Integrated fixed blade type variable nozzle turbocharger

Abstract

An integrated fixed blade type variable nozzle turbocharger relates to the technical field of superchargers and comprises a turbine shell, an installation disc is fixedly arranged in the turbine shell, a plurality of fixed blades abutting against the plane of the end of the turbine shell are arranged on the end face of the installation disc in a surrounding mode, and a gas flowing channel is formed through the area between every two adjacent fixed blades. A plurality of variable blades which are arranged in a swinging mode and used for adjusting the size of the gas flowing channel are further arranged on the end face of the installation disc in a surrounding mode, and a driving disc for driving the variable blades to swing synchronously is rotationally arranged on the other end face of the installation disc. The problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that the diameter of a supporting sleeve or a spacer sleeve is large, when the turbocharger is low in speed and small in flow, vacuum exists on the back of the supporting sleeve or the spacer sleeve, and gas flow separation is caused are solved; the problem that an existing variable nozzle assembly relates to a large number of parts, the connecting position of a supporting sleeve is prone to being seriously deformed and even fractured under long-time high-low-temperature cold and hot impact, and the variable nozzle is clamped or stuck is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of superchargers, and in particular to an integrated fixed-vane variable nozzle turbocharger. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, as the country increases its efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction, the internal combustion engine industry's performance requirements for superchargers are constantly increasing. How to maximize the use of energy, reduce energy waste, and improve the performance and reliability of superchargers has become a difficulty in the current development of supercharger technology.

[0003] The variable nozzle turbocharger, which is currently more widely used, controls the angle and flow area of ​​the engine exhaust gas entering the turbine by changing the opening of the variable nozzle blades, and adjusts the turbocharger speed to meet the boost pressure and intake volume required for engine combustion as much as possible.

[0004] With the widespread adoption of this technology, existing variable nozzle turbochargers often use a support sleeve or distance sleeve to determine the distance between the variable vane mounting plate and the support plate. During variable nozzle assembly, the support plate mates with the turbocharger's turbine housing, and the distance between the variable vane mounting plate and the support plate is adjusted to ensure clearance for blade rotation. During assembly of the variable nozzle assembly, the cylindrical support sleeve or distance sleeve is typically first installed onto the mounting plate. The other end of the support sleeve or distance sleeve is then riveted or threaded to the support plate.

[0005] As the existing devices are used, the shortcomings of the existing technology are gradually exposed, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, because the diameter of the support sleeve or distance sleeve of this structure is relatively large, when the turbocharger is at low speed and low flow, a vacuum exists on the back of the support sleeve or distance sleeve, causing gas flow separation, affecting the low-speed efficiency of the turbine; and under this condition, the gas leakage caused by the variable blade rotation gap accounts for a very high proportion of the total low-speed gas flow, which has a significant impact on the low-speed efficiency of the turbine.

[0006] Second, the existing structure requires special tooling such as spacing and riveting during installation, which increases the number of assembly steps and increases the cost. At the same time, since this type of variable nozzle assembly involves a large number of parts, the riveted or bolted connection structure is prone to severe deformation or even breakage of the support sleeve connection position under long-term high and low temperature hot and cold shocks, causing the variable nozzle to become stuck or even stuck, which in turn causes the turbocharger to lose the ability to adjust the boost pressure and intake volume, seriously affecting the reliable operation of the turbocharger.

[0007] In summary, the existing technology has obvious inconveniences and defects in actual use, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the defects in the existing technology, the present invention provides an integrated fixed-vane variable nozzle turbocharger to solve the problems in traditional technology where the diameter of the support sleeve or the distance sleeve is too large, and when the turbocharger is at low speed and low flow, there is a vacuum on the back of the support sleeve or the distance sleeve, resulting in gas flow separation; and the existing variable nozzle assembly involves a large number of parts, which can easily cause the support sleeve connection position to be severely deformed or even broken under long-term high and low temperature and hot and cold shocks, causing the variable nozzle to become stuck or stuck.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger comprises a turbine housing, a mounting plate fixedly disposed within the turbine housing, a plurality of fixed vanes abutting against the end plane of the turbine housing, and a gas flow channel formed by the area between adjacent fixed vanes. The end surface of the mounting plate is also surrounded by a plurality of variable blades that are swingably arranged and used to adjust the size of the gas flow channel. The other end surface of the mounting plate is rotatably provided with a driving plate that drives the plurality of variable blades to swing synchronously.

[0010] As an optimized solution, the fixed blades are arranged in a streamlined shape, and the extending direction of the fixed blades is inclined to the radial direction of the mounting plate.

[0011] As an optimized solution, the variable blade is fixed with a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the mounting plate, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the mounting plate and is fixed with a shift fork, the drive plate is provided with a drive hole corresponding to each shift fork, and the shift fork is vertically fixed with a drive block constrained in the drive hole.

