Full-life-cycle slope protection method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a full-life-cycle slope protection method which comprises the following steps: in a slope operation period, acquiring strain information of a first anchor rod (13) and / or strain information of an anchor buckle through a fiber grating sensor (14) of an active protection net system (1) according to deformation of a first net body (11), and modulating and converting the strain information into a first electric signal or a first optical signal; the edge computing node transmits the first electric signal or the first optical signal to the cloud platform through a wireless sensor (3); calculating the slope surface stability of the slope through a background diagnosis model in the cloud platform according to the strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle corresponding to the first electric signal or the first optical signal; a corresponding maintenance strategy is given according to the slope stability; the local stress and deformation information of the protective net can be accurately obtained in real time, and accurate data support is provided for subsequent early warning and regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of slope disaster prevention, and in particular to a full-life cycle slope protection method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure construction, the number of slope structures in projects such as water conservancy, hydropower, and transportation has increased. Under the influence of internal and external forces such as frequent earthquakes, severe unloading, periodic rainfall, and high-frequency freeze-thaw cycles, the construction and operation of slope projects often face various geological disasters such as collapse, landslides, and debris flows, posing significant safety risks to the social economy, urban development, and the safety of people's lives and property. While traditional active protection nets can prevent loose rock and soil from sliding or collapsing by adhering closely to the rock and soil surface and applying prestressing or anchoring, they cannot monitor the net's stress state and hazard parameters in real time, making it difficult to provide early warnings and automatically adjust to adverse loads. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present invention provide a full-life cycle slope protection method, which can solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a full-life cycle slope protection net system, wherein the full-life cycle slope protection net system includes an active protection net system, wherein the active protection net system includes a first net body, a first net cable, and a first anchor rod;

[0005] The first anchor rods are fixed on the slope at intervals, and the plurality of first anchor rods respectively form a transverse row and a longitudinal row intersecting the transverse row. The first net cables are tensioned and connected between adjacent first anchor rods, and the first net cables are attached to the rock and soil on the slope surface.

[0006] There are multiple first net bodies, each of which is covered on the rock and soil on the slope surface of the slope, and the edge of each first net body is connected to the adjacent first net cable through a soft rope, and the first net body is in a tensioned state, and the contact section of the soft rope and the first net cable is fixed by an anchor buckle;

[0007] The active protection net system further includes a plurality of fiber grating sensors, each of which is disposed on the first net body and is configured to obtain strain information of the first anchor rod and / or the anchor buckle according to deformation of the first net body, and convert the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal; the fiber grating sensors are electrically connected to an edge computing node disposed near the active protection net system;

[0008] The edge computing node is electrically connected to the cloud platform via wireless sensors.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a full life cycle slope protection method, including:

[0010] During the slope operation period, the fiber optic Bragg grating sensor of the active protection net system obtains strain information of the first anchor rod and / or the anchor buckle according to the deformation of the first net body, and converts the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal;

[0011] The fiber grating sensor transmits the first electrical signal or the first optical signal to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system;

[0012] The edge computing node transmits the first electrical signal or the first optical signal to the cloud platform through the wireless sensor;

[0013] Calculating the slope stability of the slope based on the strain information of the first anchor rod and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle corresponding to the first electrical signal or the first optical signal using a background diagnostic model in the cloud platform;

[0014] Provide corresponding maintenance strategies based on slope stability;

[0015] The active protection net system includes a first net body, a first net cable and a first anchor rod; the first anchor rods are fixed on the slope at intervals, and a plurality of the first anchor rods respectively form a transverse row and a longitudinal row intersecting the transverse row; the first net cable is tensioned and connected between adjacent first anchor rods, and the first net cable is attached to the rock and soil on the slope surface; there are multiple first net bodies, each of which is covered on the rock and soil on the slope surface, and the edge of each first net body is connected to the adjacent first net cable by a soft rope, and the first net body is in a tensioned state, and the contact section between the soft rope and the first net cable is fixed by an anchor buckle;

[0016] The active protection net system further includes a plurality of fiber grating sensors, each of which is disposed on the first net body and is configured to obtain strain information of the first anchor rod and / or the anchor buckle according to deformation of the first net body, and convert the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal; the fiber grating sensors are electrically connected to an edge computing node disposed near the active protection net system;

[0017] The edge computing node is electrically connected to the cloud platform via wireless sensors.

[0018] This technical solution has the following beneficial effects: It can accurately and real-timely obtain information on the local forces and deformations of the protective net, providing accurate data support for subsequent early warning and control. Compared with traditional protective nets that cannot monitor local conditions in real time, this greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring, helping to identify potential safety hazards in advance and ensure the safety of the protective net. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a full life cycle slope protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a workflow diagram of the active protection net system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive protection net system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the passive protection net system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the active protection net system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] The reference numerals indicate:

[0026] 1. Active protection net system; 2. Passive protection net system; 3. Wireless sensor; 11. First net body; 12. First net rope; 13. First anchor rod; 14. Fiber Bragg grating sensor; 15. Micro strain sensor; 16. Sensing and mechanical control module; 17. Soft rope; 21. Second net body; 22. Vertical rod; 23. Second anchor rod; 24. Second net rope; 25. Displacement sensor; 26. Ultrasonic sensor; 27. Camera; 28. Vibration sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, in combination with an embodiment of the present invention, a full life cycle slope protection net system is provided, wherein the full life cycle slope protection net system includes an active protection net system 1, and the active protection net system 1 includes a first net body 11, a first net cable 12 and a first anchor rod 13;

[0029] The first anchor rods 13 are fixed at intervals on the slope, and the plurality of first anchor rods 13 form a transverse row and a longitudinal row intersecting the transverse row. The first net cables 12 are tensioned and connected between adjacent first anchor rods 13, and the first net cables 12 are attached to the rock and soil on the slope surface.

[0030] There are multiple first net bodies 11, each of which is covered on the rock and soil on the slope surface, and the edge of each first net body 11 is connected to the adjacent first net cable 12 through a soft rope 17. The first net body 11 is in a tensioned state, and the contact section of the soft rope 17 and the first net cable 12 is fixed by an anchor buckle;

[0031] The active protection net system 1 further includes a plurality of fiber grating sensors 14, which are arranged on the first net body 11 and are used to obtain strain information of the first anchor rod 13 and / or strain information of the anchor buckle according to the deformation of the first net body 11, and convert the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal; the fiber grating sensors 14 are electrically connected to an edge computing node arranged near the active protection net system 1;

[0032] The edge computing node is electrically connected to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor 3 .

[0033] It can accurately and in real time obtain local stress and deformation information of the protective net, providing accurate data support for subsequent early warning and control. Compared with traditional protective nets that cannot monitor local conditions in real time, this greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring, helps to identify potential safety hazards in advance, and ensures the safety of the protective net.

[0034] Preferably, the active protection net system 1 further includes a micro strain sensor 15, which is provided on each of the first anchor rods 13 for obtaining strain information of the first anchor rods 13. The micro strain sensor 15 is also provided on the anchor buckle for obtaining strain information of the anchor buckle and converting the strain information into a second electrical signal or a second optical signal. The micro strain sensor 15 is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0035] The micro strain sensor 15 and the fiber grating sensor 14 have a complementary relationship.

[0036] Preferably, the active protection net system 1 also includes a rain sensor installed on the edge computing node for real-time monitoring of rainfall, and a seismic sensor installed on the edge computing node for sensing seismic wave parameters, and the rain sensor and the seismic sensor are electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0037] Preferably, the active protective net system 1 also includes a hydraulic actuator installed at intervals at the first anchor rod 13 and the first net body 11, and the hydraulic actuator includes a hydraulic cylinder, one end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the head of the first anchor rod 13, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the first net body 11. The pressure of the hydraulic oil pushes the piston rod to move back and forth to apply or adjust the force to change the preload (i.e., prestress) of the entire protective net system; the hydraulic cylinder of the existing technology can be used, the specifications, structure and principles of the hydraulic cylinder are common knowledge, and the specifications, structure and principles of the hydraulic cylinder are not restricted. It is sufficient to realize the functions in the embodiments of the present invention, and they will not be elaborated here.

