Top coal caving hydraulic support rear coal caving conveying mechanism capable of improving top coal flow speed

Abstract

The invention discloses a top coal caving hydraulic support rear coal caving conveying mechanism capable of increasing the top coal flow speed, and relates to the technical field of top coal conveying, the top coal caving hydraulic support rear coal caving conveying mechanism comprises a coal caving arm and a tail plate which are hinged to each other, the coal caving guide surfaces of the coal caving arm and the tail plate are arc-shaped surfaces with the same curvature, and a continuous and smooth coal flow channel is formed when the tail plate is driven to rotate; the friction roller is passively and rotatably arranged in the center of the top of the coal caving arm, and a roller body partially protrudes out of the coal caving guide surface to capture top coal kinetic energy and convert the top coal kinetic energy into rotating power. By arranging the differential gear set, the friction roller and the coal pushing roller, the curvature defect of the arc-shaped coal caving guide face is made up and converted into the speed regulation and control advantage, the arc-shaped coal caving guide face is combined with a speed regulation and control system, compared with a traditional linear guide face, the guide face is smoother, the coal fluidity and the recovery efficiency are effectively improved, and meanwhile the coal caving efficiency is improved. The blocking phenomenon in the coal flowing process can be effectively reduced, the coal flow is smoother, and the stability of a coal caving system is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of top coal conveying, in particular to a rear coal caving conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for improving the flow rate of top coal. Background Art

[0002] The hydraulic support for top coal discharge generally transports and discharges coal through the rear coal discharge mechanism. In the existing technology, the coal discharge and transportation channel of the rear coal discharge mechanism is a segmented straight channel. When the two sections of the coal discharge plates are in an inclined straight state, the top coal is blocked to prevent the coal from flowing. When discharging coal, the tail coal discharge plate is driven to rotate so that the two sections of the coal discharge plates are in an angled state, and the lower end contacts the side of the conveyor close to the support, thereby transporting the top coal to the conveyor belt of the conveyor. However, when transporting the top coal, the straight channel only uses the gravity component and relies on the gravity of the top coal to roll freely. The free diffusion of the top coal causes part of the top coal to be unable to fall onto the conveyor belt of the conveyor, especially at the apex of the angle. Due to the uneven transition, the coal flow gathers, the friction resistance increases sharply, and blockage and jamming are prone to occur, which greatly reduces the flow rate of the top coal and has low recovery efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a coal caving and conveying mechanism at the rear of a top coal caving hydraulic support capable of increasing the flow rate of top coal.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A rear coal caving and conveying mechanism for a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate comprises:

[0006] The coal discharge arm and tail plate are hinged to each other, and the coal discharge guide surfaces of both are arc-shaped surfaces with the same curvature, which form a continuous and smooth coal flow channel when the tail plate is driven to rotate;

[0007] The friction roller is passively rotated and located at the top center of the coal discharge arm. The roller body partially protrudes from the coal discharge guide surface to capture the kinetic energy of the top coal and convert it into rotational power.

[0008] The coal pushing unit is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the friction roller, and includes:

[0009] A plurality of coal pushing rollers are distributed in a gradient along the extension direction of the coal flow channel, and the roller bodies thereof partially protrude from the coal placing guide surface;

[0010] The second gear is engaged between the rotating shafts of adjacent coal pushing rollers to form a rigid speed coupling between the coal pushing rollers of the same unit;

[0011] Wherein, a differential gear set is provided between the friction roller and the highest coal pushing roller in each coal pushing unit, and the differential gear set is configured as follows:

[0012] The input speed of the friction roller is amplified and output to the coal pushing rollers on both sides according to the preset speed ratio;

[0013] During the coal caving process, when the top coal drives the friction roller to rotate passively, the linear velocity of the coal pushing rollers on both sides is forced to always be higher than the linear velocity of the friction roller, so that the coal flow on both sides of the friction roller obtains directional kinetic energy injection, forming a non-uniform velocity field with slow flow in the center and turbulent flow on both sides, so as to eliminate the lag of the central coal flow.