[0012] As an optimized solution, a circular groove is provided on the end surface of the mounting plate, and the inner ring of the driving plate is rotatably mounted in the circular groove.

[0013] As an optimized solution, a limit pin is fixedly connected to the end surface of the mounting plate, and a limit slot is provided in the inner hole of the driving plate, and the limit pin is constrained in the limit slot.

[0014] As an optimized solution, when the variable blade is at a small opening, the trailing edge of the variable blade and the adjacent fixed blade are in the same straight line direction.

[0015] As an optimized solution, a plurality of gradually expanding extension sections are provided on the end surface of the mounting plate.

[0016] As an optimized solution, a driving pin is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the driving disc.

[0017] As an optimized solution, the mounting plate is provided with two positioning holes arranged in parallel, and the positioning holes match the positioning pins on the intermediate body.

[0018] As an optimized solution, an elastic heat insulating cover is provided between the intermediate body and the end surface of the mounting plate.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The exhaust gas is guided by the fixed blades and the axial clearance of the turbocharger blades is reduced at low speed and low flow, which significantly improves the efficiency of the turbocharger turbine. At the same time, by integrating the fixed blades, variable blades and drive disc control structure, the supporting sleeve or distance sleeve, supporting disc, guide and other components are eliminated, the number of parts and assembly processes are reduced, and the reliability of the motion mechanism is improved while reducing costs; The variable nozzle assembly of this patent controls the axial clearance of the blades only by integrating the fixed blades with the mounting plate. This reduces the number of parts in the variable nozzle assembly (at least eliminating the support sleeve or distance sleeve and support plate) and reduces the installation process of the variable nozzle assembly (riveting or bolting, etc.), thus avoiding the impact of the installation process on the axial clearance of the variable blades, and can effectively ensure the consistency of the clearance and the performance of the turbocharger. This patent reduces the number of moving mechanism components and installation steps (riveting or bolting, etc.), which can prevent similar components from thermal deformation under harsh working conditions such as high and low temperatures and thermal shock, causing the moving mechanism to crack or stick, effectively ensuring the reliable operation of the turbocharger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the variable nozzle ring assembly of the present invention in an exploded state; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting disc side when the variable blade has a small opening; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the drive disc side when the variable blade of the present invention is at a small opening; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting disc side when the variable blade of the present invention has a large opening; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive disc side when the variable blade of the present invention is at a large opening.

[0022] In the figure: 1- compressor; 2- intermediate body; 3- actuator; 4- turbine; 41- turbine; 42- turbine housing; 421- turbine housing end plane; 422- turbine housing gradually expanding extension area; 5- variable nozzle ring assembly; 51- mounting plate; 511- fixed blade; 512- mounting plate plane area; 513- mounting plate gradually expanding extension area; 514- circular groove; 515- gradually expanding extension section; 516- positioning hole; 517- mounting plate end face; 52- driving plate; 521- driving hole; 522- driving pin; 523- limiting groove; 53- limiting pin; 54- variable blade; 541- rotating shaft; 542- variable blade trailing edge; 543- variable blade leading edge; 55- shift fork; 551- driving block; 6- bearing; 7- positioning pin; 8- elastic heat shield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger includes a turbine housing 42 and a variable nozzle ring assembly 5. The variable nozzle ring assembly 5 includes a mounting plate 51 fixed in the turbine housing 42. The end surface of the mounting plate 51 is surrounded by a plurality of fixed vanes 511 that abut against the end plane 421 of the turbine housing, and a gas flow channel is formed through the area between adjacent fixed vanes 511. The end surface of the mounting plate 51 is also surrounded by a plurality of variable blades 54 that are swingably arranged to adjust the size of the gas flow channel. The other end surface of the mounting plate 51 is rotatably provided with a driving plate 52 that drives the plurality of variable blades 54 to swing synchronously.

[0025] The fixed blades 511 are arranged in a streamlined shape, and the extending direction of the fixed blades 511 is inclined to the radial direction of the mounting plate 51 .

[0026] The variable blade 54 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 541 which is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 51. One end of the rotating shaft 541 passes through the mounting plate 51 and is fixedly connected to a shift fork 55. The drive plate 52 has a drive hole 521 corresponding to each shift fork 55. A drive block 551 is vertically fixed to the shift fork 55 and constrained in the drive hole 521.

[0027] A circular groove 514 is provided on the end surface of the mounting plate 51 , and the inner ring of the driving plate 52 is rotatably mounted in the circular groove 514 .

[0028] A limiting pin 53 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the mounting plate 51 , and a limiting slot 523 is defined in the inner hole of the driving plate 52 . The limiting pin 53 is constrained in the limiting slot 523 .