[0038] The active protection net system 1 also includes an intelligent sensing and mechanical regulation module 16, which is used to send control instructions to a designated hydraulic actuator according to a maintenance strategy, and designate the hydraulic actuator to adjust the prestress of the first anchor rod 13 according to the control instructions.

[0039] Preferably, it also includes a background diagnostic model located in the cloud platform, which is used to receive signal data about the active protection net system 1 sent by the edge computing node, evaluate the working status and degree of damage of the active protection net system 1 based on the signal data, and provide corresponding maintenance strategies.

[0040] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection net system further includes a passive protection net system 2, which is vertically arranged at the bottom end of the active protection net system 1, and includes: a second net body 21, a vertical rod 22, a second anchor rod 23 and a second net cable 24, the vertical rods 22 are fixed on the ground at intervals, the second net body 21 is tensioned and connected to two adjacent vertical rods 22, the second anchor rod 23 is fixed to the bottom surface near the vertical rod 22, and each vertical rod 22 is fixedly connected to the corresponding second anchor rod 23 by at least two second net cables 24;

[0041] The passive protection net system 2 also includes a vibration sensor 28 installed at the connection between the second net body 21 and the vertical rod 221. The vibration sensor 28 is used to detect the vibration of the second net body 21 when it is impacted and convert the vibration into a third electrical signal; the vibration sensor 28 is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0042] Preferably, the passive protection net system 2 also includes a displacement sensor 25 installed on each of the second net bodies 21, and the displacement sensor 25 is used to monitor the displacement changes of the second net body 21 to obtain the slack of the second net cable 24 and convert the slack into a fourth electrical signal; the displacement sensor 25 is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0043] Preferably, the passive protection net system 2 further includes an ultrasonic sensor 26 installed at the bottom of the passive protection net system 2. The ultrasonic sensor 26 is used to measure the height of the gravel accumulation in the passive protection net system 2 by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to calculate the amount of gravel accumulation, and convert the gravel accumulation amount into a fifth electrical signal. The ultrasonic sensor 26 is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0044] The passive protection net system 2 also includes a camera 27 installed at the top of the vertical pole 22. The camera 27 is used to capture the gravel accumulation image in the passive protection net system 2 in real time and convert the gravel accumulation image into a sixth electrical signal. The camera 27 is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0045] Preferably, the passive protective net system 2 also includes a pneumatic scraper device arranged in the passive protective net system 2, and the pneumatic scraper device includes a pneumatic scraper, a guide rail and a pneumatic drive device. The pneumatic scraper matches the curved surface on the second mesh body 21, and the pneumatic scraper is movable on the guide rail. The specific connection method is not limited, as long as it can move on the guide rail. The guide rail is installed on the edge or surface of the second mesh body 21, and the pneumatic drive device is used to drive the pneumatic scraper to move on the guide rail; the pneumatic drive device can adopt a device in the prior art that uses gas to drive and generate power, which is not limited here and will not be elaborated.

[0046] The pneumatic scraper device is used when the amount of gravel accumulated in the passive protective net system 2 reaches a certain level. According to the instructions of the control system, the pneumatic drive device provides power to make the pneumatic scraper move on the guide rail and move along the inner net surface of the passive protective net system 2, so as to scrape the gravel to the designated position through the pneumatic scraper.

[0047] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection net system also includes a background diagnostic model located in the cloud platform, which is used to receive signal data about the passive protection net system 2 sent by the edge computing node, evaluate the working status and degree of damage of the passive protection net system 2 based on the signal data, and provide corresponding maintenance strategies.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, in combination with an embodiment of the present invention, a full life cycle slope protection method is provided, comprising:

[0049] S101: During the slope operation period, a fiber grating sensor of the active protection net system obtains strain information of the first anchor rod and / or the anchor buckle according to the deformation of the first net body, and converts the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal.

[0050] S102: The fiber Bragg grating sensor transmits a first electrical signal or a first optical signal to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system;

[0051] S103: The edge computing node transmits the first electrical signal or the first optical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor;

[0052] S104: Calculating the slope stability of the slope based on the strain information of the first anchor rod and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle corresponding to the first electrical signal or the first optical signal using a backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform; and providing a corresponding maintenance strategy based on the slope stability.

[0053] The active protection net system 1 includes a first net body 11, a first net cable 12 and a first anchor rod 13; the first anchor rods 13 are fixed on the slope at intervals, and a plurality of the first anchor rods 13 respectively form a transverse column and a longitudinal column intersecting the transverse column, the first net cable 12 is tensioned and connected between adjacent first anchor rods 13, and the first net cable 12 is attached to the rock and soil on the slope surface of the slope; there are multiple first net bodies 11, each of which is covered on the rock and soil on the slope surface, and the edge of each first net body 11 is connected to the adjacent first net cable 12 by a soft rope 17, and the first net body 11 is in a tensioned state, and the contact section of the soft rope 17 and the first net cable 12 is fixed by an anchor buckle;

[0054] The active protection net system 1 further includes a plurality of fiber grating sensors 14, which are arranged on the first net body 11 and are used to obtain strain information of the first anchor rod 13 and / or strain information of the anchor buckle according to the deformation of the first net body 11, and convert the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal; the fiber grating sensors 14 are electrically connected to an edge computing node arranged near the active protection net system 1;

[0055] The edge computing node is electrically connected to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor 3 .

[0056] It can accurately and in real time obtain local stress and deformation information of the protective net, providing accurate data support for subsequent early warning and control. Compared with traditional protective nets that cannot monitor local conditions in real time, this greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring, helps to identify potential safety hazards in advance, and ensures the safety of the protective net.

[0057] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0058] Acquiring strain information of the first anchor rod 13 through a micro strain sensor 15 provided on each of the first anchor rods 13;

[0059] The micro strain sensor 15 provided on the anchor buckle obtains the strain information of the anchor buckle and converts the strain information into a second electrical signal or a second optical signal;

[0060] Transmitting the second electrical signal or the second optical signal to the edge computing node through the micro strain sensor 15;

[0061] The edge computing node transmits the second electrical signal or the second optical signal to the cloud platform through the wireless sensor 3;

[0062] Calculating the slope stability of the slope based on the strain information of the first anchor rod 13 and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle corresponding to the second electrical signal or the second optical signal through a background diagnostic model in the cloud platform;

[0063] When one of the micro strain sensor 15 and the fiber grating sensor 14 cannot obtain strain information or the obtained strain information is inaccurate, the strain information obtained by the other sensor is used.

[0064] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0065] The rainfall is monitored in real time by a rainfall sensor installed on an edge computing node belonging to the active protection network system 1, and the rainfall is transmitted to the edge computing node, and the edge computing node transmits the rainfall to the cloud platform through the wireless sensor 3;

[0066] The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform calculates the slope stability based on the rainfall and the strain information of the first anchor rod 13 and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle, combined with historical disaster data, to determine whether the stability reaches a preset warning threshold; if the preset warning threshold is reached, a warning message is issued to the management personnel;

[0067] The seismic wave parameters are sensed in real time by the seismic sensors installed on the edge computing nodes belonging to the active protection network system 1, and the seismic wave parameters are transmitted to the edge computing nodes. The edge computing nodes transmit the seismic wave parameters to the cloud platform through the wireless sensors 3;

[0068] The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform calculates the slope stability of the slope based on the seismic wave parameters and the strain information of the first anchor rod 13 and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle, combined with historical disaster data, and when there is rainfall, to determine whether the stability reaches a preset warning threshold; if the preset warning threshold is reached, a warning message is issued to the management personnel.