[0014] Preferably, the differential gear set includes a sixth gear fixed coaxially with the friction roller, a third gear fixed to the rotating shaft of the coal pushing roller, and a fifth gear and a fourth gear coaxially arranged with the sixth gear and the third gear respectively. The number of teeth of the fifth gear and the fourth gear are configured so that the output speed is 1.2-1.5 times the input speed.

[0015] Preferably, the gradient distribution of the coal pushing rollers satisfies the following conditions: the axial center distance between adjacent coal pushing rollers decreases along the coal flow direction, and the decreasing ratio is positively correlated with the curvature change rate of the arcuate surface.

[0016] Preferably, friction protrusions are evenly distributed on the surface of the friction roller to improve kinetic energy capture efficiency.

[0017] Preferably, the hinge axis of the coal placing arm and the tail plate is located on the extension line of the curvature center of the arc surface, so that the two form a step-free continuous curved surface when they are rotated and unfolded.

[0018] Preferably, a coal-breaking roller is rotatably provided at the lower end of the coal-discharging arm, and the coal-breaking roller is located in the hinged gap between the coal-discharging arm and the tail plate.

[0019] Preferably, a belt is provided for transmission between the roller shaft of the coal-breaking roller and the rotating shaft of the lowest coal-pushing roller of the coal-pushing unit.

[0020] Preferably, the installation groove for installing the coal pushing unit provided on the coal placing arm is an arc-shaped groove, and is communicated with the hinge gap between the coal placing arm and the tail plate.

[0021] Preferably, the notch of the groove for mounting the friction roller provided on the coal placing arm fits with the surface of the friction roller to form a closed space.

[0022] Preferably, coal breaking teeth are equidistantly arranged on the lower end surface of the tail plate.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention provides a differential gear set, a friction roller and a coal pushing roller. The differential gear set amplifies the input rotation speed of the friction roller according to a preset speed ratio and outputs it to the coal pushing rollers on both sides. During the coal discharge process, when the top coal drives the friction roller to rotate passively, the differential gear set forces the linear speed of the coal pushing rollers on both sides to always be higher than the linear speed of the friction roller, so that the coal flow on both sides of the friction roller obtains directional kinetic energy injection, forming a non-uniform velocity field with slow flow in the center and turbulent flow on both sides, so as to eliminate the lag of the central coal flow. Through the mechanical self-feedback differential system, the curvature defect of the arc-shaped coal discharge guide surface is compensated and converted into a speed control advantage. The system solves the problem that the center of the arc-shaped coal discharge guide surface is prone to blockage due to coal block accumulation, and converts this defect into coal flow speed control without external energy consumption. By combining the arc-shaped coal discharge guide surface with the speed control system, the guide surface is smoother than the traditional straight line guide surface, effectively improving the coal flow and recovery efficiency. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of blockage during coal flow, make the coal flow smoother, and effectively improve the stability of the coal discharge system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The disclosure of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same components. Among them:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a front plan view of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a bottom-up perspective view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-section structure of the coal pushing roller of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-section structure of the second gear of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the side sectional structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the differential gear set of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the tailgate position change structure of the present invention.

[0035] Explanations in the figure: 1. Coal discharge arm; 2. Tail plate; 3. Friction roller; 4. Coal pusher roller; 5. Coal discharge hydraulic rod; 6. Coal breaking roller; 7. First gear; 8. Second gear; 9. Belt; 10. Third gear; 11. Fourth gear; 12. Fifth gear; 13. Sixth gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] It is easy to understand that according to the technical solution of the present invention, without changing the essential spirit of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can propose a variety of interchangeable structural modes and implementation modes. Therefore, the following specific embodiments and drawings are only exemplary descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention and should not be regarded as the entire invention or as a limitation or restriction of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1-9 As shown, a rear coal-caulking conveying mechanism of a top-coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top-coal flow rate comprises:

[0038] The coal discharge arm 1 and tail plate 2 are hinged to each other, and the coal discharge guide surfaces of both are arc-shaped surfaces with the same curvature, which form a continuous and smooth coal flow channel when the tail plate 2 is driven to rotate;

[0039] The friction roller 3 is passively rotated and arranged at the top center of the coal discharge arm 1. The roller body thereof partially protrudes from the coal discharge guide surface to capture the kinetic energy of the top coal and convert it into rotational power;

