlarged view of point A of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1. bracket; 2. collecting box; 3. cone barrel part; 4. middle cylindrical part; 5. upper cover structure; 51. upper cylinder; 52. cover plate; 53. upper discharge pipe; 6. adjustable swirl blade assembly; 61. T-tube; 62. rotating rod; 63. fan blade; 64. sliding sleeve; 65. L-shaped rod; 66. retaining ring; 67. guide groove; 68. torsion spring; 69. first electric push rod; 7. lifting assembly; 71. fixing ring; 72. annular groove; 73. second electric push rod; 74. outer ring; 75. retaining rod; 8. driving assembly; 81. driving motor; 82. driving gear; 83. ring gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] See also Figure 2-7 The graphite flotation device based on cyclone provides two technical solutions:

[0036] The first embodiment comprises a bracket 1 and a collecting box 2. A cyclone group is installed in the bracket 1. The cyclone group comprises at least three cyclones. The cyclones comprise, from bottom to top, a conical barrel portion 3, an intermediate cylindrical portion 4, and an upper cover structure 5. The intermediate cylindrical portion 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the conical barrel portion 3. A feed port for tangentially entering the graphite raw material is provided on the upper portion of the intermediate cylindrical portion 4. The upper cover structure 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the intermediate cylindrical portion 4. An auxiliary cyclone mechanism is provided inside the upper cover structure 5 for assisting in increasing the tangential velocity of the material entering the cyclone. The auxiliary cyclone mechanism comprises an adjustable cyclone blade assembly 6, a lifting assembly 7, and a driving assembly 8.

[0037] The upper cover structure 5 includes an upper cylinder 51, the top of the upper cylinder 51 is fixedly connected to a cover plate 52, the top of the cover plate 52 is fixedly connected to an upper discharge pipe 53, and the upper discharge pipe 53 passes through the cover plate 52 and extends to the interior of the upper cylinder 51, the driving component 8 is used to drive the adjustable swirl blade component 6 to rotate, the lifting component 7 is used to adjust the height of the adjustable swirl blade component 6, the adjustable swirl blade component 6 includes a T-tube 61, the T-tube 61 is movably connected to the surface of the upper discharge pipe 53, the surface of the T-tube 61 is connected to a plurality of rotating rods 62 that are equidistantly rotated along the circumferential direction, and one end of the plurality of rotating rods 62 is fixedly connected to a fan blade 63, and the adjustable swirl blade component Component 6 also includes a sliding sleeve 64, which is slidably connected to the surface of the T-tube 61. A plurality of L-shaped rods 65 are fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding sleeve 64 at equal distances along the circumferential direction. A retaining ring 66 is fixedly connected to the surface of the L-shaped rod 65. Two left and right first electric push rods 69 are fixedly connected to the top of the T-tube 61. The telescopic ends of the two first electric push rods 69 are fixedly connected to the top of the sliding sleeve 64. A guide groove 67 is provided inside the fan blade 63. The retaining ring 66 is inside the guide groove 67. A torsion spring 68 is sleeved on the surface of the rotating rod 62. One end of the torsion spring 68 is fixedly connected to one side of the fan blade 63, and the other end of the torsion spring 68 is fixedly connected to the surface of the T-tube 61.

[0038] After the graphite ore concentrate enters the cyclone, the auxiliary cyclone mechanism pushes the material to move, and then maintains effective driving force after the material passes through, reducing the risk of sedimentation in the middle. The inclination angle of the multiple blades 63 in the adjustable cyclone blade assembly 6 can be adjusted, and the angle switching can be completed quickly to adapt the graphite ore entry rate to the subsequent working state. When performing cyclone classification, the differentiated delivery of graphite ore materials of different sizes can be achieved by quickly adjusting the angle.

[0039] The second embodiment is mainly different from the first embodiment in that: the lifting component 7 includes a fixing ring 71, the fixing ring 71 is fixedly connected to the top of the T-tube 61, and an annular groove 72 is provided on the surface of the fixing ring 71. The top of the cover plate 52 is fixedly connected with two left and right second electric push rods 73, and the telescopic ends of the two second electric push rods 73 are fixedly connected with an outer ring 74. The inner surface of the outer ring 74 is fixedly connected with two left and right blocking rods 75, and the two blocking rods 75 are both inside the annular groove 72.