[0069] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0070] The intelligent sensing and mechanical control module 16 of the active protection net system 1 sends a control instruction to a designated hydraulic actuator according to a maintenance strategy, and designates the hydraulic actuator to adjust the prestress of the first anchor rod 13 according to the control instruction;

[0071] The active protective net system 1 further includes a hydraulic actuator installed at intervals between the first anchor rod 13 and the first net body 11. The hydraulic actuator includes a hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is connected to the head of the first anchor rod 13, and the other end of which is connected to the first net body 11. The hydraulic oil pressure pushes the piston rod to reciprocate to apply or adjust the force to change the preload (i.e., prestress) of the entire protective net system. The hydraulic cylinder of the prior art can be used. The specifications, structure, and principle of the hydraulic cylinder are common knowledge and are not limited. It is sufficient that the functions in the embodiments of the present invention can be realized, and they will not be described in detail here.

[0072] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0073] The vibration sensor 28 detects the vibration of the second mesh body 21 when it is impacted, and converts the vibration into a third electrical signal;

[0074] The third electrical signal is transmitted to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system 1 through the vibration sensor 28;

[0075] The edge computing node transmits the third electrical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor 3;

[0076] The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform determines the size of the falling object based on the vibration corresponding to the third electrical signal and provides a corresponding maintenance strategy;

[0077] The passive protection net system 2 is vertically arranged at the bottom end of the active protection net system 1, and the passive protection net system 2 includes: a second net body 21, a vertical rod 22, a second anchor rod 23 and a second net cable 24. The vertical rods 22 are fixed on the ground at intervals. The second net body 21 is tensioned and connected to two adjacent vertical rods 22. The second anchor rods 23 are fixed to the bottom surface near the vertical rods 22. Each vertical rod 22 is fixedly connected to the corresponding second anchor rod 23 by at least two second net cables 24.

[0078] The passive protection net system 2 also includes a vibration sensor 28 installed at the connection between the second net body 21 and the vertical rod 221. The vibration sensor is used to detect the vibration of the second net body 21 when it is impacted and convert the vibration into a third electrical signal; the vibration sensor is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0079] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0080] The displacement sensor 25 monitors the displacement change of the second net body 21 to obtain the slack of the second net cable 24, and converts the slack into a fourth electrical signal;

[0081] The fourth electrical signal is transmitted to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system 1 through the displacement sensor 25;

[0082] The edge computing node transmits the fourth electrical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor 3;

[0083] A backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform provides a corresponding maintenance strategy for the second anchor rod 23 based on the slack amount corresponding to the fourth electrical signal;

[0084] Among them, the passive protection net system 2 also includes a displacement sensor 25 installed on each second net body 21, and the displacement sensor 25 is used to monitor the displacement change of the second net body 21 to obtain the slack of the second net cable 24 and convert the slack into a fourth electrical signal; the displacement sensor 25 is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0085] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0086] The ultrasonic sensor 26 installed at the bottom of the passive protection net system 2 transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to measure the height of the gravel accumulation in the passive protection net system 2 to calculate the amount of gravel accumulation, and converts the gravel accumulation amount into a fifth electrical signal;

[0087] The fifth electrical signal is transmitted to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system 1 through the ultrasonic sensor 26;

[0088] The edge computing node transmits the fifth electrical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor 3;

[0089] The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform determines the amount of gravel accumulation corresponding to the fifth electrical signal and provides a corresponding gravel treatment strategy.

[0090] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0091] The camera 27 installed at the top of the vertical rod 22 captures the image of the rubble accumulation in the passive protection net system 2 in real time and converts the rubble accumulation image into a sixth electrical signal.

[0092] The sixth electrical signal is transmitted to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system 1 through the camera 27; the edge computing node transmits the sixth electrical signal to the cloud platform through the wireless sensor 3;

[0093] The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform provides a corresponding gravel treatment strategy based on the image corresponding to the sixth electrical signal and the amount of gravel accumulation corresponding to the fifth electrical signal.

[0094] The camera 27 is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

[0095] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method further includes:

[0096] During the slope maintenance period, when the amount of gravel accumulated in the passive protection net system 2 reaches a certain level, the slope maintenance period begins. According to the instructions of the control system, the pneumatic scraper device moves along the inner surface of the passive protection net system 2 to scrape the gravel to the designated position;

[0097] The passive protection net system 2 further includes a pneumatic scraper device provided within the passive protection net system 2. The pneumatic scraper device includes a pneumatic scraper, a guide rail, and a pneumatic drive device. The pneumatic scraper matches the curved surface on the second mesh body 21. The pneumatic scraper is movable on the guide rail. The specific connection method is not limited, as long as it can move on the guide rail. The guide rail is installed on the edge or surface of the second mesh body 21. The pneumatic drive device is used to drive the pneumatic scraper to move on the guide rail. The pneumatic drive device can adopt a device in the prior art that uses gas to drive and generate power, which is not limited here and will not be described in detail.

[0098] The pneumatic scraper device is used when the amount of gravel accumulated in the passive protective net system 2 reaches a certain level. According to the instructions of the control system, the pneumatic drive device provides power to make the pneumatic scraper move on the guide rail and move along the inner net surface of the passive protective net system 2, so as to scrape the gravel to the designated position through the pneumatic scraper.

[0099] Preferably, the full life cycle slope protection method also includes

[0100] During the slope maintenance period, the full life cycle slope protection method is used to continuously monitor: the strain information of the first anchor rod 13 and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle, rainfall, seismic wave parameters, vibration of the second mesh body 21 when it is impacted, the slack of the second mesh cable 24, the amount of gravel accumulated in the mesh, and the image of the gravel accumulation;

[0101] Through the backend diagnostic model within the cloud platform, combined with historical pile data and the geological conditions and climate information of the slope, the amount of gravel accumulation in the future is predicted; when it is predicted that the accumulation volume is about to reach the cleaning threshold, an early warning message is issued.

[0102] The above technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific application examples. For technical details not introduced during the implementation process, please refer to the relevant description above.

[0103] The full-lifecycle slope protection net system and corresponding method of the embodiment of the present invention, based on multi-source information fusion and intelligent control, realizes comprehensive disaster management of slopes to effectively respond to geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. By combining the intelligent active protection net system with the multifunctional passive protection net system, and using a digital platform to achieve full lifecycle management during the construction period, operation period, and maintenance period, the shortcomings of slope protection nets in existing technologies in terms of real-time monitoring, automatic control, maintenance efficiency, and full-lifecycle management are addressed, thereby improving the safety of the protection net, extending its service life, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing disaster response capabilities. The overall effectiveness and reliability of geological disaster protection are improved.

[0104] 1. Intelligent Active Protection Net System

[0105] (1) Structural composition

[0106] The intelligent active protection net system is built on the basis of the traditional active protection net, mainly adding intelligent perception and mechanical control modules, and deploying wireless sensors at the monitoring points to communicate with the digital platform. The intelligent active protection net system specifically includes:

[0107] 1. Net and Anchoring Components: The net structure of a traditional active protection net is retained, secured to the slope's rock and soil surface via anchoring components such as anchor rods. Sensors are integrated into the anchor buckles where the net cables and anchor rods connect to the net. Anchor rods are components that transmit tensile forces to stabilize the rock and soil. They are typically made of high-strength, precision-rolled, threaded steel bars, sometimes with a slight prestress. The anchor rods fully exert their anchoring effect after the rock and soil have undergone a certain degree of deformation.

[0108] 2. Sensor:

[0109] (1) Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor: Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are integrated into the net cable or anchor buckle, with one fiber Bragg Grating sensor 14 installed on each anchor buckle. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is an optical device with a periodic refractive index change formed within the core of an optical fiber. External stress changes can cause its Bragg wavelength to drift. By detecting the wavelength drift, strain information of the net cable or anchor buckle can be obtained, thereby achieving real-time monitoring of local stress.

[0110] (2) Micro strain sensor: Also arranged at the mesh or anchor, the micro strain sensor measures the strain of the mesh or anchor through the change in resistance or capacitance of its internal sensitive elements due to strain, thereby reflecting the local force and deformation.

[0111] Since the micro strain sensor and the fiber grating sensor have different working principles, when one sensor is insensitive or cannot obtain the strain information of the net rope or anchor buckle, the strain information of the net rope or anchor buckle obtained by the other sensor can be used.