[0040] The coal pushing units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the friction roller 3, and include:

[0041] A plurality of coal pushing rollers 4 are distributed in a gradient along the extension direction of the coal flow channel, and the roller bodies thereof partially protrude from the coal placing guide surface;

[0042] The second gear 8 is engaged between the rotating shafts of adjacent coal pushing rollers 4 to form a rigid speed coupling between the coal pushing rollers 4 in the same unit;

[0043] Among them, a differential gear set is provided between the friction roller 3 and the highest coal pushing roller 4 in each coal pushing unit. The differential gear set is configured as follows:

[0044] The input speed of the friction roller 3 is amplified and output to the coal pushing rollers 4 on both sides according to the preset speed ratio;

[0045] During the coal placing process, when the top coal drives the friction roller 3 to rotate passively, the linear velocity of the coal pushing rollers 4 on both sides is forced to always be higher than the linear velocity of the friction roller 3, so that the coal flow on both sides of the friction roller 3 obtains directional kinetic energy injection, forming a non-uniform velocity field with slow flow in the center and turbulent flow on both sides, so as to eliminate the lag of the central coal flow.

[0046] Specifically, the hydraulic support for top coal discharge generally transports and discharges coal through the rear coal discharge mechanism. In the prior art, the coal discharge and transportation channel of the rear coal discharge mechanism is a segmented straight channel. When the two sections of the coal discharge plates are in an inclined straight state, the top coal is blocked to prevent the coal from flowing. When discharging coal, the tail coal discharge plate is driven to rotate so that the two sections of the coal discharge plates are in an angled state, and the lower end contacts the side of the conveyor close to the support, thereby transporting the top coal to the conveyor belt of the conveyor. However, when transporting the top coal, the straight channel only uses the gravity component and relies on the gravity of the top coal to roll freely. The free diffusion of the top coal causes part of the top coal to be unable to fall onto the conveyor belt of the conveyor, especially at the apex of the angle. Due to the uneven transition, the coal flow gathers, the friction resistance increases sharply, and blockage and jamming are prone to occur, which greatly reduces the flow rate of the top coal and has low recovery efficiency. By setting the coal placing arm 1 and tail plate 2, the coal placing guide surfaces of the two are set as the same curvature arc surface. When the coal is placed, the tail plate 2 is driven to rotate around the coal placing arm 1 by driving the coal placing hydraulic rod 5 hinged at the output end and the bottom of the tail plate 2, so that the tail plate 2 can be rotated from the bottom of the tail plate 2 to the bottom of the tail plate 2. Figure 3 Rotate the position shown to Figure 9 The position shown in the figure forms a continuous and smooth arc-shaped coal flow channel, which effectively reduces the probability of blockage. Through the setting of the arc-shaped coal flow channel, firstly, the centrifugal effect reduces the normal pressure, thereby reducing friction loss and maximizing the utilization of the gravitational potential energy of the top coal. Secondly, by optimizing the straight trajectory into an arc-shaped trajectory, the flow path is effectively shortened and the recovery efficiency is improved. Finally, the curved surface design can maintain the laminar flow state of the coal flow, avoid turbulent energy consumption, and constrain the streamlines by curvature to avoid the free diffusion of the top coal, which causes part of the top coal to be unable to fall in, and the top coal flow rate is increased by the wall-attached acceleration effect.

[0047] Furthermore, when coal is discharged, the top coal moves toward the conveyor belt of the conveyor along the coal flow channel formed by the coal discharge arm 1 and the tail plate 2. During the movement, the coal blocks radially converge under the centrifugal action of the arc-shaped coal flow channel and converge toward the center of the arc-shaped coal flow channel. The frequency of coal block extrusion and collision increases, and the friction force increases, but blockage and jamming are still prone to occur. Through the provided friction roller 3, when coal is discharged, the coal blocks flow along the arc-shaped coal discharge guide surface of the coal discharge arm 1. During the process, since the friction roller 3 partially protrudes from the coal discharge guide surface, the coal blocks contact and rub against the friction roller 3 during the flow, and the friction roller 3 is driven to rotate passively by the friction force, thereby capturing the kinetic energy of the coal blocks and converting it into the rotational kinetic energy of the friction roller 3. No additional power source is required to drive the friction roller 3 to rotate, which simplifies the structure and reduces the manufacturing cost.