[0029] When the variable blade 54 is at a small opening, the variable blade trailing edge 542 and the adjacent fixed blade 511 are in the same straight line direction.

[0030] A plurality of gradually expanding extension sections 515 are provided around the end surface of the mounting plate 51 .

[0031] A driving pin 522 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the driving disk 52 .

[0032] The mounting plate 51 is provided with two positioning holes 516 in parallel, and the positioning holes 516 match the positioning pins 7 on the intermediate body 2 .

[0033] An elastic heat insulating cover 8 is provided between the intermediate body 2 and the end surface 517 of the mounting plate.

[0034] The turbocharger 41 includes a compressor 1, an intermediate body 2, an actuator 3, a turbine 4, and a variable nozzle assembly. Compressor 1 and turbine 4 are connected via intermediate body 2. The turbine 41 of turbine 4 and the impeller of compressor 1 are coaxially connected. Bearings 6 contained within intermediate body 2 support the coaxial turbine 41 and impeller for high-speed rotation. The variable nozzle assembly is mounted in the turbine housing 42 of turbine 4 and is concentric with the turbine 41. Actuator 3 controls the rotation of the variable nozzle assembly to adjust the angle, velocity, and flow area of ​​the airflow entering turbine 41.

[0035] The working principle of this device is: The drive disc 52 is mounted in a circular groove 514 of the mounting disc 51. The circular groove 514 is used to guide the rotation of the drive disc 52 and keep it substantially concentric with the mounting disc 51. The mounting disc 51 has gradually expanding extension sections 515 arranged in an approximately circular pattern and at equal intervals to maintain an axial clearance between the drive disc 52 and the actuator 3. The actuator 3 controls the drive pin 522 through a four-bar linkage mechanism to drive the drive disc 52, which is integral with the actuator 3, to rotate about its axis. When the drive disc 52 rotates, the fork 55 is driven to rotate, causing the rotating shaft 541 to rotate about its axis, thereby rotating the variable blade 54 to change the flow area through the nozzle. The two positioning holes 516 of the mounting plate 51 cooperate with the two positioning pins 7 on the intermediate body 2 to determine the circumferential mounting position. During the combination of the positioning holes 516 and the positioning pins 7, the mounting plate 51 will automatically constrain the elastic heat insulation cover 8 and make it fit and press circumferentially with the end face 517 of the mounting plate. The elastic heat insulation cover 8 is axially compressed between the intermediate body 2 and the variable nozzle assembly to provide a seal, thereby reducing the flow of engine exhaust gas to the space where the drive plate 52 is placed. At the same time, since the elastic heat insulation cover 8 is made of elastic and high-temperature resistant material, the elastic force pushes the variable nozzle ring assembly 5 toward the turbine 41 after axial compression, so that the fixed blades 511 are in direct contact with the end plane 421 of the turbine shell to form an exhaust gas flow channel and maintain a reasonable axial gap between the mounting plate 51 and the variable blades 54. If the axial gap is too small, it may cause the variable blades 54 to get stuck; if it is too large, it will affect the efficiency of the turbine 4.

[0036] When the engine is at low speed, the turbine 41 supercharger actuator 3 controls the driving pin 522 according to the engine ECU command to drive the driving plate 52 to start rotating counterclockwise, causing the shift fork 55 to drive the rotating shaft 541 to rotate, and the variable vane 54 moves to a small opening state; the fixed vane 511 integrated in the mounting plate 51 can not only guide the exhaust gas into the position of the variable vane 54, but also reduce the exhaust gas flow loss and improve the performance of the supercharger. At the same time, the trailing edge 542 of the variable vane and the fixed vane 511 in the small opening state are arranged in a nearly straight line, further reducing the gas flow separation caused by the vacuum on the back of the traditional cylindrical support sleeve or the fixed distance sleeve, thereby improving the performance of the supercharger; When the variable blade 54 is in a small opening state, the variable blade 54 is maintained between the mounting plate plane area 512 and the turbine housing end plane 421. At this time, the maximum axial clearance of the variable blade leading edge 543 is kept at a minimum, reducing exhaust gas loss and ensuring the efficiency of the turbine 4. The actuator 3 controls the driving pin 522 to drive the driving disc 52 to rotate counterclockwise so that one end of the limiting groove 523 contacts the limiting pin 53, reaching the closing limit of the variable blade 54. The variable blade 54 is in the minimum opening state. At this time, the variable nozzle assembly structure of the present patent can be more conveniently used in the exhaust braking condition of the engine. When the engine is at medium or high speed, the turbocharger actuator 3 of the turbine 41 controls the driving pin 522 according to the engine ECU command to drive the driving plate 52 to start rotating in the clockwise direction so that the shift fork 55 drives the rotating shaft 541 to rotate, and the variable blade 54 moves to the wide-open state; The actuator 3 controls the driving pin 522 to drive the driving disk 52 to rotate clockwise so that one end of the limit slot 523 contacts the limit pin 53, reaching the opening limit of the variable blade 54, and the variable blade 54 is in the maximum opening state; at this time, the variable blade 54 is in the gradually expanding extension area 513 of the mounting plate, and the other side of the variable blade 54 is also in the gradually expanding extension area 422 of the turbine shell. At this time, the axial clearance in the extension direction of the variable blade 54 gradually increases, and the maximum axial clearance of the variable blade leading edge 543 is maintained at the maximum state; this position can be widely used in any operating point of the engine.