[0112] (3) Disaster parameter sensors: Rainfall sensors are installed on edge computing nodes to monitor rainfall in real time. Seismic sensors installed on edge computing nodes near the active protection network system are used to sense relevant parameters of seismic waves, such as intensity and frequency. These sensors provide the system with external environmental parameters that are closely related to geological disasters.

[0113] 3. Mechanical control device: Install mechanical control devices such as hydraulic actuators to automatically apply or adjust prestress to the protective net when the system determines that prestress needs to be adjusted.

[0114] (2) Working principle and process, such as Figure 2 shown

[0115] 1. Real-time monitoring stage:

[0116] (1) Local stress and deformation monitoring: When the slope rock mass undergoes displacement or stress changes, it is transmitted to the cables and anchors of the protective net, causing them to deform. The Bragg wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating sensor or the resistance / capacitance of the micro strain sensor changes accordingly. The sensor converts these changes into electrical or optical signals for output.

[0117] (2) Disaster parameter monitoring: Rain sensors continuously monitor rainfall and output rainfall data in the form of electrical signals; seismic sensors sense seismic waves in real time and convert earthquake-related parameters into electrical signals. Big data algorithms are used to assess slope stability, especially to provide timely warnings of abnormal tension under extreme conditions such as heavy rainfall and earthquakes.

[0118] 2. Data Transmission and Preliminary Processing: The signals output by various sensors are transmitted via wired (such as shielded cables) or wireless (such as ZigBee and LoRa) methods to edge computing nodes in the edge computing layer, which are located near the active protection network. The edge computing nodes perform preliminary data processing, including signal amplification, filtering to remove noise, and data format conversion, to improve data quality and facilitate subsequent analysis.

[0119] 3. Data Cloudification and Analysis and Early Warning Phase: Preliminary processed data is uploaded to the cloud platform via the LoRa gateway using a network (such as 4G / 5G or fiber optic networks). The cloud platform uses big data algorithms, combined with geological information, historical disaster data, and real-time monitoring data, to comprehensively assess slope stability. In extreme conditions such as heavy rainfall or earthquakes, if abnormal tensile forces or other key data detected reach preset warning thresholds, the system immediately identifies them through big data algorithms and issues an early warning message to management personnel. Warnings can be sent via text message or app push notifications.

[0120] 4. Prestress automatic adjustment stage of the stress adjustment device: Once the system issues an early warning, the intelligent perception and mechanical control module will send a control instruction to the hydraulic actuator (the position of the anchor rod and the first net body (11)) according to the early warning information. The hydraulic actuator automatically adjusts the prestress of the protective net according to the instruction, enhances the anchoring force of the protective net on the rock and soil, enables the protective net to achieve the best interception and buffering effect, and ensures the stability of the slope. The hydraulic actuator changes the prestressing force (i.e. prestressing) of the entire protective net system by applying or adjusting the force at the position of the anchor rod and the first net body 11. The purpose of the hydraulic actuator is to adjust the tension (i.e. prestressing) of the protective net relative to the anchor rod. Therefore, its installation position is at the connection between the protective net system and the anchor point (anchor rod), and it can apply or adjust tension / compression. The hydraulic actuator is installed between the head of the main anchor rod and the protective net connection structure. A special connection device is installed on the part of the anchor rod exposed to the surface. One end of the hydraulic actuator (usually a hydraulic cylinder) is connected to the head of the anchor rod (or the pressure plate thereon), and the other end is connected to the main load-bearing component of the protective net system (for example, the edge support rope connected to the "first net body (11)", or the connecting plate that collects multiple steel wire ropes, etc.). When the prestress needs to be increased, the hydraulic cylinder extends (or shortens, depending on the specific design) to further tighten the protective net system relative to the anchor rod. Otherwise, it relaxes. It can directly act on the connection between the anchor point and the net system, and the adjustment effect is direct and clear.

[0121] The number of hydraulic actuators depends on the scale of the protection net and the layout of the anchor rods: (1) Small or local protection nets: It may be necessary to install hydraulic actuators at only a few key anchor rod positions, such as the top anchor rod (bearing the main vertical load) or the corner anchor rod (controlling the shape of the net and the boundary tension). The number may be around 2 to 4. (2) Large or overall protection nets: In order to achieve more uniform and more effective overall prestressing adjustment, it may be necessary to install hydraulic actuators at most or all major anchor rod positions (especially along the top boundary and possible side boundaries). The number may reach multiple or even more than a dozen. (3) Consider redundancy and zoning control: Even in large protection nets, not every anchor rod may be required, but they may be selectively installed on anchor rods that can effectively control the tension of the entire net surface or specific areas.

[0122] 2. Intelligent multifunctional passive protection net system

[0123] (1) Structural composition

[0124] like Figure 3 The passive protection net system shown in the figure is an intelligent multifunctional passive protection net system that is improved on the basis of the traditional passive protection net, mainly adding the following parts:

[0125] 1. Detection sensor:

[0126] (1) Vibration sensor: It is installed at key parts of the passive net, such as the connection between the net body and the supporting structure (vertical rod), etc. It is used to detect the vibration of the protective net when it is impacted and to determine whether there is any rockfall or other impact.

[0127] (2) Displacement sensor: It is placed near the second net cable to monitor whether the net cable is loose. When the looseness of the net cable exceeds a certain range, it may affect the interception effect of the protective net and needs to be dealt with in time.

[0128] (3) Ultrasonic sensor: It is installed at a suitable position in the passive network. It measures the height of the gravel accumulation in the network by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, and then calculates the amount of gravel accumulation.

[0129] (4) Camera: Install a camera at a key position of the passive net (the top of the pole) to capture the internal situation of the protective net in real time, obtain image information of the accumulation of gravel in the net, and assist in judging the working status of the protective net.

[0130] 2. Cleaning device: Equipped with pneumatic scrapers and other cleaning devices, when the amount of gravel accumulated in the net reaches a certain level, the pneumatic scrapers can move along the net surface under the command of the control system, scraping the gravel to the designated position, thus achieving a partial cleaning function. This reduces the force on the net surface and allows it to receive more gravel and other falling objects.

[0131] First, structural composition: (1) Pneumatic scraper: As the main cleaning element, its shape conforms to the curved surface design of the second mesh body 21, that is, the pneumatic scraper matches the curved surface on the second mesh body 21 and can scrape gravel along the mesh surface. (2) Guide rail system: including guide rails, installed on the surface or edge of the second mesh body 21, for the pneumatic scraper to move along the mesh surface according to control instructions. (3) Pneumatic drive device: provides power for the scraper to achieve the translational movement of the scraper, usually including a cylinder, an air pipe and an air source interface. (4) Control system interface: receives instructions from the monitoring system and controls the start, stop and movement path of the pneumatic scraper.

[0132] (5) Monitoring device (auxiliary): detects the amount of gravel accumulated in the net and triggers the cleaning instruction.

[0133] Second, the operating principle: When the monitoring device detects that the accumulation of gravel inside the protective net has reached a preset threshold, the control system issues a start command. A pneumatic drive unit drives the pneumatic scraper along the guide rails, using the scraper surface to scrape the gravel along the net surface toward the predetermined collection or discharge location, partially clearing the gravel and reducing the net surface load. Once the cleaning is complete, the scraper returns to its initial position, and the system enters standby mode.

[0134] Third, working steps: (1) Monitoring and perception: The monitoring device detects the amount of gravel accumulated in the protective net in real time. (2) Warning trigger: When the amount of gravel exceeds the set threshold, the control system is triggered to issue a cleaning command. (3) Command execution: The control system starts the pneumatic drive device, and the pneumatic scraper begins to move slowly along the guide rail. (4) Gravel scraping: As the scraper moves along the net surface, it scrapes the gravel on the net surface to the designated position. (5) Collection and discharge: The gravel is scraped to the predetermined collection area for subsequent processing or natural dispersion. (6) Reset standby: After completing the stroke, the scraper returns to the initial position and waits for the next cleaning command.