[0048] Furthermore, the friction roller 3 rotates passively, thereby driving the highest coal pushing roller 4 in each coal pushing unit to rotate through the differential gear set, so that the coal blocks on both sides of the friction roller 3 are pushed to flow through the coal pushing plates evenly distributed circumferentially on the surface of the coal pushing roller 4, thereby achieving continuous flow of coal blocks on both sides through the thrust of the coal pushing plates, effectively reducing the probability of coal blockage.

[0049] Furthermore, since the coal pushing rollers 4 of the same unit are gradiently distributed along the extension direction of the coal flow channel, and a second gear 8 is provided between the rotating shafts of adjacent coal pushing rollers 4, the coal pushing rollers 4 of the same unit rotate synchronously in the direction of the coal flow, so that the coal blocks transmit kinetic energy step by step along the coal flow channel, effectively avoiding local speed mutations that cause shear blockage of the coal flow, and further reducing the probability of coal block blockage.

[0050] Furthermore, during the coal discharge process, when the top coal drives the friction roller 3 to rotate passively, the differential gear set forces the linear velocity of the coal pushing rollers 4 on both sides to always be higher than the linear velocity of the friction roller 3, so that the coal flows on both sides of the friction roller 3 obtain directional kinetic energy injection, forming a non-uniform velocity field with slow flow in the center and turbulent flow on both sides, so as to eliminate the lag of the central coal flow, and compensate for the friction loss of the coal flows on both sides through the coal pushing roller 4. The turbulent flows on both sides produce a kinetic energy penetration effect, and transfer energy to the boundary of the central stagnant area. At the same time, the high-speed coal flows on both sides suck in the coal blocks in the central area, thereby reducing the density of the coal flow in the central area, increasing the porosity between the coal blocks in the central area, thereby reducing the friction between the coal blocks in the central area, and increasing the flow velocity of the central coal flow, further reducing the probability of blockage, and improving the flow velocity and recovery efficiency of the coal.

[0051] Furthermore, a mechanical self-feedback differential system is used to compensate for the curvature defect of the curved coal-discharging guide surface and convert it into a speed control advantage. This system solves the problem of easy blockage caused by coal block accumulation in the center of the curved coal-discharging guide surface, and converts this defect into coal flow speed control without external energy consumption. By combining the curved coal-discharging guide surface with the speed control system, the guide surface is smoother than the traditional straight line guide surface, effectively improving the coal flow and recovery efficiency. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of blockage during coal flow, making the coal flow smoother and effectively improving the stability of the coal-discharging system.

[0052] The differential gear set includes a sixth gear 13 fixed coaxially with the friction roller 3, a third gear 10 fixed to the rotating shaft of the coal pushing roller 4, and a fifth gear 12 and a fourth gear 11 coaxially arranged and respectively connected to the sixth gear 13 and the third gear 10. The number of teeth of the fifth gear 12 and the fourth gear 11 are configured so that the output speed is 1.2-1.5 times the input speed.

[0053] Specifically, during the coal discharge process, the friction roller 3 rotates passively, thereby driving the rotating shaft of the friction roller 3 to rotate synchronously and driving the sixth gear 13 fixed on the rotating shaft of the friction roller 3 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the fifth gear 12 meshing with the sixth gear 13 to rotate. The rotation of the fifth gear 12 drives the fourth gear 11 fixedly connected to the fifth gear 12 via the connecting shaft to rotate, thereby driving the third gear 10 meshing with the fourth gear 11 and fixed on the rotating shaft of the coal pushing roller 4 to rotate, thereby driving the coal pushing roller 4 to rotate synchronously through the rotating shaft of the coal pushing roller 4, thereby providing thrust to the coal flow on both sides of the friction roller 3.

[0054] Furthermore, the third gear 10 and the sixth gear 13 have the same diameter and number of teeth, the diameter of the fourth gear 11 is smaller than the fifth gear 12, and the number of teeth of the fifth gear 12 and the fourth gear 11 are configured so that the output speed is 1.2-1.5 times the input speed, so that the speed of the coal pushing roller 4 is 1.2-1.5 times the speed of the friction roller 3, thereby forming a non-uniform velocity field with slow flow in the center and turbulent flow on both sides, thereby avoiding insufficient acceleration resulting in the inability to form a non-uniform velocity field, or excessive speed causing coal flow to splash.