[0037] It should be noted that the existing variable nozzle assembly has the problem that the variable blades 54 cannot rotate flexibly with the drive disk 52 or get stuck during the entire life cycle of the engine, resulting in abnormal noise, overspeed and other faults of the turbine 41 supercharger, which seriously affects the performance and reliability of the turbine 41 supercharger. Therefore, improving the reliability of the variable nozzle assembly is crucial to the turbine 41 supercharger and even the engine.

[0038] The structural design of the variable blades 54 being in the gradually expanding extension area 513 of the mounting plate and the gradually expanding extension area 422 of the turbine housing when gradually opening further reduces the adhesion of carbon deposit particles generated by the engine and reduces the risk of the variable blades 54 getting stuck caused by this; at the same time, the gradual increase in the axial clearance when the variable blades 54 are opened increases the tolerance to engine carbon deposits and also helps to improve the reliability of the variable nozzle assembly.

[0039] Through research, it was found that the assembly clearance of the variable nozzle assembly is one of the key factors affecting the sticking of the variable blade 54. The variable nozzle assembly of this patent only integrates the fixed blade 511 structure through the mounting plate 51 to control the axial clearance of the blade. While reducing the number of parts of the variable nozzle assembly (at least eliminating the support sleeve or distance sleeve, support plate), the installation process of the variable nozzle assembly (riveting or bolting, etc.) is reduced, avoiding the impact of the installation process on the axial clearance of the variable blade 54, and can effectively ensure the consistency of the clearance and the performance of the turbine 41 supercharger. The patent reduces the number of moving mechanism parts and installation processes (riveting or bolting, etc.), which can avoid similar parts from being thermally deformed under harsh working conditions such as high and low temperatures and thermal shock, causing the moving mechanism to crack and get stuck, effectively ensuring the reliable operation of the turbine 41 supercharger.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and description of the present invention.

Claims

1. Integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger, characterized by: The invention comprises a turbine shell (42), wherein a mounting plate (51) is fixedly provided in the turbine shell (42), and a plurality of fixed blades (511) are provided on the end surface of the mounting plate (51) and are opposed to the turbine shell end plane (421), and a gas flow channel is formed through the area between adjacent fixed blades (511). The end surface of the mounting plate (51) is also provided with a plurality of variable blades (54) that are swingably arranged and used to adjust the size of the gas flow channel. The other end surface of the mounting plate (51) is provided with a driving plate (52) that is rotatably provided to drive the plurality of variable blades (54) to swing synchronously.

2. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed blades (511) are arranged in a streamlined manner, and the extending direction of the fixed blades (511) is inclined to the radial direction of the mounting plate (51).

3. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable blade (54) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (541) rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (51); one end of the rotating shaft (541) passes through the mounting plate (51) and is fixedly connected to a shift fork (55); the drive plate (52) is provided with a drive hole (521) corresponding to each shift fork (55); and a drive block (551) is vertically fixedly connected to the shift fork (55) and constrained in the drive hole (521).

4. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular groove (514) is provided on the end surface of the mounting plate (51), and the inner ring of the driving plate (52) is rotatably mounted in the circular groove (514).

5. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting pin (53) is fixedly connected to the end surface of the mounting plate (51), and a limiting slot (523) is provided in the inner hole of the driving plate (52), wherein the limiting pin (53) is constrained in the limiting slot (523).

6. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the variable blade (54) is at a small opening, the variable blade trailing edge (542) and the adjacent fixed blade (511) are in the same straight line direction.

7. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of gradually expanding extension sections (515) are provided on the end surface of the mounting plate (51).

8. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: A driving pin (522) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the driving disk (52).

9. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (51) is provided with two positioning holes (516) in parallel, and the positioning holes (516) match the positioning pins (7) on the intermediate body (2).

10. The integrated fixed vane variable nozzle turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elastic heat-insulating cover (8) is provided between the intermediate body (2) and the end surface (517) of the mounting plate.

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