[0135] 3. Intelligent Diagnosis and Control System: This system includes edge computing nodes and a backend diagnostic model. The edge computing nodes collect data from various sensors for preliminary processing. The backend diagnostic model, located on the cloud platform, assesses the operating status and extent of damage to the protective net based on sensor data and image processing results, and provides a repair strategy.

[0136] (2) The working principle and process of the intelligent multifunctional passive protection network system, such as Figure 4 shown

[0137] 1. Data collection stage:

[0138] (1) Vibration and displacement detection: The vibration sensor monitors the vibration signal of the protective net in real time. When there is a rockfall or other external force, the vibration sensor outputs a corresponding electrical signal;

[0139] The displacement sensor continuously monitors the displacement changes of the net cable and converts the slack of the net cable into an electrical signal output.

[0140] (2) Gravel accumulation detection: The ultrasonic sensor periodically emits ultrasonic waves, which are reflected back after encountering the gravel accumulation. The sensor calculates the gravel accumulation height based on the time difference between the emission and reception of the ultrasonic waves, thereby obtaining the gravel accumulation data.

[0141] (3) Image acquisition: The camera takes real-time images of the interior of the protective net to obtain information such as the location and shape of the gravel accumulation in the net.

[0142] 2. Data Transmission and Preliminary Processing: Data collected by various sensors and images captured by cameras are transmitted to edge computing nodes via wired or wireless methods. Edge computing nodes perform preliminary data processing, such as filtering and amplifying sensor data and performing grayscale and noise reduction on images, to improve data quality and facilitate subsequent analysis.

[0143] 3. Intelligent Diagnosis and Early Warning Phase: Preliminary processed data and images are uploaded to the cloud platform via the LoRa gateway. The cloud platform's backend diagnostic model uses image processing technology to analyze camera images and identify the specific conditions of debris accumulation. Combined with data from vibration, displacement, and accumulation sensors, it assesses the net's operating status and damage level. If an anomaly is detected, such as severe slack in the netting, excessive debris accumulation, or strong impact, the system immediately issues an early warning signal. This warning signal can be notified to relevant personnel via audio and visual alarms, text messages, and app push notifications.

[0144] Detailed analysis of data processing, condition assessment and maintenance strategies:

[0145] First, the processing method of data from different sources:

[0146] (1) Image data (from camera):

[0147] Preliminary processing (possibly at the edge or gateway): image compression, format conversion, and timestamp tagging; cloud processing (backend diagnostic model); image preprocessing: denoising, contrast enhancement, and distortion correction; target detection and segmentation: identifying the protective net area, support structure, and rubble accumulation in the image. Accurately outline the rubble accumulation; feature extraction: calculating the area of ​​the rubble accumulation, the coverage ratio (percentage of the total net area), estimating the volume (combining possible depth information or historical data), and identifying the location distribution of the accumulation (whether it is concentrated in certain areas); change detection: comparing continuous frames or regularly taken images to identify whether there are new large fallen rocks, changes in the net surface shape (such as damage, obvious sagging), and abnormal support structures; damage identification: training models to identify specific damage patterns, such as broken wire ropes, mesh tears, abnormal anchor connections, etc.

[0148] (2) Vibration data (from vibration sensor):

[0149] Preliminary processing: signal filtering (removing high-frequency noise and irrelevant frequencies), sampling; cloud processing; time domain analysis: calculating the peak value (maximum amplitude), root mean square value (RMS, reflecting the energy size), and kurtosis (reflecting the impact) of the vibration signal. High amplitude and high peak factor may indicate an impact event; frequency domain analysis (such as FFT): analyze the spectrum of the vibration signal and identify the main frequency and its changes. The natural frequency of the protective net structure will change due to tension, mass (deposits), damage, etc. For example, a decrease in frequency may mean that the net cable is loose or structurally damaged. Specific high-frequency components may indicate local damage such as wire breakage; pattern recognition: compare the current vibration mode with the "baseline mode" under normal conditions and known "impact event mode", "relaxation mode", etc.

[0150] (3) Displacement data (from displacement sensor):

[0151] Preliminary processing: Data calibration and drift removal; Cloud-based processing; Absolute displacement calculation: Measure the displacement of key points (such as the center of the net or near the anchor point) relative to the initial installation position or a stable reference point. Large, sustained displacements often indicate net cable slack or foundation deformation; Relative displacement calculation: Measure the relative displacement between different points within the net to analyze the deformation morphology of the net surface; Rate of change analysis: Calculate the velocity and acceleration of displacement. Rapid, large displacement changes are often associated with strong impact events; slow, sustained increases in displacement may indicate creep or progressive relaxation / damage.

[0152] (4) Accumulation data (from weighing sensor / load sensor, etc.):

[0153] Initial processing includes tare weight removal and unit conversion (e.g., from voltage / current signals to weight / force values). Cloud-based processing is also performed. Total load calculation involves calculating the total weight supported by the protective net or the total tension at key anchor points. Load distribution analysis examines data from various sensors to determine whether the deposit is evenly distributed and whether there are any localized overloads. Threshold comparison compares the current total load or loads at key points with the designed safety threshold. Load rate of change analyzes the rate of load increase. A sudden, large increase typically indicates an impact event or a large rockfall, while a slow, continuous increase indicates a gradual accumulation of debris.

[0154] Second, the working status assessment method of the protective net:

[0155] The cloud-based backend diagnostic model comprehensively processes the above multi-source data and performs status assessment:

[0156] (1) Normal working condition, evaluation basis: All sensor data are within the preset normal range. The image shows that the mesh surface is normal, with no obvious accumulation or damage. The vibration is smooth and the frequency is stable. The displacement is small. The load is far below the threshold.

[0157] (2) The net cable is severely slack. Assessment criteria: Main indicator: The displacement sensor detects a continuous sagging or deformation that exceeds the threshold. Auxiliary indicator: Vibration analysis shows a significant decrease in the natural frequency of the protective net. The image may directly show the net surface sagging. The anchor point load sensor reading may be relatively low (if the slack causes part of the load to be ineffectively transferred).

[0158] (3) Excessive accumulation of gravel. Assessment criteria: Primary indicator: Accumulation (load) sensor reading exceeds a preset safety threshold (e.g., 60% or 70% of the design load capacity). Secondary indicator: Image processing analysis shows that the gravel coverage area / estimated volume exceeds the set limit. Displacement sensors may detect significant deformation due to weight.

[0159] (4) Subjected to strong impact, assessment basis: Main indicators: The vibration sensor detects a short-duration, high-amplitude impact signal with specific frequency characteristics. The displacement sensor records a large instantaneous displacement. The load sensor shows a sudden increase in load. Auxiliary indicators: Images (if captured) may show obvious changes at the moment of impact or after the impact (such as the addition of large rocks or damage to the net surface).

[0160] (5) Potential structural damage (such as broken wires, damaged connectors, etc.), assessment basis: Main indicators: Abnormal frequencies in the vibration spectrum or unexplained changes in the natural frequency (not caused by relaxation or accumulation). Image analysis identifies visual features such as local damage and fractures. After the impact, even if the fallen rocks are removed, the displacement sensor still shows residual deformation. Abnormal readings of local load sensors. Auxiliary indicators: Comparison with historical data shows that some parameters have a trend of deterioration.

[0161] Third, corresponding maintenance strategy:

[0162] After the system issues an early warning, corresponding maintenance strategies should be adopted according to different evaluation statuses:

[0163] (1) For serious looseness of the net rope

[0164] Short-term: Immediately verify the degree and extent of the slack on site and assess the safety risk. Set a temporary alert. Medium-term: Arrange for professional personnel to re-tension the net cables. Inspect and tighten all connectors. Long-term: Analyze the cause of the slack (such as material fatigue, foundation settlement, improper design), and implement reinforcement or design optimization if necessary. Check that components such as the energy dissipation ring are functioning properly.