[0055] The gradient distribution of the coal pushing rollers 4 satisfies the following requirement: the axial center distances of adjacent coal pushing rollers 4 decrease along the coal flow direction, and the decreasing ratio is positively correlated with the curvature change rate of the arc surface.

[0056] Specifically, the axial center distance of the coal pushing rollers 4 decreases exponentially along the direction of the coal flow, which doubles the roller density in the high curvature area, thereby increasing the kinetic energy injection frequency and compensating for the centrifugal friction loss of the coal flow, thereby greatly eliminating coal stagnation at the outlet and greatly reducing the blockage rate. The local kinetic energy in the high curvature area is maintained by the gradient roller distribution, and the differential system increases the absolute speed of the edge coal flow, thereby achieving micro-anti-stagnation and macro-flow velocity balance, realizing energy-space dual regulation, and further improving the stability of the coal placing system.

[0057] The surface of the friction roller 3 is evenly distributed with friction protrusions to improve the kinetic energy capture efficiency.

[0058] Specifically, by evenly distributing protrusions on the surface of the friction roller 3, the contact area between the coal block and the friction roller 3 is increased. Through the microscopic engagement of the coal block and the protrusions, the stress is concentrated at the protrusions, the capture force is doubled, and the kinetic energy input density of the friction roller 3 is increased, so that the differential system obtains stable high torque input and strengthens the formation of the non-uniform velocity field.

[0059] The hinge axis of the coal discharge arm 1 and the tail plate 2 is located on the extension line of the curvature center of the arc surface, so that the two can form a step-free continuous curved surface when they are rotated and unfolded.

[0060] Specifically, by locating the hinge axis of the coal arm 1 and the tail plate 2 on the extension line of the curvature center of the arc surface, the curvatures of the two arc surfaces at the hinge point are equal and the curvature derivatives are continuous, thereby eliminating the step, improving the continuity of the coal flow direction, and thus improving the stability of the upstream front flow field of the hinge area, and maintaining the gradient of the hinge area, avoiding the deflection of the velocity vector, so that the downstream curved surface of the hinge area continuously transmits turbulent energy, maintains the differential smoothness, further improves the stability of the differential system, and effectively improves the coal discharge efficiency.

[0061] A coal-breaking roller 6 is rotatably provided at the lower end of the coal-discharging arm 1 , and the coal-breaking roller 6 is located in the hinged gap between the coal-discharging arm 1 and the tail plate 2 .

[0062] Specifically, the coal-breaking roller 6 rotates, thereby driving the crushing teeth on the coal-breaking roller 6 to rotate. When the coal block enters the gap, it contacts the crushing teeth on the coal-breaking roller 6. The coal-breaking roller 6 rotates to crush the coal block entering the hinged gap, and transforms the hinged gap from a high-incidence area of ​​clogging into a coal flow acceleration channel, thereby further ensuring the continuity of the coal flow, further eliminating the blockage point, and improving the stability of the coal flow system.

[0063] A belt 9 is provided between the roller shaft of the coal-breaking roller 6 and the rotating shaft of the lowest coal-pushing roller 4 of the coal-pushing unit.

[0064] Specifically, the belt 9 arranged between the roller shaft of the coal-breaking roller 6 and the rotating shaft of the lowest coal-pushing roller 4 of the coal-pushing unit can drive the coal-breaking roller 6 to rotate synchronously, without the need for an additional driving source to drive the coal-breaking roller 6 to rotate, further simplifying the structure and reducing the production cost.

[0065] The installation groove for installing the coal pushing unit provided on the coal placing arm 1 is an arc-shaped groove, and is communicated with the hinge gap between the coal placing arm 1 and the tail plate 2 .

[0066] Specifically, during the rotation of the coal pushing roller 4, coal debris is easily brought into the installation groove. Since the installation groove is an arc-shaped groove, when the coal enters the installation groove, it flows along the installation groove to the hinge gap and falls onto the conveyor belt of the conveyor together with the broken coal, thereby preventing coal from accumulating in the installation groove and causing the coal pushing roller 4 to get stuck and wear, thereby further improving the stability of the differential system.