[0040] The driving assembly 8 includes a protective box and a driving motor 81. The protective box is fixedly connected to the surface of the upper cylinder 51. The driving motor 81 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the protective box. The output end of the driving motor 81 is fixedly connected to a driving gear 82. The top of the T-tube 61 is fixedly connected to a ring gear 83. The lifting assembly 7 drives the adjustable swirl blade assembly 6 to move downward so that the ring gear 83 and the driving gear 82 are engaged.

[0041] During use, graphite ore enters from the feed port on the middle cylindrical part 4 with a certain pressure, and the graphite ore swirls in the conical barrel part 3 and the middle cylindrical part 4 and completes classification. In addition, when the bottom discharge port is increased or the sorting accuracy is insufficient, the two second electric push rods 73 are started to make the outer ring 74 move downward, and the outer ring 74 moves downward and pushes the fixed ring 71 downward through the two baffles 75, so that the ring gear 83 is engaged with the driving gear 82, and the driving motor 81 is started to make the driving gear 82 rotate. The driving gear 82 rotates and makes the ring gear 83 rotate, thereby driving the T-tube 61 to rotate. The rotation of the T-tube 61 causes the multiple blades 63 to rotate, thereby pushing the material to move. In addition, when the sorting power is insufficient, the two first electric push rods 69 are started to make the sliding sleeve 64 move upward, thereby driving the multiple L-shaped rods 65 to move upward, and then push the fan blades 63 to rotate through the baffle ring 66, thereby changing the angle of the fan blades 63, thereby increasing the material conveying capacity.

[0042] See Figure 1 The present invention also discloses a graphite flotation device and process based on a cyclone, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Crushing and ball-milling the raw large-scale crystalline graphite ore, adding a quick-selection agent to the grinding product and then putting it into the flotation machine for flotation to obtain coarse concentrate and tailings;

[0044] Step 2: The coarse concentrate obtained in step 1 is fed into a cyclone for cyclone cleaning. The tailings discharged from the bottom of the cyclone are regrinded and fed into the cyclone again. The tailings discharged from the top of the cyclone are used to obtain the middlings. This cleaning process is repeated multiple times, and the middlings obtained after multiple cleanings are combined.

[0045] Step 3: adjusting the pH value of the tailings obtained in step 2, adding kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent thereto, stirring, and flotation to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings, the coarse concentrate is ball-milled and re-ground, and kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent are added to the re-ground product, and then flotation is performed to obtain a primary concentrated concentrate and a middling ore, the primary concentrated concentrate is sand-milled and re-ground, and kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent are again added to the re-ground product, and then flotation is performed to obtain a secondary concentrated concentrate and a middling ore, the secondary concentrated concentrate is combined with the middling ore obtained in step 2, and then subjected to multiple sand milling and flotation to obtain a graphite concentrate and a middling ore, and the middling ore obtained after multiple concentrations is combined;

[0046] Step 4: adding kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent to the tailings obtained in step 3 for scavenging to obtain middlings and tailings;

[0047] Step 5: The middlings obtained in steps 3 and 4 are combined, concentrated, and ball-milled. Emulsified kerosene and pine oil as a foaming agent are added thereto and then scavenged. After multiple re-grinding and flotation, graphite concentrate and tailings are obtained.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0049] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A graphite flotation device based on a cyclone, comprising a support (1) and a collection box (2), characterized in that: A cyclone group is installed in the bracket (1), and the cyclone group includes at least three cyclones. The cyclones include a conical barrel part (3), an intermediate cylindrical part (4) and an upper cover structure (5) from bottom to top. The intermediate cylindrical part (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the conical barrel part (3). A feed port for allowing graphite raw materials to enter tangentially is provided on the upper part of the intermediate cylindrical part (4). The upper cover structure (5) is fixedly connected to the top of the intermediate cylindrical part (4). An auxiliary cyclone mechanism is provided inside the upper cover structure (5) for assisting in increasing the tangential velocity of the material entering the cyclone. The auxiliary cyclone mechanism includes an adjustable cyclone blade assembly (6), a lifting assembly (7) and a driving assembly (8); The upper cover structure (5) includes an upper cylinder (51), the top of the upper cylinder (51) is fixedly connected to a cover plate (52), the top of the cover plate (52) is fixedly connected to an upper discharge pipe (53), and the upper discharge pipe (53) passes through the cover plate (52) and extends to the interior of the upper cylinder (51), the driving assembly (8) is used to drive the adjustable swirl blade assembly (6) to rotate, and the lifting assembly (7) is used to adjust the height of the adjustable swirl blade assembly (6), and the adjustable swirl blade assembly (6) includes a T-tube (61), the T-tube (61) is movably connected to the surface of the upper discharge pipe (53), and the surface of the T-tube (61) is rotatably connected to a plurality of rotating rods (62) at equal distances along the circumferential direction, and one end of each of the plurality of rotating rods (62) is fixedly connected to a fan blade (63).