[0165] (2) Excessive accumulation of gravel

[0166] Short-term: Confirm the accumulation on-site and assess whether it impacts road and facility safety. Medium-term: Organize cleanup operations to remove accumulated debris within the netting. During and after cleanup, carefully inspect the netting for damage caused by overloading (e.g., wire wear, mesh deformation, loose connections). Long-term: Evaluate the source and frequency of debris accumulation to consider whether additional source control measures (e.g., slope reinforcement) or adjustments to the cleanup cycle are necessary.

[0167] (3) For those who are strongly impacted

[0168] Short-term: Immediately cordon off the potentially affected area and conduct an emergency safety assessment. Medium-term: Conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of the impacted area, including all components, including mesh, wire ropes, support ropes, anchors, foundations, and energy dissipation devices. Repair or replace them based on the extent of the damage. Damaged energy dissipation devices (such as pressure relief rings) must be replaced. Long-term: Analyze whether the impact energy exceeds design expectations and assess whether increased protection levels or additional buffer structures are needed.

[0169] (4) Potential structural damage

[0170] Short-term: Based on the early warning information, suspected areas of damage are located. Medium-term: Technicians are dispatched to conduct a targeted and detailed inspection, which may require the use of non-destructive testing methods such as endoscopes and ultrasonic testing. Once damage is confirmed, precise repairs or replacement of damaged components are performed. Long-term: The cause of damage (fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing defects, etc.) is analyzed, maintenance plans are adjusted, and monitoring and inspection of similar components are strengthened.

[0171] General Strategy: Recording and Analysis: All warning, inspection, and maintenance activities should be recorded in detail for subsequent analysis, model optimization, and improved maintenance plans. Regular Inspections: Intelligent monitoring cannot completely replace regular manual on-site inspections. The combination of the two can more comprehensively understand the status of the protection network. Spare Parts Preparation: Based on historical data and potential risks, prepare common spare parts for wearing parts and key components. Personnel Training: Ensure that maintenance personnel understand the meaning of the warning information of the intelligent system and master the corresponding inspection and maintenance skills.

[0172] Through closed-loop management of data processing -> status assessment -> accurate early warning -> targeted maintenance, the safety and maintenance efficiency of passive protection nets can be significantly improved.

[0173] 4. Automatic Cleaning and Maintenance Strategy Generation Phase: When the ultrasonic sensor detects that the amount of debris accumulated within the net has reached a set threshold, the cloud platform sends a command to the pneumatic scraper control system, activating it to remove the debris outside the passive protection net. Simultaneously, the backend diagnostic model generates a detailed maintenance strategy based on the overall net assessment, such as the location of the net cables that need replacement and areas that require reinforcement. This maintenance strategy is then fed back to management personnel to guide maintenance work.

[0174] 3. Full Lifecycle Management

[0175] Existing technologies generally focus solely on monitoring the operational phase of the protection net, lacking comprehensive consideration and systematic management of the construction and maintenance phases. This one-sided management approach results in a lack of coherence and coordination between the various phases of the slope protection net system's lifecycle, hindering efficient and intelligent management from construction to operation and maintenance. However, the present invention addresses disaster prevention management of slopes during the construction, operation, and maintenance phases simultaneously.

[0176] (1) Construction period - prestressed intelligent loading

[0177] 1. System Installation: During the construction process, intelligent tensioning equipment is used to apply prestress to the protective net. The intelligent tensioning equipment is equipped with a pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the applied prestress. At the same time, a local control terminal is set up at the construction site, which is connected to the intelligent tensioning equipment and pressure sensor via wired or wireless means. The tensioning equipment is generally arranged at the edge of the net or near the anchor point for easy operation during construction. If the construction area is large, multiple intelligent tensioning equipment are arranged in time-sharing or grouped arrangements, and centrally managed in conjunction with the local control terminal. The intelligent tensioning equipment is connected to the main load-bearing steel cables or anchor cables of the protective net (such as the main steel wire rope, the end of the anchor rod, or the reserved tensioning section) through a clamping device. The tensioning position is determined according to the specific structure of the net. The prestressing force value is converted into a tension force value by measuring the hydraulic oil pressure or the torque of the loading motor through an integrated pressure sensor. Some systems also use tension sensors directly installed at the clamping point of the steel cable for measurement.

[0178] First, the specific structure and location of the intelligent tensioning equipment

[0179] (1) Intelligent tensioning equipment body

[0180] Hydraulic jack or electric tensioner: As the core component for applying force, the hydraulic jack pushes the piston rod out through oil pressure to achieve the tensioning of the wire rope or steel cable; the electric tensioner controls the tensioning force through the motor and the reduction mechanism, which is suitable for fine control. Tension sensor (pressure sensor): Usually installed in the oil circuit of the hydraulic system or directly integrated into the jack piston rod, it collects tensioning force data in real time and can also provide feedback for the loading system. Clamping device (fixture): Used to clamp the protective net steel cable, wire rope or anchor cable to be tensioned. Clamps, clamps or hydraulic clamps are commonly used to prevent slippage during the force application process.

[0181] (2) Connection structure and setting location

[0182] Connecting components: The intelligent tensioning equipment is connected to the main load-bearing steel cables or anchor cables of the protective net (such as the main steel wire rope, the end of the anchor rod or the reserved tensioning section) through a clamping device. The tensioning position is determined according to the structure of the net body. Force measuring components: The prestressed force value is converted into a tension force value by measuring the hydraulic oil circuit pressure or the torque of the loading motor through an integrated pressure sensor. Some systems also use tension sensors directly installed at the clamping point of the steel cable for measurement. Construction site layout: Tensioning equipment is generally arranged near the edge of the net or anchor point for easy operation during construction. If the construction scope is large, multiple intelligent tensioning equipment are arranged in time or groups, and centrally managed in conjunction with the local control terminal.

[0183] (3) Prestressing method

[0184] Intelligent tensioning equipment controls the extension of the jack's piston rod, gradually applying tension to the clamped cable. Sensors provide real-time feedback, and the control system adjusts the hydraulic pressure or drive motor to accurately load the preset target prestress.

[0185] (4) Prestress measurement and feedback

[0186] The magnitude of prestress is mainly monitored by pressure sensors in the hydraulic system, which are converted into actual tension values ​​based on the area of ​​the hydraulic cylinder, or by directly measuring the cable tension through tension sensors. The sensor transmits real-time data to the local control terminal, which displays and monitors the data, achieving closed-loop control of the force application process to ensure that the prestress meets the design requirements. The intelligent tensioning equipment structure includes a hydraulic jack / electric tensioner, a clamping device and a pressure sensor, which is clamped on the main steel cable or anchor of the protective net. The load is applied by hydraulic drive or motor-controlled piston extension and contraction. The pressure sensor or tension sensor measures the tension in real time, and all data is centrally transmitted to the local control terminal to achieve intelligent, real-time and accurate prestress application and monitoring.

[0187] 2. Workflow: During the installation of the protective net, pressure sensors collect the prestress values ​​applied by the intelligent tensioning equipment in real time and transmit the data to the local control terminal. The local control terminal pre-sets the standard prestress value required for the protective net. By comparing the real-time collected prestress value with the standard value, the operating parameters of the intelligent tensioning equipment, such as tensioning speed and tensioning force, are automatically adjusted. For example, if the collected prestress value is less than the standard value, the control terminal instructs the intelligent tensioning equipment to increase the tension until it reaches the standard value. In this way, the protective net is accurately prestressed during construction, meeting design requirements and ensuring stable operation.

[0188] (2) Operation Period - Dynamic Load Adjustment

[0189] 1. System device: Dynamic load adjustment is achieved by relying on sensors, edge computing nodes, cloud platforms, hydraulic actuators and other equipment in the intelligent active protection network system.

[0190] 2. Workflow: During operation, various sensors within the intelligent active protection net system monitor the net's stress state and external disaster parameters in real time. This data is initially processed by edge computing nodes and uploaded to the cloud platform. The cloud platform uses big data algorithms to conduct real-time assessments of slope stability. When the monitored stress state or disaster parameters indicate a change in slope stability that could affect the net's effectiveness, the cloud platform sends control commands to the hydraulic actuators via the intelligent sensing and mechanical control module. The hydraulic actuators automatically adjust the net's prestress according to these commands, achieving dynamic load regulation. This ensures the net maintains optimal protection performance under varying geological conditions and disaster threats, effectively improving its safety and service life.