[0067] The notch of the groove for mounting the friction roller 3 provided on the coal placing arm 1 is fitted with the surface of the friction roller 3 to form a closed space.

[0068] Specifically, by making the notch of the groove for installing the friction roller 3 fit with the surface of the friction roller 3 to form a closed space, coal debris is prevented from entering the closed space and accumulating, causing the friction roller 3 to be stuck and affecting the operation of the differential system, thereby further improving the stability of the differential system.

[0069] Coal breaking teeth are equidistantly arranged on the lower end surface of the tail plate 2.

[0070] Specifically, the coal breaking teeth equidistantly arranged on the lower end surface of the tail plate 2 can break the coal blocks.

[0071] The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the above description. Those skilled in the art can make various deformations and modifications to the above embodiments without departing from the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and these deformations and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal conveying mechanism at the rear of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate, characterized in that: include: The coal discharge arm and tail plate are hinged to each other, and the coal discharge guide surfaces of both are arc-shaped surfaces with the same curvature, which form a continuous and smooth coal flow channel when the tail plate is driven to rotate; The friction roller is passively rotated and located at the top center of the coal discharge arm. The roller body partially protrudes from the coal discharge guide surface to capture the kinetic energy of the top coal and convert it into rotational power. The coal pushing unit is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the friction roller, and includes: A plurality of coal pushing rollers are distributed in a gradient along the extension direction of the coal flow channel, and the roller bodies thereof partially protrude from the coal placing guide surface; The second gear is engaged between the rotating shafts of adjacent coal pushing rollers to form a rigid speed coupling between the coal pushing rollers of the same unit; Wherein, a differential gear set is provided between the friction roller and the highest coal pushing roller in each coal pushing unit, and the differential gear set is configured as follows: The input speed of the friction roller is amplified and output to the coal pushing rollers on both sides according to the preset speed ratio; During the coal caving process, when the top coal drives the friction roller to rotate passively, the linear velocity of the coal pushing rollers on both sides is forced to always be higher than the linear velocity of the friction roller, so that the coal flow on both sides of the friction roller obtains directional kinetic energy injection, forming a non-uniform velocity field with slow flow in the center and turbulent flow on both sides, so as to eliminate the lag of the central coal flow.

2. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential gear set includes a sixth gear fixed coaxially with the friction roller, a third gear fixed to the rotating shaft of the coal pushing roller, and a fifth gear and a fourth gear coaxially arranged and respectively connected to the sixth gear and the third gear. The number of teeth of the fifth gear and the fourth gear are configured so that the output speed is 1.2-1.5 times the input speed.

3. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gradient distribution of the coal pushing rollers satisfies the following requirement: the axial center distances of adjacent coal pushing rollers decrease along the coal flow direction, and the decreasing ratio is positively correlated with the curvature change rate of the arc surface.

4. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The friction roller surface is evenly distributed with friction protrusions to improve the kinetic energy capture efficiency.

5. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hinge axis of the coal placing arm and the tail plate is located on the extension line of the curvature center of the arc surface, so that the two can form a step-free continuous curved surface when they are rotated and unfolded.

6. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 5, characterized in that: A coal-breaking roller is rotatably provided at the lower end of the coal-discharging arm, and the coal-breaking roller is located in the hinge gap between the coal-discharging arm and the tail plate.

7. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 6, characterized in that: A belt is provided between the roller shaft of the coal-breaking roller and the rotating shaft of the lowest coal-pushing roller of the coal-pushing unit.

8. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 7, characterized in that: The installation groove for installing the coal pushing unit provided on the coal placing arm is an arc-shaped groove and is communicated with the hinge gap between the coal placing arm and the tail plate.

9. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The notch of the groove for mounting the friction roller, which is provided on the coal placing arm, fits the surface of the friction roller to form a closed space.

10. The rear coal caving and conveying mechanism of a top coal caving hydraulic support for increasing the top coal flow rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: Coal breaking teeth are equidistantly arranged on the lower end surface of the tail plate.

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