2. A graphite flotation device based on a cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable swirl blade assembly (6) further comprises a sliding sleeve (64), the sliding sleeve (64) being slidably connected to the surface of the T-shaped tube (61), a plurality of L-shaped rods (65) being fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding sleeve (64) at equal distances along the circumferential direction, a retaining ring (66) being fixedly connected to the surface of the L-shaped rod (65), two left and right first electric push rods (69) being fixedly connected to the top of the T-shaped tube (61), and the telescopic ends of the two first electric push rods (69) being fixedly connected to the top of the sliding sleeve (64).

3. A graphite flotation device based on a cyclone according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide groove (67) is provided inside the fan blade (63), and the retaining ring (66) is located inside the guide groove (67). A torsion spring (68) is sleeved on the surface of the rotating rod (62), one end of the torsion spring (68) is fixedly connected to one side of the fan blade (63), and the other end of the torsion spring (68) is fixedly connected to the surface of the T-shaped tube (61).

4. The graphite flotation device based on a cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lowering assembly (7) comprises a fixing ring (71) fixedly connected to the top of the T-shaped tube (61), an annular groove (72) is provided on the surface of the fixing ring (71), and two left and right second electric push rods (73) are fixedly connected to the top of the cover plate (52).

5. A graphite flotation device based on a cyclone according to claim 4, characterized in that: The telescopic ends of the two second electric push rods (73) are fixedly connected to an outer ring (74), and the inner surface of the outer ring (74) is fixedly connected to two left and right blocking rods (75), and the two blocking rods (75) are both located inside the annular groove (72).

6. The graphite flotation device based on a cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (8) comprises a protective box and a driving motor (81), wherein the protective box is fixedly connected to the surface of the upper cylinder (51), and the driving motor (81) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the protective box. The output end of the driving motor (81) is fixedly connected to a driving gear (82), and the top of the T-shaped tube (61) is fixedly connected to a ring gear (83). When the lifting assembly (7) drives the adjustable swirl blade assembly (6) to move downward, the ring gear (83) is engaged with the driving gear (82).

7. A flotation process for a graphite flotation device based on a cyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Crushing and ball-milling the raw large-scale crystalline graphite ore, adding a quick-selection agent to the grinding product and then putting it into the flotation machine for flotation to obtain coarse concentrate and tailings; Step 2: The coarse concentrate obtained in step 1 is fed into a cyclone for cyclone cleaning. The tailings discharged from the bottom of the cyclone are regrinded and fed into the cyclone again. The tailings discharged from the top of the cyclone are used to obtain the middlings. This cleaning process is repeated multiple times, and the middlings obtained after multiple cleanings are combined. Step 3: adjusting the pH value of the tailings obtained in step 2, adding kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent thereto, stirring, and flotation to obtain a coarse concentrate and tailings, the coarse concentrate is ball-milled and re-ground, and kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent are added to the re-ground product, and then flotation is performed to obtain a primary concentrated concentrate and a middling ore, the primary concentrated concentrate is sand-milled and re-ground, and kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent are again added to the re-ground product, and then flotation is performed to obtain a secondary concentrated concentrate and a middling ore, the secondary concentrated concentrate is combined with the middling ore obtained in step 2, and then subjected to multiple sand milling and flotation to obtain a graphite concentrate and a middling ore, and the middling ore obtained after multiple concentrations is combined; Step 4: adding kerosene emulsified with an emulsifier and pine oil as a foaming agent to the tailings obtained in step 3 for scavenging to obtain middlings and tailings; Step 5: The middlings obtained in steps 3 and 4 are combined, concentrated, and ball-milled. Emulsified kerosene and pine oil as a foaming agent are added thereto and then scavenged. After multiple re-grinding and flotation, graphite concentrate and tailings are obtained.

8. The flotation process of a graphite flotation device based on a cyclone according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step 3, when multiple selections are performed, the graphite enters the quality upgrading line after seven selections to obtain large flake graphite of the required size.

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