[0191] (3) Maintenance period - accumulation prediction and cleaning

[0192] 1. System installation: Utilize ultrasonic sensors, cameras, edge computing nodes, cloud platforms, and big data prediction models in the intelligent multifunctional passive protection net system to predict and clean up the accumulation volume.

[0193] 2. Workflow: During the maintenance period, ultrasonic sensors continuously monitor the amount of gravel accumulated within the net, and cameras capture real-time images of the net. This data is initially processed by edge computing nodes and uploaded to the cloud platform. The big data prediction model on the cloud platform combines historical accumulation data, real-time monitoring data, and information about the slope's geological conditions and climate to predict the amount of gravel accumulated over the next period of time. When the accumulation is predicted to reach the cleaning threshold, an early warning is immediately issued to management personnel, and automatic cleaning devices (such as pneumatic scrapers) are activated for cleaning, or maintenance personnel are arranged for manual cleaning. This achieves predicted accumulation and cleaning, ensuring the continued reliable operation of the protective net throughout its life cycle.

[0194] The beneficial technical effects achieved by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0195] 1. Intelligent Active Protection Net System

[0196] 1. The use of sensor integration technology enables real-time and accurate acquisition of local force and deformation information on the protective net, providing accurate data support for subsequent early warning and control. Compared with traditional protective nets that cannot monitor local conditions in real time, this greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring, helps to identify potential safety hazards in advance, and ensures the safety of the protective net.

[0197] 2. Cloud-based data and risk warning algorithms leverage the cloud's powerful data storage and computing capabilities, combined with big data algorithms, to enable comprehensive assessments of slope stability and timely warnings under extreme conditions. This enables dynamic management of disaster risks, allowing managers to understand slope safety conditions in real time and take countermeasures before extreme events occur, minimizing casualties and property losses. This also reduces the workload and errors associated with manual data analysis.

[0198] 3. Automatically adjust the prestressing force of the protective net based on real-time monitoring data and early warning information, ensuring that the net always maintains optimal interception and buffering effects. This improves the adaptive capacity of the protective net, effectively responding to different geological conditions and disaster threats, extending the service life of the protective net, and reducing the risk of disasters caused by protective net failure.

[0199] It avoids the problems in the existing technology: "1. Lack of real-time monitoring and automatic control: Traditional active protective nets mainly rely on clinging to the rock and soil surface on the slope, and applying prestress or anchoring to prevent loose rock and soil from sliding or collapsing. However, this type of protective net lacks the ability to monitor the stress state of the net in real time, and cannot obtain various disaster parameters in real time. When faced with adverse loads caused by extreme conditions such as heavy rainfall and earthquakes, the prestress cannot be automatically adjusted in time, and early warnings cannot be issued quickly, making it difficult for the protective net to achieve the best interception and buffering effect, which in turn makes it difficult to ensure the safety of the protective net and may shorten its service life due to abnormal stress. 2. Manual inspections are costly and management is lagging: Since traditional active protective nets themselves do not have real-time monitoring functions, a large amount of manpower is required for regular inspections to ensure their safety. This method is not only costly, but also due to the time intervals between inspections, it is difficult to detect potential dangerous conditions in a timely manner, and dynamic management of disaster risks cannot be achieved. Once an extreme event occurs, it is difficult to issue a timely warning and take effective response measures."

[0200] 2. Passive protection net system

[0201] 1. Multiple sensors monitor the working status of the passive protection net from different angles, comprehensively capturing information on debris accumulation, cable slack, and impact. Cameras, vibration sensors, displacement sensors, and ultrasonic sensors are deployed in key locations within the passive protection net to comprehensively monitor the amount of debris accumulation, cable slack, and impact. Compared to traditional passive protection nets, which rely solely on manual inspections to detect problems, this system significantly improves the comprehensiveness and real-time nature of monitoring, enabling timely detection of net anomalies and providing accurate information for subsequent maintenance and cleaning.

[0202] 2. Intelligent analysis using camera images and sensor data accurately assesses the working condition and damage level of the protective net and provides targeted maintenance strategies. This reduces the subjectivity and blindness of manual judgment, improves the efficiency and accuracy of maintenance work, reduces maintenance costs, and extends the service life of the protective net.

[0203] 3. Automatically initiates cleanup when the amount of debris accumulated within the net reaches a threshold, maintaining the net's transparency and effective interception capabilities. This improves the net's efficiency in responding to sudden debris flows or blockages, reduces the risk of secondary disasters, and maintains its protective capabilities even in extreme or unattended environments, reducing the workload and risks of manual cleanup.

[0204] Avoid problems in existing technologies: "1. The main function of traditional passive protective nets is to intercept falling gravel or mud and rock flows, but in actual use, the net is often hit by falling rocks or accumulated objects, resulting in excessive force on the net body, and it is also prone to accumulation and blockage. Once these problems occur, a large amount of manpower is usually required to clean or replace the protective net. This not only consumes a lot of manpower costs, but also causes the protective net to fail if it is not cleaned or replaced in time, reducing its service life and greatly increasing the risk of secondary disasters. 2. Risk of protection failure in extreme or unmanned environments: Under extreme environmental conditions, or in unmanned areas, once a problem occurs with a traditional passive protective net, it is difficult to detect and deal with it in time. This makes it difficult to maintain the protective capability of the protective net in these cases, and it is impossible to effectively guarantee the safety of the area."

[0205] 3. Full Lifecycle Management

[0206] 1. Intelligent prestressing during construction: Ensures accurate prestressing of the protective net during construction, meeting design requirements. This lays the foundation for the subsequent stable operation of the protective net, avoids failure of the protective net due to improper prestressing, and improves the construction quality and overall stability of the protective net.

[0207] 2. Dynamic load adjustment during operation: The prestressing force of the protective net is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring data to adapt to different operating conditions. This improves the safety and reliability of the protective net during operation, effectively responding to various complex geological and climatic conditions, further extending the service life of the protective net, and reducing operating costs. This prevents the protective net from failing due to excessive debris accumulation, enables intelligent and refined management of maintenance work, reduces the waste of maintenance resources, and improves the maintenance efficiency and sustainable protection capabilities of the protective net.

[0208] 3. Digital Platform Architecture

[0209] 1. Three-tier Architecture Design: Utilizing a three-tier architecture consisting of a physical protection layer, an edge computing layer, and a cloud platform, this system enables efficient data collection, preliminary processing, and in-depth analysis. A rational division of data processing layers ensures an orderly flow of data from collection, preliminary processing, to in-depth analysis, improving overall system efficiency. This reduces system complexity, facilitates maintenance and upgrades across all components, and improves data processing efficiency and reliability, ensuring the stable operation of the entire protection network system.

[0210] 2. Multi-source data integration and interaction: The digital platform integrates multi-source data from the intelligent active and multi-functional passive protection net systems for centralized management and analysis. It also interacts with equipment and systems at all stages to achieve full lifecycle management. The integration of multi-source data from the intelligent active and multi-functional passive protection net systems enables collaborative operation and full lifecycle management of equipment and systems at all stages. This provides managers with a unified management platform, enabling real-time monitoring of the overall operational status of the protection net system and enabling informed decision-making, thereby improving the intelligence and management efficiency of geological disaster prevention and control efforts.

[0211] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed processes is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process can be rearranged without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0212] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full life cycle slope protection method, characterized in that: include: During the slope operation period, the fiber optic Bragg grating sensor (14) of the active protection net system (1) obtains strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or strain information of the anchor buckle according to the deformation of the first net body (11), and converts the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal; The fiber grating sensor (14) transmits a first electrical signal or a first optical signal to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system (1); The edge computing node transmits the first electrical signal or the first optical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor (3); Calculating the slope stability of the slope based on the strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle corresponding to the first electrical signal or the first optical signal through a background diagnostic model in the cloud platform; Provide corresponding maintenance strategies based on slope stability; Wherein, the active protection net system (1) comprises a first net body (11), a first net cable (12) and a first anchor rod (13); the first anchor rod (13) is fixed on the slope at intervals, and a plurality of the first anchor rods (13) respectively form a transverse column and a longitudinal column intersecting the transverse column, the first net cable (12) is tensioned and connected between adjacent first anchor rods (13), and the first net cable (12) is attached to the rock and soil on the slope surface of the slope; there are a plurality of the first net bodies (11), each of the first net bodies (11) is covered on the rock and soil on the slope surface, and the edge of each first net body (11) is connected to the adjacent first net cable (12) through a soft rope (17), and the first net body (11) is in a tensioned state, and the contact section between the soft rope (17) and the first net cable (12) is fixed by an anchor buckle; The active protection net system (1) further comprises a plurality of fiber grating sensors (14), the fiber grating sensors (14) being arranged on the first net body (11) and being used for obtaining strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or strain information of the anchor buckle according to the deformation of the first net body (11), and converting the strain information into a first electrical signal or a first optical signal; the fiber grating sensors (14) are electrically connected to an edge computing node arranged near the active protection net system (1); The edge computing node is electrically connected to the cloud platform via a wireless sensor (3).

2. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: Acquiring strain information of the first anchor rod (13) through a micro strain sensor (15) provided on each of the first anchor rods (13); Acquiring strain information of the anchor buckle through a micro strain sensor (15) provided on the anchor buckle, and converting the strain information into a second electrical signal or a second optical signal; transmitting the second electrical signal or the second optical signal to the edge computing node via a micro strain sensor (15); The edge computing node transmits the second electrical signal or the second optical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor (3); Calculating the slope stability of the slope based on the strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle corresponding to the second electrical signal or the second optical signal through a background diagnostic model in the cloud platform; When one of the micro strain sensor (15) and the fiber optic grating sensor (14) cannot obtain strain information or the obtained strain information is inaccurate, the strain information obtained by the other sensor is used.

3. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: Real-time monitoring of rainfall using a rainfall sensor installed on an edge computing node belonging to the active protection network system (1) and transmitting the rainfall to the edge computing node, and the edge computing node transmitting the rainfall to a cloud platform via a wireless sensor (3); The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform calculates the slope stability of the slope based on the rainfall and the strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle, combined with historical disaster data, to determine whether the stability reaches a preset warning threshold; If the preset warning threshold is reached, an early warning message will be sent to the management personnel; Seismic wave parameters are sensed in real time by seismic sensors installed on edge computing nodes belonging to the active protection network system (1), and the seismic wave parameters are transmitted to the edge computing nodes, and the edge computing nodes transmit the seismic wave parameters to the cloud platform via wireless sensors (3); The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform calculates the slope stability of the slope based on the seismic wave parameters and the strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or the strain information of the anchor buckle, combined with historical disaster data, and combined with rainfall when there is rainfall, to determine whether the stability reaches a preset warning threshold; If the preset warning threshold is reached, a warning message will be sent to the management personnel.

4. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: Sending a control instruction to a designated hydraulic actuator according to a maintenance strategy through the intelligent perception and mechanical control module (16) of the active protection net system (1), designating the hydraulic actuator to adjust the prestress of the first anchor rod (13) according to the control instruction; The active protection net system (1) further comprises a hydraulic actuator installed at intervals between the first anchor rod (13) and the first net body (11), wherein the hydraulic actuator comprises a hydraulic cylinder, one end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the head of the first anchor rod (13), and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the first net body (11).

5. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: detecting the vibration of the second mesh body (21) when it is impacted by a vibration sensor (28), and converting the vibration into a third electrical signal; transmitting the third electrical signal to an edge computing node located near the active protection net system (1) via the vibration sensor (28); The edge computing node transmits the third electrical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor (3); The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform determines the size of the falling object based on the vibration corresponding to the third electrical signal and provides a corresponding maintenance strategy; The passive protection net system (2) is vertically arranged at the bottom end of the active protection net system (1), and the passive protection net system (2) comprises: a second net body (21), a vertical rod (22), a second anchor rod (23) and a second net rope (24); the vertical rods (22) are fixed on the ground at intervals; the second net body (21) is tensioned and connected to two adjacent vertical rods (22); the second anchor rods (23) are fixed on the bottom surface near the vertical rods (22); and each vertical rod (22) is fixedly connected to the corresponding second anchor rod (23) by at least two second net ropes (24); The passive protection net system (2) further includes a vibration sensor (28) installed at the connection between the second net body (21) and the vertical rod (221), the vibration sensor being used to detect vibration when the second net body (21) is impacted and converting the vibration into a third electrical signal; the vibration sensor is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

6. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Also includes: Monitoring the displacement change of the second net body (21) by a displacement sensor (25) to obtain the slack of the second net rope (24), and converting the slack into a fourth electrical signal; Transmitting the fourth electrical signal to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system (1) via the displacement sensor (25); The edge computing node transmits the fourth electrical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor (3); A backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform provides a corresponding maintenance strategy for the second anchor rod (23) based on the relaxation amount corresponding to the fourth electrical signal; The passive protection net system (2) further comprises a displacement sensor (25) installed on each second net body (21), wherein the displacement sensor (25) is used to monitor the displacement change of the second net body (21) to obtain the slack of the second net cable (24) and convert the slack into a fourth electrical signal; the displacement sensor (25) is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

7. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: An ultrasonic sensor (26) installed at the bottom of the passive protection net system (2) transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to measure the height of the gravel accumulation in the passive protection net system (2) to calculate the amount of gravel accumulation, and converts the amount of gravel accumulation into a fifth electrical signal; Transmitting the fifth electrical signal to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system (1) through the ultrasonic sensor (26); The edge computing node transmits the fifth electrical signal to the cloud platform via the wireless sensor (3); The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform determines the amount of gravel accumulation corresponding to the fifth electrical signal and provides a corresponding gravel treatment strategy.

8. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: The camera (27) installed at the top of the vertical rod (22) captures the image of the rubble accumulation in the passive protection net system (2) in real time, and converts the rubble accumulation image into a sixth electrical signal. The sixth electrical signal is transmitted to an edge computing node located near the active protection network system (1) via the camera (27); the edge computing node transmits the sixth electrical signal to a cloud platform via a wireless sensor (3); The backend diagnostic model in the cloud platform provides a corresponding gravel treatment strategy based on the image corresponding to the sixth electrical signal and the amount of gravel accumulation corresponding to the fifth electrical signal. The camera (27) is electrically connected to the edge computing node.

9. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: During the slope maintenance period, when the amount of gravel accumulated in the passive protection net system (2) reaches a certain level, the slope maintenance period begins, and according to the instructions of the control system, the pneumatic scraper device moves along the inner surface of the passive protection net system (2) to scrape the gravel to a designated position; The passive protection net system (2) further comprises a pneumatic scraper device arranged in the passive protection net system (2), the pneumatic scraper device comprising a pneumatic scraper, a guide rail and a pneumatic drive device, the pneumatic scraper matches the curved surface on the second net body (21), the pneumatic scraper is movable on the guide rail, the guide rail is installed on the edge or surface of the second net body (21), and the pneumatic drive device is used to drive the pneumatic scraper to move on the guide rail.

10. The full life cycle slope protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes During the slope maintenance period, the full-life cycle slope protection method is used to continuously monitor: strain information of the first anchor rod (13) and / or strain information of the anchor buckle, rainfall, seismic wave parameters, vibration of the second net body (21) when it is impacted, slack of the second net cable (24), amount of gravel accumulation in the net, and gravel accumulation image; Through the backend diagnostic model within the cloud platform, combined with historical pile data and the geological conditions and climate information of the slope, the amount of gravel accumulation in the future is predicted; when it is predicted that the accumulation volume is about to reach the cleaning threshold, an early warning message is issued.

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